Prednisolone - systemic and local drug, based on hormones, has a medium duration of action. It is an analogue of the hormone hydrocortisone synthesized by the adrenal glands.
The active substance of the medication is several times more active than the natural hormone. The drug extinguishes an allergic reaction or prevents its occurrence, has an anti-inflammatory and anti-shock effect, reduces activity immune system.
Outline of the article:
Prednisolone - what is it?
Prednisolone is a synthetic drug based on glucocorticosteroids.
Has antiallergic effect, suppresses the activity of the immune system, extinguishes inflammatory response, makes beta-adrenergic receptors more sensitive to phenylethylamines.
It actively participates in the transformation of metabolic processes in the body. How does the drug affect metabolism?
Chemical composition and dosage forms
Prednisolone is available from many pharmaceutical companies. In preparations from different manufacturers, the concentration active substance is the same, but the accessory components may vary. Prednisolone is available in four dosage forms.
What is Prednisolone prescribed for?
What are the pills taken and the injectable solutions used for? With the help of these dosage forms, the following diseases are cured:
Injections of the drug are made in critical situations: when severe symptoms allergies or anaphylactic shock. Through injections, the medicine is administered to the patient for several days, then pills must be taken.
The drug in tablet form is often prescribed for bronchitis and bronchial asthma, and it also contributes to the successful engraftment of grafts.
What is Prednisolone ointment prescribed for? An external remedy is used to eliminate allergic dermatitis and inflammatory skin pathologies non-infectious origin... The following diseases are cured with the help of the ointment:
- neurodermatitis;
- psoriasis;
- eczema;
- discoid lupus;
- all types of dermatitis;
- various types of rashes;
- toxidermia.
What are Prednisolone eye drops prescribed for? Drops are used to eliminate eye inflammation of non-infectious origin. The following eye diseases are treated with the drug:
- conjunctivitis of an allergic nature;
- iritis;
- uveitis;
- keratitis;
- scleritis;
- blepharitis;
- ophthalmia.
Instructions for the use of tablets
With hormone replacement therapy, adult patients should take 4 - 6 tablets per day, with maintenance therapy - 1 - 2 tablets.
In some cases, the daily dose may be 100 mg of the active ingredient, that is, 20 tablets is the maximum.
The dosage for children is selected by the pediatrician, depending on the age of the child and the intensity of the pathological process.
Typically, infants from two months to a year per day are assigned 0.15 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of body weight, this amount is divided into three doses. Children under 14 years old take 1 mg of active ingredient per kilogram of body weight per day.
It is advisable to take the drug in the morning. You can not abruptly end the use of the drug, the daily dose should be reduced gradually.
Due to the abrupt withdrawal of the medication, renal failure may occur.
After the first week of taking the drug, the daily dose is reduced by 20%, during the second week, the daily dose must be reduced by 2 mg.
Instructions for using the ointment
Sick skin is smeared with ointment three times a day. The minimum therapeutic course is 5 days, the maximum is 2 weeks.
Instructions for using the injection solution
The medicine is injected into the muscles or veins. The daily dose for an adult patient is from 4 to 60 mg of active ingredient. For children medicinal solution injected into the buttock, the dosage and duration of treatment are set by the doctor. Usually, babies from 6 to 12 years old are prescribed 25 mg of active ingredient per day, children from 12 years old - up to 50 mg.
Pharmacokinetics
The tablet quickly breaks down in the intestines, the active substance is completely in the blood an hour and a half after ingestion. The metabolism of the active substance is carried out through a combination with sulfuric and glucuronic acids, mainly in the liver, to a small extent in the kidneys.
The used substance is excreted from the body in urine and bile.
Application during pregnancy, childhood and old age
What effect does Prednisolone have on the body of pregnant women, the elderly and children?
- During pregnancy, especially in the early stages, the use of the drug is allowed only in extreme cases... Glucocorticosteroids can accumulate in breast milk, therefore, the use of the drug during lactation is prohibited.
- In older people, taking glucocorticosteroids is often accompanied by severe side effects.
- In children, glucocorticosteroid drugs can slow growth. Therefore, pediatricians prescribe Prednisolone in a shortened course in the minimum effective dose.
Why is the drug harmful?
Since Prednisolone is a hormonal agent, it begins to act a few days after the first dose. The patient is forced to take medicine long time, which inevitably leads to side effects.
Prednisolone causes quite serious harm to the body: it suppresses the immune system, negatively affects the work of the cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, digestive, and central nervous systems. The consequences of drug treatment are as follows:
- hypokalemia;
- arrhythmia;
- bradycardia;
- thromboembolism;
- heart failure;
- hyperglycemia;
- arterial hypertension;
- glycosuria;
- muscle cramps;
- psychosis;
- hypercortisolism;
- increased intracranial pressure;
- oppression of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands.
