What does high blood sugar mean and what symptoms does it manifest in men? Symptoms of high blood sugar in men and women. The reasons for the development and methods of treatment

Glucose (sugar) is necessary for the body to ensure life, as it is a source of irreplaceable energy.

The source of blood sugar is carbohydrates, which enter the body with food. However, it is necessary to control the indicators of this substance, since their change is one of the symptoms of pathology endocrine system... Particular attention should be paid to the increase in blood sugar.

In this article, you will learn about high blood sugar in an adult and a child, the reasons for its deviations upwards, the primary symptoms of high blood sugar, and how it can be treated.

Blood sugar rate

The rate of glucose in the blood does not depend on the sex of the person. but allowable values, which are also taken as the norm, may fluctuate depending on age, physical condition and eating.

Blood sugar rate (mmol / l):

In infants (up to 1 year old), the values are slightly lower than in other people - from 2.8 to 4.4;
In children over 1 year old and in healthy adults, the indicators are the same and range from 3.3 to 5.5;
In adults over 60 years of age, the indicators vary somewhat: from 4.5 to 6.5;
In patients with diabetes mellitus, the values of the norm are slightly increased: 5 - 7.

It should be noted that the test result for venous and capillary blood sugar is somewhat different. Indicators of blood taken from a finger (capillary) are lower and amount to 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / l (generally accepted medical norm). The norm for venous blood are the values 4 - 6.1 mmol / l. Such indicators should be in a person who donated blood on an empty stomach, that is, did not eat after a night's sleep.

In order for blood sugar values to be reliable, it is necessary to donate blood on an empty stomach (it is recommended not to brush your teeth or drink water between waking up and taking the test).

If the analysis is carried out after a person has eaten, then the glucose level will be significantly higher. In this case, indicators up to 7.7 mmol / l are taken as the norm. But it should be remembered that after a short period of time (1 - 2 hours) the indicators should come to the generally accepted values of the norm.

Causes of high sugar

In this part of the article, you will learn the reasons why blood sugar rises, what are the symptoms and signs of high blood sugar.

Increased sugar in men

The reasons for the increase in blood sugar levels in men and women may be slightly different, which is associated with physiological characteristics and some behavioral habits.

Causes ( etiological factors) increased blood glucose levels in men:

Abuse of fatty and spicy foods;
Frequent stressful situations. As you know, representatives of the strong half of humanity are more susceptible to stress, and besides, they experience it deep within themselves. All this can provoke various violations in the body, including hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar);
Bad habits: smoking, consumption alcoholic beverages;
Excessive physical activity. Many men are involved in strength sports and hard physical work.

Pathologies that can provoke hyperglycemia:

Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
Acromegaly - increased levels of growth hormone;
Acute violation cerebral circulation(stroke);
Use of certain drugs long time or self-change in their dosage;
Obesity;
Diabetes mellitus, diseases of the pancreas;
Angina attack.

High sugar in women

The above reasons can also occur in women. However, you should consider the etiological factors that are characteristic of the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity:

Application of GOK(hormonal oral contraceptives), especially long-lasting and uncontrolled reception these drugs;
Pathology thyroid gland , it is most often found in women;
High blood sugar may be due to food cravings... Many women consume a large number of foods with a significant content simple carbohydrates... They, in turn, contribute to a rapid and severe increase in blood glucose;
Premenstrual syndrome(PMS) can also be accompanied by hyperglycemia;
Pregnancy period, especially the first half. At this time, the body is exposed major changes internal environment, there is a significant hormonal change. This phenomenon is temporary. But gestational diabetes that requires treatment. This pathology goes away after delivery.

Hyperglycemia in children

Causes of high blood sugar in a child:

A premature baby, in this case the immaturity of many systems, including the endocrine one, is noted;
The introduction of a large amount of glucose to the child, glucocorticosteroid therapy;
Hypoxia, that is oxygen starvation during the period intrauterine development and during childbirth;
Distress syndrome.

