The main organs of the urinary system are the kidneys. They filter the blood, cleared of foreign, toxic substances and drugs. The kidneys help to maintain a constant water-salt composition of the blood, through them the end products of metabolism and excess fluid are removed from the child's body. Kidney disease in children is a fairly common occurrence.

Major kidney diseases in childhood

Glomerulonephritis

The inflammatory process in the kidneys can be acute or subacute, and also be chronic.

Acute glomerulonephritis

It occurs most often after suffering ailments - tonsillitis, scarlet fever or erysipelas, and maybe another infectious disease streptococcal nature.

Symptoms of the disease:

A few days after the infection, the baby becomes lethargic, his head hurts, nausea and vomiting appear.
There is a feeling of thirst, puffiness appears on the face - under the eyes, then on the legs and further throughout the body.
Urine becomes intensely red.
BP rises.

Treatment acute glomerulonephritis:

To not be serious complications need to start treatment as soon as possible. Otherwise, acute renal failure is possible - the kidneys will no longer be able to function and filter urine. As a result, there is an accumulation of toxic products in children's body.

To cure kidney disease in children, a special diet is prescribed.

All products are prepared without salt.
Drinking is severely limited.
Fruit and sugar, fruit and vegetable days are shown.
The diet should be expanded to include vegetables and flour dishes.
At the very beginning of the diet, limit the amount of protein consumed.
It is necessary to prescribe the intake of vitamins of all groups.

The main treatment for kidney disease in children is antibiotic therapy

Subacute glomerulonephritis

This disease can develop from acute glomerulonephritis. The disease is characterized by a rapid onset.

Symptoms:

Edema is coming.
Decreases urine output.
Intensively bloody urine.
Strongly rises arterial pressure.

The disease quickly leads to the development of chronic kidney failure. The prognosis is extremely unfavorable. Only sometimes, with timely started and properly conducted therapy, it is possible to prolong the life of the child and cure him.

Treatment is the same as for acute glomerulonephritis. In addition, hemodialysis is carried out - an artificial kidney.

Chronic glomerulonephritis

The cause of its occurrence is not always due to infection. Presumably, the disease may be due to the genetic characteristics of immunity. There may be other reasons that contribute to the emergence of primary chronic glomerulonephritis or the transition of acute glomerulonephritis to chronic.

Forms of chronic glomerulonephritis:

Nephrotic.
Mixed.
Hematuric.

Most common in children aged 1 to 5 years chronic glomerulonephritis nephrotic form.

Symptoms:

Edema.
Blood in the urine is hematuria.
Strong excretion of protein in the urine.
Decreased protein in the blood.
BP does not rise.
The child's skin becomes pale alabaster, cold and dry.
There is dryness in the mouth.
Thirst.
Weakness.
Cough, shortness of breath.
The pulse quickens.
The liver is enlarged.
The amount of urine decreases.

The course of the disease is recurrent. Periods of exacerbation occur after subsiding on a short time symptoms of the disease.

mixed form

It affects mainly older children and is the most severe in nature.

Symptoms:

The child is lethargic, his appetite is reduced.
Pale skin.
Edema of all tissues is observed.
Digestion is disturbed.
There is a headache.
Dizziness.
Sleep is disturbed.

Moderately increased blood pressure, drugs to reduce it become ineffective. As a result, the left ventricle of the heart enlarges. This can be complicated by acute left ventricular failure.

Kidney function is gradually impaired and chronic renal failure is formed.

Hematuric form

It is manifested mainly by constant, persistent and severe hematuria - blood in the urine. In addition, protein is found in the urine - proteinuria. Rarely, blood pressure rises. There are almost no edemas. This form is more often observed in schoolchildren.

Treatment is similar to that for acute glomerulonephritis.

In the phase of chronic renal failure, hemodialysis is used, and kidney transplantation is also done.

Pyelonephritis

This is an inflammation of the renal pelvis and calyces - formations where urine flows from the medulla of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis is acute and chronic.

Acute pyelonephritis

This disease occurs in a child as a result of microorganisms entering the kidneys. Most often this coli, but the disease can also be caused by other microorganisms - Proteus, staphylococcus and others. Pathogens can enter the kidney in three ways:

With blood flow
Through the lymphatics
Through the urinary tract.

