Immediately after the birth of the child, the connecting thread between the baby and the mother is interrupted by cutting. The resulting wound is the most vulnerable place on the body of the crumbs. Most parents are afraid to even touch the so-called clothespin, which compresses the open end of the navel. You need to treat such a wound with caution, do not disturb it unnecessarily, but how then to monitor the hygiene of the baby? How to do without this procedure is simply impossible. Parents are obliged to prepare for the appearance of the child and know everything about this issue, so as not to harm their baby.
What is an umbilical cord?
Being in the womb, the child is inextricably linked with the mother thanks to the umbilical cord, inside which there are large blood vessels. After the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped with a special clothespin a couple of centimeters from the umbilical ring and cut. This leaves the baby with a small piece of the umbilical cord.
Parents often ask the question: "How long does the navel heal?" It is impossible to give an unambiguous answer, because the body of each of the children is individual and the healing process too. After about 4-14 days umbilical remnant dries up and falls off by itself, without causing pain at the baby.
Why treat the navel?
Before the rest of the umbilical cord falls off, it oozes and bleeds for a while. During this period, you need to treat the navel daily, otherwise an infection may enter the body of the crumbs. If the child's navel turns red, then most likely the infection has already occurred. In this case, you need to urgently go to the maternity hospital or hospital to receive medical care, since inflammation can provoke the development of sepsis.
Sometimes doctors decide to remove the rest of the umbilical cord on their own. To do this, on the second day after the birth of the baby, the residue is cut off with a scalpel or special scissors, and a sterile bandage is applied in its place. After a day, the bandage is removed and the wound is provided with appropriate care.
How to care for the umbilical cord?
In the first hours after childbirth, a nurse takes care of the baby's navel, she must teach the young mother to independently carry out this procedure. In the maternity hospital, they are obliged to warn the woman in labor that twisting the clothespin, trying to tear it off along with the process is strictly prohibited. Although there are no nerve endings in the umbilical cord, there are blood vessels in it, so you can not break natural process drying of the process, otherwise bleeding may open.
How to handle the navel with a clothespin in a newborn?
To begin with, you should wash your hands with soap and treat the umbilical ring itself with an antiseptic. The clothespin can and should be lifted to process the umbilical residue from all sides. The past generation does not know how to treat the navel, this is due to the fact that before the natural drying and falling off of the umbilical residue, mothers were not discharged from the hospital. At the present time, women in labor are often discharged on the third day after the birth of the baby, and further care for the navel is assigned to them.
How to care for an umbilical wound?
After the umbilical residue falls off, a wound forms, and then the most important stage in caring for the baby's navel begins. There are no special rules on how to care for the umbilical wound after the clothespin falls off, the main thing is regular treatment with sterile products and materials. The process itself occurs through the following steps:
- Treatment umbilical wound hydrogen peroxide. You can use cotton swabs, but it is better to drop a couple of drops of the solution onto the wound with a pipette. The normal reaction is the formation of foam, this should occur during each procedure until the wound heals.
- Crusts form inside the umbilical wound, which should be soaked from peroxide and easily separated from the skin. After that, using cotton swabs, you need to gently clean the navel. Remember that forcibly breaking off dried crusts is prohibited, otherwise bleeding may open.
- Next, you need to dry the wound with a sterile napkin or cotton pad so that no moisture remains in the navel.
- The procedure should be completed by treating the umbilical ring with an antiseptic. At the same time, it is important to push the edges of the navel so that all the inner walls of the wound are treated with the same quality.
The older generation can mislead young parents, because previously they used brilliant green, iodine or a solution of potassium permanganate to treat the navel. Now such funds are not used because of their coloring properties. After all, if a child has a red navel or inflammation has begun, then the rich color of brilliant green or iodine will not allow you to see anything.