Reasons for an increase in blood sugar in preschool and school children:

The diet is dominated by foods with a high carbohydrate content: confectionery, sugary carbonated drinks; food on the run, dry food, and so on;
Frequent infectious and inflammatory diseases, which greatly exhaust the defense mechanism of a small organism;
Diabetes mellitus type 1 or insulin-dependent;
During puberty, when there is a strong hormonal change;
Lack of physical activity;
Strong stresses and experiences associated with various aspects of life (study, relationships with parents and peers, and so on).

You can find out more about normal blood sugar levels in children in this page.

Symptoms of high sugar

If the increase in blood sugar is physiological, then it does not manifest itself in any pathological symptoms... However, with the development of pathology, characteristic signs of the disease may appear.

At the onset of the disease, changes in blood sugar values can only be recorded with a laboratory blood test.

As the pathology develops, following signs high blood sugar:

High sugar diet

Of particular importance is diet in the development of a disease such as diabetes mellitus. Elevated blood sugar suggests eating some sugar-containing foods and following a proper diet.

People with type 1 diabetes mellitus must constantly follow all dietary recommendations, otherwise the likelihood of developing a hyperglycemic coma is high.

Meals should be fractional and frequent, it is necessary to divide the entire daily diet into 5 - 6 meals. It is better to adhere to a specific nutritional schedule, that is, meals should be taken daily at the same time;
Establish a drinking regimen, the amount of liquid drunk per day - 2 liters;
Choose less high-calorie foods;
You cannot eat more than the nutritionist has calculated. This will lead to overeating and aggravation of the course of the disease;
Refuse to eat foods rich in simple carbohydrates;
Reduce salt intake;
Give up alcoholic beverages completely.

The diet menu should be composed of foods that do not increase blood glucose.

The increase in glucose with the use of some foods is due to their slow absorption in the body.

Vegetables: eggplants, cucumbers, pumpkin, white cabbage and cauliflower, tomatoes, herbs, lettuce, zucchini;
Fruits: apples, sea buckthorn, lemons and sour berries (cherries, cranberries, lingonberries, black currants, gooseberries);
Meat products: veal, poultry, rabbit;
Seafood: white fish; lobster, shrimp and crabs;
Bread with bran, whole grain flour, rye or black bread;
Dairy products: milk, yogurt, cheese and cottage cheese. They should have a low fat content, but low-fat products cannot be used;
Soups based on vegetable and weak fish broth;
Vegetable oils;
Legumes: beans, peas, lentils;
Honey. Nutritionists are allowed to consume this sweet, but no more than 2 teaspoons per day.

It is necessary to turn Special attention on the list of foods that should be excluded from the diet, as they provoke an increase in blood glucose.

During a diet with a high blood sugar content, the following foods should be excluded from the diet:

Confectionery: sweets, waffles, cookies, chocolates, cakes and so on;
Ice cream and condensed milk;
Preserves, jams and sugar;
Semolina;
Salo;
Sausages, all without exception;
Grapes, figs and raisins (rich in fast carbohydrates)
Fatty meats: pork, duck, goose;
High fat dairy products: sour cream, cream, yogurt;
Mayonnaise, ketchup and various sauces based on them;
Sweet carbonated drinks.

Exists different kinds sweeteners, but more and more nutritionists are advising to abandon them.

The most common and safe sweetener for health is fructose.

Fructose is used in the preparation of baby and diabetic food.

Hyperglycemia treatment

Treatment consists in lowering glucose levels, treating the underlying disease and eliminating pathological symptoms.

Principles of therapy for hyperglycemia

There are several principles of therapy for hyperglycemia:

Controlling blood glucose and cholesterol levels, at home, this is done with the help of glucometers;
Proper nutrition;
Weight loss with obesity and maintaining its normal values;
Adequate physical activity after consultation with a specialist;
Use of drugs that help lower blood sugar:
- Insulin therapy, the drug is administered parenterally (subcutaneously). The dosage of the drug is calculated by the attending physician after thorough examination individually. Insulin is short-acting and long-acting;
- Oral glucose lowering medications. Such drugs are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

In the absence of contraindications, exercise therapy (physiotherapy exercises) is indicated. The load is selected individually with the instructor.

Physical therapy sessions last from 5 to 30 minutes.