Babies of the first months of life most often become infected through the blood. Older children are more likely to develop pyelonephritis developing from an infection urinary tract, and girls get sick more often than boys, since their urethra is shorter and wider. This facilitates the ascent of pathogens to the kidneys.

The development of pyelonephritis is facilitated by any factors that impede the outflow of urine - kidney stones, malformations of the kidneys.

Symptoms of the disease in newborns:

In newborns of the first months, the disease is especially difficult.
Body temperature rises to thirty-eight - forty degrees.
Intoxication increases, vomiting and regurgitation appear.
Observed meningeal symptoms- head tilted back, legs bent at the knees.
Dehydration occurs.
The skin may turn yellow.

When urinating, the baby becomes restless, screaming - this indicates that urination is painful.

Symptoms of the disease in older children:

In older children, the onset of the disease is not so acute. In addition, they usually have pyelonephritis preceded by bladder disease.
This is manifested by urinary incontinence and frequent urge to urinate with a small amount of urine at the same time, burning during urination.
Later, complaints of pain in the abdomen or lumbar region join. If you knock lightly with your fist on the lumbar region, then the pain increases dramatically.

Complications of the disease:

With untreated or poorly treated pyelonephritis, complications are possible.

Sepsis.
Kidney abscess.
Kidney carbuncle.
Inflammation of the perirenal tissue - paranephritis.
The transition of the disease to a chronic form.

Disease treatment:

Bed rest.
Peace.
Heat on the kidney area.
Diet with limited salt. With lots of liquid.
Antibiotics, taking into account sensitivity to them.

Chronic pyelonephritis

This disease develops as a result of an acute process. This is facilitated by factors leading to stagnation of urine, inflammation of the bladder, inflammatory diseases of the genital area in girls and a decrease in the reactivity of the body. Most often, both kidneys are affected.

Symptoms during an exacerbation:

Fever.
Chills.
Frequent urination.
painful sensation when urinating.
Pain in the abdomen or lower back.
Headache.
Pallor.

Treatment is similar to that prescribed for acute pyelonephritis.

nephrotic syndrome

This disease is a toxic-allergic lesion of the kidneys. It appears in the background intrauterine infection, transferred in childbirth asphyxia. Congenital kidney disease and allergies should be added to this list.

Symptoms of the disease:

The disease begins gradually.
fatigue.
Appetite decreases.
The baby becomes irritable.

Later, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, swelling begins to attract attention. At first, it is only pastosity of the face, legs, then the swelling intensifies and spreads throughout the body.

There are accumulations of fluid in the pleural and abdominal cavity.

The child complains of dry mouth, unpleasant taste.
Nausea.
Vomit.
Flatulence of the intestines.
Stomach upset.
Necessary measures for treatment
Bed rest.
Diet - salt in limited quantities, water intake should also be reduced.
Glucocorticoid drugs - prednisolone for a couple - three months.
Heparin, diuretics, the child needs to be given vitamins.

In any case, only a doctor can prescribe proper treatment. Self-medication is not allowed here. Therefore, when symptoms appear, it is urgent to consult a specialist. He will spend necessary examination and make a diagnosis, on the basis of which it will be prescribed effective treatment child.

Sincerely,

If there is a violation of urination in a child, as well as pain in the lower back and fever, it is necessary to check the functioning of the kidneys.

This is especially common in newborns and infants, internal organs and the immune system which are poorly formed.

They are much more susceptible to infectious diseases and even complications.

It is necessary to be attentive to the health of the child, to prevent hypothermia. In case of violations in the functioning of the kidneys, you should take necessary measures.

Types and classification of diseases

Kidney diseases in children are divided into two main types: congenital and acquired.

In most cases, the appearance of diseases of the urinary system is associated with congenital abnormalities.

For example, when a woman during pregnancy had bad habits, often hypothermic or sick with infectious diseases, it is possible that the child will suffer from impaired kidney function.

Also, these disorders are inherited. Acquired - in most cases occur due to hypothermia and weakened immunity.

Congenital diseases include glomerulonephritis, renal failure, oncology, nephrolithiasis, and polycystic kidney disease.