Contraindications
Since the drug has multiple side effects, it is forbidden to take it to numerous categories of patients. Prednisolone is contraindicated in:
- peptic ulcer;
- renal and hepatic failure;
- polio;
- syphilis;
- tuberculosis;
- diabetes mellitus;
- hypertension;
- viral skin and eye diseases;
- depression and mental disorders;
- myopathy;
- herpes;
- lymphadenitis;
- osteoporosis;
- hypercortisolism;
- deep mycosis;
- cataracts and glaucoma.
Injections should not be given if the injection site is infected.
Attention, only TODAY!
Prednisone treatment is usually associated in most people with severe consequences in the form of rapid weight gain, which is then impossible to lose, hormonal disorders and other phenomena. Therefore, many patients are afraid of hormonal therapy, even despite the benefits that the medicine gives. The result of therapy will be successful if the doctor's instructions are strictly followed during the appointment and correct scheme reducing the doses of prednisolone after the end of the course.
What's happened
Prednisolone refers to the drug and the active ingredient of the same name. The substance is a synthetic substitute for the natural hormones cortisone and hydrocortisones produced in the human body by the adrenal cortex.
The synthetic analogue acts more aggressively than the endogenous substances: it is 4-5 times stronger than cortisone, and 3-4 times stronger than hydrocortisone. Such activity explains the high efficiency of the drug, since it copes with many diseases, which other drugs fail to face. After oral administration, prednisolone has several actions at once: it eliminates inflammatory processes, suppresses allergic reactions, prevents the formation of exudate, counteracts toxic effects, relieves the shock state of the body.
But this high efficiency and powerful influence on the ongoing internal processes provoke various negative states.
Prednisolone is available in different forms: tablets, ointments, injection solutions. Thanks to this, the drug is indicated for many serious diseases.
It is prescribed for joint damage, severe lesions of the respiratory system, exacerbations of bronchial asthma, various pathologies of connective tissue, skin lesions. Prednisolone perfectly relieves anaphylaxis, traumatic and burn shocks. Applicable hormonal agent and for the treatment of the organs of vision.
The features of therapy with a hormonal agent are determined by the doctor depending on the pathology, he also calculates the dosage and duration of use separately for each patient.
Side effects and rules for withdrawing prednisone
The main danger of long-term treatment with prednisolone is that the drug, replacing the human hormone, gradually reduces the ability of the adrenal glands to synthesize the production of natural human hormones. Due to the constant external supply of artificial hormone substitutes, the amount of endogenous hormones is formed less and less.
Therefore, in the case of a sharp or not well thought out termination of treatment with a glucocorticosteroid, a situation is created when the external source has dried up, and the own source has not yet worked. The resulting vacuum of hormones becomes a shock for the body and provokes its violent reaction. It is especially dangerous to do this if prednisone is taken orally for a long time.
Knowing about this feature, doctors usually act with caution, prescribing small doses of the drug, but at which it is possible healing effect... The same applies to the duration of the course: it is stopped as soon as the patient's condition returns to normal. But all this should take place under the constant supervision of a doctor who knows how to reduce prednisone, and in no case should you stop taking pills on your own.
In order not to provoke a shock reaction (the so-called withdrawal syndrome), it is necessary to allow the adrenal glands to recover correctly and begin to synthesize hormones in an amount at which biochemical processes proceed normally.
Withdrawal symptoms can be judged by the following:
- Elevated or high body temperature
- Muscle and joint pain
- Chills, fever
- Weakness, lethargy.
Such signs are only a lighter version of the response, but the consequences are much more serious. As a result of a sharp decrease in prednisolone and even more complete cancellation of the drug, the adrenal glands may completely refuse.
Therefore, prednisone should be canceled gradually, by slightly reducing the dosage of the administered drug. In this case, it is necessary to constantly monitor the functioning of various organs. If at some stage of withdrawal the patient's condition worsens, then the doctors return to the previous prednisolone regimen, and after stabilization of the condition, they again begin to reduce the dosage.
The most dangerous condition is considered when the dose of prednisolone becomes equal to the level of the natural hormone. In this case, the amount is reduced even more slowly.
The duration of drug withdrawal for different people takes a different amount of time: from several weeks to months, or even a year. But even after the complete abolition of prednisolone, the processes launched by it can occur in the body for several years. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly visit a doctor for examination.
Weight problems after treatment with prednisone
Whether it is possible to recover after treatment with prednisone is one of the most hotly debated topics among patients. It is important to note that the drug itself does not affect appetite in any way. But the substance triggers various processes in the body, affects the level of hormones, which contribute to gaining mass. In order to prevent overgrowth in volumes, it is necessary to prevent weight gain with the first pill of the medicine
However, the most common complaints during and after treatment with a hormonal drug are speed dial extra pounds and the ineffectiveness of the diets and sports used. The main questions on numerous forums and discussions on the Internet are how to maintain the same weight or how to lose weight after prednisone.
In fact, there is not a single universal diet that would suit absolutely every person, since everyone has different dietary habits, body constitution, metabolic rate, diet, rhythm of life, love of sports, the presence or absence of dependence on sweets, and much other. In addition, one must take into account the previous long-term weight gain, dietary preferences, and the ability to limit oneself.
