Major diseases cardiovascular vascular system - Very brief.
Arrhythmia of the heart
Arrhythmia - states in which the frequency, rhythmic and sequence of heart rate is disturbed. These symptoms occur in various innate anomalies acquired diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as under the influence of vegetative, hormonal or electrolyte disorders, as a result side effect medicines.
Heartbeat, periodic "fading", general weakness and fainting - frequent studs of arrhythmias. The diagnosis is specified at the ECG, including under load, daily monitoring. It is necessary to affect the cause that caused the violation of the rhythm. Sedative, antiarrhythmic agents are used, electrical stimulation.
Blockers of the heart
Diseases of the cardiovascular system, under which a slowdown or termination of pulses is observed according to the cordial muscle conductive system are called blockades. Causes are myocardits, cardiosclerosis, myocardial infarction, toxic effect of cardiac glycosides, anaprill, verapamil. The incomplete blockade is distinguished when part of the pulses passes through the conductive system, and the full, at which the pulses are not conducted at all. Diseases are manifested by the loss of the pulse, its resinness, fainting. Treatment is aimed at eliminating the factors that led to the blockade. Atropin, alupent, eufillin are temporarily used for the cheating of the pulse. With full transverse blockades, the installation of an artificial rhythm driver (pacemaker) is shown.
Atherosclerosis
The disease in which the fat impregnation of the inner shell of the arteries occurs, expanding in the walls of the vessels connective tissue. As a result of the atherosclerotic process, blood supply to organs and tissues is disturbed, thrombosis is enhanced. Accelerate the development of the disease Arterial hypertension, overweight, broken exchange of fats and fatty acids, diabetes, hypodynamics, stress. The clinic depends on the place of lesion (stroke, angina and myocardial infarction, abdominal aortic aneurysm, intermittent lameness). Treatment is aimed at reducing blood lipids, normalization of power and physical activity. Sometimes it is necessary surgical intervention.
Reino disease
The disease of the cardiovascular system, the main manifestation of which is the periodically arising disorder of blood circulation in the brushes and footsteps. Provoking factor - exposure to cold, excitement. Often the Riine Syndrome accompanies diseases such as sclerodermia, cervical osteochondrosis, ganglionite, hyperthyroidism. The main symptoms are a decrease in the sensitivity of the fingers with numbness, tingling. During the attack, the shiny, cold, after its end - hot and edema. Changes the nutrition of the skin of the fingers - dryness, peeling, gunnock appears. Treatment is aimed at improving local blood circulation.
Cardiopsychoneurosis
Neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD, neurocirculatory asthenia, Vegeta dystonia) - disease of the functional nature, in which the neuroendocrine regulation of the activity of the cardiovascular system is broken. More often found in young people and adolescents after transferring diseases, intoxication, overwork. Manifests weakness fast fatigue, irritability, headache and unpleasant sensations in the field of heart, arrhythmias, periodic changes arterial pressure. In treatment it is important to normalize the lifestyle, ensure sufficient physical activity. In the period of exacerbation apply medicinal products (sedative, natural stimulants), physiotherapy, massage ,.
Congenital heart defects
Diseases of the cardiovascular system, in which various abnormalities of the heart and nearby vessels arising during intrauterine development Under the influence of infections, injuries, radiation impacts, hormonal disorders, taking medicines, with a lack of vitamins in food. Congenital heart defects can be "blue" (with cyanosis) and "pale" (without primary cyanosis). Often there are defects of the interventricular and interpresentation partition, the narrowing of the pulmonary artery, aortic, the incoming of arterial duct. These diseases are shown to shortness, cyanosis during exercise and even at rest, heartbeat, total weakness. Surgical treatment.
Arterial hypertension
Persistent increase in blood pressure above the level 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Arterial hypertension (hypertension, hypertension) occurs in 30% of the population of the Earth and can be primary (essential) and secondary (due to endocrine diseases, kidney disease, congenital pathology of vessels). Hypertension contributes to the occurrence and complicates the course of many diseases of the heart and brain, kidneys. Headache, dizziness, heart pain, nasal bleeding, reduced memory, performance - all this manifestations of hypertension. Heart attacks, strokes, renal failure, Sudden death - this is what arterial hypertension leads to without treatment. It is possible to control the pressure in the initial stage and without drugs with the help of proper nutrition, physical education, but persistent hypertension requires permanent lifetime reception of medicines.
Arterial hypotension
Arterial hypotension (hypotonic disease, hypotension) - a resistant decrease in blood pressure to 90/60 mm Hg. Art. and below due to the violation of the function nervous system and mechanisms governing the tone of vessels. Lead to the disease Psychotrarmating states, chronic infections and intoxication. The hypotension is manifested by lethargy, a decrease in performance, migraine headache, dizziness, fainting. It is necessary to exclude diseases accompanied by secondary arterial hypotension. In the treatment of important right mode, physical activity. The means that stimulate the function of the CNS and the cardiovascular system (medications, reception plant preparationsdefined food products, LFC)
Coronary artery disease
A chronic disease caused by the failure of the coronary blood circulation due to atherosclerosis. Can manifest themselves angina (attacks of pain in the heart in physical exertion, cessation during the reception of nitroglycerin), myocardial infarction (with a death of the heart muscle with a strong stubborn pain that does not pass from the reception of nitroglycerin and leading to heavy complications), atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis (myocardial substitution with a connecting tissue with a violation of the heart muscle function). Medical and surgical treatment. In the initial stages of the IBS, regular moderate physical activity, LFCs are very important.