Physical therapy classes:

Yoga;
Pool activities;
Hiking;
Flexion and extension movements of the arms and legs;
Dumbbell exercises;
Group ball lessons;
Morning work-out.

Lowering sugar with folk remedies

Various herbal teas, decoctions and infusions are used to lower blood sugar. For this purpose, chicory is widely used: both the herb and the roots:

Herb decoction. For 10 grams of dried herbs, you need to take 500 ml of boiling water. Pour boiling water over the raw materials, cover and leave to cool. Take 125 ml 3 times a day;
Decoction from the roots. Pour 1 teaspoon of roots with 250 ml of water, boil the mixture for 10 minutes. Cool and strain the mixture, take 1 tablespoon up to 5 times a day.

Very popular herbal tea , which can be easily prepared at home. This will require dried leaves and grass of strawberry, St. John's wort, currant, lingonberry, clover and linden blossom. These ingredients can be collected by yourself or purchased at the pharmacy.

All ingredients are mixed in equal proportions and brewed in the usual way. You can also add rose hips or hawthorn berries.

Broth from oats. You should take half a glass of dry raw materials and 750 ml of boiled water. The raw material is filled with water and placed in a water bath for 15 minutes. Remove the resulting mixture from heat and leave to infuse for 60 minutes. It is necessary to take the product 15-30 minutes before meals, 125 ml 3 times a day. The duration of treatment is 30 days.

Now you know all the signs and symptoms of high blood sugar in women, men, why it is high, what it means and what to do with high level sugar and what treatment is there. If you are interested in reduced sugar, all useful information you'll find .

Glucose is one of the essential elements participating in metabolic processes organism. This carbohydrate is considered the main source of energy for supporting biochemical reactions. Determination of blood glucose is a very important diagnostic test, because even the slightest change in its level may indicate the development of a pathological process.

The disease, accompanied by an increase in blood glucose levels, is called "diabetes mellitus". V last years it began to actively progress and there was a sharp increase in the number of patients. The disease occurs with the same frequency among both sexes. However, the detrimental effect on the body in men is manifested much stronger than in women.

The main reason for the difficulty of diagnosing the disease in the stronger sex is that they are not so attentive to their state of health.

Indicators of the norm

The glucose level is an unstable parameter and can change in one direction or another depending on changes in the physiological parameters of the body (overwork, stress, physical activity).

Hyperglycemia symptoms

The manifestation of the disease associated with an increase in blood sugar levels in men is more pronounced. The manifestation of the first symptoms, as a rule, is ignored. Only when there are changes in the functioning of life support systems, men turn to specialists. Most often this occurs in the advanced stages of the disease, when it is very difficult to respond to drug treatment.

Signs of hyperglycemia in men include:

a sharp change in weight (a significant increase or decrease in weight with an unchanged lifestyle);
hyperhidrosis together with an increase in the rate of fatigue in the absence of physical activity;
an insatiable feeling of thirst, which is accompanied by a feeling of dryness in the mouth;
dry skin, alopecia, blurred consciousness;
accelerated painful urination, more often nocturnal;
frequent headaches;
erectile disfunction.

It is important to give importance to the symptoms at the beginning of their onset. This will reveal the disease on initial stages and avoid serious consequences.

The main and most important symptom for men, erectile dysfunction appears. It can be accompanied by a decrease in sexuality and ultimately lead to impotence. erectile disfunction appears due to a violation of the blood supply to the genitals.

Developing hyperglycemia affects the activity of the cardiovascular system. Pains appear in the region of the heart, difficulty breathing with small loads, tachycardia, racing blood pressure and swelling of the limbs at the end of the day.

An increase in glucose levels actively affects digestive system the body of a man, manifested by malfunctions in the gastrointestinal tract, soreness and instability to assimilate food.

Causes of increased glucose in men

At the heart of the occurrence of any disease is a decrease in the body's immune forces. Immunity is exposed daily negative impact external factors that leave a mark on the state of human health.

The main reasons for the increase in glucose in men include:

poor environmental conditions, contributing to a decrease in the level of health;
regular stress and nervous excitement;
eating large amounts fast carbohydrates(fast food);
hereditary predisposition;
certain infectious diseases.

