What to give a child from laryngitis. When should an ambulance be called? Symptoms and treatment of laryngitis

Laryngitis in children is an inflammation of the larynx, which is extremely rarely isolated, more often the trachea, and sometimes the bronchi, are involved in the process.
Then the disease sounds like laryngotracheitis, or laryngotracheobronchitis, and often, unfortunately, the prefix "stenosing" is also added to it. Stenosis is translated as a narrowing, and in fact, against the background of inflammation - whether of a viral or bacterial nature, it occurs quite often, especially in children from three to 6-7 years old. Although in Lately the age limits have noticeably moved apart - it is found in both one-year-olds and junior schoolchildren(it happens both in older people and in adults, but there the nature of laryngitis is different, more allergic).
Reasons and clinical manifestations laryngitis
Stenosis of the larynx does not always accompany laryngitis, rather it is a complication of the disease, hence two variants of the clinical picture are possible: stenosis, or the so-called false croup (as opposed to true croup- complete closure of the lumen of the larynx, which occurs with diphtheria of the pharynx) is one of the first signs of the disease. Usually, among the full health of the child, or on the first day of SARS, often in the middle of the night the child begins to cough, the temperature rises, the cough becomes hoarse, “barking”, the voice also disappears at times, wheezes, but never disappears completely - this happens with diphtheria. Second possible option laryngitis is its appearance in the form of a "second" wave of the disease, already against the background of recovery. The symptoms are the same, but more pronounced. Most often, laryngitis in children is caused by a viral infection, and the disease almost never develops against the background of influenza - viruses of the so-called parainfluenza group become the cause.
The treatment of acute laryngitis, as well as tracheitis and bronchitis often associated with it, is the doctor’s business, antibiotics are almost always prescribed in such cases, but I will write about what parents need to know and what to do in general and before the ambulance arrives in a severe case.
Laryngitis in children: first aid
The child must be reassured - it is difficult for him to breathe, it is hot, he does not understand what is happening. Pick up or conveniently put, distract. It is enough to drink a lot of water at room temperature, teas, but not irritating juices. Since the decisive role in the development of narrowing of the larynx is played by allergic reactions for a virus, in particular, swelling of the mucosa, without waiting for difficulty in breathing, the child should be given an antiallergic. Zyrtec is considered the last in terms of strength and harmlessness, the dosages are in the leaflet.
In general, I myself made it a rule in my family, and I suggest to the rest - any drug that at least once was needed by someone from the family should always be at home. It is advisable not to drink the medicine to the end, or buy a little more than prescribed - let a couple of tablets remain in the package. Illness always happens suddenly, often at night, cars suddenly break down, duty pharmacies are closed for repairs… Is all this fuss necessary when there is already something to do?!
A child with laryngitis, after giving decongestants, needs to do distracting procedures - mustard plasters on calves, hot foot baths - while the blood is redistributed from the throat. In general, the "tropical mode" is good - when it's hot and humid, it's best to create it in the bathroom. And then according to the situation - the child calmed down, the cough does not increase or disappeared, the voice became clearer - the child fell asleep, then you can wait for the morning, but calling the doctor is mandatory. If the process has a negative trend, there is a reason to call a helper, and before her arrival, continue the activities described above.

How does laryngitis manifest itself? one year old baby? This question worries many parents. The baby's body is always more vulnerable to infections and viruses than the body of an adult. That is why children are much more likely to suffer from various infectious diseases, such as laryngitis.

Laryngitis in children under one year old is very common and is the most common form of acute respiratory diseases. This is due to the fact that the immunity of a one-year-old child is not yet able to fulfill its protective functions in full.

At about 3 months, babies run out of antibodies in the blood that come from the mother's body during pregnancy. It is during this period that the risk that the child may get laryngitis increases. This disease is common not only in very young children, but also in children under 3-4 years old.

How does laryngitis manifest in a one-year-old child

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx, the most common form of influenza and respiratory infections in children. The disease occurs solely against the background of a weakening of natural immunity, with hypothermia or contact with a high concentration of the pathogen. The occurrence of acute laryngitis with allergic reactions is also recorded, although this etiology is much less common and has a different course.

In a one-year-old child, a disease caused by viral agents can proceed in different ways.

In most cases, laryngitis starts suddenly with a fairly strong rise temperature.

In children under one year old, there is a risk of narrowing the lumen respiratory tract, which can lead to the development of obstructive laryngitis and respiratory failure. This condition is extremely dangerous, so if you experience severe attacks of coughing and difficulty breathing, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Laryngitis in a one-year-old child usually manifests itself as follows:

A sharp rise in temperature.
Strong barking cough.
Voice change.

Since inflammation can also affect the vocal cords, the complete disappearance of the voice is possible during the period of the most severe development of the disease.

The greatest danger in acute laryngitis in young children is precisely the narrowing of the lumen of the larynx. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of this area often leads to the development of a condition such as false croup, which can develop into suffocation. Wherein acute phase laryngospasm most often occurs at night, so many parents decide to call an ambulance.

A few days later, the child begins wet cough with the discharge of a small amount of sputum. This is quite normal, since the infection gets from the larynx to the bronchi, where an immune response develops. The chronic form of the course occurs only in older children.

Treatment of laryngitis in children under one year old

In the vast majority of cases, the causative agents of laryngitis are viral agents. That is why the treatment of the disease with antibiotics and antihistamines is ineffective. Unfortunately, antiviral agents do not always have a visible positive effect.

That is why the treatment of this pathology is based on symptomatic therapy. Most effective means in the fight against laryngitis in children are abundant warm drink and constant ventilation of the room.

The use of large amounts of liquid affects the rheological properties of the blood, diluting it. Some time after taking large amounts warm water the child becomes easier to breathe. This is due to the fact that not only the blood is liquefied, but also the sputum that forms in the lungs when an infection from the upper respiratory tract enters them.