Cardiomyopathy
Diseases of the cardiovascular system with primary damage to the heart muscle of an unknown nature, without communication with inflammation, valve defects, IBS, AG. Cardiomyopathy can be hypertrophic, stagnant and restrictive. The disease is manifested by an increase in heart size, heart failure, arrhythmias. Forecast without treatment unfavorable. The restriction of physical exertion is used, the use of nitrates, diuretic. Only a heart transplantation can help radically.
Myocarditis
Inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, occurring under the influence of various bacterial and viral factors, allergic reactions and other reasons. It is manifested by malaise, pain in the heart, a violation of the rhythm. Complications are heart failure, thromboembolism. Treatment - peace, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal drugs, combating complications.
Pericarditis
Inflammatory disease of the outer shell of the heart (pericardium). Arises due to infectious factors, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic red lupus, myocardial infarction, Uremia. Pericarditis can be dry (adhesive) and discharge (exudative). It is manifested by malaise, pain in the heart, shortness of breath, general weakness, edema, an increase in the liver. Treatment - anti-inflammatory funds, hormonal drugs, diuretic, sometimes - surgical intervention.
Acquired heart defects
Diseases of the cardiovascular system, under which heart valves are affected with the development of insufficiency, stenosis, or combined vice. Defects occur more often due to rheumatism, less often - atherosclerosis, sepsis, syphilis, injuries. The work of the heart is hampered due to the obstacles of the blood flow created by damaged valve flaps. Mitral and aortic valves are affected. Complications - heart failure, rhythm disorders, thromboembolism. Treatment conservative and surgical.
Rheumatism, rheumokard
It is characterized by the development of a systemic inflammatory process with a preferably lesion of the heart and blood vessels. Trigger factor rheumatic disease is an . The disease usually begins after a sacrum suffered. The heart is affected with the development of myocarditis (less often - endocarditis), as well as large joints. Treatment - bedding, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory funds, hormones. Prevention of repeated rheumatic attacks is very important.
Heart failure
A condition in which the work of the heart is disturbed to ensure the necessary blood circulation in the body. Develops due to various diseasesmaking the work of the heart muscle (myocardits, ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathy). Cardiac insufficiency may be acute and chronic. Manifestations depend OT pretty defeat Right or left heart departments. With bowls, this is shortness of breath, attacks of suffocation, dizziness, fainting, angina. With justifying deficiency - cyanosis, swelling, liver increase. Treatment is a decrease in physical activity, diet, diuretic and heart glycosides.
Endocardit (Endokardit)
The disease in which the inner sheath of the heart is inflamed (endocardium). It happens more often in rheumatism, less often - in sepsis, fungal lesions, diffuse processes of connective tissue, intoxications. If we talk about infectious endocarditis, then the main pathogens - Streptococcus, Staphilococcus, intestinal wand. The diseases of the cardiovascular system with chills, pain in the joints, the damage of the heart valves with the development of symptoms characteristic of the corresponding vices are occurring. Complications are heart failure, heart defects, renal function. Treatment - the use of powerful antibiotics, immunopreparations, hormones. Perhaps holding surgical intervention on valves.
Cardiovascular diseases occupy the first place in terms of morbidity and mortality, in almost all countries of the world. This is sad leadership, due to many factors, among which are poor-quality food, poor ecology, improper lifestyle. No wonder many cardiovascular disorders are called civilization diseases.
Our cardiovascular system is represented by heart and vessels. Sounds as a primitive tautology, but it really is.
Human heart includes
- Four chambers or cavities - Right and left atrium, ventricles
- Conductive system providing normal rhythm and heart rate sequence
- Inner shell, lining from the inside of heart cavities - endocard
- Heart valves, distinguishing cardiac cameras, and obstructing the reverse current
- Middle, Muscular Shell - Myocardium
- Outdoor shell, cardiac bag - Pericard
- Cardiac (coronary) artery, feeding heart fabrics.
The vascular system is represented by two circles of blood circulation - large and small. Big circle Provides organs and tissues with arterial blood with oxygen, and takes carbon dioxide.
The vascular system includes arteries and veins of large or medium caliber, small artery and veins (arterioles and venules), as well as the smallest vessels - Capillaries.
It is in capillaries that gas exchanges are carried out between blood and tissues, and the blood blood turns into venous.
Any of the above-mentioned cardiovascular systems can be amazed. Most often, the heart of heart and vessels is based on the following pathological mechanisms:
- Congenital malformations
- Inflammatory processes
- Infections - bacterial, viral, fungal
- Changes of vascular tone
- General exchange disorders leading to a change in acid balance, alkalis, electrolytes
- Changes in blood clotting
- Burning vascular lumen.
