Normal blood insulin levels after meals and on an empty stomach. Why is insulin high - the reasons. Reasons for the increase in insulin in the blood

It is recommended to take an insulin test not only for a sick person, but also for a healthy one. The fact is that if this study is carried out on time, then its results will help prevent serious illness if any abnormality is present. In the event that signs of health problems are found on early stage, there is a high probability that correction can be made and the situation corrected.

Why is it needed?

Insulin is a protein hormone. It plays an important role in the human body. Its main task is to transport substances that feed the cell. Insulin provides a balanced state of carbohydrates in the human body.

The production of this hormone occurs in certain cycles. For example, after a person eats, his level will be significantly higher than after abstaining from food.

Why get tested for insulin? What does he show?

Insulin is produced by the pancreas and is protein in nature. The amount depends on how much glucose is in the person's blood. Insulin levels indicate the body's predisposition to diabetes. The identification of deviations from the norm indicates that it is necessary to take appropriate measures to maintain the body in a healthy state.

Diabetes is considered a very serious ailment. If human body is exposed to this disease, this means that glucose cannot enter the tissues. Due to the fact that it does not come in the right amount, there is no energy source that is necessary for normal life. In this regard, a malfunction of the patient's organs and systems may occur.

In addition, an insulin test will show what type of diabetes is present in the human body. In the case when the pancreas stops producing insulin in enough, this means that type 1 diabetes is present.

You should know that the patient is considered insulin-dependent if the amount of the hormone produced does not exceed twenty percent of the norm.

There is also a second type of diabetes. With it, insulin is produced in the right amount. But it is not assimilated by the cells of the body. This disease is called "non-insulin dependent diabetes".

Complications of the disease

Due to the presence of diabetes in the body, the following complications may occur in the human body:

Cardiac ischemia.
Retinopathy, which can subsequently lead to complete blindness of the patient.
Polyneuropathy.
Renal failure
Trophic changes such as gangrene.

What should a person do? Possible methods

An important point is to diagnose changes in the level of insulin in a person's blood. If this is detected at an early stage, then the following methods will help prevent the development of the disease:

Compliance with a special diet. It will be prescribed by the attending physician, based on the characteristics of your body (intolerance to any product, etc.).
Physiotherapy.

If you stick to a special diet and exercise, you can cope with diabetes and bring carbohydrate metabolism back to normal. Emphasis should be placed on the fact that this can be achieved without the use of any medications.

What signs indicate that it is necessary to pass the test? What should you pay attention to?

Usually, an insulin test is prescribed to confirm or refute a diagnosis such as diabetes. Also, the reason for surrender is the presence or suspicion of endocrine diseases... Those who monitor health should pay attention to the following symptoms that appear in the human body:

Weight change both up and down. This is especially alarming if there have been no changes in nutrition and mobility in a person's lifestyle. That is, if a person moves and eats in the same rhythm as from day to day, and his body weight changes, this means that some kind of malfunction has occurred in the body. To identify it, it is necessary to conduct a survey.
Weakness, a drop in performance are also signs of a violation of any processes. To identify the reasons for this situation, you must contact medical institution for the necessary examination and testing, including for insulin.
Another sign of a violation of the production of the above hormone is long wound healing. For example, cuts or abrasions take a long time and bleed. This sign also indicates a change in the composition of human blood.

How is the analysis done? Research options. Description

An insulin test can be taken in two ways:

The first way to pass this type of analysis is called hungry. It consists in the fact that the material is taken on an empty stomach. When analyzing in this way, 8 hours should elapse after the last meal. In this regard, the delivery of the analysis is scheduled for the morning hours.
The second way to determine a person's predisposition to diabetes mellitus is through the use of glucose. The patient drinks a certain amount of it, waits for two hours and then donates blood.

There is another option for taking a blood test for insulin. It consists in combining two methods. This option is the most accurate. First, a person does a blood test for insulin on an empty stomach, then uses glucose, after which he waits for a couple of hours and donates blood again. This method allows you to see the picture of what is happening in the body more holistically. However, for a preventive examination, it is enough to donate blood only in the morning, on an empty stomach.

Preparing for the study. What should be done before analysis? Doctor's advice

Now you know what an insulin test is, how to take it. Now let's talk about how to properly prepare. This is necessary in order for the result to be reliable.

Before donating blood on an empty stomach, you should abstain from food for eight hours. During this time, you cannot eat or drink drinks. You can only use clean water.
You cannot be tested if the patient is undergoing any course of treatment, that is, taking medications. The fact is that they can affect the results obtained. Blood for insulin should be taken either before the start of the course of treatment, or at least seven days after it ends. Also, the patient needs to notify the attending physician that he is undergoing treatment, or when he stopped taking funds. In the case when the course of therapy is long, and the analysis for insulin is an important part of the treatment process, it is necessary to agree with the doctor about the possibility of interrupting the admission. medical supplies in order to collect blood.
24 hours before the study, you should follow a certain diet, namely, refuse to take fatty foods and drinking. Also, you do not need to exercise any physical activity.
In the case when, in addition to donating blood, the patient is assigned such types of examinations as ultrasound procedure or X-ray, then you should first submit the material for research, and then go through other types of procedures.

Insulin test (blood test): norm, analysis decoding

As mentioned above, a person's blood insulin levels can fluctuate depending on food intake. Therefore, for accuracy, an insulin test is done on an empty stomach.

The rate of occurrence of this substance in human blood is 1.9-23 μMU / ml. This is for an adult. The norm in children is from two to twenty microns / ml. There are indicators for pregnant women. For them, the norm ranges from six to 27 microns / ml.

Characteristics of the values of indicators of insulin in the blood. What does it mean if this hormone is more or less?

In the case when insulin in human blood is present below the lowest level, this indicates that type 1 diabetes is present in the body. Conversely, for increased value we can talk about the presence of non-insulin dependent diabetes in the body.

It should also be remembered that pregnant women have other indicators of norms, their value is overestimated.

A little conclusion

Now you know how to get tested for insulin. The interpretation of the analysis and the norms of the indicator are discussed in this article.

Each person needs to remember that it is better to diagnose the disease at an early stage than to treat its advanced forms.

Insulin is a fairly discussed term, but judging by surveys of visitors to polyclinics, not everyone understands what it is. At best, they answer that it is associated with diabetes mellitus and diabetics give injections with it.

The pancreas, which is a very important organ, is responsible for the production of its own insulin in the human body. Its importance is supported by the fact that it is the only organ in the body that is supplied with blood from two different arteries.

The main task of insulin is to regulate blood glucose, the level of which should be close to normal. However, increased insulin in some cases will not be considered a pathology. So after a meal, the pancreas injects a portion of insulin into the bloodstream, which helps glucose (energy supply for cells) to penetrate the cell membranes.

For some period after a meal, elevated insulin will be considered normal, but by the end of the period, its level should return to the established norm.

Insulin released in response to an increase in glucose levels is post-alimentary insulinemia (occurs after eating). Increased insulin in the blood, in this case, promotes the active utilization of glucose by tissues and a decrease in its amount in the blood. After lowering the glucose level, the amount of insulin also decreases.