Liquefaction of mucus contributes to its easier and faster discharge from the lungs, and also does not allow it to linger in the inflamed larynx and slow down the healing process.

The condition of the air in the room where the baby is located is also extremely important. It must be fresh and cool. The flow of cold air through the larynx contributes to vasoconstriction, weakening of inflammatory processes and swelling.

In addition to this, to symptomatic treatment should include vasoconstrictor drugs. It is extremely important that the inflammatory process does not pass to the nasal mucosa of the child. If this happened, and the baby's nose does not breathe, the use of local vasoconstrictor drugs is recommended. They not only improve general state child, but will also contribute to an easier flow of cool air.

If the baby has a high temperature, the use of antipyretics is recommended.

Video about croup and laryngitis in children:

It is worth remembering that the use of expectorants in the treatment of laryngitis is not recommended, as this can lead to blockage of the lumen of the larynx.

Of course, the main method in the fight against laryngitis in young children is prevention. It consists in maintaining a normal microclimate in the apartment, proper and varied nutrition, as well as walking. Despite a common misconception, it is useful for young children to be outside, as this contributes to a more correct and rapid formation of immunity.

Inflammation of the larynx in medical practice is called laryngitis. For adults, this ailment is not terrible and can only cause temporary discomfort. But for children, laryngeal edema is very dangerous and can threaten their lives. It is especially worth monitoring the health of your child for parents of crumbs aged 2 to 7 years. Therefore, they simply must know how to treat laryngitis, how to stop an asthma attack and what measures are included in the prevention of the disease.

Types and causes of the disease

According to the type of development, the disease is chronic and acute. The first provokes a persistent cough, frequent colds, high loads on the vocal cords, etc. Regarding the second type, we can say that the factors of its development include viruses and bacteria. Most often, such pathogens are diphtheria bacillus, staphylococci, parainfluenza virus and streptococcus.

As for the causes of the development of laryngitis in children, in most cases it is bacterial or viral infection. Much less often, the disease can manifest itself due to allergies, lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, or weakening of the immune system.

In order not to look for information about how to treat laryngitis in children, parents need to protect their child from negative impact environment and clearly dose the physical activity of a small family member. This is explained by the fact that even after the most seemingly harmless walks on fresh air the child may develop laryngitis. So, for example, an illness can be the result of hypothermia, inhalation of dusty, cold or dry air. The larynx in a baby can also become inflamed after excessive stress on the vocal cords (singing, screaming), as well as as a result of using sprays and aerosols that strongly irritate the respiratory mucosa.

Very rarely, a spasm of the larynx is a consequence of the psycho-emotional state of the baby.

Clinical manifestations of the disease and hospitalization of the patient

In the classic course of the disease, the crumbs initially begin with a slight runny nose and dry cough. In such situations, even the most attentive parents do not think about how to treat laryngitis in children. The drugs that they immediately give to their crumbs, suspecting a banal cold, only “lubricate” the main symptoms. But later, when the child's voice is hoarse, and sometimes completely disappears, breathing is disturbed and asthma attacks appear, it is not advisable to talk about a simple respiratory disease. Urgent need to call ambulance. Professionals will give the crumbs the right medical care and, most likely, will insist on hospitalization of the patient. And you should not refuse this, because in the hospital they know exactly how to treat laryngitis in children.

Symptoms of the disease may appear even brighter during hospitalization. This is explained by the fact that the nervous overexcitation of the crumbs, which is worried and afraid to go to the hospital, is directly related to the respiratory function. Therefore, before collecting the baby in the hospital, he should be reassured.

Symptoms of acute laryngitis

Usually, acute form disease has a viral or bacterial etiology. These pathogens, already a couple of hours after infection, can provoke an extensive inflammatory process in the child's larynx and cause severe swelling of the mucous membranes. This pathogenic effect of microorganisms on children's body mostly at night, which shocks the parents. After all, absolutely healthy baby, who calmly went to bed, already at dawn speaks in a hoarse voice and complains of lack of air.

To on initial stage to diagnose an ailment and quickly find out how to treat laryngitis in children under one year old, adults should know the symptoms that you should pay attention to. The first thing that should confuse parents and cause them concern is an increase in the patient's body temperature. At the same time, the baby’s superficial heavy breathing is heard, and at the moment of exhalation, a weak whistle can be heard. The baby may not have a dry "barking" cough, but the behavior of the crumbs can tell a lot. Children in such cases are nervous, practically refuse sleep and food, often cry.

Chronic laryngitis and its manifestations

Depending on the form of the chronic process, catarrhal, hypertrophic and atrophic laryngitis are distinguished. For the first, in addition to severe hoarseness, sputum is characteristic when coughing and fatigue.

With the hypertrophic course of the disease, the patient develops severe hoarseness, which later can develop into a complete loss of voice. Cough is absent and appears only with exacerbation. Quite often, against the background of such symptoms, parents assume that their child has a sore throat or a cold. They don't even realize true reason the baby’s ailments and do not think about how to treat laryngitis in children until they turn to a pediatrician for help.

The atrophic form of the disease, in addition to pronounced hoarseness, is characterized by a strong dry cough with a small amount of sputum. When expectorating in the mucus, you can notice blotches or streaks of blood.

If parents ignore the symptoms described above and are not interested in how to treat laryngitis in children, the consequences can be very serious. Due to the lack of oxygen in babies, hypoxia and even suffocation can occur.

Viral laryngitis

Respiratory viral infections are common causes development of laryngitis in children. An acute inflammatory process in the larynx in most cases appears as a result of infection with a rhino-syncytial infection, parainfluenza or influenza virus. And before treating laryngitis in children 2 years old and younger, it is necessary to accurately determine the etiology of the disease.

The primary stage of the disease is characterized by general malaise, nasal congestion, fever and pronounced hyperemia of the throat. A little later, these manifestations are complemented by hoarseness and an annoying barking cough. This is due to the fact that the inflammatory process quickly spreads to the vocal cords and the space below them.