In most clinical situations, a combination of one or more pathological mechanisms is noted.
Diseases
Until now, the convenient, acceptable classification of cardiovascular diseases has not been adopted. Apparently, this is due to the variety of causes and manifestations of these diseases.
ICD ( international Classification Diseases) is cumbersome, and more developed for statistics, rather than to solve practical problems.
To fully list all diseases is unlikely to make sense - there are too many of them, and most of them are rarely found. But some violations are worth mentioning about them:
Ischemia - a violation of the blood supply to a certain body, and evolved for this reason pathological changes in him. At the heart of IBS - the difficulty of circulating blood by coronary arteries Due to their blockage atherosclerotic plaques and blood clots. Hebc is manifested by angina. With prolonged ischemia, the heart muscle is dead - the myocardial infarction is developing.
The lead feature is an increase in blood pressure more than 140/90 mm. RT. Art. The magnitude of blood pressure is largely depends on the condition of the arterial vascular tone, the volume of circulating blood and the work of the heart. These functions are regulated by certain brain structures, organs endocrine system. Hypertonic disease Developed by violating this regulation, and, in turn, over time, it leads to irreversible changes in various organs.
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This state can be fully attributed to neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. The brain is affected, but the reason is a violation of blood circulation along cerebral (brain) vessels. This violation may manifest itself in two, in connection with which hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes are distinguished.
With ischemic stroke, the vessel is cleaned with an atherosclerotic plaque, after which it develops ischemia in the corresponding brain section. With a hemorrhagic stroke due to disruption of the integrity of the blood vessel, the blood is poured into the brain.
Heart rhythm (arrhythmia).
In order for hemodynamics to be provided at the proper level, the heart should be reduced with a certain sequence and frequency - at the beginning of the atrium, the blood is expelled in the ventricles, and it enters the large vessels from the ventricles into large vessels - the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This is achieved by the normal passage of the nervous impulse on the conductive heart system.
A number of pathological factors leads to a blockade of a pulse or to the formation of anomalous extraordinary pulses, impede the normal reduction of myocardium. This is the essence of arrhythmias, and some of them are dangerous not only for health, but also for life.
May be congenital and acquired. With these states, the valve apparatus suffers. Although some congenital defects in addition to lesions of the valves manifest themselves the unexpection of partitions between the atria, ventricles, as well as abnormal messages between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
The damage to the valves may have a form of deficiency, when the valve flaps are incompletely closed with each other and the stenosis is narrowing the valve opening. In all these cases, blood circulation is disturbed in all organism systems.
This term indicates a set of negative changes in the heart during rheumatism. This disease proceeds with the defeat of most organs and anatomical structures. But most of all suffer joints and heart. With rheumatar, along with valve vices, myocardial inflammation is developing - myocarditis.
With myocardial, inflammatory changes in the heart muscle lead to the oppression of its contractility. This is manifested by a decrease in the pumping function of the heart and the development of heart failure. In some cases, the situation is aggravated by the addition of pericarditis - pericardium inflammation.
Pericarde is represented by two shells, between which there is a sliding space. When you pericade in this space, the fluid accumulates, which further agrees the existing circulatory disorders.
Long artery thromboembolism (TEL).
In Vienne lower extremitiesSome inflammatory processes and blood stasis lead to thrombosis. Over time, the resulting blood clots can be broken. At the same time, the thrombus acts as an embol - pathological education, blocking vascular lumen.
At the bottom of the hollow vein, the thromb-embball is sent to the right atrium, into the right ventricle, and from there - to the pulmonary artery, whose branches are branched in pulmonary fabric.
It should be noted that pulmonary artery is an incorrect name, tribute tradition, when the arteries called all the vessels emerging from the heart. In fact, it is Vienna, because it flows venous blood.
Full blockage of the Embol of the main trunk of the pulmonary artery - 100% instant death. The blockage of its branches is extremely difficult, and also accompanied by serious circulatory disorders and respiration.
This is cardiac pathology, but with the involvement of pulmonary fabric. Elevation of the lungs develops due to heart failure, more precisely - the fall in the reduction of the left ventricle.
Left-deuded heart failure leads to stagnation of blood in a small, pulmonary circulation circle. At the same time, the pressure in the small circle vessels increases so much that blood plasma is lifted in the lumen of the pulmonary alveoli.
This liquid effusion foams when breathing - sometimes the foam leaves the mouth. Like Tel, the swelling of the lungs is extremely dangerous conditionrequiring emergency Mer By eliminating it.
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The elevated cholesterol content is low and very low density leads to its deposit on the walls of the arteries in the form of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are clocked by vascular lumen. At the same time, blood flow is disturbed and ischemia develops in appropriate anatomical zones.
Some pathological processes, including ischemia and inflammation, are complicated by the death of individual myocardial fibers. The dead areas of myocardium are replaced by a connective tissue - sclerosized. This leads to a decrease in myocardial reductions.
The last two states, atherosclerosis and cardiosclerosis are not independent diseases. These are syndromes (complexes of negative changes, symptoms), which accompany other diseases of the heart and blood vessels. These diseases can also be combined and mutually soften each other.