Inflamed navel
the most serious and dangerous reason red navel in a child is omphalitis, that is, inflammation of the umbilical wound, ring and all surrounding tissues. How to determine the presence of this process? With omphalitis, you can notice a red spot around the navel, swelling and fever in the child. If inflammation is not noticed in time, then after a couple of days you can find purulent discharge from the umbilical wound.
Given bacterial disease causes discomfort to the child, affects his state of health and general well-being. The baby can become restless, moody, lethargic, he will also have bad dream and he will stop gaining weight. But the main danger of the disease lies in the entry of bacteria into the blood, which will lead to the spread of infection. Omphalitis progresses in the first days after the birth of the baby, but the child's red navel may appear after some time.
When the baby grows up a little and begins to enthusiastically study his body, feeling with his hands, there is a possibility that he will get to the navel. Picking can cause a red navel in an older child (6-10 months). Therefore, it is important to observe the behavior of the infant. Constant wearing of clothes will not allow the child to play with the navel.
Allergic reaction
Another cause of a red navel in a child can be allergic reaction. Redness may indicate that something new to the diet of the baby or mother (if the child eats breast milk) the product is not suitable for the baby and should be excluded for a while. Washing powder, baby cosmetics or new diapers can also cause a similar reaction. Any mechanical irritation, rubbing, diaper rash, close contact with synthetic or chemicals can cause redness and swelling in the abdomen. After a strong straining, intensive rubbing of the navel or hysterical crying of the child, it may be found that the navel inside is red, because the skin in this place is very tender.
How to eliminate redness?
At severe redness you need to be examined by a dermatologist, you can also seek advice from your local pediatrician. How to prevent inflammation? You just need to follow the following rules:
- Be sure to wipe the navel dry after any contact with moisture, avoiding the accumulation of liquid.
- In the first weeks of a baby's life, you can not tightly close the umbilical wound with a band-aid or diaper - it must dry.
- It is necessary to arrange air baths for the baby as often as possible so that the wound dries as quickly as possible.
- Trim your child's nails regularly to keep germs from accumulating underneath.
- Baby underwear should be made from natural fabrics.
- Do not wash baby clothes with synthetic laundry detergent.
- At the first sign of souring of the wound, treat it with peroxide and wipe it dry with a sterile swab.
- Eat foods that provoke an allergic reaction with caution.
During prenatal development All the nutrients the baby receives from the placenta through the umbilical cord. Immediately after birth, it is cut, and all the organs and systems of the baby begin to work independently. At the site of attachment of the umbilical cord to the tummy of the crumbs, an umbilical wound remains, which heals over time. It is very important to take good care of her. We will figure out how to clean the navel, and also consider its main diseases.
Norms
After the baby is born, the umbilical cord is clamped with forceps and cut. Her small area is left and tied, after which a special plastic clip (“clothespin”) is applied to it. Future form the baby's navel depends on how exactly the midwife made the "knot".
After about 3-5 days, the remnant of the umbilical cord dries up and falls off on its own. In its place, an umbilical wound is formed. The average period of its tightening is 1-3 weeks. During this period, it bleeds slightly and gets wet (an ichor is released).
What if the navel does not heal longer? 3-5 days behind the norm is not a problem, if not anxiety symptoms: color changes, heavy bleeding, selections and so on. The physiological increase in the timing of wound healing may be associated with the individual characteristics of the baby, such as a wide or deep navel.
Care rules
In the maternity hospital, the medical staff takes care of the umbilical wound of the baby; after discharge, this task falls on the shoulders of the mother. You should ask your doctor or nurse how to clean your navel during the first month of life.
Care steps:
- Bathe the baby in a separate bath in boiled water (36-37 ° C). You can add to it weak solution potassium permanganate or infusion of herbs with antiseptic properties(strings, daisies).
- After water procedures blot the skin of the crumbs with a terry towel. The abdominal area should not be rubbed.
- With clean fingers, gently push the skin near the navel and put a little hydrogen peroxide on it. After waiting for the reaction (hissing) to stop, blot the remnants of the product with cotton wool.