Treatment of the viral form of the disease

Concerning general recommendations regarding the treatment of the disease, then all of them are aimed at stabilizing the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs, as well as moisturizing the respiratory tract. In other words, if the crumbs husky voice, he is irritable and constantly coughing and crying, do not panic. After all, a child can feel the anxiety of adults and get scared. The first step is, of course, to go to see a pediatrician, he already knows how to treat laryngitis in children 3 years old. If you can’t make it to the clinic on that day, you can try to call a specialist at home. And at this time, the baby needs to be calmed down and try to convince him that he does not need to cry and talk. After that, the main task of parents is to moisten the room in which their child is located. To do this, you need to hang wet towels on the radiators and backs of chairs, put a large container of water near the patient. During this difficult period of illness for the baby, it is strictly forbidden to turn on various heaters in the room, as they dry the air very much.

If adults have previously encountered an illness and know how to treat laryngitis in children at home, there is no need to waste time, it is better to immediately call an ambulance. In the meantime, the specialists are on the way, the baby needs to be inhaled with saline - the medicine will moisten the airways and slightly improve his condition. A few minutes later, specialists will examine a small patient and, if necessary, hospitalize.

Treatment of the first stage of the disease

Unfortunately, there is no specific answer to the question of how to treat laryngitis in children. Treatment depends entirely on the severity of the disease and the etiological characteristics. So, at the initial stage of the disease, the crumbs need to ensure complete rest and humidify the air in the room. The duty of an adult at the child's bedside is also obligatory, since the disease is characterized by rapid development, which can lead to respiratory arrest.
Mustard plasters or foot baths can be used as distracting procedures. Well improve the condition of the baby inhalation with a nebulizer. Do not forget that the crumbs should be provided with plenty of fluids. You can use warm tea or milk with honey. But before treating laryngitis in children 3 years old (and younger) with this natural product, you should know for sure that the patient does not have allergies. If honey has not yet been given to the child, then the period of illness is not the best time for experiments. An allergic reaction can provoke the active development of edema of the respiratory tract, which will only aggravate the situation. Therefore, it is better for children under 3 years old to give dried fruit compotes and regular teas.

How to treat allergic laryngitis?

If the disease manifested itself as a symptom of an allergic reaction, it is quite difficult to determine its stage. Indeed, depending on the predisposition of the child and the strength of the allergen, the degree of development can replace each other for several hours and even minutes. Therefore, if parents are faced with such a situation for the first time and do not know how to treat laryngitis in children, Komarovsky recommends starting with humidifying the air in the room. Next, the baby should be given an antiallergic agent, for example, the drug "Zodak", "Fenistil" or "Diazolin", and urgently call an ambulance. While the specialists are traveling, it is advisable to take the crumbs from the room in which the allergy began. If the irritant is known, then it is necessary to eliminate it.

It is also worth noting that in search of an answer to the question of how and how to treat laryngitis in children, the advice of a psychologist is far from the last. The main essence of these recommendations is to stabilize the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs at the time of illness. After all, the slightest fear or anxiety can adversely affect the respiratory system, which will aggravate the course of the disease.

Features of the treatment of the second and third degree of laryngitis

If the first stage of the disease can go unnoticed, then the symptoms of the second will make parents think about the immediate hospitalization of the crumbs. But despite this, adults should not panic. The baby needs to ensure peace, and in the meantime urgently call a team of doctors. Until the specialists arrive, the baby is given the same first aid as in the first stage of laryngitis.

A feature of the viral and bacterial form of the disease is the rapid development, so treatment should be carried out exclusively in a hospital. Exactly at medical institution doctors will quickly diagnose, establish the etiology of the disease, and only after that they will determine how to treat laryngitis in children (5 years old, older or younger age- not the point is important).

Depending on the causes and manifestations of the disease, as well as the individual characteristics of the small patient, doctors prescribe complex therapy. It involves the use of inhalations, antipyretics, antibacterial or antiviral drugs, as well as infusion treatment- the introduction of drugs "Prednisolone" and "Eufillin" through a dropper.

How is the fourth stage of laryngitis treated?

If in the first three stages of the development of the disease, the main task of parents and physicians is fast withdrawal symptoms and improvement in the condition of the child, then the fourth is about saving the life of the crumbs. The patient is immediately hospitalized and placed in the ward intensive care. There, the baby is constantly under the supervision of doctors who know how to treat laryngitis in children 4 years old.

In addition, the conditions of resuscitation in cases of deterioration of the child's condition allow for a tracheostomy. This surgical intervention, which is necessary with complete overlap of the glottis - practically the only option to save the baby. A breathing tube is inserted through an incision in the neck.

Inhalation therapy for laryngitis

Before treating laryngitis in children, it is necessary to pay a visit to the local pediatrician and get professional advice. Only a specialist, having examined the child, will confirm the diagnosis and take into account the individual characteristics of the small patient when prescribing therapy.

most efficient and safe method suppression of the symptoms of the disease at any stage of development are inhalations with a nebulizer. turning medicine into an aerosol and delivering it directly to the focus of the disease, this device helps prevent further development pathology. There is no spasm vocal cords and irritation of nerve endings respiratory system.

If the nebulizer is in home first aid kit, many parents do not even have questions about how to treat laryngitis in children (reviews from pediatricians confirm this). Many adults, already taught by bitter experience, at the first manifestations of the disease make inhalations with alkaline solutions for the crumbs. For this use mineral water("Borjomi", "Narzan") without gas or pharmacy saline. This allows you to moisturize the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and improve the condition of the baby. However, with laryngitis, doctors recommend using medications"Prednisolone" and "Euffilin", which will relieve spasm and swelling. But before treating laryngitis in children 4 years of age and younger with such drugs, the dosage should be clearly calculated. The basis for the preparation of solutions is NaCl 0.9%.