For example, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries - the main cause of the IBS. Myocardial ischemia can lead to a heart attack. And the heart attack is often complicated by arrhythmias and pulmonary edema. The combination of various cardiovascular disorders often forms a closed vicious rug. Break this circle, you can only get out of the deadlock using the complex timely treatment.
We try to give the most relevant and useful information For you and your health.
At the present time of the disease of the cardiovascular system are a very common problem among people of all age categories. It should be noted: mortality from these diseases is increasing every year. The factors affecting violations in the work of organs play a huge role.
What criteria are classified such pathologies, what kind of symptoms do they accompany? How are these diseases treated?
What are there?
All pathology of the cardiovascular system is grouped depending on their localization and nature of the flow. Therefore, diseases are divided into such types:
- Heart disease (muscles and valves);
- Diseases blood vessels (peripheral and other arteries and veins);
- General pathologies of the whole system.
There is also a classification of cardiovascular diseases in etiology:
In addition, these pathological conditions are congenital, and may be hereditary and acquired.
Diseases of vessels and hearts are characterized by symptoms and severity.
List of heart muscle diseases and heart valves:
In addition, the heart disease includes rhythm disturbances: arrhythmia (tachycardia, bradycardia), heart blockade.
The pathologies of vessels include:
Common diseases of the cardiovascular system that affect the activities of these bodies in general is:
- hypertonic disease;
- stroke;
- atherosclerosis;
- cardiosclerosis.
The above-mentioned diseases are very dangerous for life and therefore require timely treatment. To avoid such pathologies, it is necessary to comply with the prophylaxis of heart disease and vessels.
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General characteristics and therapy
Common symptoms cardiovascular pathologies are:
It is important to note that the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is carried out with an integrated approach. It includes reception drug addicts, folk remedies, physiotherapy procedures, therapeutic physical education.
Applied also breathing exercises. Scientists have proven that brewing breathing cures cardiovascular diseases.
Ischemic disease
Such a disease is usually manifested in people of old age. This disease is called yet coronary disease Due to the fact that myocardia is amazed due to impaired blood circulation in coronary arteries. Often flows without any signs.
Symptoms are at exercise, the same as during angina:
- sensations of lack of air;
- painful syndrome in the middle of the chest;
- frequent pulse;
- increased sweating.
To improve the condition and prevent different complications, assigned:
In severe cases, it is possible operational intervention - Aorticorona shunting, stenting. Recommended special diet, physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic procedures.
Angina
The people are called chest toas. It is the consequence of atherosclerosis of coronary vessels. With angina, there is a pain of a sample compressive character that gives on the blade and the upper limb on the left side. Also, when attacks, shortness of breath occurs, the severity in the chest area.
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The attack is removed using nitroglycerin and its analogues. For treatment, veta-adrenoblasts (prurrators, agen, azectol, hipres, atenolol), isosorbit dinitrate (Izolong, Datrath, Sorbidin, Cardicket, Etidica) are used.
Patient attribute drugs that block calcium canals, as well as funds that improve metabolic processes in myocardium.
Myocarditis
Myocardial is infected with myocarditis. This contributes bacterial infections, Allergies, weakened immunity. For this disease, acute pain in the chest, weakness, shortness of breath, disturbed heart rhythm, hyperthermia. The studies testify to the increased amount of the body.
If a myocarditis of an infectious nature, then antibacterial therapy is applied. Other drugs appoint a specialist depending on the severity of the disease.
Myocardial infarction
The disease is characterized by the dying of myocardial muscle tissue. This condition is especially dangerous for human life.
Basic Symptoms - painful feelings Behind the sternum, pallor of the skin, loss of consciousness, darkening in the eyes. But if after taking nitroglycerin, the pain during angina passes, then with a heart attack it can disturb even a few hours.
In signs of pathology, it is recommended to ensure rest of the patient, for this it is placed on a flat surface. Urgently need hospitalization of the patient. Therefore, not a honey, you need to call an ambulance. Reception of Corvalol (thirty drops).
The risk of death is dangerous in the first hours of the pathological condition, so the patient is placed in intensive care. Treatment includes the use of funds to reduce venous pressure, normalization of cardiac activity and pain relief.
Rehabilitation activities last to six months.
Heart disease
Pulk heart - deformation of the heart muscle and valves. There are types of this pathology:
- Congenital;
- Purchased.
Tetrad Fallo heart disease
Congenital appear due to the fact that the health of the fetus was incorrectly formed in the mother's womb. Acquired lesions - complication of atherosclerosis, rheumatism, syphilis. Symptoms of the disease are diverse, and depend on the location of defects:
These types of pathologies are also related to cardiac deposits: mitral stenosis, aortalny vice, deficiency of the mitral valve, tricuspid deficiency, stenosis of the mouth of the aorta.
With such diseases, supporting therapy are prescribed. One of effective methods Treatment is a surgical method - during stenosis, a commissioner is carried out, with valve deficiency - prosthetics. When combined vices completely change the valve on artificial.