Therefore, any woman who complains about extra pounds after medication dreams of returning to its former forms, it is best to contact a nutritionist. With this approach, a specialist will analyze the most important nuances, figure out which substances are lacking, and which ones are in excess. It is also important to understand that it is necessary to prevent weight gain already in the course of treatment, and not when the arrow on the scales crawled up. And do all this taking into account the characteristics of your disease.
Features of nutrition during and after treatment
The main recommendations for losing weight to those women who consider their weight to be large are to advise on adjusting their nutrition in such a way as to speed up the metabolism and at the same time not cause irreparable harm to the absence of vital important vitamins and other nutrients.
- It is recommended to start the morning with a glass of water: in the evening, prepare 1 liter of water, dip a slice of lemon and a few sprigs of mint into a container. In the morning measure out a glass and drink as slowly as possible, in small sips. It is recommended to stretch the process for 20 minutes.
- Drink enough throughout the day pure water, remembering to do this half an hour before meals. Liquid speeds up metabolic processes, contributing to better calorie burning.
- Distribute food during the day into several meals (preferably 5-6), eat fractionally, in small portions. The last meal should be no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime.
- Meals when taking prednisone should include green leafy vegetables, cabbage dishes, vegetable salads. It is better to completely remove sugar from food, while it is imperative to monitor its content in purchased products, since it is secretly present in most of them.
- Exclude fatty, fried foods from the diet. It is better to replace products made from white flour with whole grain bread, limit hard cheeses, rice and potatoes.
- Those who eat properly, regularly load themselves physically, it is recommended to arrange a fasting day once a week. Low-calorie food is allowed to satisfy hunger. For example, cook a mixture from presoaked wild rice and green mung bean (2 tablespoons each). These foods can be eaten in small portions throughout the day. Drinking water is allowed in unlimited quantities. On other days, it is helpful to replace meat with a quality protein shake, replacing one meal with it.
Prednisolone is a serious hormonal drug that requires respect. In addition to the enormous benefits that it gives, the drug can also cause undesirable effects, which take a lot of time and effort to eliminate. And if there is no desire to drink the remedy only for fear of getting better, then first of all it is necessary to analyze the benefits that prednisolone gives, and only after that think about the figure. With the normal approach, every person has the opportunity to maintain weight during treatment or lose weight after it.
Thank you
Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone(glucocorticosteroid), similar in the spectrum of therapeutic activity to those normally produced in the human body by the adrenal glands. Glucocorticosteroids, including Prednisolone, are used internally in the form of tablets, systemically in the form of injections, and topically - an ointment is applied to the skin and eyes.
Prednisolone has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-shock, anti-exudative, anti-proliferative, antipruritic and immunosuppressive effects. These effects are very powerful and pronounced, therefore, Prednisolone is used only for severe diseases and conditions occurring with severe inflammation, muscle spasm(for example, bronchi, etc.) and profuse exudation, which are potentially life-threatening.
This drug is used only as part of complex therapy for the relief of severe inflammation, edema, itching, exudation and proliferation in vasculitis, rheumatism, arthritis, myocarditis, pericarditis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, periarteritis, bronchial asthma, angioedema, ankylosing spondylitis, drug allergies, dermatitis, hepatitis, eczema, glomerulonephritis, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, tumors, inflammatory eye pathologies and adrenal insufficiency.
Varieties, names, release forms and composition of Prednisolone
All drugs that have the word "Prednisolone" in their names contain glucocorticoid prednisone. Currently, doctors, pharmacists and patients under the name "Prednisolone" mean the entire set of drugs containing prednisolone as an active substance. These drugs are sold under different commercial names, many of which have been registered in the CIS countries over the past 20 years, since before that there was a practice of releasing drugs containing the same active substance by various pharmaceutical plants in cities and republics of the USSR under the same theme. the same name. That is, for example, a drug containing prednisolone was produced at a pharmaceutical plant Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Tomsk and other cities, but it was always sold in pharmacies under the same name "Prednisolone".
Today, many pharmaceutical factories, wishing to protect their production medicinal product, register it under a different name, for example, Prednisol, Medopred, etc. This is done so that people, doctors and pharmacists can quickly navigate what kind of "prednisolone" is produced by a particular plant. This is convenient, since some drugs, for some subjective reasons, may be liked by people more than others. Knowing commercial name such a "good" prednisolone, you can immediately purchase it, and not look for in pharmacies "Prednisolone" produced by a particular plant.
Today, drugs containing prednisone are manufactured and sold under the following commercial names:
- Dekortin N20, Dekortin N5 and Dekortin N50;
- Medopred;
- Prednisol;
- Prednisolone;
- Prednisolone bufus;
- Prednisolone-Nycomed;
- Prednisolone-Ferein;
- Prednisolone hemisuccinate;
- Prednisolone sodium metasulfobenzoate;
- Prednisolone sodium phosphate;
- Prednisolone ointment;
- Solu-Dekortin N25, Solu-Dekortin N50 and Solu-Dekortin H250.
