How are diabetes diets formulated? Proper nutrition for diabetes for every day Diabetes mellitus diet products

Benefit and harm

The health benefits and harms of foods and herbs, healthy recipes and advice

home

An endocrine disease can cause viruses that destroy pancreatic cells. Such diseases include chicken pox, rubella, hepatitis, etc. In people who have suffered these diseases, the risk of getting diabetes increases significantly. One of the reasons is heredity. According to statistics, the number of diabetic patients among relatives is much higher. increased appetite is also dangerous to health - from obesity there is a risk of this disease. Also, the causes of the disease are alcohol abuse, physical or nervous and psychological trauma.

Diabetes is divided into 2 distinct types: insulin-dependent, which is designated by group 1, and not dependent on insulin injections, group 2. If group 1 can appear even in a newborn, then type 2 diabetics can live more calmly, they do not need, as in the first case, insulin injections. They develop their own, but due to malfunctions in the pancreas, these people are forced to eat properly and fractionally, control sugar and, if necessary, drink sugar-reducing drugs. Type 2 diabetes is more common in older people.

Symptoms

You should consult a doctor if you experience the following symptoms:

you got constant feeling thirst.
I started losing weight with a normal diet.
Often a feeling of fatigue began to appear for no apparent reason.
I started having cramps in my legs.
There were dizziness, nausea, indigestion.
Frequent nighttime urination.
Headaches, boils, pustules in the corners of the eyes, sweating.

Myths and reality

You can often hear ridiculous claims that need to be dispelled.
Diabetes can be contagious: complete nonsense, it is not clear what caused it.
If a child eats a lot of sweets and other sweets, he can get diabetes. Doctors say it's nonsense. If the child does not have a predisposition to diabetes. He will not get it, no matter how many sweets he eats.

Nutrition for diabetes

The diet for type 2 diabetes, so to speak, for the common people, understandable and feasible, plays an important role in the patient's well-being. With proper nutrition, the disease does not threaten human health and will help reduce consumption. medical preparations. To improve the condition, it is necessary to follow a diet and eat fractionally, that is, eat a little every 3-4 hours. All diets for this disease should be individually compiled by the attending physician, since all the features of the disease must be taken into account. There are some foods that diabetics should not take.

We told you what the diet for diabetes mellitus of the second group is for the common people, observe, move, be cheerful, and the disease will not bother you, and life will delight you with bright colors.

The diet for diabetes is great importance, since this disease is associated with a violation of metabolic processes in the body. Its mechanism lies in the fact that it is violated normal functioning the pancreas, as a result of which it begins to produce less insulin, which is responsible for the absorption of sugar by the body. This leads to the fact that the level of sugar in the patient's blood rises, which is called to normalize. medical measures, including diet. In some cases, the diet helps bring sugar back to normal without the use of any medication. However, its observance is also mandatory in cases where the patient takes medication to lower sugar levels or injects insulin.

The approach to the diet in diabetes mellitus should be strictly individual and take into account the severity of the disease, the patient's body weight, his profession, lifestyle, concomitant diseases, the tolerance of the patient's body to certain foods, etc. Also, when choosing a diet, one should be guided by the nature production activities, as it affects the energy expenditure of the patient.

Diet for Diabetes - What Foods to Eat

Patients with diabetes should prefer products containing a large number of vegetable fibers - coarse cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts. Fibrous food is needed not only to lower glucose levels, but also to lower blood cholesterol.

The diabetic menu must contain fruits - lemons, apples (preferably sweet and sour), grapefruits, peaches. daily dose of these products, which should not exceed 200 grams, should be divided into five parts, to prevent a sudden increase in blood sugar levels.

Twice a week you can treat yourself to beef or offal (kidney, liver, heart). Meat dishes are necessary in order to provide the body with proteins and valuable vitamins found in meat. However, the most the best meat for patients with diabetes is chicken.

Very useful for people with diabetes, fish and seafood dishes.

Also relevant in their diet dairy products in the form of kefir, curdled milk, unsweetened yogurt (up to 2 glasses a day). Cheese, sour cream and cream can sometimes be consumed in small amounts, however, preference should still be given to low-fat dairy products (skim milk, low-fat cheese and yogurt). It is better to refuse the use of cottage cheese, as it contains a lot of carbohydrates.

As for eggs, it is better to use protein, as the yolk can provoke an increase in cholesterol levels.

You can eat all vegetables with a small amount of starch and carbohydrates.

Diet for diabetes - what foods should not be eaten

Absolutely no sugar. Of course, it can be difficult to give up sugar completely right away, so it is usually recommended to reduce the sugar content in the diet gradually. You also need to get away from sweets (if this is so difficult, then we advise you to replace them with dark chocolate).

You should also limit the use of easily digestible carbohydrates, the source of which is flour products, muffins, cookies, etc. The diet of diabetic patients may include rye and white wheat bread (preferably protein-wheat and protein-bran bread, which is made from raw gluten; protein bran bread also contains wheat bran).

As already mentioned, vegetables are welcome guests on the table of diabetics, however, vegetables with a high content of starch and carbohydrates (potatoes, carrots, peas, beans, beets) should be avoided. You should also give up sweet fruits, such as bananas, grapes, strawberries.

You should also limit the consumption of fruit juices, as they contain a large amount of carbohydrates. If they are still included in your diet, they should be diluted with water (3 parts juice 1 part water).

Fast food for patients with diabetes is contraindicated. You should also avoid foods containing saturated fat. First of all, this applies to fatty meat, whole dairy products, butter, lard. It is better to give preference to light vegetable fats.

You need to understand that fatty food no less harmful in diabetes than sweet, since increased content fat in the blood leads to the progression of the disease. This is also confirmed by the latest medical research. That is why in the diet of diabetic patients total fats (butter and vegetable oil, lard, cooking fats), should not be more than 40 grams per day. Consumption of other foods containing a large amount of fat, such as fatty meat, sausages, sausage, cheese, sour cream, mayonnaise, should also be minimized.

Diabetes diet - menu examples

When compiling a menu for diabetics, certain principles should be observed. So, gastronomic products (sausage, cheese, salted fish, etc.), as well as cereals, omelettes, boiled eggs should be eaten for breakfast, finishing it with hot drinks - tea, coffee, cocoa. For a second breakfast, dishes from vegetables, fruits and eggs are suitable. The most significant traditionally is the lunch menu, which can be represented by cold dishes (salads, vinaigrettes, cold appetizers of meat and fish), soups, second courses of poultry, fish, meat, compotes and jelly. For an afternoon snack, it is better to use sour-milk drinks and bakery products, for dinner - salads, dishes from fish, meat and vegetables, cereals, hot drinks.