For reference. Normally, an adequate level of insulin in the blood is provided due to the moderate secretion of the RV hormone, as well as its short half-life. The hormone insulin normally circulates in the blood for about 4 minutes - this time is enough to have the necessary effect on carbohydrate metabolism.

Functions

Insulin has a significant effect on the stages of carbohydrate metabolism. The main effects of the hormone are associated with anabolic action in insulin-dependent tissues.

Insulin is able to stimulate:

synthesis of glycogen and inhibit the process of gluconeogenesis (glucose formation) by the liver;
glycolysis process;
active uptake of glucose by tissues and a decrease in its level in the blood;
conversion of glucose to triglycerides (long-term "reserve" glucose storage);
capture and formation of fatty acids, as well as inhibit the breakdown of fats;
active uptake of amino acids by cells;
protein synthesis;
transport of K and Mg ions into cells;
the formation of glycogen, as well as inhibit the breakdown of proteins in the muscles.

Action speed

The biological effect of insulin can be classified according to the rate of development of effects on:

very fast (occur within a few seconds after the hormone enters the bloodstream);
fast (appearing in a couple of minutes);
slow (these effects take from several minutes to several hours to develop);
very slow (occurring within a few hours to a day).

The very rapid effects of insulin include its effect on the membranes of insulin-sensitive cells. As a result, the rate of entry of glucose from the blood into the cells increases almost fifty times.

Rapid effects are manifested by active storage of glycogen (quickly utilized glucose depot), stimulation of the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. Also, insulin increases the activity of phosphodiesterase, which inhibits the catabolism (breakdown) of glycogen to glucose under the action of adrenaline or glucagon.

The slow action of insulin lies in its effect on metabolic processes and on the rate of cell growth and division. Normally, elevated insulin activates the pentose phosphate pathway (oxidation of carbohydrates) and enzymatic oxidation of glucose, accompanied by energy storage in the form of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP molecule).

The very slow effects of insulin are manifested by the acceleration of cell proliferation. Insulin is able to stimulate the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin C) in the liver. Somatomedin C stimulates the growth of bones in length, as well as the uptake of glucose and amino acids by muscle and adipose tissue cells.

Why is it important to know your insulin level?

The level of insulin in the blood is important for:

maintaining a full metabolism of carbohydrates;
control over the rapid utilization of glucose by tissues;
storage of ATP molecules;
stimulation of cell growth and reproduction;
maintaining a balance between storing and burning adipose tissue.

Increased insulin may indicate the presence of hormone-producing pancreatic tumors, insulin - independent type 2 diabetes, etc.

Normally, increased insulin is determined after eating and during pregnancy (in this case, there is a moderate, gradual increase in the level of the hormone).

Decreased insulin levels are observed with diabetes and depletion of the body.

To obtain a complete diagnostic picture, an insulin test should be performed in conjunction with other examinations:

fasting blood glucose;
oral glucose tolerance test;
C-peptide;
determination of glucose and ketone bodies in urine (glucosuria and ketonuria);
Ultrasound of the pancreas.

Attention. An insulin test without assessing blood sugar levels and other studies is not informative. Therefore, prescribe a survey, determine the volume diagnostic activities and only the attending physician should evaluate the results obtained.

Insulin blood test. Indications for

High insulin with normal sugar is not detected, an abnormal increase in the level of the hormone is always accompanied by hypoglycemia. Most often, excess insulin production is associated with insulinoma, a tumor of the pancreas beta cells.

Usually, the disease is diagnosed in patients from 25 to 55 years old. Insulinoma practically does not occur in children. Hyperinsulinism leads to chronic hypoglycemia. Clinically, this is manifested by obesity, a constant feeling of hunger and the need to take easily digestible carbohydrates. Such patients can eat about a kilogram of sweets per day or eat sugar with spoons.

Typical complaints of patients with increased insulin in the blood are frequent fainting, dizziness, muscle weakness, tachycardia, emotional instability, memory loss, decreased skin sensitivity.

Important. Increased insulin leads to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and impotence.

In addition to the diagnosis of insulinoma, the analysis for insulin is informative in a comprehensive examination of patients with metabolic syndrome, hyperandrogenism, PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome).

How is the test for insulin given?

Venous blood is used for analysis. The sampling of material should be done strictly on an empty stomach. Reception of alcoholic beverages must be excluded at least a day, smoking - one hour before the procedure.

The time interval between donating blood and last reception food should be at least eight hours (optimally - more than 12 hours). It is forbidden to consume juices, teas or coffee. It is permissible to drink boiled water before analysis.

Somewhat elevated insulin at normal sugar levels can be observed in patients undergoing treatment:

antiparkinsonian drugs (levodopa);
niacin;
prednisone;
spirolactone;
calcium gluconate;
oral contraceptives;
medroxyprogesterone;
growth hormone;
pancreozymin.

The norm of insulin in the blood in women and men is the same, however, in women, insulin levels may rise moderately during pregnancy.

For reference. The intake of beta-blockers, furosemide, clofibrate, calcitonin, phenobarbital leads to a decrease in insulin indicators.

The rate of insulin in the blood

Most often, the boundaries are indicated from 2.6 to 24.9. In some laboratories up to 29.1.

The results are recorded in μU / ml.

The values of the norm for men and women are the same.

Insulin is elevated, what it says

In addition to insulinoma, an increased amount of insulin can be detected when:

severe liver disease,
hyperandrogenism,
PCOS,
acromegaly,
type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (in the initial stages of the disease),
obesity,
muscular dystrophy,
Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome,
disaccharidase deficiency.

Hyperinsulinemia in PCOS

In women, hyperinsulinemia is most often observed with polycystic ovary syndrome. The main symptoms will be an increase in the level of androgens (male sex hormones), severe forms acne, oily seborrhea, hair loss on the head and body hair growth (hirsutism), breast reduction, coarsening of the voice, menstrual irregularities, infertility, miscarriage, lack of sex drive, obesity.

Attention. Obesity and high level insulin lead to the development of tissue insulin resistance and the formation of type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant).

An increased amount of insulin, an increase in glucose levels (due to insulin resistance), a sharp increase in triglycerides and cholesterol levels are fraught with the development of diseases of cardio-vascular system(atherosclerosis, thrombosis, coronary artery disease, heart attack). In such women, the risk of developing malignant neoplasms in the uterus, mammary glands and ovaries.

Adrenal Causes of Elevated Insulin

Hypersecretion of adrenal cortex hormones (hypercortisolism or Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome).

Hypercortisolism is manifested by obesity. Fat is deposited on the face (moon face), neck, chest and abdomen. The appearance of a specific purple blush is also characteristic.

Due to an excess of glucocorticoids, steroid diabetes mellitus develops. Patients are constantly hungry. Against the background of a significant increase in body fat, the volume of muscle tissue, on the contrary, decreases (this is manifested by the "thinning" of the limbs in relation to the rest of the body).

The skin is characterized by the appearance of specific purple-cyanotic stretch marks. Regeneration is reduced, even small scratches take a long time to heal. A significant number of acne breakouts appear.