Prednisolone preparations are available in five dosage forms:
- Oral tablets;
- Solution for intravenous and intramuscular injection;
- Powder for solution for injection;
- Ointment for external use;
- Eye drops or suspension.
Prednisolone - prescription
The recipe for Prednisolone tablets is as follows:
Rp .: Tab. Prednisoloni 0.001 (or 0.005)
D. t. d. N 50 in tabletae
S. 1 tablet 3 times a day.
The recipe for Prednisolone ointment is as follows:
Rp .: Ung. Prednisoloni 0.5%
D. S. Apply to affected areas 1 - 2 times a day.
The prescription for Prednisolone eye drops is as follows:
Rp .: Sol. Prednisoloni 0.5%
D. S. Contribute to conjunctival sac 1 - 2 drops, 2 - 3 times a day.
The prescription for Prednisolone injection solution is as follows:
Rp .: Sol. Prednisoloni 3% (30 mg / ml)
D. t. d. N 10 inamp.
S. Administer intravenously 1 - 2 times a day.
In all recipes after the letters "Rp." the name of the dosage form of the drug is indicated (Sol - solution, Ung – ointment, Tab – tablets) and the name of the drug is written in Latin (Prednisoloni). After the name of the drug, the concentration of the active substance is indicated, that is, the dosage. On the next line after the letters "D. t." it is indicated how much of the drug should be given to a person (for example, No. 50 intablet means that a person needs to dispense 50 tablets, etc.). After the letter "S" it is indicated how to use the drug. This prescription line is for the person who will be using Prednisolone.
Effects of Prednisolone (therapeutic action)
Prednisolone with systemic (tablets and injections), local (eye drops) and external use (ointment) has the following therapeutic effects:- Anti-inflammatory action, which consists in the rapid and effective relief of the inflammatory process of any localization and intensity;
- Antiallergic action, which consists in the rapid cessation of the development of an allergic reaction and its manifestations, such as spasm, edema, skin rashes, etc.;
- Anti-shock action, which consists in stopping shock in order to prevent death;
- Antiexudative action, which consists in suppressing the active process of exudation (effusion of inflammatory fluid from tissues);
- Antiproliferative action, which consists in suppressing the active multiplication of cells in the damaged area, which prevents the formation of cicatricial thickening of the walls of organs;
- Antipruritic action, which consists in eliminating the itching sensation provoked by allergic or inflammatory reactions;
- Immunosuppressive action, which consists in suppressing the immune system and creating an artificial immunodeficiency.
Since Prednisolone has a very powerful effect, it is used only in severe cases when other drugs (for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, etc.) do not have the desired effect. If it is possible to maintain a normal state and prevent the aggravation of the disease not with Prednisolone, but with other, "weaker" drugs, then this should be done in this way. Prednisolone should be used only in cases where other drugs are ineffective or a life-threatening condition has arisen (for example, Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, etc.), which must be removed very quickly.
In addition to the listed therapeutic effects, Prednisolone is capable of exerting the following pharmacological effects:
- Increases protein breakdown, decreasing its concentration in blood plasma and tissues;
- Increases protein synthesis in the liver;
- Suppresses active growth in children by increasing the breakdown of proteins;
- Leads to the redistribution of fat, increasing its deposition on the face and upper body;
- Increases blood glucose levels;
- Retains water and sodium in the body, which contributes to the formation of edema;
- It removes potassium from the body and reduces its absorption in the intestine;
- Increases the excitability of the brain;
- Reduces the threshold of convulsive readiness, as a result of which seizures can develop in a person more often when exposed to stimuli of relatively low strength;
- Suppresses the synthesis of its own glucocorticosteroids by the adrenal glands;
- Inhibits the synthesis of thyroid-stimulating and follicle-stimulating hormone (TSH and FSH).
Indications for use
Ointment, eye drops, tablets and Prednisolone solution are used for a wide range of dangerous and serious diseases that occur with severe inflammation, an allergic component and with pronounced sweating of the infiltrate in the tissue, as well as thickening of the wall of the affected organ. Each dosage form is designed to relieve the same pathological reactions that have different localization... So, the ointment is used for skin diseases, drops - for eye pathology, and solution and tablets - for damage to internal organs. Prednisolone in any form is intended only for relieving symptoms, so it should be used as part of complex therapy aimed at curing the disease or achieving stable remission. Consider the indications for the use of each dosage form.
Indications for intravenous and intramuscular administration of Prednisolone solution
Indications for intravenous and intramuscular administration of Prednisolone solution are as follows:- Acute allergic reactions with severe edema, spasm and infiltration (for example, Quincke's edema, bronchospasm, edema and inflammation after an insect or snake bite, large, itchy and painful skin rash, etc.);
- Status asthmaticus;
- Bronchial asthma (severe form);
- Prevention and treatment of thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis;
- Shock (burn, traumatic, operational, toxic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, blood transfusion);
- Anaphylactoid reactions;
- Cerebral edema caused by any cause;
- Acute adrenal insufficiency;
- Acute hepatitis;
- Sharp liver failure or hepatic coma;
- Poisoning with cauterizing liquids (for example, vinegar essence, alkalis, etc.).