Approximate daily menu for diabetes mellitus No. 1

The first breakfast consists of two hard-boiled eggs and boiled meat with stewed zucchini; coffee or tea with milk; butter (10 gr.) and two pieces rye bread.

The second breakfast consists of cheese, stewed eggplant with vegetables and coffee with milk.

Lunch consists of fish pickle soup or meat broth with meatballs; lean fried meat with stewed cabbage; compote of fresh apples or jelly.

An afternoon snack consists of a bran cheesecake with rosehip infusion or tea with lemon.

The first dinner consists of cabbage rolls with meat or marinated cod.

The second dinner consists of curdled milk or an apple.

Approximate daily menu for diabetes mellitus No. 2

The first breakfast consists of beetroot and apple salad; boiled fish; pancakes from zucchini; tea or coffee with milk; butter; black bread.

The second breakfast consists of meatballs in sour cream sauce; tea with lemon.

Lunch consists of fresh cabbage soup or meat broth with two hard-boiled eggs; tomatoes stuffed with meat or fried fish with stewed eggplant; two baked apples or lemon jelly.

The afternoon snack consists of bran cakes with tea or rhubarb infusion.

The first dinner consists of boiled beef with vegetables or baked fish; cauliflower with butter or cottage cheese; tea with lemon or rosehip infusion.

The second dinner consists of kefir or an apple.

Approximate daily menu for diabetes mellitus No. 3

The first breakfast consists of a salad of tomatoes and cucumbers; minced meat steak with stewed cabbage or fried fish with boiled potatoes and cucumber; oatmeal with butter or pumpkin baked in sour cream; coffee or tea with lemon; butter; black bread.

The second breakfast consists of fried zucchini with apples and coffee with cream.

Lunch consists of green cabbage soup with egg and sour cream or meat soup; fried chicken or liver with onions in sour cream with beans or stewed cabbage; cranberry or apple jelly.

An afternoon snack consists of bran biscuits with nuts and tea with lemon or rosehip infusion.

The first dinner consists of beef stroganoff with eggplant.

The second dinner consists of kefir or one apple.

Meals for diabetes should be made whenever possible at the same time, in small portions, up to 6 times a day, in order to prevent overeating.

It is necessary to ensure strict control over weight and ensure such a diet so that the total calorie content of food eaten per day does not exceed 1800 calories per day (this figure can be adjusted based on the age, sex, body weight of the patient). Half of these calories should come from carbohydrates. To control the intake of calories, it is better to buy foods that have an energy value indicated on the packaging.

Pancreas. The main reason for it is overeating and consuming large amounts of fats and carbohydrates. This forces the pancreas to “work to the limit”, which is subjected to a “carbohydrate attack”. When sugar levels rise after a meal, iron increases the release of insulin. The disease is based on disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: a violation of the absorption of glucose by tissues and its increased formation from fats and glycogen .

The most common is type 2 diabetes , which develops more often in adults over 40 years of age and in the elderly. Especially increases the number of patients after 65 years. Thus, the prevalence of the disease is 8% at the age of 60 years and reaches 23% at 80 years of age. In the elderly, reduced physical activity, decreased muscle mass, which utilizes glucose, and abdominal obesity exacerbate existing insulin resistance. In old age, glucose metabolism is determined by the sensitivity of tissues to insulin and the secretion of this hormone. Insulin resistance is more pronounced in the elderly with overweight, and reduced secretion dominates in non-obese individuals, which allows for a differentiated approach to treatment. A feature of the disease at this age is an asymptomatic course until complications appear.

This form of diabetes is more common in women and is more likely to occur with age. The overall prevalence of the disease among women aged 56-64 years is 60-70% higher than among men. And it is connected with hormonal disorders- the onset of menopause and a lack of estrogen activates a cascade of reactions and metabolic disorders, which is accompanied by weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance, and the occurrence of dyslipidemia.

The development of the disease can be represented by the scheme: overweight - increased insulin resistance - increased sugar levels - increased insulin production - increased insulin resistance. It turns out like this vicious circle, and a person, not knowing this, consumes carbohydrates, reduces his physical activity and gets fat every year. Beta cells work to the bone, and the body stops responding to the signal that insulin sends.

The symptoms of diabetes are quite typical: dry mouth, constant thirst urge to urinate, fast fatiguability, fatigue, unexplained weight loss. most main characteristic disease is hyperglycemia - high sugar in blood. Another characteristic symptom is the feeling of hunger in diabetes mellitus (polyphagia) and is caused by glucose starvation of cells. Even after a good breakfast, the patient feels hungry in an hour.

Increased appetite is explained by the fact that glucose, which serves as a “fuel” for tissues, does not enter them. Responsible for delivering glucose to cells insulin , which in patients is either not enough, or the tissues are not receptive to it. As a result, glucose does not enter the cells, but enters the blood and accumulates. Cells deprived of nutrition send a signal to the brain, stimulating the hypothalamus, and a person develops a feeling of hunger. At frequent seizures polyphagia, we can talk about labile diabetes, which is characterized by a large amplitude of glucose fluctuations during the day (0.6 - 3.4 g / l). It is dangerous for development ketoacidosis and .

At diabetes insipidus e, associated with disorders in the central nervous system, there are similar symptoms (increased thirst, an increase in the amount of urine excreted up to 6 liters, dry skin, weight loss), but there is no main symptom - an increase in blood sugar.

Foreign authors tend to believe that the diet of patients receiving replacement therapy should not limit simple carbohydrates. However, domestic medicine retains the same approach to the treatment of this disease. Proper nutrition in diabetes mellitus is a therapeutic factor in initial stage diseases, the main point in diabetes against the background of taking oral hypoglycemic drugs and necessary for insulin-dependent diabetes.

What diet should patients follow? They are assigned or its varieties. This diet food normalizes carbohydrate metabolism(allows you to reduce blood sugar and stabilize it at a level close to normal, and prevents disorders of fat metabolism. The principles of diet therapy of this table are based on a sharp restriction or exclusion of simple carbohydrates and the inclusion complex carbohydrates up to 300 g per day.