Traditional medicine recipes

Of course, no one can forbid parents to use "grandmother's" methods for treating children. But, unfortunately, these recipes can not only be ineffective, but also harm the health of the baby. Such healthy foods, like honey or lemon, can cause an allergic reaction and severe swelling. Yes and on herbal preparations the child's body may react ambiguously.

Of course, we will not categorically state that infusions or decoctions cannot be used for respiratory diseases in babies. But before treating laryngitis in children 2 years of age or smaller crumbs folk remedies be sure to consult your doctor. Perhaps he will supplement the treatment regimen with auxiliary procedures based on traditional medicine recipes.

Just in case, here are a couple of recipes.

Dill seeds (1 tsp) pour boiling water (1 tbsp.), Leave for 40 minutes. Strain and drink a little daily.
A good remedy is an infusion of plantain leaves. To prepare it, 2-3 teaspoons of dry leaves should be poured with boiling water and left for half an hour. Take 20 minutes before meals, 0.5 cup three times a day.

Milk and honey is a classic of the genre. But! Please note that honey is a strong allergen. A teaspoon of honey is dissolved in a glass of warm, not hot (!) Milk. Take three times a day.

So, it's time to take stock. Laryngitis is a rather serious disease, in some cases seizure-inducing suffocation. A strong dry cough delivers the strongest discomfort. Attacks are most often observed at night and can last a couple of hours. Doctors recommend seating the baby higher, placing pillows under the back. How to treat laryngitis in children - folk remedies or medicines - you decide. However, in any case, you need to consult a pediatrician!

Laryngitis - severe inflammation, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the larynx. The onset of laryngitis, the symptoms of which are very contradictory, are provoked by various bacteria, viruses, allergies and other significant factors. characterized by tissue edema and, as a result, the glottis narrows, the disease is quite serious, since it can lead to the development of stenosis - obstructed air passage.

Laryngitis occurs in people of different age groups, but children aged 1 to 3 years are most often affected. The mechanism of development of laryngitis in children and the first symptoms should be known to the parents of babies for timely access to a doctor for medical help.

The development of the disease in toddlers is due to the fact that representatives of this age category very loose mucous unprotected tissues in the larynx. Any adverse external influence can cause sudden development of edema and contraction of the vocal cords.

Reasons for the development of the disease:

Viral or bacterial infections.
Household or food allergens.
Anatomical and functional features.
Psycho-emotional shock.
Hypothermia.
Physical exhaustion.
Voice overvoltage.

Viral and bacterial lesions

As pediatric practice shows, in more than 80% of cases, the development of inflammation of the laryngeal mucosa and damage to the vocal cords occurs due to viral damage. V this case laryngitis is a manifestation of the underlying respiratory viral disease. Often the disease is combined with rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis. The dominant causative agent of laryngitis provoked by a respiratory viral disease is parainfluenza. The peak of the disease is in the autumn and spring months.

Allergic laryngitis

Household allergens that provoke laryngitis spasms include:

smells;
large accumulation of dust;
pet hair;
low-quality toys made of synthetic materials;
fish food.

Statistics show that children who live close to industrial areas, major highways.

The most aggressive food allergens are nuts, primarily peanuts. For children with an allergic mood, eating foods even with a minimal content of peanuts is not recommended.

The cause of the development of laryngospasm can be sprays and aerosols, which are used to improve the condition of the oropharynx in the treatment of respiratory diseases. The drug, which, under pressure, enters the posterior sensitive surface of the pharyngeal wall, in some cases can provoke a reflex contraction of the muscle tissues of the larynx and the vocal cords themselves.

Functional features and anatomical and physiological characteristics

The anatomical features of the structure and features of the development of the upper respiratory tract can become an additional factor provoking the development of inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx or larynx. The main causes of laryngitis of an anatomical nature:

Narrow nasopharynx or larynx (typical for babies).
abundant blood supply to the mucous membrane;
soft and loose subglottic space;
instability, weakening of the immune system.

Children often suffer from laryngitis with a diagnosis of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis. Damage to the mucous membrane of the LO organs, consisting of epithelial-ciliary and fibrous connective tissue, contributes to the congenital weak resistance of the upper respiratory tract.

Children with special needs are at risk nervous system, any overstrain, emotional shock can provoke the development of laryngitis.

First symptoms

The primary manifestations of laryngitis are:

dry "barking" cough;
discharge from the sinuses;
superficial heavy breathing;
increase in body temperature up to 39 0 С;
whistling when inhaling;
sore throat;
swelling of the larynx;
hoarse voice;
bouts of suffocation.

Laryngitis occurs suddenly, as a rule, the disease manifests itself at dawn. V early hours the child has shortness of breath, a feeling of anxiety. This condition often causes fear in the child, which in turn provokes nervous excitement. Jar of Hearts exacerbates the course of the disease respiratory function. The more nervous the child is, the more difficult it is for him to breathe, the number of respiratory contractions reaches 40 movements per minute, breathing becomes superficial.

Forms of the disease, their features

In classical pediatrics, two types of children's laryngitis are distinguished:

Spicy.
Chronic.

For acute course:

Swelling of the throat of varying degrees.
Hyperemia and thickening of the connective muscle tissues of the vocal cords.
Non-closure of enlarged vocal cords, hoarseness.

With all observed:

Perspiration, itching, burning in the throat;
Paroxysmal recurring cough.

In accordance with the medical classifier, generally recognized forms of such a disease in children are distinguished:

Catarrhal.
Hemorrhagic.
Hypertrophic.
Diphtheria.
Phlegmous.
Stenosing.

Catarrhal laryngitis is the most mild form disease, manifested by the following symptoms:

Discomfort, perspiration, itching in the throat.
Hoarseness of voice.
Fast fatiguability.
Systematic cough with sputum.

Symptoms of hypertrophic laryngitis:

Perceptible discomfort in the throat.
The formation of characteristic small nodules on the larynx;
Hoarseness either total loss vote.