Indications for intra-articular administration of Prednisolone solution
The indications for intra-articular administration of Prednisolone solution are as follows:- Polyarthritis;
- Post-traumatic arthritis;
- Osteoarthritis of large joints (hip, shoulder, knee, elbow, etc.);
- Arthrosis.
Indications for the use of Prednisolone tablets and intramuscular injection of the solution
Indications for the use of Prednisolone tablets and intramuscular administration of the solution are as follows:- Systemic connective tissue diseases (for example, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.);
- Acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies joints (arthritis, including psoriatic and gouty, polyarthritis, juvenile arthritis, osteoarthritis, periarthritis of the shoulder scapula, ankylosing spondylitis, bursitis, synovitis, epicondylitis, tendosynovitis, Still's syndrome in adults);
- Rheumatic fever;
- Acute rheumatic heart disease;
- Severe bronchial asthma;
- Status asthmaticus;
- Acute and chronic allergic diseases (allergy to drugs and food, serum sickness, urticaria, rhinitis, angioedema, exanthema, hay fever);
- Inflammatory skin diseases (pemphigus, psoriasis, eczema, atopic, contact, exfoliative and dermatitis herpetiformis, pruritus, neurodermatitis, toxidermia, seborrheic dermatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome);
- Cerebral edema;
- Allergic ulceration of the cornea of the eye;
- Allergic conjunctivitis;
- Inflammatory eye diseases (sympathetic ophthalmia, sluggish uveitis, optic neuritis);
- Adrenal insufficiency, including after removal of the organ;
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia;
- Autoimmune kidney disease (acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and etc.);
- Subacute thyroiditis;
- Diseases of the blood system (autoimmune hemolytic anemia, panmyelopathy, agranulocytosis, leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenia in adults, erythroblastopenia, congenital hypoplastic anemia);
- Diseases of the lungs (acute alveolitis, fibrosis, sarcoidosis II – III degree);
- Tuberculous meningitis;
- Pulmonary tuberculosis;
- Aspiration pneumonia (provoked by entry into the lungs foreign bodies, sputum, water, tissue decay products, etc.);
- Beryllium disease;
- Leffler's syndrome;
- Lung cancer;
- Chorea;
- Hepatitis;
- Digestive tract pathology (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, enteritis);
- Prevention of organ and tissue rejection after transplantation;
- Increased blood calcium levels in cancer;
- Nausea and vomiting while taking cytostatics;
- Multiple myeloma;
- Addison-Birmer disease;
- Androgenital syndrome.
Indications for the use of Prednisolone ointment
Prednisolone ointment is indicated for use in the following diseases:- Hives;
- Atopic, seborrheic, simple and allergic dermatitis;
- Lichen simplex chronicus;
- Eczema;
- Discoid lupus erythematosus;
- Toxidermia;
- Erythroderma;
- Psoriasis;
- Epicondylitis;
- Tenosynovitis;
- Bursitis;
- Shoulder-scapular periarthritis;
- Keloid scars;
- Dupuytren's contracture.
Indications for use of Prednisolone eye drops
Prednisolone eye drops are indicated for use in the following diseases:- Non-infectious inflammatory diseases various parts of the eye (iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, blepharitis);
- Allergic conjunctivitis;
- Inflammatory process in the eye caused by trauma and surgery;
- Sympathetic ophthalmia.
Instructions for use
Regarding the use of any form of Prednisolone, the following simple and immutable rule should be used - use the drug in the smallest effective dose and for a minimum possible term, which is sufficient to relieve an acute condition. Remember that Prednisolone is a drug of "acute conditions", and it is not intended for long-term course use due to numerous, very dangerous and severe side effects. Therefore, after the relief of an acute condition with Prednisolone, one should switch to taking other drugs intended for course use.Consider the rules for using different dosage forms of Prednisolone separately.
Prednisolone tablets - instructions for use
The tablets are washed down with a small amount of water, swallowed whole, without chewing or biting. Prednisolone tablets should be taken in the morning from 6-00 to 8-00 in the morning, strictly after meals. If it is impossible to take the drug at this time, then this should be done before 12-00, since it is in the morning hours that Prednisolone has the most pronounced therapeutic effects. If you can take the entire daily dose of the drug at one time in the morning, then you should do this. If this is impossible for some reason, then most daily dose(at least 2/3) should be taken in the morning, and the remaining amount - around 12-00. At the beginning of therapy, acute and severe conditions should be taken 50 - 75 mg (10 - 15 tablets) per day, and chronic diseases - 20 - 30 mg per day (4 - 6 tablets). After the normalization of the condition, the dosage of Prednisolone is reduced to 5-15 mg per day and the tablets continue to be taken. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor, and depends on the general condition of the person and the effectiveness of therapy.