The amount of proteins - within physiological norm. The amount of carbohydrates is adjusted by the doctor depending on the degree of sugar increase, the weight of the patient and concomitant diseases.

Diet for type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes develops after age 40 and is usually associated with being overweight. One of essential conditions effective treatment is to conduct self-monitoring, which allows you to maintain normal level blood sugar. This is reliable remedy prevention of diabetic complications. Treatment for type 2 diabetes begins with diet therapy, which manages to normalize weight and control sugar levels.

What should be the diet for type 2 diabetics? Usually, with normal weight, the main one is prescribed with a calorie content of up to 2500 kcal and an amount of carbohydrates of 275-300 g, which is distributed by the doctor between bread, cereals and vegetables.

Preference is given to products with a minimum glycemic index, high content vegetable fibers and preferably uncooked or minimally processed. The main table is indicated for permanent use in type 2 diabetes of mild and medium degree severity in patients with normal weight.

Nutrition in the presence of obesity is of great importance, since weight loss has a positive effect on the course of the disease. For obesity, varieties are prescribed - reduced diets (with reduced calorie content) containing 225 g, 150 g or 100 g of carbohydrates per day.

First of all, the 9th diet for type 2 diabetes excludes the use of easily digestible carbohydrates, which are quickly and easily absorbed (after 15 minutes), sharply increase sugar and do not create a feeling of satiety:

sugar;
jams, preserves, marmalade;
confectionery;
syrups;
ice cream;
White bread;
sweet vegetables and fruits, dried fruits;
pasta.

There are restrictions on the use of:

potatoes, as a highly starchy product;
beets, which have a high glycemic index;
bread, cereals, corn, pasta and soy products.

For weight loss, the calorie content of the diet is reduced to 1700 kcal by limiting carbohydrates to 120 g per day, with a norm of protein (110 g) and fat (70 g). Recommended unloading days. In addition to the above recommendations, high-calorie foods are excluded:

oils (butter and vegetable), sour cream, margarine, mayonnaise, spreads;
lard, sausages, sausages, sausages, smoked meats, fatty meat and fish, chicken with skin, canned food in oil;
fatty cheeses, cottage cheese, cream;
nuts, seeds, pastries, mayonnaise, alcoholic beverages.

The consumption of vegetables in the form of side dishes is increasing:

eggplant;
cucumbers;
cauliflower;
leafy greens;
red lettuce pepper (high content of vitamins);
turnip, radish;
pumpkin, zucchini and squash, which favorably affect carbohydrate metabolism.

The diet should be varied, but contain fewer calories. This is doable if more high-calorie foods (for example, sausages or sausages) are replaced with an equal amount of boiled lean meat, and butter in a sandwich - on a cucumber or tomato. Thus, the feeling of hunger is satisfied, and you have consumed fewer calories.

With non-insulin-dependent diabetes, you need to reduce the consumption of foods that contain "hidden fats" (sausages, sausages, nuts, seeds, sausages, cheeses). With these products, we quietly get a large number of calories. Since fats are high in calories, even a tablespoon of vegetable oil added to a salad will negate your weight loss efforts. 100 g of seeds or nuts contain up to 600 kcal, but we do not consider them food. A piece of high-fat cheese (more than 40%) is much more nutritious than a piece of bread.

Since carbohydrates must be present in the diet, slowly absorbed carbohydrates with a high content should be included. dietary fiber: vegetables, legumes, wholemeal bread, whole grains. Sugar substitutes can be used xylitol , stevia, fructose or sorbitol) and count them into total carbohydrates. Xylitol is equivalent to ordinary sugar in terms of sweetness, so its dose is 30 g. Fructose is enough for 1 tsp. to add to tea. It is worth giving preference to the natural sweetener stevia.

It is very important for patients to know the glycemic index (GI) of all foods. When eating foods with a high GI, hyperglycemia appears, and this causes an increased production of insulin . Foods with medium and low GI are broken down gradually and almost do not cause an increase in sugar. You need to choose fruits and vegetables with an index of up to 55: apricots, cherry plums, grapefruits, lingonberries, cranberries, peaches, apples, plums, sea buckthorn, red currants, cherries, gooseberries, cucumbers, broccoli, green pea, cauliflower, milk, cashews, almonds, peanuts, soybeans, beans, peas, lentils, lettuce. They are allowed to be used limited quantity(fruits no more than 200 g per serving). It must be remembered that heat treatment raises GI. Proteins and fats reduce it, so the nutrition of patients should be mixed.

The basis of nutrition should be vegetables and low-fat foods. An exemplary diet includes:

Fresh vegetable salads, boiled or baked vegetables. Try to limit beets and potatoes (you can completely exclude).
Lean meat and boiled fish, since the calorie content of fried foods increases by 1.3 times.
coarse bread, moderate amount cereals (rice and wheat groats are excluded).
Low-fat dairy products.

Sugar is eliminated mild degree diseases, and on the background of insulin therapy of moderate and severe disease, the use of 20-30 g of sugar per day is allowed. Thus, the doctor's dietary therapy varies depending on the severity of the disease, weight, intensity of work of the patient and age.

Patients are also advised to increase physical activity. Physical exercise are required because they increase the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, reducing insulin resistance, as well as lower blood pressure and reduce blood atherogenicity. The load regimen is selected individually, taking into account concomitant diseases and the severity of complications. by the most the best option for all ages there will be walks for an hour daily or every other day. Proper nutrition and an active lifestyle will help fight increased hunger.

Diet for type 1 diabetes

This form of diabetes is more common at a young age and in children, a feature of which is a sudden onset with acute metabolic disorders (acidosis , ketosis , dehydration ). It has been established that the occurrence of this type of diabetes is not associated with a nutritional factor, but is due to the destruction of pancreatic b-cells, which leads to an absolute deficiency of insulin, impaired glucose utilization, and a decrease in the synthesis of proteins and fats. All patients need lifelong insulin therapy, if the dose is insufficient, ketoacidosis and diabetic coma develop. No less important is the fact that the disease leads to disability and high mortality due to micro- and macroangiopathic complications.