Aneurysm
Aneurysm is called the disease of the walls of the vessels, when a certain area defined is significantly expanding. Most often it happens in brain vessels, aorta, heart vessels. If the aneurysm of the veins and arteries of the heart breaks, death occurs instantly.
Symptoms depend on the localization of the extension of the vessel - the most frequent aneurysm of cerebral vessels. The disease mainly proceeds asymptomatic. But when the affected area reaches large sizes or is on the verge of a break, then a strong headache is indicated on such pathology, which does not pass within a few days. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor in time to avoid deposits.
Fully get rid of the aneurysm, you can only with the help of surgical intervention.
Atherosclerosis
At the same time, arteries are affected, which are in organs. The characteristic of the disease lies in the deposition of cholesterol on the walls of the vessels, which leads to the fact that their lumen is narrowed, so blood supply is disturbed. Atherosclerotic plaques can break away from the vessels. Such a phenomenon can end with fatal outcome.
Used for the treatment of statins that reduce cholesterol indicator, as well as drugs that improve blood supply.
Hypertonic disease
general characteristics Hypertension is an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Basic symptoms:
Treatment is aimed at reducing blood pressure and eliminate the causes of such a process. Therefore, antihypertensive drugs are prescribed, for example, beta-andrenoblastors (atenolol, sotalol, bisprololol).
In addition, diuretic drugs are used to remove chlorine and sodium (chlorotalidone, indapamide, furosemid), and potassium antagonists to prevent violations in brain vessels (amplodipin, nymodipine, verapamil).
Also, with hypertension, a special diet is prescribed.
Stroke - heavy condition As a result of impaired blood circulation in the brain. Due to malfunction, the brain tissue begins to damage, and the vessels are blocked or breaking. In medicine allocate such types of strokes:
- Hemorrhagic (a vessel break);
- Ischemic (blockage).
Symptoms of stroke:
- acute headache;
- convulsions;
- inhibition;
- drowsiness;
- loss of consciousness;
- nausea and vomiting.
If such signs are observed, urgent hospitalization is needed. To render first aid, it is necessary to ensure the lying position, air flow and exemption from clothing.
Treatment depends on the type of pathology. For the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke, methods apply to lower pressure and stop hemorrhages in the brain or skull. With ischemic - it is necessary to restore blood circulation in the brain.
In addition, prescribe drugs for stimulating metabolic processes. An oxygen therapy plays an important role. It is important to note that post-replicate rehabilitation - the process is long.
Varicose
Varicose veins - a disease that is accompanied by a disturbed work of venous blood flow and vessel valves. Most often the pathology is spreading on the veins of the lower extremities.
Symptoms that are isolated during varicose veins:
- swelling;
- change shade skin Pokrov near the place of defeat;
- muscle cramps (especially at night);
- pain syndrome;
- feeling gravity of the limbs.
Recommended to facilitate the state wearing compression knitwear and physical exercises. Medicia treatment Includes the use of vetonic drugs, preparations that improve venous blood flow, anticoagulants. In severe cases, operational intervention is applied.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels require timely treatment. To avoid complications, therapy should be complex and systematic.
To prevent pathological processes it is necessary proper nutrition, physiotherapy. Effective in this regard is respiratory gymnastics, because it is established that sobbing breathing is healing cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular diseases and hereditary predisposition
Among the main causes of pathologies of heart disease and vessels is a hereditary factor. These diseases include:
Hereditary pathologies make up a large percentage in the list of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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Amyloidosis is one of the rarest chronic heart muscle diseases. With a certain type of failure, the protein is located near collagen, as a result of which myocardial seal occurs.
Angioma
Angoma - benignant tumoraccompanied by the growth of lymphatic (lymphangoma) or blood vessels (hemangioma), which are located under the skin. This defect is formed in the intrauterine period and after the birth of a child, some elements may disappear by themselves.
Angiopathy
Angiopathy is a group of diseases in which the vascular wall is amazed. With this pathology, the tone of its wall is disturbed, temporary paresis and spasms arise. As a result, frequent bleeding may occur.
Aneurysm Aorti
Aortic aneurysm is a local, limited process in aorta, manifested with stretching, protrusion and thinning of the vascular wall. Local extension 1.5 times higher than its diameter. The aneurysm is formed by the clearance between the intimate (inner shell) and the media (medium) or between media and the adventitiation (outer shell), thus the new bloodstream arises, which accompanies the formation bundle.
Aneurysm abdominal aorta
The aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is the local process of stretching, protruding and thinning the wall of the vessel, localized in the abdominal part of the aorta. It is easy to reveal by a sense of pulsation near the umbilical area.
Aneurysm Arc Aorti
Aortic arc aneurysm is pathological processwhich passes in the vascular wall of the aortic arc, is accompanied by an uncontrolled extension and change of the vessel configuration. The disease can manifest themselves with shortness of breath, cough, dysfagia, votes, swelling, swelling and cyanosis of the face, swelling of the cervical veins, which is associated with the compression of nearby organs.