The reasons for the development of diabetes mellitus in men and women can be completely different. Women have a different attitude to life, and even more so to their health.

Prevention of high sugar

Any disease can be adjusted to reduce the manifestation of symptoms. For this, preventive measures are applied, which for hyperglycemia will be as follows:

Do not ignore the signals of the body, and when they appear, undergo a complete medical examination.
If there is a hereditary factor in the incidence of diabetes, even in the absence of bright severe symptoms, after 45 years of age, undergo an annual examination.
If you have problems with digestion and cardiovascular system it is recommended to revise your diet, exclude or limit the consumption of prohibited foods and observe special diet with sufficient liquid content.
Expose your body daily moderate physical activity and walks on fresh air .

It is called hyperglycemia. This phenomenon can be temporary or pathological and is usually associated with lifestyle. What are the main causes of high blood sugar in men? Let's figure it out.

Diabetes

For type 1 and type 2 diabetes pathological processes that lead to an increase in blood sugar vary.

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is associated with autoimmune disorders. In this case, the body's defense system attacks the cells of the pancreas, which are involved in the production of insulin. As a result, the hormone is produced in insufficient quantities and glucose regulation is impaired.

Type 2 diabetes

In type 2 diabetes, tissues become insensitive to the action of insulin. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood and does not enter the cells.

Stress

Normally, stress stimulates the defenses of the man's body. The hormone cortisol, which is produced during psychophysical stress, promotes wound healing, increases efficiency, constricts blood vessels, and affects carbohydrate metabolism. When the hormone is released, insulin production decreases, work is suppressed gastrointestinal tract, eating and sexual behavior changes. So the body reflexively inhibits the basal secretion of insulin and releases sugar from the depot. As a result, a hyperglycemic state and insulin deficiency develop. With chronic stress, tissue resistance to insulin decreases.

Food habits

As for eating habits, it is more common for men to abuse alcohol. With the constant intake of alcohol, the function of the pancreas is disrupted, which causes metabolic disorders and the development of insulin resistance. So alcohol increases the risk of developing diabetes.

Steroid drugs

Long-term use of steroid hormones can cause secondary insulin-dependent type 1 diabetes mellitus in men. People with good carbohydrate metabolism the condition returns to normal after drug withdrawal. But in the presence of a predisposition, development is possible diabetes medication... The risk is increased in patients who have to long time take steroids in high doses, as well as for those who are overweight. Drugs from the risk group include dexamethasone, prednisolone, hydrocortisone.

Symptoms of high blood sugar in men include intense thirst, frequent urination, increased fatigue and headache.

These glucocorticoids are used to treat bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis.

Other factors

Among the factors raising blood sugar in men, often an excess of growth hormone, a condition after a heart attack or stroke, hard physical labor.

Sugar rate

The average official norm of glucose in the blood is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l, but in different categories people it is not the same. The production of glucose depends on the functioning of the pancreas. This indicator differs between females and males, and also changes with age. Sugar standards data are presented in the following table.

Symptoms of high sugar

The main signs are:

intense thirst
frequent urination
increased fatigue,
headache.

With a persistent increase in glucose, a man may experience:

visual impairment
sudden bouts of hunger
trouble concentrating
itchy skin
numbness of the lips and facial skin,
excessive irritability.

A progressive condition causes:

weakening immune system,
activation of viral and bacterial infections,
disorders of the blood vessels.

What to do

In some cases, to treat a man, it is enough to eliminate the damaging factor:

follow a diet with restriction of fast carbohydrates,
maintain a moderate level of physical activity,
give up smoking and alcohol,
control stress,
normalize body weight.

If there are signs of hyperglycemia, you should consult an endocrinologist and get tested for sugar. The doctor prescribes treatment for the underlying disease that caused the increase in blood sugar. If symptoms persist, glucose is controlled with insulin injections.

Often, women do not even think about their blood glucose level until the first signs of high blood sugar appear. High sugar may indicate development dangerous disease, which requires immediate medical attention.