Diet in type 1 diabetes is no different from normal healthy eating and it has an increased amount of simple carbohydrates. The patient is free to choose the menu, especially with intensive insulin therapy. Now almost all experts believe that you can eat everything except sugar and grapes, but you need to know how much and when you can eat. Strictly speaking, the diet comes down to correctly calculating the amount of carbohydrates in foods. There are several important rules: no more than 7 bread units can be consumed at a time and sweet drinks (tea with sugar, lemonade, sweet juices) are categorically excluded.

Difficulties lie in the correct calculation of bread units and determining the need for insulin. All carbohydrates are measured in bread units and their amount taken with food at one time is summed up. One XE corresponds to 12 g of carbohydrates and is contained in 25 g of bread - hence the name. A special table has been compiled on the grain units contained in different products and it can accurately calculate the amount of carbohydrates consumed.

When compiling the menu, you can change products without exceeding the amount of carbohydrates prescribed by the doctor. For processing 1 XE, you may need 2-2.5 units of insulin for breakfast, 1.5-2 units for lunch, 1-1.5 units for dinner. When compiling a diet, it is important not to consume more than 25 XE per day. If you want to eat more, you will need to inject additional insulin. When using short insulin, the amount of XE should be divided into 3 main and 3 additional intake food.

One XE is contained in two tablespoons of any porridge. Three spoons of pasta are equal to four spoons of rice or buckwheat porridge and two slices of bread and all contain 2 XE. The more the foods are boiled, the faster they are absorbed and the sugar will rise faster. Peas, lentils and beans can be ignored, since 1 XE is contained in 7 tablespoons of these legumes. Vegetables win in this regard: one XE contains 400 g of cucumbers, 350 g of lettuce, 240 g of cauliflower, 210 g of tomatoes, 330 g fresh mushrooms, 200 g green peppers, 250 g spinach, 260 g sauerkraut, 100 g carrots and 100 g beets.

Before you eat sweets, you need to learn how to use an adequate dose of insulin. Those patients who can control blood sugar several times a day, know how to count the amount of XE and, accordingly, change the dose of insulin, can allow sweets. It is necessary to control the level of sugar before and after taking sugary foods and evaluate the adequate dose of insulin.

Number Diets 9B is indicated for patients with severe disease receiving large doses of insulin, and it is distinguished by an increased content of carbohydrates (400-450 g) - more bread, cereals, potatoes, vegetables and fruits are allowed. Slightly increases the amount of proteins and fats. The diet is close in composition to the general table, 20-30 g of sugar and sweeteners are allowed.

If the patient receives insulin in the morning and afternoon, then 70% of carbohydrates should be in these meals. After an injection of insulin, you need to eat twice - after 15 minutes and after 3 hours, when its maximum effect is noted. Therefore, with insulin-dependent diabetes, fractional nutrition is of great importance: second breakfast and afternoon snack should be done 2.5-3 hours after the main meal and it must necessarily contain carbohydrate foods (porridge, fruits, potatoes, fruit juices, bread, cookies with bran ). When administering insulin in the evening before dinner, some food should be left overnight to prevent hypoglycemic reactions. The menu for the week for diabetics will be presented below.

The two largest studies have convincingly proven the benefits of controlling carbohydrate metabolism in terms of preventing the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications. If the sugar level long time exceeds the norm, then develop various complications:, fatty degeneration of the liver, but the most formidable - diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage).

Approved Products

The basis of the diet is fresh vegetables: cucumbers, cabbage, tomatoes, eggplants, bell peppers, onions, herbs, mushrooms, lemons, cranberries, sauerkraut, garlic, asparagus beans. Vegetables are used raw or stewed. Rarely for a side dish you need to choose boiled or baked potatoes in their skins. French fries and croquettes are not acceptable as they are cooked with fat.
Potatoes are allowed with a restriction and most often up to 200 g in all dishes. You need to remember the high content of carbohydrates in carrots and beets and include them in the diet is limited. Sometimes you can enter rice, legumes, pasta.
Preference is given to products with a high fiber content (vegetable fibers reduce the ability of starch to increase sugar): bakery products from wholemeal flour, grain and bran bread. Provided for the use of rye bread and bran up to 200 g per day. However, there is no difference between white and black bread. The same can be said about buckwheat, which is not much different from other cereals.
The absorption of starch facilitates grinding, kneading and long-term processing, so its sugar-boosting effect can be reduced if the products are not crushed and boiled. To do this, cook the potatoes whole in their skins, and choose large-grain cereals for cereals, do not overcook them.
First courses can be cooked in meat or vegetable broth. Preference should be given to vegetable soups, okroshka, mushroom soup. Potatoes in first courses may be limited.
Lean meats and chicken are allowed. All meat dishes should be cooked boiled or baked, which reduces the calorie content of dishes. From the fish you need to choose dietary varieties: pike perch, pollock, pike, cod, hake, navaga. Give preference to fish and seafood, not meat.
The amount of cereal is limited by the norm - usually 8-10 tablespoons. It can be buckwheat, barley, barley, whole oatmeal. If you have used pasta (occasionally), then you need to reduce the amount of bread. Legumes (lentils) are allowed.
Low-fat sour-milk drinks, milk and semi-fat cottage cheese should be in the diet daily. Cheeses with a fat content of not more than 30% can be consumed in small quantities, low-fat sour cream is added only to dishes. It should be noted that milk also belongs to carbohydrate-containing products (they contain milk sugar), but it does not cause such a pronounced increase in sugar, since lactose absorption is inhibited by milk proteins and fats.
Eggs can be eaten once a day (3-4 per week) - soft-boiled or in the form of an omelette.
A variety of vegetable oils in the amount of 1 tbsp. l. (for the whole day) you need to add to ready meals.
Fruits and berries contain simple carbohydrates, but at the same time contain fiber, which inhibits their absorption. They should be consumed raw, not juices, which are absorbed very quickly. The recommended fruit is grapefruit. Apples, oranges, tangerines are used to a limited extent. If you want to make compote, then it is prepared without sugar, you can sweeten it with sorbitol. Sweet fruits should be avoided: grapes, pears, plums, and dried fruits.
Drinks are used unsweetened or with sugar substitutes: coffee with milk, tea, vegetable juices. Useful herbal teas for which it is recommended to use blueberry shoots, bean pods, strawberry leaves, nettle, rosehip, hazel leaf, dandelion roots and leaves, or ready-made antidiabetic drug preparations.
You can use sweets, waffles, cookies for diabetics. But in this case, there should be a norm - 1-2 sweets once or twice a week.