The aneurysm of the downward department of the chest aorta
The aneurysm of the downward department of the chest aorta is a local pathological process passing in one of the parts of the aorta, which manifests itself in the form of a filling, expansion and thinning of the organ wall. The disease is accompanied by pain in the chest, the increase in shortness of breath, cough, anemia. When identifying pathology, urgent or planned surgical resection with the subsequent reconstruction of the remote area is shown.
Heart aneurysm
Heart aneurysm is a disease of the cardiovascular system, in which the pathological protrusion occurs in the place of thinning. Aneurysm can manifest itself shortness of breath, heartbeat, ortopnoe, attacks of asthma, severe disorders heart Rhythm, thromboembolic complications.
Aneurysm Sinus Waltzalviva
Aneurysm Sinus Waltzalva is a pathological spell of a heart, which is complicated by such a process as heart failure. The clinic develops when the aneurysm of the sine waltzalva, which can be accompanied by pain in the chest, shortness of breath, increasing the ailment.
Abstein anomaly
Ebestein anomaly is pathological disease Cardiovascular system, as a result of which the valve dysplasia appears and its displacement to the cavity of the right ventricle. Low physical endurance, shortness of breath, paroxysmal tachycardia, cyanosis, cardiomegaly, right-hand deficiencies, arrhythmias are served by signs of ailment.
Abnormal drainage of pulmonary veins
Anomalous drainage of pulmonary veins is a pathological cause of heart disease, which is based on the process of lung veins in the right atrium or in the hollow large veins. It all depends on the full or partial anomaly. In full, there is no message between the right and left myocardium departments at the level of the atrium, to save the newborn life requires an urgent surgery during the first weeks. In the second - overload of the right departments of myocardium, an increase in pressure in the lung vessels, signs of referentially lack of failure are joined.
Aortic insufficiency
Aortic insufficiency is a chronic disease of the cardiovascular system, in which an incomplete closer of the aorta valve flaps occurs, which leads to the reverse current of the blood from the aorta in the left ventricle.
Aortic Stenosis
Aortic stenosis - a disease in which the narrowing of the outlet occurs aortic valveWhat leads to a limitation of blood flow from the left ventricle towards the aorta.
Heart arythmy
Heart arrhythmia is a violation of heart rhythm. This phenomenon occurs when electrical impulses that stimulate the impact volume are incorrect. As a result, the heart begins to beat too slowly, too fast or nertramically.
Arterial hypertension
Arterial hypertension is a disease of the cardiovascular system, which is the character of a stable blood pressure syndrome (PAD). In this case, systolic pressure (sd) exceeds 139 mm mercury pillars, and diastolic (DD) is 89 mm.
Arterial hypotension
Arterial hypotension - syndrome, which is characterized by a periodic or systematic drop of blood pressure (the upper indicator is less than 100 mm.T., the lower is less than 60 mm.rt.st.).
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the defeat of blood vessels, which is influenced by such harmful effectsAs dependence on nicotine, high levels of cholesterol, as well as the wear of the main vessels. Incorrect diet, a sedentary way of life, permanent stress - All this leads to this fear.
Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis
Atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis is a state that is a consequence of ischemic heart disease. The illness is formed due to the progressive atherosclerosis in the coronary vessels of the heart.
Atresia of a triton valve
The atresia of the three-rolled valve is an anomaly in the structure of the heart of a congenital character, which is characterized by the absence of a natural message between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Atrioventricular blockade
Atrioventricular blockade is a disease in which the function of the conductivity of the heart is disturbed, as a result of which the passage of pulses from the atrias to the ventricles can slow down or stop. As a result, the rhythm of the heart and hemodynamics of blood is disturbed.
Blockade of legs beam gis
The blockade of the gess beam legs is a state characterized by conduction disorders inside the heart. Electrical pulses pass with a slowdown or are not fully conducted through the corresponding cells.
Heart diseases
Heart disease is an inhomogeneous group of diseases that lead to various violations in the functioning of the cardiovascular system. These diseases may have a wide variety of causes.
Bradycardia
Bradycardia is one of the types of arrhythmias, in which the frequency of heart abbreviations (heart rate) is less than sixty shots per minute. Normally, such a state can occur among professional athletes, but in most cases it accompanies any pathology.
Vasculit
Vasculitis is a group of diseases for whom inflammatory processes in small blood vessels are characterized. As a result of this, over time, their elasticity and elasticity are lost, the vessels become brittle. Any people may be sick regardless of age.
Vegeth-vascular dystonia in children
Vegeta Dystonia (VD)
Vegeta dystonia (VD) is a symptom complex of various clinical manifestationswhich affects many organs and systems. As a result, pathologies are developing in structures and functions of central and peripheral vegetative nervous systems.
Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease is a congenital anatomical myocardial defect, its valves or vessels. This condition inevitably leads to changes in the activity and systemic hemodynamics of the heart. In most cases this pathology Requires immediate treatment.
Secondary cardiomyopathy
Secondary cardiomyopathy - changes in structural and functional order in heart tissues, the occurrence of which is due to the action of primary diseases of various nature or pathological conditions.
Hemochromatosis Heart
Hemochromatosis of the Heart (pigment myocarditis, siderocardiosis) - a disease that is characterized by a violation of the organ of the organ as a result of the iron metabolism defect.