In order not to face such problems, you need to be tested every year for biochemical parameters and avoid the cause of sugar fluctuations. In women, as in men, blood glucose levels can vary throughout life. High sugar can be affected by hormonal disruptions in the body due to pregnancy or menopause. Thus, for each age there are different norms for glucose in the blood of an adult.

Conducting an analysis for high sugar

For women and men, the test procedure is no different. Blood is taken on an empty stomach in the morning from 8 am to 11 am. After last admission food should take 9-12 hours.

Before conducting the study, a certain fasting or restriction in food intake is not required, the diet should be standard. However, it is impossible to overeat on the eve of testing.

The use of alcoholic beverages is also prohibited, since they contain an increased level of sugar, which can distort the test results. Also, high blood sugar can temporarily cause excessive mental and physical stress, stress and psychological distress.

This must be taken into account in order to exclude all possible signs high sugar. We have material on our site that will be useful to our readers.

If the test results are in doubt, a second blood sample will be taken after a few hours.

Age features and blood sugar

The average blood glucose level in women is 3.3-5.5 mmol / L on an empty stomach. If the level is increased by 1.2 mmol / L or more, the so-called prediabetes is diagnosed in women. Which is expressed in impaired tolerance to blood sugar. If the indicators are from 6.1 to 7.0 mmol / l, this indicates the beginning of the development of diabetes mellitus. This level is average and does not take into account the age characteristics of women.

In both men and women, the exact rate depends on the age of the patient and the presence of any secondary diseases.

At the age of 15-50 years, the blood glucose level is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / L.
At the age of 50-60, the level ranges from 3.8 to 5.9 mmol / L.
At the age of 60-90 years - from 3.8 to 5.9 mmol / l.
Over 90 years old - from 4.6 to 6.9 mmol / l.

Different sugar levels in women and men do not always indicate pathology, therefore, treatment is required only with a sharp change in indicators and the identification of the cause. Sharp jumps blood glucose can be observed during menopause, therefore, at the age of more than 45 years, it is necessary to carefully monitor changes in indicators.

Also, sugar levels can increase with the development of any infectious disease and the presence of a chronic illness.

Female body characteristics and blood sugar

On women's days, there may be changes in the rate of blood sugar. In the second period menstrual cycle there is an increase in glycemia and an increase in the dose of insulin. Two days before the start women's days the situation is changing, the need for insulin falls and during the first half of the cycle it is kept at this level. Have healthy women also indicators may change, but this should not be scary, since the reasons are associated with temporary hormonal changes and treatment in this case not required.
V adolescence the dose of insulin administered may be increased while the body is rebuilding. It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the body and regularly do tests to determine the level of sugar in the blood. At the first symptoms of an exacerbation of the disease, you should go full examination, according to the test results, the doctor will prescribe necessary treatment... Parents should carefully monitor adolescents and their diet.
During menopause, women may experience a sharp increase in blood glucose levels. It is often during this period that patients are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, which develops from prediabetes. To avoid this, you should regularly do light exercises, take daily walks in the fresh air, eat right and stick to a certain diet. Hormonal changes can be the cause of persistent spikes in blood sugar. To adapt to your body, you need to regularly do a test with a glucometer and adjust the values obtained.
It can especially affect the increase in blood glucose stressful situation or breakdown... Therefore, you need to take care of your health, learn to avoid psychological experiences, often do what you love, communicate with dear people and cheer yourself up with even the slightest trifles.

Pregnancy and blood glucose

Most women experience increased blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which is associated with hormonal changes and replenishment essential substances developing fetus. Treatment for minor changes is not required.

The sugar norm in a pregnant woman is from 3.8 to 6.3 mmol / l. With an increase in indicators up to 7 mmol / l, doctors diagnose gestational diabetes, which after the birth of a child undergoes and, as such, is treated in postpartum period not required.

Meanwhile, high sugar is dangerous for a child and future mother. This phenomenon most often occurs in women with a hereditary predisposition to diabetes, late giving birth to pregnant women and having an increased weight in summer. If a woman has a second type of diabetes mellitus, during the entire pregnancy, they should do insulin injections instead of taking anti-hypoglycemic drugs, which is why it is so important.