Table of allowed products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
zucchini	0,6	0,3	4,6	24
cabbage	1,8	0,1	4,7	27
sauerkraut	1,8	0,1	4,4	19
cauliflower	2,5	0,3	5,4	30
cucumbers	0,8	0,1	2,8	15
radish	1,2	0,1	3,4	19
tomatoes	0,6	0,2	4,2	20
pumpkin	1,3	0,3	7,7	28
Fruits
apricots	0,9	0,1	10,8	41
watermelon	0,6	0,1	5,8	25
cherry	0,8	0,5	11,3	52
pears	0,4	0,3	10,9	42
nectarine	0,9	0,2	11,8	48
peaches	0,9	0,1	11,3	46
plums	0,8	0,3	9,6	42
apples	0,4	0,4	9,8	47
Berries
cowberry	0,7	0,5	9,6	43
blackberry	2,0	0,0	6,4	31
raspberry	0,8	0,5	8,3	46
currant	1,0	0,4	7,5	43
Cereals and cereals
buckwheat (ground)	12,6	3,3	62,1	313
oat groats	12,3	6,1	59,5	342
corn grits	8,3	1,2	75,0	337
pearl barley	9,3	1,1	73,7	320
millet groats	11,5	3,3	69,3	348
barley grits	10,4	1,3	66,3	324
Bakery products
Rye bread	6,6	1,2	34,2	165
bread with bran	7,5	1,3	45,2	227
doctor's loaves	8,2	2,6	46,3	242
whole grain bread	10,1	2,3	57,1	295
Confectionery
crackers diabetic	10,5	5,7	73,1	388
Raw materials and seasonings
xylitol	0,0	0,0	97,9	367
honey	0,8	0,0	81,5	329
fructose	0,0	0,0	99,8	399
Milk products
milk	3,2	3,6	4,8	64
kefir	3,4	2,0	4,7	51
sour cream 15% (low fat)	2,6	15,0	3,0	158
curdled milk	2,9	2,5	4,1	53
acidophilus	2,8	3,2	3,8	57
yogurt	4,3	2,0	6,2	60
Cheese and cottage cheese
cottage cheese 0.6% (low fat)	18,0	0,6	1,8	88
cottage cheese 1.8% (low fat)	18,0	1,8	3,3	101
cottage cheese 5%	17,2	5,0	1,8	121
Meat products
beef	18,9	19,4	0,0	187
beef tongue	13,6	12,1	0,0	163
veal	19,7	1,2	0,0	90
rabbit	21,0	8,0	0,0	156
Bird
hen	16,0	14,0	0,0	190
turkey	19,2	0,7	0,0	84
Eggs
chicken eggs	12,7	10,9	0,7	157
Fish and seafood
herring	16,3	10,7	-	161
Oils and fats
butter	0,5	82,5	0,8	748
corn oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
olive oil	0,0	99,8	0,0	898
sunflower oil	0,0	99,9	0,0	899
Soft drinks
mineral water	0,0	0,0	0,0	-
coffee	0,2	0,0	0,3	2
instant chicory	0,1	0,0	2,8	11
black tea without sugar	0,1	0,0	0,0	-
Juices and compotes
carrot juice	1,1	0,1	6,4	28
plum juice	0,8	0,0	9,6	39
tomato juice	1,1	0,2	3,8	21
pumpkin juice	0,0	0,0	9,0	38
rosehip juice	0,1	0,0	17,6	70
Apple juice	0,4	0,4	9,8	42

Wholly or partially restricted products

Pastries, sweet desserts, honey, confectionery, jams and jams are excluded (you can prepare blanks for xylitol ), sugar, ice cream, curd mass, sweet curds, sweet juices, sweet drinks, beer.
Flour products (dumplings, dumplings, pancakes, pies).
Sweet fruits and dried fruits: raisins, dried apricots, bananas, dates, figs, grapes, pineapple, persimmon, apricot, melon.
Semolina and pasta.
You can not eat fatty broths and fatty meat, fatty sauces, smoked meats, bacon, ham, sausages and cream. Limited liver, egg yolks, honey are allowed.
It is better to give up fried foods, eating spicy and too salty foods, spicy sauces.

Limit:

Potato, wheat groats, White rice.
Beets and carrots.
The consumption of fats, even vegetable, is reduced as much as possible.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
beet	1,5	0,1	8,8	40
horseradish	3,2	0,4	10,5	56
Fruits
apricots	0,9	0,1	10,8	41
pineapples	0,4	0,2	10,6	49
bananas	1,5	0,2	21,8	95
melon	0,6	0,3	7,4	33
mango	0,5	0,3	11,5	67
Berries
grape	0,6	0,2	16,8	65
Nuts and dried fruits
raisin	2,9	0,6	66,0	264
dried figs	3,1	0,8	57,9	257
dates	2,5	0,5	69,2	274
Cereals and cereals
semolina	10,3	1,0	73,3	328
rice	6,7	0,7	78,9	344
sago	1,0	0,7	85,0	350
Flour and pasta
pasta	10,4	1,1	69,7	337
noodles	12,0	3,7	60,1	322
Bakery products
wheat bread	8,1	1,0	48,8	242
Confectionery
jam	0,3	0,2	63,0	263
candies	4,3	19,8	67,5	453
confectionery cream	0,2	26,0	16,5	300
Ice cream
ice cream	3,7	6,9	22,1	189
Chocolate
chocolate	5,4	35,3	56,5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
mustard	5,7	6,4	22,0	162
mayonnaise	2,4	67,0	3,9	627
sugar	0,0	0,0	99,7	398
Milk products
baked milk	3,0	6,0	4,7	84
cream	2,8	20,0	3,7	205
sour cream 25% (classic)	2,6	25,0	2,5	248
sour cream 30%	2,4	30,0	3,1	294
fermented baked milk 6%	5,0	6,0	4,1	84
airan (tan)	1,1	1,5	1,4	24
fruit yoghurt 3.2%	5,0	3,2	8,5	85
Cheese and cottage cheese
glazed cheese	8,5	27,8	32,0	407
curd	7,1	23,0	27,5	341
Meat products
salo	2,4	89,0	0,0	797
Bird
smoked chicken	27,5	8,2	0,0	184
smoked duck	19,0	28,4	0,0	337
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26,8	9,9	0,0	196
canned fish	17,5	2,0	0,0	88
sardine in oil	24,1	13,9	-	221
cod (liver in oil)	4,2	65,7	1,2	613
Oils and fats
animal fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
culinary fat	0,0	99,7	0,0	897
Soft drinks
lemonade	0,0	0,0	6,4	26
pepsi	0,0	0,0	8,7	38
Juices and compotes
the grape juice	0,3	0,0	14,0	54

* data are per 100 g of product

Menu (Power Mode)

The diet should include up to 60% carbohydrates, 25% fats and 25% proteins. In the nutrition menu for diabetics, the amount of carbohydrates should be evenly distributed, which is determined by the doctor for each patient individually. The daily menu needs to be adjusted taking into account the allowed amount of carbohydrates and calories, which must be counted daily.