- wet cotton swab in brilliant green and apply it on the umbilical wound.
Manipulations must be carried out carefully: when trying to clean the navel, it is unacceptable to pick, rub, crush it. If there are yellowish crusts inside, pour peroxide on the wound, wait 2-3 minutes, and they will be removed.
Many modern specialists believe that the navel does not need to be cleaned with antiseptics. Enough daily bathing the baby in boiled water.
In any case, it is important to ensure constant air access to the wound: do not cover it with a diaper and arrange air baths more often. Until the navel heals, the baby should not be laid on the stomach and massaged.
With improper care, as well as for other reasons, there may be various problems. Most often, young mothers are worried that the navel does not heal for a long time, gets wet, inflamed, bleeds, sticks out, changes its color to red, brown or blue. Let's see why this happens.
Omphalitis
Omphalitis is an inflammation of the bottom of the umbilical wound and surrounding tissues caused by bacteria. Basic prerequisites - improper care and weakened immunity. The navel can become inflamed if it is not cleaned at all, and also if the treatment is too active.
There are several forms of omphalitis:
Catarrhal (simple). Symptoms:
- the navel gets wet and does not heal for a long time;
- transparent, bloody and serous-purulent discharge;
- redness of the ring around the navel;
- normal health of the child.
Sometimes the wound darkens - it covers with a crust, under which secretions accumulate. A complication of catarrhal omphalitis - fungus - a pale pink growth of granulations at the bottom of the navel.
Phlegmonous. Symptoms:
- copious purulent discharge;
- protrusion of subcutaneous fat near the navel;
- redness and hyperthermia of the skin of the abdomen;
- fever and general weakness.
This form of omphalitis is very dangerous: it can lead to the spread of infection throughout the body and necrotic tissue damage.
If the navel has become red, darkened, bloody and wet, you need to seek medical help. Catarrh is treated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and antiseptics 3-4 times a day. Fungus is cauterized with silver nitrate. The phlegmonous form requires the appointment of local and systemic antibiotics.
Sometimes a child needs detoxification and infusion therapy. If tissue necrosis has begun, an operation is prescribed.
Hernia
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An umbilical hernia is a protrusion of organs (intestines, omentum) through the umbilical ring. Outwardly, it looks like a tubercle that rises above the surface of the abdomen, which appears when the child cries or pushes. When pressing on the navel, the finger easily "falls" into the abdominal cavity.
According to statistics, a hernia is found in every fifth newborn. This usually happens within the first month of a baby's life. Its dimensions can vary significantly: from 0.5-1.5 cm to 4-5 cm.
A hernia is formed due to muscle weakness and slow tightening of the umbilical ring. It is believed that the tendency to form it is inherited. An additional factor under the influence of which a hernia is formed is an increase in intra-abdominal pressure. Its causes are prolonged strained crying, flatulence, constipation.
For most children, a hernia does not cause any inconvenience. But, having found a protrusion in the navel area, you should consult a doctor. Commonly practiced conservative treatment-massage and gluing a special plaster. By the age of 5-6, most often the hernia disappears without a trace due to the strengthening of the abdominal muscles. If this does not happen, an operation is prescribed to suture the muscular umbilical ring.
In very rare cases, a hernia leads to such a complication as strangulation. It can be suspected if the navel suddenly crawled out, turned blue or appeared on it dark spot and the baby is crying in pain. In such a situation, you should immediately go to the hospital.
Principles of massage
Massage will help to cure a slight protrusion in the navel. It is desirable that the course of procedures be conducted by a specialist. But if this is not possible, then the baby can be massaged independently after the umbilical wound has healed.
Sequencing:
- Stroke the stomach with the palm of your hand around the navel, without affecting the liver area.
- Bending forefinger right hand, move it with the second phalanx around the navel 2-5 times.
- Put a pillow thumb on the navel and lightly press on it, simulating screwing movements 3-5 times.
- Tap on the stomach with the pads of your fingers.