Glomerulonephritis

With this disease, there is inflammatory process in the glomeruli and tubules of the kidneys. Gradually, insufficiency appears and disability may even develop. Additionally, the following symptoms occur:

fast fatiguability;
swelling of the face, especially around the eyes;
sleep problems;
increased irritability, the child often cries;
depression.

Polycystic kidney disease

In violation of blood circulation in this organ occur. It is a compound of Calcium and liquid.

The term "poly" indicates that the number of cysts has become large. This is a hereditary disease.

It passes in most cases asymptomatically. But in adolescence, polycystic disease will develop into chronic insufficiency.

In this case, there are two solutions to the issue: it is the cleansing of the organ with the help of dialysis or the transplantation of a donor organ.

You can live with, but you need to lead the right way of life. Reduce the consumption of salty, spicy and smoked foods.

Structure anomaly

Kidneys develop in a child while he is in his mother's stomach. If the organs develop incorrectly, then this will become clear already at birth. For example, it may be or when one of them is not fully developed.

kidney failure

With this disease, the kidneys do not work to their full potential. It all depends on how the body works. The lower the percentage of functioning, the more dangerous it is for the child. There is an accumulation. In especially severe cases this can lead to death.

The reasons for the development may be different reasons. For example, with, as well as with diabetes mellitus or pyelonephritis.

It can be of two forms: acute or. Sometimes failure appears as a consequence of the use of medications. In any case, if this violation is detected, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor.

Acquired pathologies

These include disorders in the functioning of the kidneys that occur due to infections, or hypothermia.

Nephroptosis

Nephroptosis is not congenital diseases. For its occurrence, certain reasons are necessary.

For example, an organ injury, a sharp change in weight up or down, as well as during strong physical exertion.

With this disease, symptoms such as pain in the lumbar spine appear. Gradually pain become more intense and become permanent.

Additionally, there is nausea, vomiting. If you do not undergo a course of treatment in a timely manner, then over time there will be a need for surgery.

Oncological formations

Gradually, benign or malignant seals can form. Healthy tissues develop into connective tissues, this is how oncology is formed. Additionally, the following symptoms occur:

a sharp loss of appetite, sometimes this condition comes to anorexia;
pain in the abdomen and lower back;
dryness in oral cavity;
weakness and fatigue appear.

In most cases, it is the malignant form of neoplasms that occurs. For more late stages metastases are given to internal organs. There is a violation not only of the kidneys, but also of other internal organs.

Pyelonephritis

If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, then gradually it begins to progress.

Pain is aggravated especially at night. If pyelonephritis becomes chronic, then the symptoms decrease, but they are constantly disturbed.

Symptoms and appearance in newborns

A lot depends on the degree and type of violations. Symptoms can appear from the first days of a baby's life if this is a congenital disease.

There may be symptoms such as an increase in the size of the abdomen, poor urination, as well as a change in the color of urine.

In addition, even the color of the skin may change. It may become more yellow. This is due to the violation of metabolic processes in the body.

To avoid the presence of diseases, it is necessary to monitor the baby from the first days.

Clinical picture in older children

Pain during urination is an indicator of the inflammatory process. Of course, define it small child hard enough. This is especially due to the fact that a large number of diseases on early stages takes place in a hidden form.

Main symptoms:

But sometimes the reason can be absolutely safe - this is. In any case, it is better to reinsure yourself and consult a doctor:

Deterioration general condition. The child becomes apathetic poor appetite. Additionally, there is dryness in the oral cavity, Blunt pain in the lower back, as well as headache.
The amount of urine decreases. A sharp increase in the amount of urine may indicate the presence of diabetes or chronic kidney disease. When an insufficient amount of urine may indicate acute renal failure or.

If these symptoms occur, you must urgently call an ambulance.

Diagnostic and who to contact

If symptoms appear, you should immediately seek help from a specialist.

Modern medicine has a large number of options for diagnosing the body. It is especially important to apply several treatment methods at once for a faster result:

ultrasound examination;
magnetic resonance imaging;
lab tests.

You can start treatment only after the tests have been passed and the diagnosis has been established.

In case of illness, you should contact or pediatrician. Depending on the disease and the degree of its development, treatment is prescribed.

It is possible to determine what treatment to apply for a child only with the help of a specialist. There are several options for resolving this issue.