Damage to the pituitary gland

The disease is manifested by a coarsening of the face (specifically, an increase in the cheekbones and superciliary arches, also grow soft tissue), disproportionate growth of hands and feet, severe arterial hypertension, deforming osteoarthritis, constant sweating, the development of type 2 diabetes, severe headaches.

How to lower blood insulin

Therapy completely depends on the underlying disease that caused the increase in the level of the hormone. The selection of therapy is carried out individually, after comprehensive survey at the endocrinologist.

General recommendations for lifestyle correction can be given only to patients in whom hyperinsulinemia is associated with alimentary (food) obesity. In this case, a balanced diet, an active lifestyle and a gradual decrease in body weight are indicated. Severe dietary restrictions and fasting are contraindicated and can only exacerbate hormonal imbalances.

Insulin is lowered. Causes and Symptoms

Insulin levels decrease when:

SD of the first type;
hypopituitarism (decrease or complete cessation of the secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland);

In type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion remains normal or increases.

Type 1 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus of the first type is a group of metabolic pathologies accompanied by a chronic defect in insulin secretion by pancreatic B cells and, accordingly, increased glucose levels.

The symptoms of type 1 diabetes are caused by insulin deficiency.

Due to a sharp decrease in glucose utilization and an increase in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (the formation of glucose in the liver), the level of sugar in the blood (glycemia) and in the urine increases (glucosuria develops with glycemia from 8.8 millimoles per liter).

An increase in blood sugar and excretion of glucose in the urine causes:

increased urination;
thirst;
itching, dry skin and mucous membranes;
infections urinary tract, thrush.

A decrease in the formation of adipose tissue and the mobilization of triglycerides (as well as their breakdown to glucose) leads to an increase in ketogenesis in the liver tissues and an increase in ketone bodies in the blood (ketonemia) and urine (ketonuria). Clinically, this is manifested by vomiting, sudden weight loss, the appearance of the smell of acetone (ketoacidosis).

Disruption of protein metabolism and an increase in their breakdown leads to muscular dystrophy, lag in physical development and a pronounced decrease in immunity (frequent bacterial and fungal infections).

Electrolyte imbalance due to a decrease in insulin levels leads to the fact that the body loses potassium, sodium and magnesium ions. Clinically, electrolyte imbalances are manifested by:

thirst;
dry skin;
weakness;
lowering blood pressure;
impaired renal blood flow;
lack of urine (anuria).

Important. Due to the fact that all the symptoms of type 1 diabetes are due to a defect in insulin secretion, the main method of treatment will be insulin replacement therapy (insulin injections).

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

In patients with T2DM, in contrast to patients with T1DM, the function of RV B cells is preserved. Their insulin secretion is normal, or even increased.

Important. The basis of therapy is to normalize body weight, follow a balanced diet and take sugar-reducing tablets (if necessary, a combination of several means is possible).

Insulin therapy for such patients is rarely prescribed, with the ineffectiveness of antihyperglycemic tablets. An evening injection of insulin with a prolonged effect is more often used.

As a starting therapy, it is recommended to adjust the lifestyle and take metformin (sugar-lowering tables). If there is no effect, a sulfanylurea derivative (glibenclamide) or a thiazalidinedione series (glutazone) is added.

Insulin therapy can be added if indicated.

Types of insulin preparations

Insulins are isolated by origin:

human genetic engineering;
human semi-synthetic;
pork monocomponent.

By action, drugs are isolated with:

ultrashort effect (Humalog, Apidra);
short action (Actrapid NM, Humulin Regular);
medium duration of action (Monodar B, Protafan NM);
long-term action (Lantus, Levemir Flekspen).

Mixed-action drugs include mixtures (profiles) that combine a short-acting and extended-acting drug. On such insulins, there should be a fraction designation of 50/50, 40/60, 25/75 with a decoding of how much insulin the drug contains, or a number indicating the percentage of prolonged insulin.

Gensulin M50 (50% extended-50% short),
Gensulin M40 (40% extended - 60 short),
Mikstard 30/70 (Mikstard® 30 NM - 30% extended - 70% short).

Insulin administration rules for diabetes

The dose and frequency of injections should be selected exclusively by the attending physician.

Most often, schemes are used with:

two injections of a mixed medium (short and long-acting insulins);
three injections (mixed preparations in the morning and in the evening + Wed-in short actions before lunch);
basic bolus administration.

For reference. The use of an insulin pump is indicated for patients with frequent or latent hypoglycemia, poor glycemic control, high insulin sensitivity, and poorly controlled diabetes. The pump can also be used during pregnancy.

The introduction of insulin using an insulin syringe can be performed in:

belly (cf. with short and mixed effects);
buttocks and thighs (medium and long-acting);
shoulder (additional injection site).

To prevent the development of lipodystrophy at the injection sites, the injection sites should be alternated.

Attention. It must be remembered that insulin is injected only into the subcutaneous fat. Therefore, for thin patients, a skin fold should be formed and shorter needles should be used before injection.

The pancreas is an endocrine organ. Each part of it secretes its own hormone, which is vital for a person.

In the beta cells of the organ, insulin is formed - a hormone that performs many important functions in organism.

Its deficiency, as well as an excess, leads to various diseases.

The meaning and main functions of insulin

Initially, the pancreas synthesizes an inactive hormone. Then, passing through several stages, he goes into an active form. The protein compound is a kind of key through which glucose penetrates into all tissues and organs.

Glucose will enter the brain, eyes, kidneys, adrenal glands and blood vessels even without insulin. If there is not enough of it in the blood, then the organs begin to process excess glucose, thereby exposing themselves to a great load. That is why in diabetes these organs are considered “targets” and are primarily affected.

The rest of the tissues pass glucose only with the help of insulin. Once in Right place, glucose is converted into energy and muscle mass. The hormone is produced continuously, throughout the day, but during meals allocation goes in greater volume. This is to prevent sugar surges.

Insulin functions:

Helps glucose to penetrate tissues and generate energy.
Reduces the stress on the liver, which synthesizes glucose.
Promotes the penetration of certain amino acids into tissues.
Participates in metabolism, especially in carbohydrate metabolism.
The main function of the substance is hypoglycemic. In addition to food consumed by humans, the body itself synthesizes a large amount of hormones that increase blood glucose levels. These include adrenaline, growth hormone, glucagon.

Diagnostics and norm depending on age

To know your hormone level, it is important to properly prepare for donating blood.

Preparation for the test:

Blood must be donated on an empty stomach.
There should be a light dinner the day before, at least 8 hours before the test.
In the morning it is allowed to drink boiled water.
Brushing your teeth and using rinse is not recommended.
The patient should stop taking all medications 2 weeks before the examination. Otherwise, the doctor must indicate what kind of treatment the person is receiving.
A few days before the examination, it is necessary to refuse junk food: fatty, fried, pickled and salted, as well as alcoholic beverages and fast food.
The day before the study, you need to protect yourself from sports and stress overload.

The result obtained when taking a blood test for insulin is not very informative without the result of a blood sugar test. Only both indicators taken together give a complete picture of the state of the organism. For this, the patient undergoes stress and provocative tests.