- Place the palms of both hands under the child's lower back. thumbs draw over the oblique muscles and connect them above the navel.
Massage helps to train the abdominal muscles and increase their tone. It must be carried out before meals, laying the child with his back on a flat surface. Massage of the abdomen is done only in a clockwise direction.
Fistulas
Fistula of the navel - connection of the umbilical ring with small intestine or bladder. In the prenatal period, the fetus has choleretic and urinary embryonic ducts. Through the first, food enters, and through the second, urine is excreted. Normally, by the time of birth, they should close. In some babies, the ducts are partially or completely preserved. This is how fistulas are formed.
A full fistula of the urinary duct leads to the fact that the navel becomes wet - urine is excreted through it. At the bottom, you can see a red corolla of the mucous membrane. An incomplete fistula is characterized by the accumulation of a fetid secretion and a change in skin color in the navel area - a pinkish spot may appear on it.
A complete fistula of the choleretic duct is accompanied by a partial removal of intestinal contents and visualization of the mucous membrane. Incomplete fistula provokes serous-purulent discharge from the navel.
Fistula can be diagnosed on the basis of examination, ultrasound and radiography. Treatment is surgical only. Without therapy, a fistula can cause omphalitis and peritonitis.
Other problems
What other problems can arise with the navel of the baby? The most common situations:
- The wound bleeds, a bruise (dark spot) has appeared - an injury has occurred due to careless hygienic manipulations, when putting on a diaper or clothes, when turning over on the stomach. You can clean the wound with peroxide and treat with an antiseptic. If the navel does not heal and bleeds incessantly, you need to consult a doctor.
- The navel gets wet - it got hit foreign body. Must visit pediatric surgeon for him to take it out.
- The navel is red, but not inflamed - the baby "studyed" his body and injured the skin. This often happens at 6-10 months. Another cause of redness is a food or contact allergy. In this case, there will be a rash on other parts of the body.
The navel is one of the most vulnerable areas on the baby's body in the first month of life. Normally, the wound heals within 1-3 weeks. During this period, it must be cleaned very carefully, preventing infection. If the navel of the baby is inflamed, bleeding, sticking out or getting wet, you should show it to the doctor. In most cases, problems can be solved with massage and proper care.
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Inflammation of the navel is rare and can develop in both children and adults.
The medical name for this disease is omphalitis.
Omphalitis(Greek omphalos - navel) - inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue in the umbilical region.
Many people know that newborns have problems with the navel. But not everyone is aware that inflammation of the navel also occurs in adults. Let's try to fill this gap and tell why the navel becomes inflamed in adults.
Indeed, most often omphalitis is a disease of newborns in the first weeks of life, which occurs when the umbilical wound is infected and is manifested by reddening of the skin around the navel, edema, purulent secretions from the wound, abdominal pain, fever.
But what about adults?
Causes of omphalitis.
The cause of inflammation is most often a bacterial (streptococcus, staphylococcus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) or fungal infection.
But for infection of the navel, there are certain prerequisites:
- The presence of a fistula at the umbilical ring. Fistulas are usually congenital pathology due to non-closure of the yolk-intestinal or urinary duct.
- In this case, an entero-umbilical fistula with intestinal discharge is formed in the navel. In the case of non-closure of the urinary duct, a vesico-umbilical fistula is formed, and then the discharge, most often, is urine.
- However, fistulas are also acquired. This can occur after a long inflammatory process of the anterior abdominal wall when a purulent abscess opens through the navel.
- Inflammation of the umbilicus may be associated with anatomical features. So if the skin umbilical canal is very narrow and deeply retracted, dying skin cells and secretions can accumulate in it. sebaceous glands. In this case, if hygiene rules are not followed, an infection can join and cause inflammation.
- Navel wounds, into which, with improper care, pathogenic microorganisms easily enter, which become the causative agents of the disease.
- Currently, it is worth knowing that a piercing in the navel can also cause inflammation.