Treatment Methods

Using various ways treatment of children, you need to understand the risk of adverse reactions. In no case do not self-medicate and monitor the condition of the child.

Traditional measures

Treatment with medicines can only be complex. Much depends on the severity of development, how long it takes and the complications that have arisen during this time.

There are basic measures medical therapy:

If an inflammatory process appears in the kidneys, then it is necessary to use medicines to cleanse the body of urine and toxins.

Doctors prescribe medications to help relieve pain. For example, it can be "Papaverine", "Cyston" and "No-shpa".

If pain cannot be relieved with medicines then surgery is required. Surgical intervention prescribed to eliminate kidney stones, complications of diseases or.

Hemodialysis is used in the presence of renal failure. It is carried out using an apparatus called "artificial kidney", which cleanses the body of toxins and toxins.

ethnoscience

Alternative methods of therapeutic therapy help to eliminate the inflammatory process, especially on initial stage. They are also used as additional remedy during drug treatment.

Especially often used peppermint, St. John's wort, immortelle. Apply them in the form of decoctions, infusions or tea.

Possible Complications

If you do not pay attention to the health of the child in a timely manner, it is possible that the diseases will be complicated. For example, purulent foci and can develop.

Preventive measures

Prevention of diseases in children includes a large number of simple rules. For example, it is very important for the health of the child that the mother takes care of her health during pregnancy. After birth, you need to monitor nutrition, as well as body temperature.

The development of kidney disease can be inherited, as well as be acquired. When the first symptoms occur, it is recommended to consult a doctor. Only a specialist can prescribe treatment.

Inflammation of the kidneys in a child Symptoms Treatment

What factors provoke the child kidney inflammation symptoms, accompanying the development of pyelonephritis .
Inflammation of the kidneys is a name for a number of diseases that can affect renal glomeruli, interstitial tissue, renal cups and pelvis during the development of inflammation. These diseases include: glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, nephritis.

More often kidney inflammation is a complication viral diseases(tonsillitis, influenza ), or the child becomes ill due to a weakened immune system under the influence of any factors. Among patients with pyelonephritis , children under 6 years old are three times more than patients who went to school. The majority of cases are girls (1 boy for 5 girls). This is explained simply: girls by nature have a short and wide urethra , the opposite is true for boys.
Symptoms of kidney inflammation in a child: fever, problems with urination, pain in the lumbar region. But these signs are not a guarantee that the baby has pyelonephritis. Lower back pain in a child is often given to the right side of the abdomen (something similar to acute appendicitis), and the temperature and chills are the same as during a common cold. That's why treatment for kidney inflammation should be carried out only after a comprehensive examination by a pediatric urologist, urine and blood tests . It is difficult to make a correct diagnosis even for an experienced doctor, and if there are hints inflammatory process in the kidneys , the baby is immediately sent to the hospital, they do an examination to confirm or refute the suspicions.

If the baby still find inflammation of the kidneys, a method will be selected for it separately complex treatment. Treatment includes the removal of the focus of inflammation from the renal tissues, the restoration of metabolism in the body, the stabilization of the functioning of the kidneys, the enhancement of the regeneration process, and the exclusion of the occurrence of pathologies. Everything is done carefully so as not to harm the health of the child.

To treat inflammation of the kidneys in a child you will need antibiotic therapy, which is often combined with homeopathy, herbal medicine, uroseptics.
It is impossible to select medicines for the patient on your own, you need to consult with a urologist and nephrologist . The duration of treatment is also determined by the doctor. It will take a couple of months to fight the disease, interrupting therapy from time to time. Then the child will fully recover, however antibiotics disrupt the intestinal microflora , the doctor will advise suitable probiotics in a particular case.

Children who have kidney problems need to undergo ultrasound every 6-12 months, systematically checked by a pediatrician and urologist. Urinalysis also needs to be taken regularly.

The modern development of medicine and nephrology in particular allows treat kidney inflammation in a child quite quickly and without subsequent complications. It is important to seek medical help in time as soon as the child has symptoms that may be caused by inflammation of the kidneys. Treatment of pyelonephritis, nephritis and other kidney diseases is inextricably linked with proper diet and balanced nutrition. . Antibiotics for inflammation of the kidneys in a child are used in the event that . Below we will describe in detail how to prevent the development of the disease, what symptoms are characteristic of pyelonephritis and nephritis, what folk remedies help to get rid of the disease faster.