Causes of abnormal blood sugar levels

Symptoms of high blood sugar can occur when the liver is dysfunctional. It is this organ that is responsible for the processing of glucose if it accumulates in a large number... Impaired liver function leads to the fact that an excess amount of sugar enters the bloodstream. Also, pathologies of the endocrine system are often the cause. With the liver can be used as a preventive measure.

Hyperglycemia can be diagnosed not only in diabetes mellitus, but also if the patient has liver or pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, epilepsy, hyperthyroidism, liver failure... Treatment is prescribed after a complete examination has been carried out and the reasons for the overestimated sugar values have been identified.

In the meantime, it is important not to confuse the disease and the deliberate lowering of blood sugar levels. A decrease in glucose can be caused by adherence a certain kind diets, proper nutrition, a healthy lifestyle and avoiding sweets. Hypoglycemia develops in women and men if a person abuses alcohol or toxic poisoning of the body has occurred.

Treatment for high blood sugar is prescribed if a woman has all the signs of the development of the disease. Indicators are normalized when proper nutrition regular physical exercise and compliance healthy way life.

V modern world several types of diseases have stable growth, among them - endocrine diseases and above all diabetes mellitus. In terms of the number of cases, it lags behind only oncology and cardiovascular diseases.

Doctors constantly remind that you need to know the disease by sight and better prevent its occurrence. But if a person falls into a risk group, then you need to monitor your condition and know the first signs of an increase in blood sugar. In women, hyperglycemia requires an individualized approach to therapy.

What is glucose and its norms

In pursuit of health, many try to eliminate salt, pure sugar and all foods with glucose from their diet. But such a hard principle of denial necessary products or substances leads to other diseases and complications. People with a hereditary tendency to diabetes need to scrupulously compose the menu, however, in clear rules of eating behavior, the use of useful products although limited, but not completely excluded.

To begin with, let's determine the indicators of glucose levels in the bloodstream, based on medical standards:

Normal indicators healthy person- from 3.3 mmol / L to 5.5 mmol / L.
Pre-diabetic state - from 5.5 mmol / l to 6 mmol / l.
The diagnosis "diabetes" is made when the values are over 6.1 mmol / l.

Why does the body need sugar?

Glucose is a substance that supplies energy to cells and tissues throughout the body. In addition, the presence of the required amount of sugar in the blood, in combination with other participants, ensures the flow of such vital processes:

Synthesis nucleic acids, lipids, amino acids.
Support for the work of the heart and blood vessels.
Start of production normal level enzymes.
Balance and normal functioning central nervous system.
Promotes the onset of a feeling of satiety.

The process of glucose formation has several stages. Foods enter the stomach, where the process of splitting carbohydrates into saccharides, which includes glucose, takes place. Further, through the walls of the stomach, glucose is absorbed into the blood and transported to cells and tissues. Mobility and the possibility of glucose penetration into cells is provided by the hormone insulin, the pancreas is responsible for its production.

Physiological enhancement

The first signs of an increase in blood sugar in women appear quite late, when the process has already started and even has some complications. The causes of hyperglycemia are divided into two groups - physiological and pathological.

The first group includes temporary factors, after the elimination of which the sugar level returns to normal values, for example:

Stress, prolonged emotional stress.
Pregnancy.
Eating simple carbohydrates.
Pain syndrome (causes the release of hormones adrenaline and thyroxine).
Severe blood loss, lack of rutin in the blood, B vitamins.
active sports.

Naturally pass physiological signs increase in blood sugar in women after meals. After the allotted time after eating, the glucose level in a healthy person stabilizes. Subject to the rules of a balanced diet, the absence of overeating, there are no threats to female body does not arise.

Medicines and sugar

Also, temporary hyperglycemia is caused by the intake of certain groups of medications:

Estrogens, beta blockers, phenothiazines.
Glucocorticosteroids (based on prednisolone).
Oral contraceptives.

If when receiving medicines there are signs of an increase in blood sugar in women, then the doctor is notified of this. Based on the test indicators, the specialist adjusts the drug intake regimen, dosage, or carries out a full replacement for another drug.