For children, the dosage is calculated individually by body weight, based on the ratio of 1 - 2 mg per 1 kg of body weight for the initiation of treatment, and 0.25 - 0.5 mg / kg for the maintenance dose.
Prednisolone ampoules - instructions for use
The solution can be administered intramuscularly, intravenously, or intraarticularly. The dosage and method of administration of Prednisolone injections are determined by the doctor individually in each case, taking into account the type of pathology, localization of the affected organ and the presence of a possible period of time for relief severe symptoms... During treatment, the dosage and method of administration of the solution may vary depending on the person's response to therapy. The best way to administer Prednisolone solution is intravenous injections. This means that for various diseases and conditions, the method of choice for the administration of the solution is intravenous. Intramuscular administration of Prednisolone should be carried out only if it is impossible to perform intravenous injection. Intra-articular administration of Prednisolone is indicated exclusively for diseases and conditions in which tissues inside the joint are affected.
When the swelling, inflammation and exudation in the joint have subsided, Prednisolone injections can be replaced with tablets, which should be taken until a stable remission develops.
Since the adrenal glands normally release glucocorticoid hormones into the bloodstream between 6-00 and 8-00 in the morning, injections should be made at the same time. That is, the optimal time for injecting the solution is between 6-00 and 8-00 in the morning. It is recommended that the entire dosage of the hormone be administered at one time in the morning hours. If for some reason it is impossible to enter the entire daily dose of Prednisolone at a time, then you should enter most of it in the morning (at least 2/3), and at lunchtime (12-00) - the remaining amount.
In case of shock, 50 - 150 mg of Prednisolone (2 - 5 ml of a 3% (30 mg / ml) solution) is injected at a time. Re-enter the same amount of solution every 3 to 4 hours during the first day. After that, the doctor determines whether there is a need to continue injections of Prednisolone or they can be stopped. In case of acute insufficiency of the adrenal glands and liver, as well as in case of allergic reactions, 100-200 mg of Prednisolone is administered every 8 hours. With status asthmaticus, 500 - 1200 mg of Prednisolone is injected once, on the second day the dosage is reduced to 300 mg, on the third - up to 150 mg and on the fourth - up to 100 mg. On the 5th - 6th day, Prednisolone can be canceled if the asthmatic status has no longer recurred.
For kids daily dosage calculated individually, depending on age and body weight:
- Children 2 - 12 months - 2 - 3 mg per 1 kg of weight;
- Children 1 - 14 years old - 1 - 2 mg per 1 kg.
The dosage of Prednisolone for intra-articular administration is determined by the size of the joint:
- Large joints - 25-50 mg;
- For medium-sized joints - 10 - 25 mg;
- Small joints - 5 - 10 mg.
How to properly inject Prednisolone
Intravenous injection of Prednisolone is made in two ways - jet and drip ("dropper"). Moreover, in the first hours after the development of an acute state, Prednisolone is injected in a stream, that is, a vein is pierced, a needle is inserted into it and the solution is released from the syringe. This jet injection of the solution is continued until a very rapid effect is desired. After partial normalization of the human condition, they switch to drip introduction of Prednisolone ("droppers"). For this, the required amount of Prednisolone solution is mixed with saline in a volume of 250 - 500 ml and injected at a rate of 15 - 25 drops per minute.Intramuscular injection is performed according to general rules... That is, the solution is injected into the lateral upper part thighs, upper third of the shoulder or in the abdomen if the person is slim. Before the injection, the injection area is wiped with an antiseptic, after which the solution is drawn into a syringe, and the needle is inserted deep into the tissue perpendicular to the skin. By pressing the piston, the solution is released into the muscle, the needle is removed, and the skin is again wiped with an antiseptic.
Dosages of Prednisolone for various diseases
The dosages of Prednisolone for various diseases in the form of a solution for injection are as follows:- Acute adrenal insufficiency - single dosage 100-200 mg, daily dosage 300-400 mg;
- Severe allergic reactions - 100 - 200 mg per day for 3 - 16 days;
- Bronchial asthma - 25 - 35 mg per day for 3 - 16 days (with severe course disease and no improvement within 2 days, the dosage can be increased to 50 - 70 mg per day);
- Status asthmaticus - 500 - 1200 mg per day;
- Thyrotoxic crisis - 200 - 300 mg per day (if necessary, the dosage is increased to 1000 mg) for 2 - 6 days;
- Shock - 50 - 150 mg every 4 hours for 1 - 2 days;
- Acute renal or hepatic failure - 25 - 75 mg per day;
- Rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus - 75 - 125 mg per day for 7 - 10 days;
- Acute hepatitis - 75 - 100 mg per day for 7 - 10 days;
- Poisoning with cauterizing liquids, burns of the digestive tract and respiratory system - 75 - 400 mg per day for 3 - 18 days.