An exercise test will show how quickly insulin reacts to glucose entering the bloodstream. If it is delayed, the diagnosis of latent diabetes mellitus is established.

This testing is carried out as follows. On an empty stomach, blood is taken from a vein. The patient then drinks some pure glucose. The repeated determination of blood sugar is performed 2 hours after the load.

Results evaluation table:

A provocative test or fasting test lasts more than a day. First, the patient donates blood on an empty stomach. Then he does not eat anything for another day, and periodically donates blood. In all samples, the same indicators are determined: insulin, glucose, C-peptide. In women and in men, the indicators of the norm are the same.

Table for evaluating the results of the amount of insulin in the blood:

What does the high level mean?

Hyperinsulinemia usually occurs some time after eating. But even in this case, its level should not exceed the upper limit.

constant feeling of hunger, accompanied by nausea;
cardiopalmus;
excessive sweating;
trembling hands;
frequent loss of consciousness.

Diseases accompanied by an increase in insulin in the blood:

Insulinoma- benign neoplasm of the pancreas. It attacks the islets of Langerhans and stimulates the increased production of insulin. When such a diagnosis is made, the patient is assigned surgery... After removal of the tumor, 8 out of ten people have a complete recovery.
Sugar type 2 diabetes... The main reason for its development is insulin resistance. The cells lose sensitivity to the hormone and signal to the pancreas that there is not enough of it in the blood. She begins to secrete more hormone, which leads to hyperinsulinemia.
Acromegaly or gigantism... This disease is accompanied by the production of large amounts of growth hormone.
Cushing's syndrome accompanied by a high level of glucocorticosteroids in the blood, in response to this, the pancreas produces a large amount of its hormone.
Polycystic ovary- a disease characterized by hormonal disruption in the body, which lead to an increase in the level of the hormone in the blood. Hyperinsulinemia is the cause of excess weight, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, as well as the development of tumors, since the hormone promotes their growth.
Obesity. In some cases, it is difficult to determine whether the disease is due to or is the cause of high levels of the hormone in the blood. If initially there is a large amount of insulin in the blood, a person experiences a feeling of hunger, eats a lot and gains from this excess weight... In other people, being overweight leads to insulin resistance, which leads to hyperinsulinemia.
Liver disease.
Pregnancy. May proceed without complications, but with increased appetite.
Intolerance to fructose and galactose inherited.

If hyperinsulinemia is found, you need to look for the cause of this condition, because there is no drug that will lower the level of the hormone.

eat 2-3 times a day without snacks;
arrange a fasting day once a week;
choose the right food, use only low and medium glycemic index foods in food;
rational physical activity;
fiber should be present in food.

The consequences of a lack of hormone

There is an absolute and relative insulin deficiency. Absolute failure means that the pancreas does not produce the hormone and the person develops type 1 diabetes.

Relative deficiency develops when a hormone in the blood is present in normal amount or even more than the norm, but it is not absorbed by the cells of the body.

Hypoinsulinemia indicates the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this disease, the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas are affected, which leads to a decrease or cessation of hormone production. The disease is incurable. For a normal life, patients are prescribed lifelong insulin injections.

Hypoinsulinemia reasons:

Genetic factors.
Binge eating. The constant consumption of baked goods and sweets can lead to a decrease in hormone production.
Infectious diseases. Some diseases have a destructive effect on the islets of Langerhans, which leads to a decrease in hormone production.
Stress. Overexcitement is accompanied by a large intake of glucose, so insulin in the blood may fall.

Types of artificial insulin

Patients with diabetes mellitus are prescribed subcutaneous administration of the hormone.

All of them are divided depending on the duration of the action:

Degludek refers to an ultra-long-term insulin that lasts up to 42 hours;
Glargin has a long-term effect and lasts from 20 to 36 hours;
Humulin NPH and Basal are drugs medium duration, their action begins only 1-3 hours after injection and ends after 14 hours.

These drugs are considered the mainstay in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. In other words, the patient is prescribed the necessary medication, which he will inject once or twice a day. These injections are not related to food intake.

For food, the patient needs short-acting and ultra-short-acting injections:

The first are Actrapid NM, Insuman Rapid. After the injection, the hormone begins to act in 30-45 minutes, and finishes its work after 8 hours.
Ultrashort injections Humalog and Novorapid begin to take effect a few minutes after injection and work for only 4 hours.

Long-acting and ultra-short acting drugs are now used to treat type 1 diabetes. The first injection in the patient should be immediately after awakening - long-acting. Sometimes people transfer this injection to lunch or evening, depending on the lifestyle and individual sensitivity.

Short insulin is prescribed before main meals, 3 times a day. The dose is calculated individually for each patient. A patient with diabetes needs to be able to correctly calculate the number of bread units and the glycemic index, he also needs to know the ratio of insulin to one bread unit.

For example, if the ratio is 1: 1, then this means that for a breakfast of 5 bread units, the patient needs to inject 5 units. If the ratio is 1: 2, then for the same breakfast a person needs to inject 10 units already. All this is selected strictly individually for each patient.

It is believed that the highest need for the hormone is in the morning, and by the evening it decreases. But you should not take these words as an axiom. The body of each person is individual, therefore, the patient himself, together with an endocrinologist, should deal with the selection of doses. In order to quickly study your body and choose the right dose, you need to keep a self-control diary.

Each person should take care of their health on their own. If you feel well, the tests should be carried out once a year. If any signs of illness appear, you should immediately consult a doctor for examination. Timely diagnosis will help maintain health and prevent the development of formidable complications.

To assimilate food, the human body produces a large number of different hormones.

Insulin is a type of hormone that facilitates the transmission of nutrients by the body and is produced by the pancreas.

Insulin in the blood has many different functions. The main ones are:

delivery and assistance in the absorption of glucose by muscle and fat cells;
implementation of the process of creating glucogen in the liver;
controlling the process of protein synthesis, due to which they decompose more slowly, which contributes to their accumulation by fat cells;
activation of glucose metabolism;
inhibition of the functions of proteins that break down fats and glycogen;
transportation of potassium, magnesium, calcium and other nutrients.

Carrying out its tasks, insulin takes part in every metabolic process. As a result, it is the main hormone that maintains the carbohydrate balance in the human body.

That is why any disturbance in the amount of insulin leads to uncontrolled weight gain or unexplained fatigue. Such symptoms should force a person to see a doctor in order to find out if his insulin is normal.

Insulin levels in the blood indicate metabolic problems. It is measured in micro units per liter (μed / L).

The amount of this hormone is not constant and changes depending on the number of years lived and when the analysis was performed.

For example, the rate will differ significantly if taken on an empty stomach or after a meal. But in any case, the indicators will not be higher or lower than certain values.

Normal indicators in women

The rate of insulin in the blood in women depends on age. Pregnancy also affects the amount of hormone produced. Borders acceptable values presented in the table:

It can be seen that the rate of insulin in the blood in women increases significantly with age, as well as during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that during these periods the body needs a large amount of energy, which leads to an increase in the hormone.

In men

The rate of insulin in the blood in men also depends on the years lived. If we take the same annual intervals, then the allowable amount of the hormone will look like this:

Comparing the indicators for men and women, it can be seen that they are equal and increase towards the retirement age.