The diet provides for 5-6 meals, small in volume. This is due to the fact that hypoglycemic drugs act for 24 hours, and in order to avoid hypoglycemia , you need to eat often and preferably at the same hours.

An approximate diet for each day may include: bread - 150 g, cereals - 50 g, potatoes - 70 g, other vegetables 550 g, meat - 110-130 g, eggs - 1-2 pieces, milk and sour-milk drinks 400-500 g, apples - 200 g, butter - 10 g, cottage cheese - 150 g, vegetable oil - 2 g, sour cream - 10 g, xylitol - 30 g. One serving of soup - 0.25 l.

Below is a menu according to generally accepted recommendations. diet food. When compiling a menu for a week for yourself, try to diversify it more and include your favorite vegetables and fruits, meat and fish dishes, the allowed amount of sweeteners in jelly, drinks and casseroles. The menu for type 1 diabetes may look like this:

Recipes

Diet meals should be low in calories, and foods such as mushrooms, leafy greens, cabbage, cucumbers, radishes, lemons, grapefruits, bell peppers, eggplants, onions, and garlic have almost no effect on sugar levels. Therefore, they can be included in food recipes when diabetes mellitus 2 type. From vegetables, you can cook puddings, meatballs, casseroles, cabbage rolls, cucumbers, tomatoes and zucchini can be stuffed with meat, eggs, spinach.

Considering that many people have comorbidities of the gastrointestinal tract, the most the best way cooking for the sick will be steaming, boiling or baking. Since dishes should be less high-calorie, frying and baking with oil is completely excluded. The taste of unsalted food can be improved with various seasonings: dill, cumin, marjoram, thyme, basil, onion, garlic, lemon juice.

First meal

Borscht with prunes and mushrooms

Mushroom broth, tomato paste, mushrooms, beets, cabbage, carrots, roots, onions, potatoes, herbs, prunes, salt.

Wash dried mushrooms and leave for 3 hours to swell, then boil until tender. The broth is filtered and used to make borscht. Potatoes, white roots are lowered into the broth. Beets, carrots, onions are sautéed with the addition of tomato paste and add to potatoes. 5 minutes before readiness, chopped cabbage and chopped mushrooms are introduced, salted. Separately, boiled prunes, sour cream and greens are added to the plate.

Mixed vegetable soup

Broth, onion, carrot, vegetable oil, different types cabbage, potatoes, bell peppers, green beans, greens.

First, dip the potatoes into the boiling broth, after 10 minutes add carrots, cabbage and green beans. In a frying pan with oil, add the onion and send it to the vegetables, bring to readiness. Sprinkle the finished soup with herbs.

Braised cabbage with apples

Vegetable oil, onion, peeled apples, cabbage, 1 tbsp. lemon juice, salt pepper.

Heat vegetable oil in a saucepan. Add onions, shredded cabbage and apples. Simmer until cooked, at the end salt, pepper and add lemon juice.

Hake baked in sour cream

Hake, vegetable oil, onion, sour cream, salt, herbs.

Cut the fish into portions and place on a baking sheet. Put onion rings on top, salt, pepper, drizzle with oil and brush with a small amount of sour cream. Bake 20 min. Serve with lettuce and tomatoes.

desserts

Cottage cheese and pumpkin casserole

Pumpkin, cottage cheese, egg, sour cream, semolina, xylitol, butter.

Prepare the pumpkin by cutting it into cubes. Mix cottage cheese, butter, sour cream, egg, xylitol and semolina. Then add pumpkin. Put the curd-pumpkin mass into a mold and bake in the oven.

During pregnancy and lactation

Separately allocated gestational diabetes found during pregnancy. It does not develop in all pregnant women, but only in those who have genetic predisposition. Its cause is reduced sensitivity of tissues to insulin (the so-called insulin resistance) and it is associated with a high content of hormones. Some ( , lactogen , ) have a blocking effect on insulin - this "counter-insulin" effect appears at the 20-24th week of pregnancy.

After delivery, most often carbohydrate metabolism is normalized. However, there is a risk of developing diabetes. Hyperglycemia is dangerous for mother and child: the possibility of miscarriage, complications in childbirth, pyelonephritis in a woman, complications from the fundus of the eye, so the woman will have to strictly monitor her diet.

Simple carbohydrates are excluded and complex carbohydrates are limited. It is necessary to exclude sugary drinks, sweets, pastries, cakes, white bread, bananas, grapes, dried fruits, sweet juices. Eat foods containing a large amount of fiber (vegetables, unsweetened fruits, bran), which slows down the flow of glucose into the blood.
In small quantities, women should have pasta and potatoes in their diet.
Fatty and fried foods are excluded, it is recommended to abandon semi-finished products, sausages, smoked meats.
You need to eat every two hours (3 main meals and 2 additional). After dinner, if there is a feeling of hunger, you can drink 150 g of kefir or eat a small apple.
Cooking food for a couple, you can stew or bake.
Drink up to 1.5 liters of liquid.
During the day, measure the level of sugar after meals.

Compliance with these recommendations is necessary after childbirth for 2-3 months. After that, you should examine your blood sugar and consult an endocrinologist. If, after childbirth, fasting sugar is still high, then diabetes mellitus is diagnosed, which was hidden, and appeared for the first time during pregnancy.

Diabetes- disease endocrine system associated with a lack of insulin in the body.

As a result, the content of glucose in the blood increases, which leads to metabolic disorders and gradual damage to almost all functional systems in the human body. The disease is divided into type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Today, the issues of nutrition and diet in diabetes mellitus of any type are an extremely serious topic that is raised by every patient after a diagnosis of the disease has been made.