Hypertonic disease
Hypertensive disease is a disease that is characterized by an increase in blood pressure over 140/90 mm.T. and may have periodic or constant hedgehogs.
Hypertensive crisis
Hypertensive crisis is a disease in which a sudden critical increase in blood pressure occurs, which is why neareegetative disorders are observed, deviations in cerebral hemodynamics, the occurrence of acute heart failure.
Hypertension
Hypertension is a disease of chronic origin, in which a constant or periodic increase in blood pressure is observed.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - this is a disease that is characterized by the primary lesion of the heart with the appearance of the thickening of the walls of the left ventricle and further development heart failure on diastolic type.
Left ventricular hypertrophy
Hypertrophy of the left ventricle is a disease for which a seal is characterized in the left wall of the heart of the heart. If the patient has a seal in the partition between the right and left ventricle, this state may entail a loss of elasticity in the walls.
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle - pathological stateAt which the right ventricle increases in size, which leads to the development of serious disabilities and heart overload.
Purulent pericarditis
Purulent pericarditis - a disease that is characterized infectious inflammation Serous Heart Shell, accumulating in the pericardial bag (olkumpy bag) of purulent fluid.
Granulomatosis Vegener
Granulomatosis of Vegener (GW) - enough rare diseasecharacterized by inflammation of blood vessels and the formation of granuloma on the human body - accumulation of infected cells. Disease may affect various organs, For example, the ENT organs, lungs, kidneys.
Angina pectoris
Breast toad (angina) - attack strong pain In the heart as a result of a spasm of heartfall (coronary, coronary). With this pathology, blood circulation is broken, there is deficiency in the flow of nutrients and oxygen in a certain portion of the heart muscle.
Defect of aorticular partition
The defect of the aorticular partition (aorticular septal defect, phenoscience, an ortholelet window or aortic fistula) is a congenital anomaly of the intrauterine heart formation, which manifests itself in the presence of a hole, with which the aortic and pulmonary artery barrel is possible.
Defect of the Interpidential Partition
The defect of the interpreservation partition is common congenital pathology Hearts at which there is a large hole in the partition, dividing the right and left atrium.
Dilatium cardiomyopathy
Dilatification cardiomyopathy is the diffuse pathology of myocardium of unknown origin, at which all heart cameras are expanding with pronounced violation Contract function.
Stomatricular extrasystole
The ventricular extrasystole is a violation of the heart rhythm, accompanied by the appearance of additional heart pulses in ectopic foci in the wall of the ventricles, which contribute to infallible reductions of the heart. This is the most common type of arrhythmia, which is found in different age categories.
Peripheral arteries
Diseases of peripheral arteries are the most common inconsistencies, which lead to a gradual narrowing of the lumen of the vessel, as well as complete blockage (occlusion) of the main arteries and aorts.
Idiopathic myocarditis Abramov-Fidler
The idiopathic myocarditis of Abramov-Fidler is a severe pathology of myocardium, accompanied by cardiomegaly, heart failure, a violation of rhythm and performance, thromboembolic syndrome.
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction is the death of a heart muscle area with a sharp emergence of an imbalance between the need of myocardium and in oxygen and its delivery to the heart.
Infectious allergic myocarditis
Infectious-allergic myocarditis is a disease of the heart muscle, which is caused by infection. A characteristic disease can begin at any age, but most often people from 20 to 40 years come to the risk group.
Coronary artery disease
Ischemic heart disease (IBS) is a disease that occurs with a limited flow of oxygen by coronary arteries to the heart muscle.
Cardiosclerosis
Cardioosclerosis is the pathological condition of the heart, characterized by the formation of scar tissue in the heart muscle, which replaces muscular fibers Hearts.
Capacation of Aorta
Aorta Capaccation is a congenital malformation, manifested in a segmental narrowing of aortic lumen and leading to the left ventricle hypertrophy, vessel hypertension upper limbs and hyperfisuy of the abdominal organs.
Combined tricuspid heart disease
The combined tricuspid heart disease is a combined defect, which includes the insufficiency of the three-risk valve and the stenosis of the right atrial-ventricular opening.
Eisenmengenera complex
Eisenmenger's complex is complex congenital vice Cardiac muscle, which includes a defect and hypertrophy of the interventricular partition and right ventricle.
Light heart
Lonantic Heart - The process of magnification right side Hearts appearing due to the pathoral change in blood pressure. Also, this disease appears due to the serious deformation of the chest and the various types of blood vessels of the lungs, their blockage and associated damage.
Mesothelioma Pericarda
Mesothelioma Pericarda is considered to be the rarest tumor and is malignant. As a rule, it is formed from pericardial cells (mesothelial).
Cleaning arrhythmia
Cleaning arrhythmia - a form of violation of the normal contractual activity of the heart. Accompanied by a violation of the work of the heart muscle and the frequent twitching of the atria.
Mixoma
Mixoma is a benign tumor formed from connective tissue. Myxoma content has a jelly consistency. It can appear almost on all organs, mainly in subcutaneous tissue, on the limbs, walls bladder, in oral cavity or in the heart area. Myxoma usually has a leg.