In children

The rate of insulin in children also depends on age. Until puberty, it is lower, as there is no need for a large amount of energy.

However, after the age of 14, the body of adolescents begins to undergo significant changes at the hormonal level. In this regard, the amount of energy consumed by young people increases dramatically, which leads to an increase in the amount of insulin produced. The rates are presented in the table:

Analyzes to determine the level of insulin are done in two ways - on an empty stomach and during exercise. Moreover, to determine the exact level, you need to perform both of these options in order to see the dynamics.

The first option shows how much hormone is at a time when it is practically not produced by the pancreas. Therefore, the rate of insulin on an empty stomach, as in women, men and children, usually decreases and is in the lower limits, which is presented in the table:

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After the analysis was taken on an empty stomach, the second type is carried out - with a glucose load. He, in turn, can also be carried out in two ways - using a glucose solution or a simple meal.

In the first option, a person is given a glucose solution to drink (50 ml for children, 75 ml for adults) and wait 45-60 minutes, after which blood is taken for analysis. During this time, the body must begin to produce insulin for the absorption of sugar. The hormone rate should grow relative to the first test and be in the following ranges:

In the second option, the glucose load is carried out using regular food. In this case, insulin should increase relative to the result of the analysis on an empty stomach by approximately 70%. This is presented in the table:

When determining the level of the hormone with food, the indicators differ from what was eaten.

If the level of insulin is exceeded or lowered, then this indicates problems with its production. In this case, the doctor prescribes additional examinations in order to determine the causes of the disturbance in the work of the pancreas.

If insulin is lowered, then sugar begins to accumulate due to the fact that it is not processed in cells. This leads to the fact that the functioning of most organs is disrupted due to a lack of energy.

As a result, a person has following symptoms:

constant desire to eat and drink;
dry skin;
unreasonable fatigue;
minor blackouts;
drowsiness;
unmotivated aggression in behavior;
frequent desire to visit the restroom.

A drop in insulin usually occurs due to:

dysfunctions of the pituitary gland;
disorders or inflammatory processes of the pancreas;
unbalanced diet;
stay in stressful situations for a long time;
large physical activity;

Low hormone levels are very dangerous. For example, if insulin is below 2 mcU / L, then this can cause a hypoglycemic coma in a person, and, as a result, lead to death.

In addition, due to its lack, the accumulation of waste products of cells begins, which ultimately leads to intoxication, which negatively affects the functioning of organs.

Excess insulin is also dangerous. An increase in the level of the hormone occurs due to disturbances in the functioning of the pancreas.

In this case, a person develops the following symptoms:

tossing into a cold sweat;
increased heart rate;
fainting;
high blood pressure.

The reasons for the uncontrolled production of insulin by the pancreas can be:

the presence of benign or malignant tumors in the pancreas;
type 2 diabetes;
hormonal changes or disruptions;
infectious or inflammatory diseases pancreas.

An excess of insulin in the blood leads to a loss of elasticity of the vessel walls, which from time to time causes hypertension.

Besides, elevated level the hormone contributes to the development of obesity, since a large amount of glucose and proteins accumulates in fat cells. Also, high insulin increases the risk of cancer.

Regardless of whether the level of insulin in the blood is increased or decreased, it must be normalized to prevent the development of pathologies in the body.

The decrease in the hormone is corrected by injecting it. Third-party insulin is of several types, which differ from each other in the speed of action and duration of action.

The type, dosage, site of administration and hours of administration of hormone injections are prescribed only by the attending physician. In addition, the doctor indicates the necessary diet, which is recommended to be followed.

To reduce the amount of insulin in the blood, diet and physiotherapy... The diet is based on the exclusion of foods containing a large amount of sugar from the diet. The basis is made up of vegetable dishes, lean meat, seafood and dairy products... In addition to diet, it is important to constantly load the body. moderate loads, which promotes the conversion of sugar in the body into energy, and, consequently, a decrease in insulin levels.

If diet and exercise do not help, then medications, which restore the response of the pancreas to the amount of sugar in the body, which leads to the normalization of insulin levels.

Insulin resistance

When testing for insulin and sugar, a situation may arise when, with normal glucose levels, the level of the hormone goes off scale. Often this indicates - a violation of the body's response to metabolic processes on your own or injected insulin. Moreover, one of the functions performed by the hormone may not work, or all at once.

Insulin resistance is dangerous enough that it can lead to serious cardiovascular disease as well as type 2 diabetes.

The best option is to keep your insulin levels normal.

This requires the following:

follow a certain diet, which is dominated by foods with a small amount of sugar;
increase the number of meals per day, while reducing the calorie content of a single serving;
give up bad habits(consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking), negatively affecting the pancreas;
exercise moderately;
pay attention to walking in the fresh air.

Insulin is a hormonally active substance synthesized by the cells of the islets of Langerhans-Sobolev of the pancreas. The main functions of the hormone are to participate in metabolism, normalize blood glucose levels, and provide cells with energy. An increase in the amount or lack of a substance leads to the development of a pathological condition that requires correction. The norm of insulin in the blood in women, the reasons for its increase and how to deal with it are discussed in the article.

Functions and norm

The hormone insulin regulates sugar levels by transporting it to the cells and tissues of the body:

Carbohydrates get into gastrointestinal tract with food, break down to glucose.
The blood glucose level rises, which is a signal for the release of insulin.
The hormone binds the monosaccharide and transports it to muscle and adipose tissue.
V muscular apparatus glucose is broken down to energy, which is needed for the proper functioning of the body, and the accumulation of sugars occurs in the lipid tissue (formation of a depot).

The hormone also participates in the "transfer" of fats, proteins and microelements into cells, activates the synthesis of amino acids, as a result of which muscle performance increases, participates in regeneration processes, and stimulates the work of enzymes necessary for the formation of glycogen.

The norm of insulin in women on an empty stomach (in μU / ml) is 3-29. In children under 12 years old - up to 20. During pregnancy, a slightly increased insulin level is allowed - 6-32. The figures for the indicators of the elderly are 6-35. A condition in which insulin in the blood is high is called hyperinsulinism. It can be primary and secondary, depending on the causes of the development of pathology.

Primary form

The second name is pancreatic hyperinsulinism, since all causes of development are associated with disruption of the secretory apparatus of the pancreas:

Insulinoma is a tumor that autonomously synthesizes a hormone. The result is high blood insulin levels and hypoglycemia. A state of hyperinsulinism usually develops on an empty stomach. Symptoms - increased appetite, obesity, headache, seizures, neurological disorders.
Decreased production of glucagon - the process leads to a slowdown in glycogenolysis and a decrease in blood sugar levels. Accordingly, insulin is increased.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 - the cells of the body stop responding to the hormone, losing sensitivity to it. The body perceives this as if the hormone is not enough, and compensates for the state with enhanced synthesis.

Secondary form

Increased insulin in the blood caused by extra-pancreatic pathologies develops against the background of the following conditions:

after removing part of the stomach;
prolonged fasting;
neurotic disorders;
diarrhea;
increased body temperature;
liver pathology;
metabolic abnormalities of a congenital nature;
tumors of the pituitary gland and adrenal glands.