In general, proper nutrition in diabetes should be observed every day, since without a diet, a person’s health will deteriorate.

Diet is essential for people with any type of diabetes, but nutritional recommendations differ for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. With the latter, reducing excess body weight through diet may be the only measure of therapeutic effect.

The type of diabetes mellitus is determined by the endocrinologist who treats you.

For type 1 diabetes: Proper nutrition is a necessary background for insulin therapy. If you do not pay attention to it, all efforts to reduce blood sugar will be in vain: this indicator does not stabilize, and this affects the condition of the vessels of all organs and systems.
Type 2 diabetes: not always needed drug therapy. First, the patient is recommended a diet that will help reduce weight. With good dynamics in this case, drugs may not be required at all.

General tips to help reduce blood sugar:

Cut down on soft drinks, lemonade, and juices. Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases the risk of developing diabetes by about 15%. When drinking tea and coffee, reduce the amount of cream and sweeteners.
Try to choose unsweetened foods, such as unsweetened iced tea, yogurt, or unsweetened oat flakes. You can sweeten food to your liking. Most likely, in this case, you will add much less sugar to your food than the manufacturing company.
Replace your favorite sweets with healthier foods. Instead of ice cream, crush frozen bananas and beat the mixture with a mixer for a wonderful dessert. Instead of your favorite milk chocolate, it is better to eat a piece of dark chocolate.

It is especially important to follow a diet when easy course diabetes, since it is practically the main method of treatment.

Differences in diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

For the sick type 1 diabetes a low-calorie diet (25–30 kcal per 1 kg of body weight) is required to prevent late complications of the disease. In this case, the diet is extremely important, it must be strictly observed. The main thing to pay attention to when compiling a diet is the balance of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Sick type 2 diabetes a subcaloric diet is prescribed (daily energy value of food is 1600–1800 kcal). On such a diet, patients should lose about 300–400 g of body weight per week. In the presence of severe overweight, the daily number of calories decreases according to the percentage of excess body weight to 15–17 kcal per 1 kg.

Nutrition Basics

In every individual case doctor prescribes to a diabetic patient special diet which must be adhered to in order to maintain the body in good condition.

Starting to eat right, follow simple rules every day:

It is necessary to take food during the day 5-6 times in small portions (every 2-3 hours).
The ratio of proteins, carbohydrates and fats should be balanced.
The amount of calories received from food should be equal to the energy consumption of the patient.
A person should receive proper nutrition: certain vegetables and fruits, cereals, dietary meat and fish, natural juices no added sugar, dairy products, soups.

The food of a diabetic patient should be rich in vitamins, therefore it is useful to introduce vitamin carriers into the diet: baker's yeast, beer yeast, rosehip broth, SPP, dietary supplements.

Daily dietary guidelines for diabetics

With diabetes, you can eat the following foods:

Bread - up to 200 grams per day, mostly black or special diabetic.
Soups are cooked on vegetable broth, the use of weak meat and fish broths is permissible 1-2 times a week.
Dishes from meat products and poultry. In diabetes mellitus, patients are allowed to eat boiled beef, chicken, and rabbit meat.
Vegetables and greens. Potatoes, beets, carrots are recommended to consume no more than 200 grams per day. But other vegetables (cabbage, lettuce, radishes, cucumbers, zucchini, tomatoes) and greens (except spicy) can be consumed almost without restrictions in raw and boiled form, occasionally in baked.
Cereals, legumes, as well as pasta products should not be consumed often. If you decide to eat a plate of spaghetti, give up bread and other carbohydrate foods and dishes that day.
Eggs can be consumed no more than 2 pieces per day, adding to other dishes, boiled soft-boiled or in the form of an omelet.
Fruits and berries of sour and sweet and sour varieties (Antonovka apples, oranges, lemons, cranberries, red currants ...) - up to 200-300 grams per day.
Milk - with the permission of a doctor, kefir, yogurt (only 1-2 glasses per day), cottage cheese (50-200 grams per day) in kind or in the form of curds, cheesecakes and puddings.
Cottage cheese is recommended to be consumed daily, up to 100-200 grams per day in its natural form or in the form of cottage cheese, cheesecakes, puddings, casseroles. Cottage cheese, as well as oatmeal and buckwheat porridge, bran, rose hips improve fat metabolism and normalize liver function, prevent fatty changes in the liver.
Tea with milk, weak coffee, tomato juice, fruit and berry juices (up to 5 glasses of liquid with soup a day).

Carefully plan your menu daily and use only healthy and necessary products in your case.

Products under the ban

The diet of patients with diabetes mellitus should be thoughtful, first of all, people who have been diagnosed with this disease must abandon such products:

Sweets, chocolate, confectionery, muffins, jam, honey, ice cream and other sweets;
Spicy, spicy, salty and smoked snacks and dishes, lamb and pork fat;
Pepper, mustard;
Alcoholic drinks;
Grapes, bananas, raisins;
Sugar is allowed only in small quantities with the permission of a doctor.

All products for diabetes should be consumed on schedule, and in order to control blood glucose, the daily menu should contain fiber.

Sample menu for the day

Following a diet for type 2 diabetes, you can stick to a simple menu, alternating in it foods from among the allowed ones.

Example #1:

Breakfast - oatmeal, egg. Bread. Coffee.
Snack - natural yogurt with berries.
Lunch - vegetable soup, chicken breast with salad (beetroot, onion and olive oil) and stewed cabbage. Bread. Compote.
Snack - low-fat cottage cheese. Tea.
Dinner - hake baked in sour cream, vegetable salad(cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs or any other seasonal vegetable) with vegetable oil. Bread. Cocoa.
The second dinner (a few hours before bedtime) is natural yogurt, a baked apple.

Example #2:

Breakfast: cottage cheese 150 gr, buckwheat or oatmeal 150 gr, black bread, unsweetened tea.
Second breakfast: unsweetened compote 250 ml.
Lunch: chicken broth 250 gr, boiled lean meat 75 gr, stewed cabbage - 100 gr, sugar-free jelly - 100 gr, bread, mineral water 250 ml.
Snack - apple 1 pc.
Dinner: stewed vegetables 150 gr, meatballs 100 gr, cabbage schnitzel - 200 gr, bread, unsweetened rosehip broth.
Second dinner: drinking yogurt- 250 ml.