Pathological causes

Hyperglycemia of the pathological course occurs in the following diseases and conditions:

Liver cirrhosis, infectious hepatitis.
Diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis.
Neuro endocrine diseases- polycystic ovary disease, obesity, Cushing's disease, etc.
Disorders in the adrenal glands.
Pancreatic neoplasms.
Complications after a stroke, heart attack, trauma of various kinds.
Neoplasms causing distortion hormonal background(glucagonomas, pheochromocytomas).

If you suspect hyperglycemia, a visit to the doctor is necessary, and this should be done in as soon as possible... Postponing the problem is fraught with fatal consequences, often with incurable complications, manifested in the form of loss of vision, disability, etc. The specialist will definitely appoint the necessary laboratory research, instrumental diagnostics, will take a complete history to find out what causes blood sugar to rise. Women, according to medical statistics, are much more likely to get endocrine diseases than men.

Common Symptoms

Against the background of constant warnings about the high likelihood of endocrine system diseases, not everyone knows what are the signs of high blood sugar in women. But before considering them, let's determine what they are. general symptoms increased glucose levels.

A number of body signals are highlighted, indicating health problems associated with high glucose levels in the bloodstream:

Feeling of unquenchable thirst. The patient can drink up to 5 liters of water per day, but at the same time feel dry mouth. This is because glucose attracts water molecules and removes them from the body.
Frequent urination (polyuria). Glucose together with water is excreted from the body through the kidneys, it is disturbed water-salt balance, suffers renal system... Dizziness may occur.
Fatigue, weakness. Glucose is a source of energy for the body. With pathologies of the pancreas and the inability of the organ to reproduce insulin, which delivers glucose to the tissues, the cells do not receive the necessary charge for activity and experience constant hunger.
Increase / decrease in body weight(depending on the type of damage to the pancreas).
Slow healing of small scratches, inflammation of wounds, cuts. As a result, suppuration may occur, in severe cases leading to amputation.
Skin diseases, infections genitourinary organs accompanied by constant itching. Furunculosis, colpitis, etc. may occur.
The body takes on the smell of acetone. This usually happens when blood sugar levels are very high. This ominous sign indicates the approach of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Women's specificity

A blood glucose level that is significantly higher than normal gradually destroys internal organs and fabrics. The immune system suffers, any viral or bacterial infection is fraught with heavy course, slow recovery and complications. Health status must be monitored to avoid chronic diseases... Common ones are observed, including in women, but there are also special signs.

What are the first signs of high blood sugar in women? They are as follows:

Violation of the menstrual cycle, which occurs due to disruptions in the hormonal background.
Vaginal infections, fungal infections genitourinary system... The emerging diseases are difficult to treat, because an ideal environment has been created for their development.
Hair loss, changes in hair structure, loss of strength and shine. This sad symptom is due to metabolic disorders.
Fungal nail infections on lower limbs... With high blood sugar, the blood supply to the capillary system deteriorates, legs and hands often remain cold. Violation of blood circulation leads to a decrease in the body's resistance to infections, including fungal infections.
If the glucose levels have crossed the 6 units mark, then the woman may begin to experience constant hunger, which indicates the threat of type 2 diabetes.
A sharp drop in visual acuity, the appearance of spots before the eyes.
Convulsions. The symptom indicates a violation of the electrolyte balance and a deterioration in blood supply.

Age features

Exists age indicators blood glucose norms. Having crossed the 40-year milestone, it is necessary to control blood sugar on an ongoing basis, and this is due to the extinction of the functions of the body for the production enough hormones. For women and men over the age of 60, glucose levels range from 4.6 to 6.4 mmol / L. Increased performance are not a pre-diabetic condition, but are associated exclusively with the extinction of the immune system and a decrease in hormone levels.

The causes and signs of an increase in blood sugar in women after 60 years are no different from those at another age. Treatment is complicated by slowing the body's reactions to medications therefore, prevention, eating behavior and physical activity are paramount. Experts recommend purchasing a special tester for home blood sugar control.