Now you know what causes contribute the development of inflammation of the kidneys and what symptoms are typical for nephritis or pyelonephritis in children. In no case should you start treatment for inflammation of the kidneys without first visiting a pediatric nephrologist. It is important to accurately identify the source of the disease and as soon as possible start treatment ailment.

Next article.

Kidneys are vital important organ responsible for the water-salt and acid-base balance of the body. They remove many substances, including the products of intoxication of the body resulting from bacterial and viral infections. The activity of the kidneys cannot be called autonomous from the life of the whole organism, it is closely connected with other systems and may suffer from disruption of their work. The children's body is especially sensitive to viral and bacterial attacks, which increases the risk of developing inflammatory diseases in the kidneys.

Causes and symptoms of inflammation in children

Inflammation of the kidneys is the general name for a group of diseases that are expressed in inflammatory reactions in various parts this organ. They are also called jade (from the ancient Greek "kidney") and are divided into types, the most famous of which are:

Inflammation of the kidneys in a child can have a variety of causes. The risk group includes children aged three to seven years, especially if there are older relatives with kidney disease or pathology. The main causes of inflammatory processes in children:

complications after SARS and diseases of the upper respiratory tract(tonsillitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc.);
bacterial infections that affect the kidneys through urinary tract(E. coli, coccal infections, etc.);
transferred skin infections and scarlet fever;
autoimmune reactions after a streptococcal infection;

It is important to understand that nephritis is a consequence of infection, a kind of reaction of the body to the pathogenic flora. This makes it difficult normal functioning kidneys - their filtering capabilities change, urine formation is disturbed.

The risk of developing inflammatory processes increases with:

anomalies in the structure and development of the urinary system;
genetic predisposition to kidney disease;
availability chronic diseases;
hypothermia and decrease due to this normal blood supply to the kidney;
insufficient attention of parents and children to the rules of hygiene - regular washing, changing clothes or diapers, etc.
erratic eating, the absence of normal taste habits and the rare use of water.

Girls suffer from nephritis more often than boys, this pattern is explained by the structure of the lower parts of the genitourinary system.

There are no age limits - inflammation of the kidneys can develop both in an infant and in a teenager if at least one of the risk factors is present.

Regardless of the type and nature of the disease, there are general symptoms indicating the presence of an inflammatory reaction in the body and the affected organ. The most obvious among them are:

If the child is concerned about at least one of these signs, it is worth contacting a pediatrician or nephrologist in order to conduct an examination in time and stop the inflammation.

Important! It should be noted that nephritis can also be asymptomatic, being detected already on acute stages which significantly complicates the treatment and recovery process normal operation kidneys.

Individual symptoms may indicate the nature of the affected area of the kidneys. For example, glomerulonephritis is characterized by swelling and increased pressure, laboratory tests of urine reveal a large amount of blood and protein. With pyelonephritis in children, there are more frequent and painful urination, liquid stool, in infants - frequent regurgitation.

Treatment of nephritis in children

Timely examination and treatment will avoid the transition acute inflammation into chronic diseases. The kidneys are an organ capable of fairly rapid recovery, and in childhood this property is especially important. At correct diagnosis and with careful treatment, this organ is able to recover and continue to function normally. However, when careless attitude complications are possible, up to renal failure and death.

The consequences of chronic kidney inflammation should also not be underestimated - these are serious risks for the future implementation of normal reproductive function in men and women, complicated pregnancy. Therefore, the attitude to the prevention and treatment of nephritis should be extremely serious.

Medical treatment

Staying in the hospital under regular supervision medical staff. This allows not only to constantly monitor the dynamics of the disease, but also easier to implement the obligatory recommendation of the nephrologist - bed rest.

Drug therapy is prescribed only by a doctor in accordance with accurate diagnosis. It includes taking diuretics, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and immunostimulating drugs:

Additional therapies

except drug treatment, the treatment regimen for inflammatory processes in the kidneys in children includes a few more points:

Important! Symptoms of kidney inflammation in children, regardless of their age, should not be ignored by parents.