Example #3:

Breakfast: carrot-apple salad - 100 g, fat-free cottage cheese with milk - 150 g Bread with bran - 50 g Tea without sugar - 1 cup. Second breakfast: mineral water - 1 glass, apple.
Lunch: vegetable soup with soy - 200 g, meat goulash - 150 g, vegetable caviar - 50 g. Rye bread - 50 g. Tea with xylitol - 1 cup.
Snack: fruit salad - 100 g. Tea without sugar - 1 cup.
Dinner: fish schnitzel - 150 g, millet milk porridge - 150 g. Bread with bran - 50 g. Tea without sugar - 1 glass. Second dinner: kefir - 1 glass.

Remember: a diabetic should not be hungry. You should eat at the same time, but if a slight hunger occurs between main meals, be sure to muffle it with a cup of tea or vegetables. But it should be just a light snack - overeating is dangerous for a diabetic.

Making a rational menu for diabetics is of great importance in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, since balanced diet will help restore disturbed carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. With the help of a rationally compiled menu, a diabetic will not have to eat monotonous and tasteless meals every day, which will allow him to follow a diet with pleasure.

Features of the diet for diabetes

To normalize the level of glucose and cholesterol in the body, the patient must strictly follow the menu and diet. Include everything in your daily diet nutrients, vitamins and microelements in enough taking into account the age and weight category of the patient. The calorie content of meals should be low so that a person can use up all the energy received from food during the day. This will help remove overweight and reduce stress on the pancreas.

For a diabetic, it is recommended to eat small meals in order to maintain a normal level of glucose in the body, without strong drops up or down. A fractional meal is considered optimal, which must be divided into five to six times, each time reducing the volume of servings.

In type 1 diabetes mellitus diet menu serves as an additional step by which the correction of insulin production by the body takes place.

With type 2 diabetes, with the help of a balanced diet, you can normalize the patient's weight without restricting it in foods, but only reduce the calorie content of meals.

When compiling a diet for a diabetic, you need to consider which foods you can eat and which you need to get rid of forever.

chocolate;
pastries made from white flour;
fatty species meat and fish;
marinades;
smoked meats;
sausages;
potato;
drinks with gas;
alcohol;
strong coffee and tea;
margarine.

lean meats and fish;
greenery;
bread from whole grain flour;
berries and fruits with low content Sahara;
milk products;
freshly squeezed vegetables;
walnuts;
olive and sesame oil;
Herb tea.

The basis of the menu should be vegetables that can be supplemented low-fat varieties meat and fish, since their calorie content is low, and protein absorption is higher than that of fatty varieties. Improve the absorption of insulin by the body regular use in the food of eggs, they are well absorbed in digestive tract and contain many useful substances.

Menu rules

The menu for diabetes should be compiled taking into account the glycemic index of products, which will help the diabetic to monitor the concentration of sugar in the blood daily. For example, eating foods with a low glycemic index will help raise your glucose levels gradually and over a longer period of time. Foods with a high glycemic index are dangerous because they greatly increase blood glucose levels, which can lead to hyperglycemia.

Vegetables that do not contain starch have a low glycemic index

To correctly calculate the calorie content of the daily menu, you need to calculate the bread units, which show the amount of carbohydrates consumed and the dose of insulin administered. One bread unit can include from 10 to 12 grams of carbohydrates. The optimal amount of XE for a diabetic per day is no more than 25. To correctly calculate the calorie content and XE, the patient needs to consult an endocrinologist and a nutritionist.

Approximate menu for the week

In the diet for every day, it is recommended to give preference to steamed dishes, as well as stewed and baked in the oven. Before cooking meat dishes, it is necessary to remove excess fat and skin, which will help reduce the calorie content of the product at the end. A serving at one meal should not exceed 250 grams.

Daily diet can be changed, but taking into account the recommended standards. Calorie content of meals per day in the range of 1250-1297.

sample menu for a week covers all the needs of the body and prevents the development of hyperglycemia

Menu for a diabetic patient for a week:

Monday

protein omelet;
buckwheat porridge;
chamomile tea.

kefir 1%;
Apple.

lean borscht;
vegetable salad;
baked veal;
a piece of bread;
jelly.

grapefruit.

steamed lean fish;
stewed zucchini with cauliflower;
compote.

1 glass of kefir 1%.

Tuesday

oatmeal;
1 boiled egg;
weak tea.

1 st. kissel.

vegetable broth;
boiled chicken;
vegetable stew;
cabbage salad;
bread;
mors.

Apple.

cottage cheese casserole;
salad with boiled beets olive oil;
tea without sugar.

1 st. fermented baked milk 2.5%.

Wednesday

low-fat cottage cheese;
corn porridge With butter;
weak coffee.

fruit jelly.

chicken soup with sour cream;
steamed meatballs;
sauerkraut;
bread;
decoction of herbs.

tomato juice.

vegetable cabbage rolls with rice;
bread;

yogurt 1%.

Thursday

rice porrige With butter;
bread with cheese;
coffee drink.

2 pieces of biscuit cookies;
compote without sugar.

pickle with beef;
vegetable salad;
pasta with stewed mushrooms;

kefir.

pumpkin porridge;
meatballs;
fruit juice.

baked apple.

Friday

soft-boiled egg;
cottage cheese;
cocoa with milk;
one cookie.

1 kiwi.

ear with lean fish;
canned stewed meat;
squash caviar;
bread.

fruit jelly.

peppers stuffed with chicken fillet and rice;
seaweed with carrots;
linden tea.

1 glass of milk.

Saturday

cheesecakes baked in the oven;
unsweetened tea.

fruit salad.

vegetable stew;
chicken cutlets for a couple;
bread;

baked pumpkin and quince.

baked potatoes with skins;
baked fish;
salad with cucumbers and greens;
weak tea.

1 st. kefir 1%.

Sunday

a piece of bread;
veal ham;
cottage cheese;
tea without sugar.

vegetable juice.

lentil soup;
stewed fish with vegetables;
Apple juice;
bran bread.

orange.

buckwheat porridge;
stewed beef liver with sour cream;
cabbage salad.

yogurt.

When comparing menus for diabetes, it should be based on the glycemic index and calorie content of foods. But this does not mean that you need to strictly limit yourself in the choice of dishes, because cooking creative process, in which you can cook a delicious culinary masterpiece from a set of dietary products.