A characteristic sign of hemorrhagic laryngitis is the presence of blood inclusions in the sputum, caused by intense coughing, dry mouth, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the larynx. Predisposing factors contribute to the development of the hemorrhagic form of childhood laryngitis, for example, such as:

Liver dysfunction.
Violation of the functions of the hematopoietic system.
Cardiovascular diseases.
Influenza in a toxic form.

In the diphtheria form of the disease, inflammatory processes affect the larynx and palatine, less often others, tonsils. The causative agent of laryngitis is Lefler's wand. With the diphtheria form of childhood laryngitis, a white-gray coating is observed on the visible surface of the larynx and tonsils.

Phlegmous laryngitis is considered a rather severe form of the disease: the submucosal and muscular tissue of the larynx, vocal cords, and perichondria are affected. When visually examining the throat, reddening of the mucous membrane is observed, dead areas are noticeable. The disease is accompanied by a severe, aggravated by swallowing, sore throat, high temperature, respiratory failure. Fortunately, the diagnosis of phlegmous laryngitis among children is rare.

The stenosing form of laryngitis (the second name is false croup) requires the immediate hospitalization of the child, and the adoption of emergency medical measures. False croup causes cyanosis (a special bluish pallor) of the nasolabial triangle, narrowing of the airways and a rapidly developing lack of oxygen.

In children, doctors most often diagnose catarrhal and hypertrophic types of laryngitis.

Stages of laryngitis and their symptoms

In addition to the forms of standard laryngitis, four stages of the disease are distinguished in pediatrics, each of which has its own characteristic features:

The first stage of laryngitis lasts about two to three days. The signs of the disease are blurred, complaints of some discomfort are possible, however, with motor activity the child has an increase in the frequency of breathing, shortness of breath when inhaling.
The second stage is observed 3-5 days after the onset of the development of laryngitis. Typical symptoms:
tachycardia;
shortness of breath even in a state of relative rest;
noisy breathing;
the appearance of a clear contour of the blue nasolabial triangle;
increased breathing rate.
The third stage has the following features:
"barking" lingering cough;
noisy irregular breathing;
shortness of breath on inhalation and exhalation.
The fourth stage is dangerous for a preschool child. At this stage of the disease, a small patient has:
rapid breathing;
convulsions;
bradycardia - low heart rate;
toxicosis, combined with the development false croup.

Treatment of laryngitis in babies up to a year

The diagnosis of laryngitis in a baby that is not a year old is established by a specialist on the basis of a visual examination and data clinical research. Doctors prescribe:

General blood analysis.
Throat swab.

First degree laryngitis

Treatment of laryngitis of the first stage in a child under 1 year old can be carried out at home. Infant parents should:

Restrict voice and physical activity child, to ensure a sparing daily regimen.
Provide plenty of fluids.
Feed the baby only with warm food, tea or other liquid should not be warmer than 40 ° C.
Humidify the air in the room.
Regularly - after 2-3 hours - ventilate the baby's room.

Drug treatment of laryngitis in a child infancy involves taking antiviral and antihistamines.

Antiviral drugs include:

rectal suppositories Viferon and Laferobion;
nasal drops Laferon.

Antihistamines are designed to relieve swelling, alleviate inflammation in the larynx. Children aged from one month to 1 year are prescribed Claritin, Fenistil and the usual Suprastin.

When the child's cough becomes not so dry, expectorants are used to facilitate coughing, for example, ACC syrup, which can be used from the tenth day of the baby's life.

Another effective measure for 1 month to 1 year, if there is no fever, are inhalations. For the procedure, parents are recommended to use a nebulizer. A small patient is prescribed inhalations with alkaline - "Borjomi" - mineral water or with saline.

Important! When stopping the symptoms of laryngitis in children early age it is forbidden to use strong mucalytics, since the baby does not have the skills to cough up sputum. It is unacceptable to put mustard plasters and warm up the neck and upper chest of the baby.

Treatment of laryngitis 2-3 stages

Treatment of laryngitis of the second and third degree in infancy should be carried out in a hospital setting. The child must be under the supervision of specialists. Therapeutic measures in a hospital setting include:

A course of antibiotic therapy.
Taking antipyretic drugs.
Droppers or injections of corticosteroid drugs (Dexamethasone, Prednisolone, Eufillin).
Inhalations.

Laryngitis 4 degrees

Treatment of laryngitis in children, the symptoms of which can be attributed to the fourth degree of severity, is carried out in the intensive care unit or in the intensive care unit. In connection with the development of stenosis, a trachiostomy is placed in a small patient. A trachiostomy is a special small tube through which oxygen enters the child's body. The medical device is installed in an incision that is made on the front wall of the neck. After the condition improves, when the child can breathe on his own through the larynx, the tube is removed.

Laryngitis in two and three year old children. His treatment

Therapeutic methods for laryngitis in children of this age group include medication and physiotherapy.

Medical treatment

The measures taken are aimed at eliminating inflammatory processes in the larynx, removing puffiness, eliminating the infectious factor, as well as eliminating concomitant symptoms- cough, fever, shortness of breath.

In the treatment of the disease, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and antitussive drugs are prescribed.

To reduce body temperature, apply:

Panadol in any form.
Efferalgan.
Cyfecon.
Paracetamol.

Ibufen is prescribed as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Medications of the antihistamine (anti-allergic) group:

Fenistil (drops).
Tsetrin.
Zodak (syrup).
Claricens.
Clarotadine.
Claritin.

For the treatment of dry "barking" cough with laryngitis, the attending physician prescribes antitussives: Stoptusin Fito, Herbion with plantain. After the child's cough becomes wetter, the therapy involves taking expectorants: Alteyka - syrups and "dry" medicine, ACC, Ambrobene.

In cases of bacterial infection in the treatment of laryngitis in children, the pediatrician prescribes antibiotics. Antibacterial treatment is indicated in the following cases:

with a protracted nature of the disease with complications.
if the causative agent is bacteria.

In the treatment of laryngitis in children of the age group from 2 to 3 years, antibiotics are prescribed. penicillin series or broad-spectrum cephalosporins.