Hyperinsulinism can develop against the background of an increase in dose during therapy with insulin preparations, hypoglycemic agents. Elevated insulin in the assay can be observed as a result of pharmacological interference with some drugs.

Hyperinsulinism with normal sugar

Elevated insulin levels with normal sugar levels are found in Cushing's disease. The following symptoms may develop: the skin is dry and flaky, hair growth in women by male type, frequent purulent rashes, obesity with thin limbs, low level immunity. The amount of insulin increases, but glucose remains normal.

Another reason is acromegaly. Symptoms of the disease are manifested by a pathological increase in certain parts of the body (nose, lips, lower jaw, brushes, feet).

Clinical picture

Hypoglycemia is the main sign that the insulin level is high - what does this mean? Low blood sugar is called hypoglycemia. Symptoms of this condition depend on the period of development of the pathology. Mild manifestations are associated with an increase in appetite, hunger with sufficient food intake. In the morning, weakness appears, reduced performance.

Higher insulin results in headache, dizziness, and significant sweating. Patients complain of trembling limbs, convulsive seizures, palpitations. There is pain in the muscles, significant shortness of breath (even without physical exertion on the body). V capillary blood glucose values below 2.5 mmol / l.

About the lack of hormone

Decreased insulin is observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases, stress, significant physical exertion. Lack of insulin synthesis causes hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

Signs decreased insulin in blood:

thirst;
increased amount of urine output;
dry mucous membranes;
itchy skin;
frequent rash.

Diagnostics

Insulin test - research venous blood, which allows you to determine low insulin or increased performance... Diagnosis is carried out on an empty stomach. 24 hours before taking the material, you need to give up alcohol, and 1 hour - from smoking. You can only drink water.

Deciphering the indicators is the prerogative of the treating endocrinologist. The answers indicate the values of the hormone level in the following units: μU / ml, pmol / L, honey / L. To recalculate:

μU / ml = honey / L;
pmol / L x 0.138 μU / ml = honey / L.

A blood test for insulin can be part of a glucose tolerance test. During diagnostics, hormone parameters are determined before meals and after "glucose load".

Correction principles

You can lower high levels of the hormone by limiting the number of meals. Have a fasting day once a week. Hormonal level active substance during this period it returns to acceptable limits.

There is a so-called insulin index of products, which must be taken into account when compiling a personal menu. This indicator specifies how much hormone the body will need to return sugar to normal after consuming a particular product.

It is important to normalize physical activity... Adequate exercise can lower insulin levels, restoring the sensitivity of cells and tissues to its action. In addition, you need to adjust the diet: limit carbohydrates and increase the intake of foods containing fiber.

How to increase the amount of hormone

With a lack of insulin, insulin therapy is prescribed. Synthetic hormonal drugs are analogous to the one produced by the pancreas. A deficiency that causes hyperglycemia can be helped to reduce:

Novorapid;
Humalog;
Protafan;
Humulin;
Levemir;
Lantus.

These drugs lower sugar levels, replace normal human insulin. It is important to follow a low-carb diet based on the glycemic index values of foods. Also, experts advise to maintain physical activity at a sufficient level and constantly monitor blood sugar levels, keeping them within acceptable limits.

Folk remedies

There are a number of alternative methods for correcting elevated insulin in the blood - what does this mean? This means that such events will not bring side effects what you can expect from taking medications. It is advisable to carry out such therapy after consultation with an endocrinologist. Several ways to lower your hormone levels:

Pour 100 g of corn silk with a glass of water and bring to a boil. Turn off and leave for 2 hours. Drink half a glass three times a day.
3 tbsp dry yeast, pour hot water. Leave on for 30 minutes. The resulting mixture is taken after meals.

Eliminate the lack of insulin folk remedies practically it will not be possible, but it is quite possible to maintain blood sugar levels. Decoctions and infusions based on medicinal plants are considered useful:

black elderberry;
raspberries;
rowan;
mulberries;
alfalfa;
burdock root.

An excess of insulin, as well as a lack of it, are pathological conditions. Timely diagnostics, choosing the right treatment tactics and following the advice of doctors is the key to a favorable outcome.

ogormone.ru

The effect of insulin on the body

1. Normal value insulin levels are considered to be 5.5-10 μU / ml. Maximum allowable top rate- 11.5 units, but doctors say that such a condition, called intolerance, indicates initial stage diabetes. If the amount of hormones does not correspond to the norm, then the cells lose their sensitivity to secretion. Depending on the results of the analysis, the type of diabetes is determined and a treatment regimen is prescribed.

With a constant glucose level of 20 μU / m and higher, a person has a risk of death. Sharp fluctuations in insulin in the blood cause a malfunction in the brain, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

headache
sleepiness
strong thirst
diuretic effect,
dysfunction of the cardiovascular system,
constipation
overweight
the occurrence of pain in the gastrointestinal tract.

High insulin causes the blocking of the enzyme (lipase) that breaks down fats in the body, which causes dandruff, trophic ulcers, impotence, seborrhea, increased hair greasiness, excessive fat accumulation. A change in lipid metabolism becomes the cause of the formation cholesterol plaques, the development of atherosclerosis and increased blood pressure. Scientists suggest that work depends on its level nervous system and kidney, as well as the multiplication of malignant cells.

Excessive content of polypeptide hormones is observed in the case of:

pathological condition of the liver,
obesity,
hereditary fructose intolerance,
muscular dystrophy,
with diabetes mellitus (type 2),
with inflammation and different forms pancreatic neoplasms,
in case of pregnancy.

If the rate of insulin in the blood on an empty stomach is too low, then this is evidenced by such signs as:

numbness of fingers, mouth and nasal cavity,
panic state,
nausea and dizziness
anxiety, tearfulness, bad mood;
the appearance of pain in the muscles and in the stomach,
irretention;
tachycardia, weakness on exertion, shortness of breath.

The fall of the indicator to the lower border is associated with:

with excessive physical exertion,
with the development of diabetes mellitus (type 1),
with some diseases.

medinote.ru

The importance of normal insulin levels

The norm of insulin in the blood in women is a direct evidence that glucose is also contained in the optimal amount. The presented hormone is necessary because it regulates the metabolism of fats and proteins. Further, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that with an optimal ratio of insulin in female body we can talk about the active production of proteins, which are necessary for the formation of muscles. In addition, this is how the balance between protein production and catabolism is identified. Speaking more simple language, women develop more muscles than they undergo destruction.

It is equally important to pay attention to the fact that this stimulates the formation of glycogen. It is necessary to increase the degree of endurance, muscle cell regeneration. In addition, for normal ratio insulin will regularly penetrate glucose, amino acids and potassium. The main symptoms of fluctuating blood insulin levels are:

increased urination;
slow healing of even minor wounds, scratches, cracks;
constant fatigue.

In addition, women may experience symptoms such as itching. skin, lack of energy and palpable thirst. In some cases, such changes are provoked by an overdose of the hormone or, conversely, its deficiency ratio. The latter is often formed in those diabetics, mainly in children, who have not yet learned how to correctly calculate the dosage of the introduced component.