As a rule, children cannot adequately express their feelings. Pain, discomfort and other signs of illness can be expressed in crying, abrupt changes behavior, irritability and isolation. With an attentive and kind attitude of parents to a child, it is possible to identify the first signs of malaise, stop the development of inflammation in time and its transition to more serious forms of diseases.

The immune system of the child's body is not yet sufficiently developed as in adults. Therefore, it is vulnerable to the effects of most pathogenic microorganisms. After the birth of a child, a very young organism, which began to form even in the womb, continues to develop gradually, and the kidneys complete this process only by 1.5 years. Over time, immunity will return to normal, but so far there is a risk of developing kidney disease in children.

Usually at this time, the child begins to show characteristics, but in some cases such diseases are asymptomatic, which may cause various complications. For this reason, parents need to know how a particular disease manifests itself in order to take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

The structure of the urinary system

Our kidneys are filters natural origin. Blood is pumped through these organs, being cleansed of various toxic compounds (from the outside or as a result of the metabolic process). Together with urine, they are excreted from the body.

The kidneys are bean-shaped and located on both sides spinal column in the region of lumbar. Outside covers them adipose tissue under which there is a fibrous capsule. produced in the parenchyma, and then it enters the bladder through special channels, and from there it leaves the body through the urethra.

The bladder does not fill immediately, but over time. The urge to urinate appears when the "storage" is more than half full. But in violation nervous regulation urinary tract dysfunction may occur.

Therefore, in order to avoid the development of kidney and urinary tract diseases in children, it is extremely important to maintain an optimal balance internal environment organism. Only in this case, the metabolism takes place in working mode, without deviations, blood cells are formed.

At what age does the disease appear?

Many parents are interested in such a question - at what age do diseases begin to manifest themselves in children? As mentioned above, the kidneys in a child are formed by 1.5 years. The urinary system of the fetus, while it is still developing in the womb, does not work at full capacity. In terms of size, the organs in infants are very small and only by the age of 6 months do they acquire normal dimensions.

Often, the disease makes itself felt at critical periods in the development of the child's body. There are only three of them:

Period - from birth to 3 years. This time is the most dangerous in relation to the development of urinary tract disorders. If the parents had similar problems, just now they are starting to appear congenital diseases kidneys in children. At the moment, the final adaptation of the child's body to the new conditions of life is taking place.
Period - 5-7 years. This moment is associated with certain age-related changes occurring in a child's still quite young body. For this reason, many internal systems, including the genitourinary, are not very resistant to the attack of pathogenic microorganisms.
The period is considered adolescence - 14-18 years. Violation of functionality urinary system in given time due to rapid growth along with changes in hormonal levels.

Those children whose parents suffer from pyelonephritis, or they have obvious disorders endocrine system, risk the most. In this case, mothers and fathers need to especially closely monitor the health of their child. This will allow timely detection of alarming "bells", because the sooner this happens, the more successful the treatment will be.

Symptoms

In most cases, kidney disease in a child will be able to identify the local pediatrician. The doctor, after listening to the complaints of the young patient, writes out referrals for surrender necessary analyzes, after which a diagnosis is made and the necessary course of therapy is selected.

Although in some cases the symptoms of kidney disease in children are secretive, or it all starts with signs of a cold, there are characteristic signs that are hard to miss. Caring and attentive parents are able to notice a number of changes:

Elevated temperature body.
When urinating, the child feels pain, as can be guessed from his crying.
Nausea, vomiting.
The color of urine has changed - it has become a dark shade with flaky impurities.
Swelling of the face, which is especially noticeable in the morning after the child wakes up.
Urinary incontinence or its delay.
The child complains about constant feeling thirst and dry mouth.
"Bags" under the eyes.

And since in some cases kidney disease can be hidden, it is necessary to monitor the condition of your child more closely and, just in case, not to lose sight of any changes in his well-being.

The manifestation of the disease in children under one year

Small children, due to their very young age, will not be able to directly tell their parents that something is bothering them. For this reason, adults should be doubly careful. What should alert moms and dads, and how to suspect kidney disease in children under one year old?