Start of admission
To start taking Prednisolone in any form (tablets and solution) for various diseases, with the exception of life-threatening conditions, should be started with the lowest possible dosages, which, in the absence of an effect, increase by 25-50% daily. In case of danger to life, Prednisolone is administered immediately in the required dose.Cancellation of the drug
If the drug has been taken for more than 5 days, then it should be canceled gradually so as not to provoke a withdrawal syndrome. Usually the dosage is reduced by 3 to 5 mg every 2 to 3 days, bringing it to 1 to 5 mg per day. After that, the drug is taken for another 2 - 3 days and canceled completely.Ointment Prednisolone - instructions for use
On the affected skin areas, the ointment is applied in a thin layer 1 to 3 times a day for 6 to 14 days. The use of the ointment should be discontinued as soon as the therapeutic effect is achieved. It is not recommended to apply the ointment under a tight bandage, since this can provoke the absorption of a large amount of the ointment into the bloodstream with the development of systemic side effects. The ointment should not be used for more than 14 days without interruption. Rules for the use of Prednisolone eye drops
The solution is introduced in 1 - 2 drops into the conjunctival sac, which is formed when the lower eyelid is pulled downward. Drops are used 3 times a day, and in acute conditions - every 2 to 4 hours. If an operation was performed on the eyes, then drops of Prednisolone can be used only 3 to 5 days after the intervention. The therapy is stopped as soon as there is an improvement in the condition. Application during pregnancy
Prednisolone during pregnancy can be used only if there is a threat to the mother's life, since Prednisolone has a teratogenic effect. In experiments on rats and mice, the development of a cleft palate was shown in pups born to a mother who received Prednisolone during pregnancy.When breastfeeding, Prednisolone should also not be used, since the hormone passes into milk and can affect the baby's body. Therefore, if it is necessary to use Prednisolone in nursing mothers, the child should be transferred to artificial mixtures.
special instructions
Prednisolone in tablets and solution is optimally administered from 6 to 8 in the morning, and during these hours you should take all or most of the daily dose (at least 2/3). When a stressful situation arises in a person taking glucocorticoids, Prednisolone should be administered until this effect of stress has passed.If a person has suffered from psychosis in the past, then high dosages of Prednisolone should be taken only under the supervision of a physician.
During the entire course of therapy with Prednisolone, an ophthalmologist should be examined once a week and blood should be donated to determine the concentration of potassium, sodium, calcium, chlorine and glucose in plasma, as well as a complete blood count. The level of pressure should be monitored daily, and in children, the dynamics of growth and development should be additionally monitored.
When using drops, intraocular pressure and the condition of the cornea should be monitored. And Prednisolone ointment is recommended to be used simultaneously with antifungal and antibacterial agents to prevent infectious diseases skin.
Cancellation of Prednisolone, which has been taken for more than 5 days, should always be gradual.
Against the background of Prednisolone therapy, a person's resistance to infections decreases, therefore, if signs of the disease appear, you should consult a doctor and take the necessary antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal drugs.
To reduce the severity of the side effects of Prednisolone, you can take anabolic steroids, antacids and potassium preparations.
Interaction with other medications
Interaction with other drugs is noted only for tablets and solution. Ointment and eye drops do not interact with other drugs so strongly that it is of clinical importance. So, Prednisolone in combination with other drugs has the following effects:- Cardiac glycosides, diuretics (non-potassium-sparing) - increases the excretion of potassium;
- Antidiabetic drugs - reducing the effect of lowering glucose levels;
- Coumarin - reducing the anticoagulant effect;
- Rifampicin - a decrease in the activity of Prednisolone;
- Acetylsalicylic acid - the risk of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract increases.
Overdose
An overdose of Prednisolone is possible and is manifested by increased blood pressure, edema and increased side effects. For the treatment of acute overdose, gastric lavage is performed and sorbents are taken. For the treatment of chronic overdose, reduce the dose of Prednisolone.Prednisolone for children
In children, Prednisolone is used only when urgently needed, when there is a threat to life or serious disease, not amenable to treatment with other drugs. When using tablets and Prednisolone solution in children under 14 years of age, an intermittent scheme should be used, which consists in taking the drug for 3 days, after which a break is taken for 4 days, etc. This intermittent pattern can reduce the risk of stunted growth and development in the baby. When using the ointment, it is impossible to additionally carry out measures that enhance the absorption of the drug into the blood (for example, warming up, tight bandages, etc.). Otherwise, the rules for use and precautions for children are the same as for adults.The dosage of Prednisolone ointment and eye drops for children is the same as for adults. And the dosage of tablets and solution is calculated individually, depending on body weight and age. The initial dosage of tablets, which the child takes for 1 - 2 days to relieve an acute condition, is calculated as 1 - 2 mg per 1 kg of body weight. This dosage is divided into 4 to 6 doses per day. After the acute condition is normalized, the child is transferred to a maintenance dosage of Prednisolone, which is calculated as 0.3-0.6 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day.
The daily dosage of the solution is calculated individually depending on the age and body weight:
- Children 2 - 12 months - 2 - 3 mg per 1 kg of weight;
- Children 1 - 14 years old - 1 - 2 mg per 1 kg;
- Over 14 years old - adult dosage.