The following drugs belong to the penicillin group:

Amoxiclav is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Augmentin - tablets or powder.
Ecoclave (suspension).
Flemoklav Solutab.

A number of cephalosporins used to treat bacterial laryngitis in children include two dosage forms:

syrup;
injection.

Cephalosporins in the form of syrups:

Cefix.
Suprax.
Cefodox.

Injection:

Fortum;
Ceftriaxone.

intolerance to other antibiotics or severe course diseases are prescribed macrolides:

Macropen - in tablets is undesirable up to 3 years.
Claritomycin.
Zetamax retard.
Clubax.
Azitrox.
Hemomycin.

Such therapy involves taking probiotics that help restore intestinal microflora - Bifiform, Bifidumbacterin, Acipol or Probifor are popular.

Physiotherapy activities

The use of physiotherapy allows you to accelerate the removal of puffiness, provides an outflow of blood from the areas affected by inflammation.

Physical therapy measures include:

hot foot baths;
warming the calf zone and feet with the help of mustard plasters;
inhalation.

Treatment measures for laryngitis in children of the age group from 2 to 3 years also include:

compliance with bed rest;
proper nutrition - the child's diet should not contain fried or spicy foods;
plentiful warm drink;
limitation of the child's speech activity.

How to protect your child from laryngitis

Prevention of laryngitis are the following measures:

strengthening immunity;
maintenance of temperature and sanitary conditions in the apartment;
timely treatment of infectious and viral diseases.

Strengthening the immunity of the child is facilitated by systematic hardening, walks in the fresh air, physical exercise. The child's room must be supported temperature regime in the range of 20-22 0 C. The room should be regularly ventilated during ventilation, the child should be outside the room.

In addition, to exclude factors contributing to the development of laryngitis, one should:

to protect the communication of the baby with people with characteristic symptoms of viral diseases (runny nose, cough);
don't drink the baby cold water even in hot weather, the drink should be warm;
avoid contact with allergens;
carry out daily wet cleaning in the room;
take immunostimulating drugs (as agreed with the doctor).

To maintain a humid regime in the child's room, it is recommended to use special devices - humidifiers. In their absence, you can use improvised means, for example, place containers with water in the room or moisten the curtains with a spray bottle.

Laryngitis in children may present with different forms. Acute laryngitis caused by infection of the child with viruses, bacteria, chronic develops due to frequent inflammation of the larynx, allergic cause products and substances allergens. The causes of laryngitis in children are different, sometimes it is difficult to trace what caused the attack.

But the most common are:

Viral and bacterial factor. The mechanism of their penetration into the human body is the defeat of the nasopharynx. Viruses and bacteria accumulate in the larynx, causing a protective reaction of the body in the form of swelling of the vocal cords.
Substances-allergens. An allergic form of laryngitis can be caused by contact with dust, certain products, household chemicals, animal feed, as well as with their hair and house mites.
Reduced immunity. Acute, chronic laryngitis may present as a complication after past illnesses scarlet fever, measles. Also, the cause may be constant physical overwork, frequent hypothermia.
innate tendency. Some children have a congenital predisposition to diseases - lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis. This pathology occurs in late pregnancies when parents over 35 years old, or mothers who, being in a position, did not follow a diet, abused fats and carbohydrates, suffered an infection or preeclampsia. Then the child is recommended therapy aimed at stimulating immunity, timely prevention of infection in the mouth, and dental treatment.
Emotional shock. The nervous system of the child is not yet ready for some events that may occur in life, so the reaction becomes pathological conditions. So mental trauma sometimes causes reflex contraction of the vocal cords. A strong spasm subsequently provokes laryngitis.

Laryngitis is very insidious disease. Affecting the body of a child, it causes pathological changes in the tissues of the larynx of varying degrees:

Catarrhal - the calmest form of the disease, the symptoms of laryngitis in children are practically not noticeable. Asphyxia, no fever, only slight cough, sore throat.
Hypertrophic - now the cough is caused by specific "nodules" that have formed on the laryngeal folds. No runny nose, temperature is normal. After a few days, the baby copes with the symptoms on its own.
Atrophic - given form develops on the basis of long-term chronic laryngitis. Characteristic features - a coughing fit often worries, the mucous membrane of the larynx becomes thinner, the child loses the ability to speak for a long time. V childhood leads to dangerous consequences, because the baby, deprived of the opportunity to communicate, develops inadequately.

Spicy

Acute laryngitis in children occurs absolutely unexpectedly. There are no preliminary symptoms, the baby is cheerful and full of health. The first sign of illness is a change in the timbre of the voice for no reason. Acute laryngitis is often accompanied by subfebrile temperature, which can rise to 39.

At night or early in the morning, the baby begins to be disturbed by a peculiar. The condition apparently worsens, breathing problems begin - the larynx narrows, breathing becomes superficial, ineffective. The clavicles, abdominal muscles and intercostal space are involved in the process of breathing. It is difficult for the child to breathe and speak. The skin around the lips becomes bluish. An attack of laryngitis may recur for 4 nights, but will end sooner if treated quickly respiratory disease which provoked him.

Chronic

Frequently recurring inflammation of the larynx, influenzal and measles laryngitis lead to the development chronic form diseases. Chronic laryngitis is often diagnosed in older children. Repetitive inflammatory processes lead to pathologies of the tissues of the larynx. Secretion glands are reconstructed, vessels expand, tissue hypertrophy occurs.

The main symptom of chronic processes is dysphonia, from a slight change in voice to obvious hoarseness and aphonia.

The child may feel discomfort in the larynx or trachea, slight tingling, but no pain. There are no breathing difficulties. Wet cough. If chronic laryngitis is not cured, it will drag on for a long time.