Oscillations up and down

Under the condition of prolonged excess of the optimal insulin parameters, irreversible pathological changes in the body are inevitable.

It is important to pay attention to the factors and causes that are associated with an increase in glucose levels - this is intense physical activity, which is most often found in women. You should pay attention to frequent stressful situations, the likelihood of the impact of certain liver diseases, as well as acromegaly. It would be wrong to forget about second-degree diabetes mellitus and the fact that normal level may fluctuate due to obesity, insulinoma (neoplasm that produces insulin).

No less significant provoking factors include the violation of the optimal degree of cell resistance not only to carbohydrates, but also to insulin. Another reason for female representatives may be polycystic ovary disease, a malfunction of the pituitary gland, cancer-dependent and benign neoplasms identified in the adrenal glands. Do not forget about pathological changes in the pancreas - cancer, tumors. All of them lead to the fact that a deviation from the norm is identified - the indicators range from 3.0 to 25.0 μU / ml.

A sharp increase in the ratio of the present component in the blood provokes a decrease in sugar levels. This is accompanied by a number of symptoms in women, namely tremors, sweating, changes in the rhythm of the heartbeat, and unexpected bouts of hunger. In addition, nausea (especially on an empty stomach) and fainting may indicate that the indicator has changed. Quite often, an overdose of insulin is the cause of the development of such a condition. In this regard, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that women and all other persons using the presented drug need to calculate its amount as carefully as possible.

Low insulin levels can be evidence of a malfunction in the body. They, in turn, are associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, diabetic coma... Certain disorders in the activity of the pituitary gland, prolonged and excessive physical exertion can influence this.

This is especially common in women and occurs on an empty stomach.

In addition, I would like to draw attention to the fact that in the risk category there are such representatives of the female sex who consume flour and sugar in large quantities. Chronic infectious diseases and nervous exhaustion- these are the next reasons that a woman does not always know what the norm is and why she has changed.

The lack of the hormone presented blocks the penetration of glucose into cells, increasing its ratio in the blood on an empty stomach and at any other time. The result of this is that the increased glucose ratio provokes the formation of the strongest thirst, anxiety, unexpected bouts of hunger. Equally often, the diagnosis is associated with irritability and increased urination. Considering that in certain situations the manifestations of high and low blood insulin ratios are similar, the examination is carried out with the introduction of appropriate blood tests.

How to define indicators

The norm of insulin in the blood of a woman on an empty stomach, namely 3.0 to 25.0 μU / ml, is the most indicative when it is necessary to determine the ratio of the hormone. This is due to the fact that after eating food, the concentration of the component increases, in response to the penetration of carbohydrates into the body. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that:

24 hours before donating blood, it is strongly discouraged to use any medicines... At the same time, the patient should discuss such a possibility with a specialist in advance;
the most accurate information will be obtained under the condition of a combination of two types of analysis for the hormone: in the morning they examine the blood on an empty stomach, after which the woman is given a glucose solution, and the material is re-withdrawn after two hours;
on the basis of this, any conclusions can be drawn about an increase or decrease in the ratio of the hormone presented in the bloodstream.

Only using such techniques, we can talk about a full picture of the pancreas activity not only in women, but also in males, as well as in children.

Each type of examination will require the use of venous blood. It is important to understand that the rate of insulin in the blood in women, namely 3.0 to 25.0 μU / ml, is a direct indication of how normal her health is and what kind of treatment is needed in this particular case.

udiabeta.ru

- a hormone for the production of which the pancreas is responsible. Its main function is to transport glucose, fats, amino acids and potassium to cells. In addition, the substance controls blood sugar levels and is responsible for regulating carbohydrate balance. All this happens when insulin in the blood of women is contained in normal amounts. But on different reasons the amount of hormone can vary. And this will definitely affect the state of health and well-being.

What is the norm of insulin in the blood in women on an empty stomach?

To get reliable data, it is imperative to measure insulin levels on an empty stomach. If analyzed after a meal, the data will be skewed. This happens because after eating, the pancreas begins to function and very actively produce the hormone. As a result, as a result, the content of the substance in the blood will turn out to be overestimated.

The norm of the hormone insulin in women is from 3 to 20 μU / ml. A slight increase in indicators during pregnancy is allowed - as a rule, they vary from 6 to 27 μU / ml. The amount of the substance also changes in the elderly. After 60 years, it is considered normal if from 6 to 35 μU / ml of the hormone is found in the blood.

Insulin in the blood of women in normal amounts ensures the fulfillment of vital processes:

Due to the substance, muscles are built up. It promotes the activation of ribosomes that synthesize protein, which, in turn, is involved in the construction of muscle tissue.
Thanks to insulin, muscle cells can function correctly.
The substance prevents the breakdown of muscle fibers.
In normal amounts, insulin in women in the body increases the activity of enzymes responsible for the production of glycogen. The latter, in turn, is the main form of glucose storage.

womanadvice.ru

Indicator standards

First of all, people with suspected diabetes mellitus receive a referral for taking an analysis of the hormone level. Thanks to the indicators, you can reveal a more accurate picture when diagnosing the disease (what type of diabetes mellitus, how advanced the situation is).

in a healthy person, the indicators will be in the range of 3 - 26 μED per milliliter;
in children, indicators start from 3 to 19 μU per milliliter (slightly lower than in adults);
normal indicators, higher than in the usual state, in pregnant women are considered from 6 to 28 microUnits per milliliter, and in older people, the norm starts from 6 to 35 microUnits per milliliter.

How to get tested correctly

as for most hormone tests, blood is donated sutra strictly on an empty stomach;
the day before the test, intense physical activity must be excluded;
12 hours before the hormone delivery, you must not eat food, it is forbidden to drink sutra tea, coffee or juice, you can only use ordinary non-carbonated water. The minimum period between the test and the consumption of food is 8 hours;
also 2 days before the scheduled date in the laboratory, you need to stop eating fatty foods
on the eve, you can not drink alcoholic beverages;
Do not smoke 2-3 hours before the test;
girls can take a test for this hormone regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle, since insulin does not belong to sex hormones, and the date of the cycle will not affect the result obtained.

Elevated insulin levels

A value above normal can be caused by:

constant exhausting physical activity (this is especially true for the fair sex, who likes to torment himself with unnecessary stress in the gym);
chronic experiences and stressful situations;
certain pathologies of the liver and biliary tract;
type 2 diabetes mellitus;
an increased content of growth hormone in the body (acromegaly);
Cushing's syndrome, obesity;
insulinoma (neoplasm that can distort the indicators in an overestimated direction);
dystrophic mitotonia (neuromuscular conduction disease);
violation of metabolic processes;
malfunction of the pituitary gland;
polycystic ovary syndrome (an exclusively female disease);
benign neoplasms in the adrenal glands;
diseases of the pancreas.

What might a lower reading level indicate?

A low level sometimes indicates:

type 1 diabetes;
a permanent sedentary lifestyle, especially in men;
problems with the pineal gland;
excessive physical activity (especially on an empty stomach);
daily consumption of excessive amounts of sugar and starchy foods;
severe nervous tension;
chronic course of an infectious disease.