Omphalitis symptoms.
The main symptoms are redness, swelling of the skin in the navel and the appearance of serous discharge in the umbilical fossa. With more severe forms discharge becomes bloody and purulent, and as a result of intoxication of the body, the general condition suffers. The temperature can rise to 38-39°C. The navel changes its shape and becomes more protruding and hot to the touch. Especially hot will be the area of the epicenter of inflammation. The wound area is covered with a thick crust, and pus collects under it.
The inflammatory process can also spread to the surrounding tissues and umbilical vessels, resulting in arteritis or phlebitis of the umbilical vessels. This is the most dangerous variant of the development of the disease.
There are 3 forms of omphalitis, each of which is a consequence of the previous one, unless appropriate treatment is carried out.
- Simple form (weeping navel). With this form, the general condition does not suffer, and in the navel area there is weeping with serous or purulent secretions, which, when dried, become covered with a thin crust.
With a long-term process at the bottom of the umbilical wound, pink granulations can form in excess and form mushroom-shaped tumors. - Phlegmonous form. it dangerous form omphalitis, because with her inflammatory process already spread to the surrounding tissues. There is a gradual deterioration general condition. If phlegmon of the anterior abdominal wall develops, the temperature can rise to 39 ° C and above. In this case, the umbilical fossa is an ulcer surrounded by a compacted skin roller. If you press on the umbilical region, pus may be released from the umbilical wound. The tissues around the navel are visibly inflamed and swollen, and palpation causes pain.
- Necrotic (gangrenous) form. This is the next very dangerous stage omphalitis. It is very rare in immunocompromised individuals. With it, inflammation spreads deep into internal organs. If the process affects all layers of the abdominal wall, peritonitis may develop. There is a death of the skin and subcutaneous tissue near the navel, and subsequently their exfoliation from the underlying tissues. The skin becomes dark, similar to a bruise after hard hit. Ulcers may form different size. The infection can spread to the umbilical vessels and lead to the development of umbilical sepsis.
Treatment of omphalitis
It is difficult to independently determine the cause of inflammation of the navel. Therefore, it is necessary to consult a surgeon, and if necessary, bacteriological culture of the discharge.
The method of treatment will depend on the cause of the inflammation.
As a rule, omphalitis is treated conservatively, but in the presence of a fistula, surgical intervention is indispensable.
With timely treatment, omphalitis passes quickly enough and the risk of complications of the disease disappears.
A simple form of omphalitis.
1. Daily washing of the navel antiseptics- a solution of furacilin or hydrogen peroxide, as well as lubricating it with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate, 1% brilliant green solution or 70% alcohol. Ointments are also applied - 1% synthomycin emulsion or tetracycline ointment.
With the formation of granulations of the navel, the wound is washed with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, and the granulations are cauterized with a 10% solution of silver nitrate (lapis).
2. From physiotherapeutic procedures, ultraviolet irradiation is applied locally.
Phlegmonous and necrotic form omphalitis.
Treatment of these two forms of omphalitis requires inpatient treatment.
At severe course and general intoxication along with local general treatment with the use of antibiotics a wide range action and taking into account the sensitivity to these preparations of microflora, sown from the umbilical discharge.
At purulent inflammation belly button is often required surgical intervention. To prevent the spread of infection to nearby organs and tissues, the wound is drained, and pus is removed from the wound using a special probe.
Fistulas of the navel.
In the presence of fistulas, rational treatment is possible only surgical method with excision of fistulas and suturing of defects in the wall of the intestine or bladder.
The navel immediately after birth is, in fact, pretty deep wound on the body of a child, a kind of gate for the penetration of infection into the body. But doctors at the initial stage do everything to close these very gates. Further, the task of the mother is to take care of the navel so that there are no prerequisites for inflammatory processes and so that reddened navel in a child.