Stenosing

Stenosing laryngitis in children is a more severe form of the disease. The inflammation progresses rapidly and can affect the respiratory system at a deeper level, causing bronchitis or tracheitis. It is often a concomitant complication of SARS, influenza,. The children's larynx has a very narrow lumen, which, in combination with the inflamed, swollen mucosa, cannot function normally. In addition, the breathing process is aggravated by reflex spasms.

The first sign indicating stenosing laryngitis in children is an attack of "barking" cough, hoarse voice, sore throat. A stenosing cough especially worries the baby at night. Depending on the degree of stenosis, the condition of the child is classified as follows:

Compensation - the child becomes restless, his breathing is difficult, especially during physical activity. However, the body copes easily, the temperature does not rise, oxygen tests are normal. The condition will last 1-2 days.
Subcompensation - the symptoms are gaining strength, inhalation-exhalation is carried out with the help of the collarbones and torso muscles. Constantly tormented by shortness of breath, near the lips the skin becomes cyanotic, which greatly increases paroxysmal cough. The temperature rises, tachycardia is observed. The condition lasts 3-5 days.
Uncompensated stenosis - the functions of breathing, blood circulation are impaired, the child becomes inhibited and lethargic due to accumulated carbon dioxide and hypoxia. Cough subsides, but shortness of breath increases. The baby breathes noisily and often, in the process of breathing it uses the muscles of the chest. You can see how the lower part of the sternum sunk. Arrhythmia and low blood pressure are determined.
Asphyxia is a dangerous condition that threatens the life of the baby. The heartbeat slows down, there is no breathing, convulsions appear, the child may fall into a coma. Blood gassing has reached a critical level.

Allergic

Allergic laryngitis in children begins with a reaction to an intolerable substance. An edema is formed, covering the entire larynx or a certain part of it. The voice is hoarse, there is discomfort when swallowing, at night the child has symptoms similar to 4 stages of stenosis.

The first stage is not dangerous, if the treatment is correct, the consequences can often be avoided. As for the rest, here the prognosis depends on the timeliness and effectiveness of treatment. To cure allergic laryngitis in children, it is not enough to eliminate the symptoms of a developing false croup, it is imperative to eliminate the cause of the reaction - the allergen substance.

Features of the disease in children up to a year

The body of young children weakly resists pathogens, the effects of dry, cold air polluted with dust. Laryngitis in children under one year old can be the result of hypothermia, infectious and viral diseases, inflammation in the nasopharynx.
Swelling of the mucosa, a periodic attack of dry cough - all these are the first signs that determine the presence of laryngitis.

If there was a seizure

If at night at the monthly or one year old baby There was an attack, you can not wait until the morning! You should immediately call an ambulance, a choking child has nothing to do at home. Also, first aid should be immediately provided to alleviate the suffering of the child.

You can not panic and make the child nervous. Emotional shock, crying increase the spasm and narrowing of the larynx.
The baby is useful warm alkaline drink, it removes puffiness well. Suitable Borjomi or any alkaline water. You can make a solution yourself - 1 liter. boiled water + 1 tsp. soda. Drink often and little by little - 10-15 minutes. 1-2 table spoons or teaspoons for month old baby. You can’t drink compotes, juices, coffee, milk is not recommended - all these are allergens that are dangerous in case of an allergic reaction.
It is recommended to give the child a steam bath. Take it to the bathroom, plug the drain and turn on the hot water. There is a lot of steam in the room. You need to sit here for 5-10 minutes, then repeat the procedure after half an hour. The effect will be fast - from the second time the “barking cough” will be moistened, sputum will begin to go away.
Warm foot baths are helpful. Having steamed the legs a little, you need to wrap them up, and give the child a warm drink again.
If the air in the room is dry, it needs to be moistened - wash the floor, hang wet towels, put a basin of water.
To prevent an allergic reaction, use antihistamines- suprastin, as well as drugs that relieve spasm - no-shpa, papaverine. The dosage is calculated taking into account age.
You can use a nebulizer with - the best first aid for a dry cough. You can make a mixture of saline and one of the drugs - lazolvan, pulmicort, berodual, ambrobene. Use this inhalation no more than 2-3 times a day.
If the temperature has risen above 38–39, it is better to give an antipyretic.

Laryngitis in children under one year is much more difficult than in older children. The immune system a month-old baby is not formed, the laryngeal fissure is very narrow, and the mucosa is so loose that the swelling provoked by the disease can deprive the lungs of oxygen.

Signs of laryngitis in infants progress at an incredible rate.

Therefore, diseases such as laryngitis and tracheitis, in view of the possibility of asphyxia, are considered deadly for a newborn and monthly crumbs. Barely noticing the slightest signs of a developing disease, parents are obliged to immediately call a doctor for help. So that the baby does not suffocate, it must be held vertically in your arms and periodically drink warm.

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Effective treatment melodies

It is important that every reader of this article understands that the information on how to treat laryngitis in children is posted here for informational purposes only. Only a qualified physician has the right to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment.
Therefore, if the child has a stenosing cough, the temperature rises, or there is the slightest suspicion of the development of the disease, it is urgent to take the baby to the hospital. The doctor will examine the child, make a general blood test, determine the severity of the disease and, based on this, prescribe an effective treatment.

1 degree stenosis

takes place at home. Here you can create a calm atmosphere of peace and security for your baby, which will save him from unnecessary nervousness. To relieve symptoms, you can do warm foot baths, put mustard plasters, a compress, use a warming ointment, but odorless, so as not to cause an allergic reaction. For the same reason, it is not recommended to give milk, honey, jam, decoctions of herbs.

If the disease is caused by an infection, the doctor will prescribe antibiotics, with allergic form- antihistamines. You will also need to find the source of the allergen and get rid of it.

Daily wet cleaning is required. The air in the room should be fresh, humid, devoid of traces of dust, the room should be ventilated regularly, preferably before going to bed.

2–3 degree stenosis

Treatment of 2 and 3 degrees of stenosis of the disease takes place in a hospital, since the child's condition can deteriorate dramatically. Examination of the child is carried out very carefully, not allowing himself loud sounds, sudden body movements. It is important that parents are nearby, holding the crumbs in their arms. So his nervous system is less stressed and nervous cough does not appear.