First of all, with kidney dysfunction, the color and smell of urine changes. It is also worth paying attention to the increase in the tummy of the crumbs. Regarding boys, a weak jet should also be a cause for concern. At the same time, this is typical in the case of phimosis.

It is important to remember that any warning sign associated with kidney disease should not be left without due attention. Otherwise, it threatens the most unpredictable consequences for the health of the child. For instance, congenital pathology or urinary tract diseases occurring in chronic form, can lead to a significant lag in terms of child development.

But besides this, complications after chronic diseases can be more formidable - acute renal failure. And this phenomenon is already endangering not only the health of the crumbs, but also his life.

Varieties of kidney disease among children

In pediatrics, children are called in their own way. IN medical practice there are more than 30 types of a variety of pathologies in relation to the kidneys and urinary system. And practically most of of which occur in children of different age category. In this article, we will only touch on the most common diseases.

Deterrent problems

Here we are talking about such cases:

Urinary incontinence.
Urinary incontinence.
Enuresis.

The first two cases at first glance are the same and consonant with each other, but at the same time they have significant differences. A disorder such as incontinence is when a child cannot hold back fluid in bladder without any obvious urge. This phenomenon causes significant discomfort not only to him, but also to his parents. Just keep in mind that the child acquires control over urination only by 1-2 years. So far, no such diagnosis has been made.

In case of incontinence, the child feels the urge, but is not able to hold back urine and does not have time to run to the toilet.

In the case of a kidney disease in children, such as enuresis, urine is not retained by the child at night. That is, in daytime the child, if necessary, can go to the toilet in the usual and normal way. However, his bed is usually wet in the morning. In the absence of proper therapy, this type of disorder can persist for the entire life of the child, which is highly undesirable.

Expansion of the renal pelvis

It is implied pathological condition because there is still a physiological state. During the period prenatal development the child's kidneys are not yet able to fully function and all tasks are taken over by the placenta. But in the pelvis of the kidneys, a small amount of urine is still collected, and for this reason, even before the birth of the child, they expand. This is the normal physiology of the child, the condition disappears just in time for 1.5 years.

However, there may be cases of pathological expansion of the renal pelvis, which have a variety of causes. We are talking about reflux, in accordance with which urine is thrown back into the kidney from the ureter. It is also worth considering the abnormal development of these organs. This is also the cause of kidney disease in children.

All young children, without exception, during the first month of life, it is highly recommended to have an ultrasound of the kidneys. And in the case when the physiological expansion of the pelvis is revealed, the situation should be kept under control. To do this, every three months you need to undergo a re-examination. This will allow you to detect any violations in a timely manner and take the necessary measures.

infectious processes

Among all diseases, cases of an infectious nature are much more common. According to medical practice, every third child suffered from such a problem. In the ranking list by frequency of occurrence, these diseases occupy the second line after respiratory infectious diseases.

There are several types of infections in relation to the organs of the urinary system:

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the bladder.
Urethritis - inflammation of the membrane urethra.
Pyelonephritis is a kidney disease in children when the tissues of the organs become inflamed.

In addition, the urinary tract may contain pathogenic microorganisms(bacteria) that do not show themselves. Moreover, they penetrate into the urinary system along the ascending path. That is, their primary location is the perineum and genitals, after which the bacteria reach the bladder through the urethra, and from there they penetrate the kidneys.

By virtue of physiological structure genital organs of girls, they are more likely than boys to be at risk of developing infectious diseases of the urinary system. This is due to the fact that the female urethra is wider and shorter, which contributes to the unhindered movement of bacteria.

It is for this reason that the personal hygiene of girls requires a special approach. At the same time, it is important to carry out the washing procedures correctly - from front to back in order to avoid infection from the anus to the genitals of the crumbs. When the girl reaches a certain age, the mother will have to teach her daughter to carry out such manipulations on her own.

kidney failure

Signs may be associated with partial or complete loss of their functionality. But it all depends on the severity of the manifestation. As a result of complete kidney dysfunction, this threatens with a more formidable complication - acute renal failure. This condition puts the child's life at risk and requires immediate medical attention.

With this pathology, the electrolyte balance, and accumulates in plasma uric acid, and in quite in large numbers. Doctors distinguish two forms of renal failure - chronic and acute. The first type is rather a complication of other diseases of a similar form (pyelonephritis, diabetes, congenital and urinary tract).