Myocardiodistrophy
Myocardiodystrophia is the damage to the heart muscle of a non-inflammatory nature, characterized by a violation of its metabolism, the occurrence of dystrophic processes as a result of the influence of various factors.
Mitral insufficiency
Mitral insufficiency is the valve pounding of the heart muscle and is characterized by a loose closure of the left valve in the systole process. Because of which there is a reverse outflow of blood from the ventricle in the atrium.
Mitral aortic vice
Aortic-mitral ailment combines negative effects On the valves of the heart muscle. Manifests itself with a narrowing of the 1st valve or stenosis (both valves).
Mitral tricuspid vice
Mitral-tricuspidal defect - a defect that refers to combined heart defects, which includes disorders in the functioning of mitral and tricuspid valves.
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral stenosis is a phenomenon of the narrowing of the mitral hole, as a result of which the normal passage of blood from the left ventricle in the atrium is disturbed (it is between these chambers and is a mitral valve of a bivalve type).
Circulatory disorder
Blood impairment is a view of a pathological condition that develops as a consequence of changes in the volume and properties of blood in vessels or blood outlet beyond the limits of the vascular bed.
Lack of aortic valve
The lack of aortic valve is one of the common varieties of heart defect, which is characterized by the insufficiently tight closure of the northern valve flaps, which is due to the relaxation of the left ventricle of the heart, part of the blood hits (reverse current).
Launch of the pulmonary artery valve
Launch of the pulmonary artery valve is one of the defects of heart defect. There is incomplete closure of the valve during the diastole of the right ventricle holes of the pulmonary artery, which leads to the occurrence of the reverse current of the blood in the ventricle from the artery.
Cardiopsychoneurosis
Neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) is a disease for which the lesion of the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine system is characterized, which leads to the disorders of neuroendocrine regulation and the emergence of various clinical signs of lesion arising against the background of stresses and intolerance to physical exertion.
Supporting atherosclerosis
Obricultural atherosclerosis is a disease of the peripheral arteries, which is characterized by a violation of the vessels of the lower limbs, which leads to an insufficient inflow of blood.
Supported endarterite
Supporting endarterite is a disease characterized by a violation of peripheral arteries, which leads to an acute reduction in the blood supply to the lower limbs.
Acute occlusion of mesenteric vessels (OMS)
The acute occlusion of mesenteric vessels (OMS) is a dangerous pathological condition in the body associated with a violation of the vascular channel that feeds the mesentery.
Acute occlusion of limb vessels
Acute occlusion of limb vessels - suddenly emerging obstruction of peripheral vessels, which is caused by spasm, arterial injury, thrombosis or embolism.
Acute rheumatism
Acute rheumatism (acute rheumatic fever) - systemic disease connective tissue. It is characterized by the defeat of the cardiovascular system, the development of arthritis (diseases of the joints), erythema (skin syndrome) and chorea (neurological syndrome). It may be observed in children of younger school age, in adolescents against the background of the immune response of the body on the antigen streptococcus group A and the cross reactivity of the person.
Paroxysm
Paroxysism is a condition at which the strengthening of any painful seizure (shortness of shortness, pain, fever) is maximum. Sometimes such a concept is denoted by returning with a certain periodicity of diseases of the disease. Simply put, paroxysism is not a disease in itself, but for any sudden attackcharacteristic of one or another pathological condition.
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is an inflammatory process that strikes the outer shell of the heart. This disease, as a rule, is a complication of a number of other diseases.
Postinfarcloth angina
Postinfarctic angina is syndrome, which characterizes the appearance of anginal attacks during the time intervals from day to two weeks.
Post-infarction cardiosclerosis
Post-infarction cardiosclerosis refers to the shape of the ischemic disease of the heart muscle and is characterized by the substitution of the heart fabric connective.
Acquired vice heart
The acquired heart disease is a disease associated with impaired heart activity, which is due to morphological or functional changes in its valves.
Mitral valve prolapse
The prolapse of the mitral valve is a pathology characterized by a violation of the valve function located between the left atrium and the ventricle. The violation of the structure of the valve leads to lowering its sash in the left atrium cavity at the time of the reduction of the left ventricle, respectively, the definite amount of blood comes back in atrium. With minor regurgitation, it does not appear and does not need treatment. If a part of the reverse amount of blood is large, requires treatment, sometimes a surgical operation.
PROLAPS Mitral Valve in Children
Dislaiming aortic aneurysm
The aortic aurate aneurysm is the occurrence of the defect of the inner aorta shell, followed by the penetration of blood under it and the bundle of the vascular layer with the further formation of the intrauterine hematoma.
Rheumatism of the heart
Heart rheumatism is a chronic disease that is accompanied by an inflammatory process of heart shells associated with connecting tissue impairments, forming rheumatoid nodules, which leads to the development of cardiosclerosis and heart defects.
Cardiac asthma
Cardiac asthma is a severe patient's condition, which is accompanied by the appearance of choking, shortness of breath. Requires urgent medical care, because it may lead to a fatal outcome.
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