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Usually hospitalization implies the mandatory taking general analysis blood, but it is better to carry out this procedure later, when the child's condition returns to normal. Treatment will include the use of inhalations, antipyretic, antibacterial and infusion therapy.

4 degree stenosis

Treatment of the 4th most dangerous stage is carried out exclusively in the intensive care unit and resuscitation. If the rapid development of the disease leads to asphyxia, when the laryngeal fissure is completely blocked by edema, the doctor will put a tracheostomy. The procedure is very complicated: thyroid gland, bypassing the non-functioning glottis, an incision is made into which breathing tube. As soon as the condition stabilizes, the tracheostomy will be removed, and the baby will breathe freely through the nose.

Use of antibiotics

To treat complicated laryngitis, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. This decision is justified by the following factors:

In the process of diagnosis, the bacterial nature of the disease was discovered;
There is a danger of intoxication of the body - the child has a fever, shivering, he feels weak, there is no appetite;
The doctor wants to play it safe with antibiotics to avoid complications.

The following antibacterial drugs are used:

Penicillins:, Ecoclave suspension;
Cephalosporins: syrups, Cefadox, Cefix, Fortum injections,;
Macrolides: Claritomycin, Ecomed, Zetamax retard, Azitrox.

Bacterial laryngitis is very rare, more often its occurrence is due to viral diseases that are useless to treat with antibiotics. Therefore, in effective treatment laryngitis antibiotics are used only when this measure is really necessary.

In conjunction with antibacterial treatment, various probiotics are used to normalize the intestinal flora - Lactobacterin, Probifor, Laktovit.

Inhalations

Inhalations for laryngitis in children are extremely effective and absolutely harmless. An indispensable tool that can relieve an attack with laryngitis are inhalations with a nebulizer. The principle of operation of the inhaler nebulizer is a very fine crushing and spraying of the drug solution.
A solution is placed in the nebulizer, which includes special drugs for inhalation. The device sprays the solution into the smallest particles, they quickly penetrate into the depths of the respiratory organs without causing irritation and spasm.

If the child suffers chronic diseases respiratory system, parents are simply obliged to acquire a nebulizer.

The inhaler greatly facilitates the treatment process. Fulfill therapeutic procedures easy and comfortable with him. It is only necessary to load the composition prescribed by the doctor into the nebulizer.

Still mineral water

Borjomi or Narzan can be added to the nebulizer, after releasing the gas. This inhalation is most effective in the morning. Mineral water relieves swelling, moisturizes the bronchi, eliminates reflex cough. The mineral water nebulizer can be used from the first days of life.

Pulmicort

Quickly affects the mucous membrane, has a softening, anti-inflammatory effect. diluted with saline, the suspension can be used within 30 minutes. The individual dosage is determined by the doctor. Pulmicort can be given to children from 6 months.

Pulmicort is added only to the nebulizer; other types of inhalers are not suitable for this medication. The best treatment provides the use of a mouthpiece or mask. Breathe calmly, evenly. The nebulizer delivers the substance to the larynx, where it is quickly absorbed. After inhalation, you need to wash and rinse your mouth to prevent irritation.

Pulmicort has a long therapeutic effect- about 12 hours. Inhalations should be continued for 1-2 weeks.

This hormonal drug, therefore, in rare cases, it is fraught with side effects, noticing which you should immediately inform your doctor.
Pulmicort can cause allergic reactions in the form of a rash, a feeling of dry mouth, candidiasis in the nasopharynx, from the nervous system can be observed depressive states, nervousness. Before adding pulmicort to the nebulizer, you should consult a pediatrician.

Berodual

The active substances of the drug prevent bronchospasm by acting on their muscles, improves expectorant effect, has a positive effect on the functions of the respiratory system. Berodual is prescribed if the disease has already passed into chronic stage. Berodual, previously diluted with 3–4 ml of saline, is added to the nebulizer.

The dosage of the substance berodual is prescribed by the attending physician. You can not replace the saline solution with distilled water, and also store the prepared mixture. Berodual gives side effects in the form of nervousness, changes in taste, discomfort in the mouth, dizziness, headaches. Noticing the signs side effects should be reported to the doctor.

Compresses

A compress can be used to relieve coughing and provide a warming effect, but first you should consult with your ENT about the appropriateness. this action and also check if there is a temperature. At elevated temperature this method cannot be used. The compress is placed on the chest, neck. A dry compress is used during the day, and a wet compress at night.

Wet compress

It is constructed using alcohol, oils, herbal tinctures, badger fat and nutria. The easiest option is vodka or alcohol compress. Vodka is diluted 1:1 with water, a bandage of cotton wool and gauze is moistened in the prepared solution, squeezed, applied to the body. Next, the bandage should be covered with a layer of polyethylene, and the compress should be wrapped on top with a warm cloth. The main thing is not to tighten the bandage too tight, so as not to pinch the vessels. In this form, the compress is left overnight. In the morning, this place is wiped with alcohol.

Dry compress

In the morning, removing the wet bandage, apply a dry compress. A similar cotton-gauze dressing is used, but already dry. Such a compress warms weakly, it is used at the first stage of the inflammatory process. The compress remains on the body for about 8 hours, then a break for 2 hours and is applied again at night wet dressing. This method therapy requires a long stay at home, you can not go outside.

Prevention

Prevention of laryngitis in children is to increase protective functions children's immunity. The best way prevent respiratory and infectious diseases – . It is useful for a child to take a contrast shower, to be outside more often, to try not to speak, and even more so to scream in the cold.

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If the child is noisy or likes to scream, you should explain to him the importance of the voice mode, visit a doctor who will prescribe sets of exercises for the vocal cords. You can reduce the incidence of laryngitis if you give your child adaptogens - herbal tinctures of aralia and rhodiola, as well as eleutherococcus extract.