Special provision

The expectation of a child is accompanied by a woman's vigilant attitude towards her health, which means that tests are carried out regularly. A gynecologist, among other indicators, necessarily controls the level of glucose in the blood. If it is increased, especially after the control test, then the specialist comes to the conclusion that the patient has gestational diabetes.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, this diagnosis is removed after childbirth, but it affects the process of bearing the fetus and is a threat to its health. In particular, the child may develop intrauterine hypoxia - oxygen starvation. Today, doctors are available different methods reducing risks in the development of the baby and normalizing glucose levels throughout all trimesters. Signs of high blood sugar in women during pregnancy are standard, but the problem is that two people need to be stabilized.

Gestational diabetes is rare. According to medical data, 3-10% of expectant mothers face it. in women during pregnancy:

Hormonal changes caused by polycystic ovary disease.
Obesity grade 3 or 4.
Manifestation of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancies.
Heredity.

Also, this type of hyperglycemia occurs in connection with the individual reaction of hormones to the pregnancy of a particular woman.

How to normalize sugar

Finding out what signs of increased blood sugar in women and finding at least one of the symptoms, you need to go medical checkup, make diagnostics, laboratory tests and consult a doctor. For pregnant women, this step is especially necessary. What a specialist usually recommends for normalizing blood glucose:

Balance your diet without limiting calories.
Organize fractional meals, the size of the portions should correspond to the size of the clenched fist.
Eliminate simple carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, cakes, etc.) from the diet.
Complex carbohydrates should be 50% of the generally accepted norm, the rest is compensated for by fats and proteins.
Play sports, perform long hiking away from highways, factories, etc.
Accept medications only as directed by the attending physician.

How to overcome hyperglycemia

Medical attention is required pathological signs increase in blood sugar in women. Treatment is necessary in borderline conditions, when the indicators are close to the figures characterizing the prediabetic state or diabetes. In this case, a visit to the doctor, a thorough diagnosis, strict adherence to the recommendations of a specialist and a diet are required.

Nutrition principles:

Frequent small meals (up to 6 times a day).
A balanced menu with lots of fiber.
The amount of liquid should not exceed 2 liters per day.
One meal is composed entirely of vegetables.
The amount of salt is limited (individual quantitative recommendations).
Mandatory refusal from alcoholic beverages, stimulants.

Foods that are low in simple carbohydrates and low in calories should be the mainstay of the diet. Recommended for use:

Not fatty varieties meat and fish.
Dairy products.
Whole grains - oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat, barley, etc.
Rye or whole grain bread, preferably yeast-free.
No more than 2 chicken eggs per day.
Legumes - peas, lentils, chickpeas, beans, peas, etc.
Vegetable crops - radishes, radishes, all types of cabbage and salads, red peppers, baked eggplants, spinach, leafy greens, tomatoes, etc.
Fruits and berries - quince, lemons, apples, pears, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, etc.

Fat must be present in the diet vegetable origin... It is necessary to give up sugar, giving preference to sugar substitutes or a couple of tablespoons of honey per day. Cooking method - baking, boiling, stewing, steaming.

The following foods are to be excluded from the diet:

Flour, confectionery, baked goods, baked goods.
Fatty fish and meat, bacon, canned food, smoked products.
Dairy and some dairy products- fatty cheeses, sour cream, cottage cheese, cream.
It is necessary to completely abandon industrial and homemade mayonnaise.
Fruits and dried fruits - raisins, dates, grapes, figs, bananas, etc.

Prophylaxis

Wanting to keep your health on long years It is worth knowing the signs of high blood sugar in women and how to avoid them. The mainstay of prevention is physical activity - running, fitness, swimming, yoga, gym or any other activity that will help avoid physical inactivity, increase metabolism and normalize hormonal levels.

Observance of a stable regime of work and rest plays an important role in maintaining health. Each person needs to get enough sleep, not to get into a state of stress and give up bad habits- smoking, drinking alcohol in large quantities. Equally important positive attitude and the ability to experience joy, pleasure from life.

The third pillar of prevention is considered balanced diet... It is worthwhile to streamline the hours of meals and strictly adhere to the schedule during the day. One of important conditions is the complete elimination of snacks harmful products and products (chips, carbonated drinks, salted nuts, etc.). They will be replaced by fruits and dried fruits, nuts, vegetables, etc.