Insulin resistance index and why it is carried out

The Insulin Resistance Index is a specific test that is performed to detect insulin resistance. Before passing it, unnecessary physical activity is excluded so that the resulting index after testing is not distorted. Insulin resistance - violation biological response in the tissues of the body for insulin received from the outside or produced inside.

To get the indicators of this index, you need to inject insulin intravenously on an empty stomach at the rate of 0.1 unit per 1 kilogram of body weight. After the introduction of the substance, it is necessary to measure the glucose level in the body every minute for fifteen minutes (short test). Alternatively, you can measure the glucose level every 5 minutes for 40 minutes from the moment the drug was administered intravenously.

A long test option is to measure your glucose every 10 minutes for an hour. Testing is possible for everyone, including men and children. Suspected insulin resistance can be caused by the following factors:

obesity or intense fat deposition in the abdominal region (waist, sides and abdomen);
detection of protein in urine analysis;
chronically high blood pressure;
poor levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.

The most obvious symptom of all is fat deposition in the waist and abdomen. Knowing your insulin resistance index will help you avoid many health problems in the future. The insulin resistance index is recommended for everyone after 40 years of age, especially men, because they are genetically prone to abdominal obesity. Moreover, after 40, physical activity in people sharply decreases.

gormonoff.com

Often, doctors prescribe a blood test for insulin levels to analyze the functioning of the pancreas. Insulin refers to hormones which are necessary for the cells of the body to function properly. Insulin is the main supplier of glucose, amino acids and potassium to the cells. This hormone also maintains the carbohydrate balance in the body, and therefore plays an essential role in the metabolic process.

Insulin is produced in pancreas, the process of insulin synthesis is especially active when the level of glucose in the blood rises. Taking away excess glucose, insulin distributes it to adipose or muscle tissues. Once in fat cells, glucose accumulates and turns into fat, and in muscle tissue it is converted into energy necessary for the body to function. In short, insulin ensures the correct distribution and transport of glucose.

Insulin rate for women and men do not differ significantly, it may fluctuate somewhat for certain reasons. So, the normal figure for a healthy adult is from 3.0 to 25.0 μU / ml, on condition correct delivery appropriate analysis. Namely, the level of insulin is correctly determined only on an empty stomach, because food provokes the active production of this hormone.

In women, insulin readings may differ in several reasons:

- in girls during puberty, the indications may fluctuate depending on the type of food;
- in young women, the numbers may differ from the norm when taking hormonal drugs and depending on the amount of carbohydrates consumed
- in pregnant women, the level of insulin in the blood is always higher than the usual norm (up to 27.0 μU / ml), since the body needs more energy during this period.

Excessive insulin levels in women and men in the test results may indicate the following diseases: type II diabetes mellitus, muscular dystrophy, obesity, acromegaly and liver damage. A decrease in the concentration of the hormone insulin can be observed due to prolonged physical activity or in the presence of type I diabetes mellitus.

Deviations in the norms of insulin in the body can be felt in the presence of certain signs:

Increased performance:

- feeling of thirst
- increased fatigue and weakness
- frequent urge to urinate
- disturbing itching

Reduced indicators:

- sensation constant hunger
- pallor of the skin
- tremor
- cardiopalmus
- fainting
- increased sweating.

Especially important monitor insulin readings people suffering from diabetes. Together with the results of the analysis for sugar, they give general idea the type and phase of the disease. Type I diabetes mellitus is characterized by a slight lack of insulin in the body and tissue resistance to the action of this hormone. In people with type II, there is a complete deficiency of insulin and destruction of the cells that produce it.

It is important for women to know that with significant deviations of insulin from the norm, polycystic ovary disease may develop, which may be accompanied by a visual increase in fat deposits on the abdomen.

For the prevention of diseases caused by fluctuations in insulin levels, it is necessary, first of all, to properly organize your diet.

The level of lymphocytes in the blood in women (normal)
Increased hemoglobin in women
Elevated dihydrotestosterone in women
The level of leukocytes in women (normal)
The rate of the hormone estradiol in the blood in women

princessjournal.ru

Fasting insulin rate

Why is insulin measured on an empty stomach? Insulin production is linked to the digestion process. As soon as food enters the body, the pancreas begins its work to produce the hormone, which will falsely affect the analysis in the form of its increased results.

To find out how much insulin is in the blood, you must first take it to a laboratory. Certain medications can affect hormone levels, so this issue should be discussed with your doctor, and if possible, stop taking them 24 hours before the expected date.

For analysis, blood is taken from a vein. A more accurate study is possible in the case of a two-phase delivery of the material:

First, blood is taken in the morning on an empty stomach;
Then the patient drinks glucose in the form of a solution, and after 2 hours the analysis is repeated.

This gives specialists an accurate understanding of the hormone's activity and its behavior in the bloodstream, as well as the capabilities of the pancreas.

The norm of insulin in women ranges from 3 to 20 μU / ml, and during pregnancy its limits shift, where 6-27 μU / ml is considered acceptable.

An increase in insulin in women is noted:

When insulin rises, blood sugar drops sharply, which leads to the following manifestations:

This also happens in people who use insulin-containing medications and have exceeded their dosage.

An increase in insulin leads to harmful consequences for the body. Among them:

Increased blood pressure;
Violation of blood circulation in the brain, due to the loss of elasticity of the arteries;
Wall sealing carotid artery that leads to a loss of common sense with age.

This phenomenon requires urgent therapy, which is prescribed in accordance with the cause of the excessive production of the hormone. If this happened against the background of tumor formation, then the restoration of the norm of insulin will become possible after prompt removal neoplasms.

Attacks that occur against the background of a rise in the level of the hormone can be weakened by immediately eating something sweet, or by injecting a glucose solution.

How to lower insulin? In order to slightly adjust the insulin level (with a slight deviation), patients are assigned special diet and physical activity.

As for food, in this case it should be no more than three times during the day. You can even skip lunch occasionally and allow your body to rebalance itself. Stop eating completely once a week for 24 hours. You need to be careful in choosing products, because
The main goal of the diet is to reduce carbohydrate intake. There should be no more than 150 grams of such products per day. For this reason, bananas, melons and grapes are completely excluded. The basis of nutrition should be:

Oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
Curd (not sweet);
Low-fat dairy and fermented milk products;
A fish;
Eggs;
Bran;
Vegetables;
Seasonal fruits, except for the previously listed items.

You also need to take care of your psycho-emotional state, and reduce the presence of stressful situations.

In addition, you can use the proposed folk remedies.

Recipe number 1

Corn stigma - 100 grams;

Water - 300 milliliters.

Pour raw materials with water, boil and continue to cook for half an hour on low heat. Drink half a glass of broth half an hour before the main meal (2-3 times a day).

Recipe number 2

Dry yeast - 2 tablespoons;

Hot water - 1 glass.

Pour boiling water over the yeast, let it brew, and drink every time after the main meal.

medportal.net

Be sure to read other articles:

Diabetic ketoacidosis what is it How to donate blood for sugar