In this place there is a favorable environment for the reproduction of microbes. You should be aware that even if the wound is completely healed, there is a possibility of bacteria penetrating through the umbilical floor. In addition, microorganisms can be in the well and become more active under certain favorable conditions. Therefore, a red navel in a child can be not only immediately after childbirth, but also later in 2-3 years.
Why does a child have a red navel: reasons
Ofmalit
There is such serious illness omphalitis. This is an inflammation of the navel, umbilical ring and surrounding tissues, which is of a bacterial nature.
With it, the skin around the navel is bright red, there is swelling, heat in the area of inflammation, purulent discharge is possible after a couple of days.
The child is capricious, does not sleep well, but the main danger is that through this channel the infection enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. This disease requires the intervention of a doctor and antibiotic therapy. Most often, it appears in the first weeks after the baby is born.
Self-examination of the body
At 4-5 months, the child, having studied the arms, legs, fingers, finds the navel and begins to play with it, poking around in it. This leads to redness and inflammation.
It is necessary to wean the baby from this habit, put on a tight T-shirt, blouse, distract him with toys. And wash the navel itself with antiseptic preparations.
Inappropriate clothing and more
Various abrasions, irritations, redness and diaper rash due to clothing or household chemicals a common occurrence on the skin of a baby. Sometimes the navel also suffers from this.
Make sure that the clothes are soft and that the washing powder is childish. Rinse the laundry more thoroughly, make sure that the diaper is not too tight.
Nadryny crying - the cause of redness of the navel in a child
In small children, the skin in the navel is redder and after strong straining or.
Basic rules for caring for a baby's navel
- Dry it thoroughly after bathing by gently blotting with a soft towel or napkin.
- Until the wound has healed, do not cover the navel with a diaper.
- Give your baby more air baths.
- Trim your nails: this will protect against scratches in the most different places body.
- The slightest signs of an inflammatory process are a reason to wash the navel with an antiseptic (check with your doctor).
Dangerous symptoms
- hot skin around the navel;
- increase in body temperature;
- swelling of the umbilical ring, skin;
- the appearance of fluid or pus;
- pulsation in this area.
In these cases, immediately go to the doctor.
The navel is perhaps the most weak point child. Through it, pathogens just need to get into the baby's body. If the infection has penetrated through the navel, then the inflammatory process will definitely begin - omphalitis. As a result, this can lead to damage to some areas of the tissue, blood.
If the navel turns red one year old baby, then this indicates that the inflammatory process has begun. Among other things, redness is accompanied by swelling, very strong pulsation, the skin around the navel becomes hot.
Redness of the navel is not pathological disease, so if it is treated correctly, it will soon disappear. However, if the cause of redness is an infection, then the navel does not just turn red, but turns bright red.
What to do to keep your child safe possible disease, a symptom of which was redness of the navel, and how to manage it further treatment in the formation of redness? So that redness in the navel does not lead to far-reaching and negative consequences for child's body, it is necessary to give this place from birth increased attention. In addition, it is necessary to follow the elementary rules for caring for a child and a painful navel.
- Do not bathe the baby until the umbilical cord falls off, otherwise the moisture will lead to complications. In case of water ingress, it is necessary to treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide and dry it with a sterile cloth.
- Release the navel for air to enter it, and do not cover it with diapers.
- To keep your baby's skin dry, buy things made from natural fabrics.
- When changing a diaper, as well as after the next bath, disinfect the navel each time.
- Bathe the child in boiled water (but not boiling) with the addition of potassium permanganate.
- Control all kinds of skin changes around the navel
If you do not follow these rules, then you should not be surprised why the child has a red navel? Any pediatrician will not hesitate to reproach a negligent parent for such negligence.
If the redness of the navel is also accompanied by purulent discharge, you should immediately call a doctor. In addition, if swelling of the skin around the navel, bloating has been noticed, then it is also necessary to call a doctor. Sometimes with redness, bleeding from the navel is observed. This phenomenon is quite natural, but if it lasts more than 5 minutes, then you need to go to the doctor.
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