Concerning acute condition, then this is usually the result of exposure to toxic substances or a consequence of non-compliance with the dosage medical preparations.

Nephroptosis

This kidney disease in children is associated with the mobility of the kidney, that is, when it is not fixed in a certain position. In the people, this is called the omission of the kidney or the wandering organ.

The most dangerous thing in this case is when the kidney drops. Because of this, the risk of turning the organ around its axis increases significantly. Such torsion leads to stretching and kinking of blood vessels, which in turn threatens to disrupt the blood circulation of the kidneys.

In force again female physiology girls are more at risk than boys.

High salt levels in urine

When a child's metabolism is disturbed in the body, in most cases the number of salt crystals in the urine increases. Often these are phosphates, urates and oxalates. But, in addition to metabolic disorders, this is facilitated by the wrong diet of the child, during which the kidneys cannot cope with the dissolution of salt.

The concentration of oxalates in the urine increases due to overuse foods rich in vitamin C and oxalic acid:

spinach;
beet;
celery;
parsley;
sour apples;
currant;
radish;
cocoa;
chocolate;
cottage cheese;
broths.

TO elevated content urate leads to saturation purine bases, which also violates the water-salt regimen of children with kidney disease. This is achieved through the use of liver, broths, pork, oily fish, sardines, tomatoes, strong tea, sour mineral water. As for phosphates, there are a lot of them if the diet contains foods that are rich in phosphorus:

a fish;
caviar;
cereals (barley, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet);
peas;
beans;
alkaline mineral water.

But at the same time, the changes taking place are temporary, and if you correct the menu of your child in a timely manner, the composition of the urine normalizes in a short time. In the same time this problem in any case should not be ignored!

In the event that the child continues to eat such food, the risk of the formation of sand or stones increases, not only in the kidneys, but also in the bladder. And urolithiasis is a rather serious and unpleasant disease that requires a long and complex course of therapy.

Diagnosis of kidney disease in children

To make a diagnosis, a visual examination of the patient is carried out with the study of his medical card. After that, the doctor prescribes a number of hardware and laboratory research:

General analysis urine - it can be used to determine the presence of a precipitate of salts, blood particles, red blood cells. These data will acquaint the doctor with the functioning of the urinary system of a sick child. For the reliability of the results, urine should be collected in a clean container, after thoroughly washing the child. Girls adolescence Do not pass urine during menstruation.
Complete blood count - this study will show whether there are inflammatory reactions, as well as signs of general intoxication of the body.
Ultrasound of the kidneys - allows you to detect the presence of sand and stones, as well as congenital anomalies of these organs.

In some cases, there is biochemical analysis blood, biopsy, CT, MRI. After listening to complaints from the parents and the child himself, the doctor makes a diagnosis, after which he selects the appropriate course of treatment, based on all the history and research data.

After the diagnosis is made in the course of diagnostics and studies, therapy begins. In this case, it all depends on what exactly the tests show. If the disease occurs in mild form, then treatment can be carried out at home, otherwise - only a hospital.

The use of medications depends entirely on a number of factors: the age of the young patient, clinical picture, the severity of the pathology. These can be such drugs:

With the development of an infectious disease, antibiotics or uroseptics are prescribed.
Hypotensive, as well as diuretics, can lower blood pressure (if necessary).
FROM nephrotic syndrome can be treated with glucocorticosteroids.
In the event that the cause of the problem lies in the abnormal structure of the kidneys, surgical intervention will be required.

It is worth considering that kidney diseases pose a danger to the child, and although they can be treated, they are difficult. During the recovery period, parents should carefully consider the nutrition of their child. The amount of salt consumed should not exceed 5 grams per day.

In addition, diet therapy for kidney disease in children should include the following. Meats and foods that are rich in protein should be avoided, as they put a lot of stress on the kidneys. It is better to pay attention to something else:

potato;
fish;
poultry meat;
dairy products;
eggs;
meat broths.

True, they should be used in limited quantity. Fresh fruits, vegetables, berries will also be useful. There will be no harm from flour products, but this is also a source of carbohydrates. Drinking food is worth freshly squeezed juices, fruit drinks, compotes.