After Prednisolone (edema, excess weight)
After the end of the course of using Prednisolone, people very often notice the appearance of edema on the face, excess weight in the abdomen, arms, neck and face, as well as atrophy of the muscles of the thighs and buttocks. Unfortunately, Prednisolone can really provoke weight gain and muscle atrophy, which, after the end of its use, will not go away on its own and you will have to make an effort to restore normal shape. Weight can be reduced, and muscles can be trained by regularly exercising in the gym and eating right. There is no other way to get back in shape. With enough persistence in visiting sports hall and regular training, many people note that even during the course of the use of Prednisolone, they do not gain weight. The only thing that cannot be controlled is the deposition of fat on the face with the formation of a moon shape. However, it is really almost impossible to stop the deposition of fat on the face, so you have to come to terms with this. Some time after stopping the use of Prednisolone, the fat from the face will go away on its own.
As for edema, they are possible only against the background of Prednisolone therapy. After completing the course of treatment, a person's edema should not be disturbed if there is no disease that can provoke them. However, the deposition of fat on the face during the course of Prednisolone application leads to an increase in the amount of subcutaneous tissue in the cheeks, orbits and other parts, which is filled with blood during sleep, as a result of which its mass and volume somewhat increase. And it is this increased volume of the soft tissues of the face that people mistake for edema.
During the day, blood flows out of the fatty tissue of the face under the influence of gravity, and this "swelling" disappears by lunch or dinner. Many people are worried about this "edema", because they think that it is a symptom of some kind of trouble in the body. However, this is not true, and this behavior of the subcutaneous fatty tissue on the face is the price to pay for life-saving treatment. With regular exercise and proper nutrition for several months, an overall weight loss will occur and the amount of fatty tissue will decrease in all areas of the body, including the face. And only after that the "swelling" will disappear.
Prednisolone for allergies
Prednisolone for allergies is used only in cases where a person's reaction to the allergen is strong, threatening life or the normal functioning of organs and systems, for example, bronchospasm, edema of the respiratory tract (angioedema), excessive increase in vascular permeability, anaphylactic shock, etc. In these situations, Prednisolone should be taken in tablets or administered intravenously over 1 - 2 times, 100 - 200 mg (3 - 6 ampoules or 20 - 40 tablets). After normalization of the condition and the cessation of the progression of the allergic reaction, one should switch to taking other antiallergic drugs, such as antihistamines ( Prednisolone solution for ... Prednisolone for intravenous and intramuscular use is produced in ampoules with a volume of one milliliter.The...
They are used for various ...
Like all corticosteroids, prednisone affects carbohydrate and protein, salt and water metabolism. It increases blood sugar levels, enhances the excretion of potassium and nitrogen in the urine, increases the absorption of sodium and water, affects blood cells, and increases the breakdown of proteins in the body.
Prednisolone has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-shock and antitoxic effect. Due to this, prednisolone, among other corticosteroid drugs, has been widely used for more than 50 years for the treatment of many diseases in all branches of medicine: therapy and pediatrics, neurology and dermatology, surgery and gynecology.
Prednisolone is also involved in the metabolism of sugars. They are better absorbed from food, and also enter the bloodstream in large quantities.
This drug also affects the metabolism of minerals in the body. Under its influence, sodium and water accumulate in the body, calcium is absorbed worse, and potassium is excreted in large quantities.
This drug prevents eosinophils from activating inflammatory mediators, thereby reducing the inflammatory response.
By inhibiting the release of allergy mediators from histamine, this drug reduces allergic reactions.
Usage of this drug may adversely affect the following medicines:
1. means for lowering blood clotting;
2. salicylates;
3. drugs used by diabetics, antimicrobial agents.
If you abruptly stop taking this drug, a relapse of the disease that was treated may begin, the adrenal cortex may fail.
Do not use prednisone ointment for more than two weeks. If the patient suffers from acne, then their number may increase.
If this medicine is used in conjunction with drugs that prevent blood clotting, their effectiveness increases. If you combine the reception with salicylates, then bleeding may appear. If combined with diuretics, too much salt will be excreted from the body.
Prednisolone drops are released in a bottle with a dropper of ten milliliters.
They are used for various inflammatory processes localized on the mucous membrane of the organs of vision (conjunctivitis, blepharitis), with severe forms of inflammatory processes localized on the anterior segment of the choroid, sclera, inflammation of the eyeball, as well as in sympathetic ophthalmia. In addition, good results are obtained from the use of this drug for bruises or injuries of the organs of vision. And also as one of the means for the rehabilitation of the patient after surgery on the organs of vision. Removal of inflammation after prolonged microtrauma of the eyeball is possible.
Prednisolone drops are instilled into the eyes, trying to get into the cavity between the eyelid and eyeball... You need to drip in the morning, at lunchtime and in the evening. The duration of therapy should be no longer than two weeks.
Despite the fact that this drug is used in the form of drops, it enters the bloodstream and has a systemic effect on all organs. Therefore, the appearance of various side effects is possible. However, when using drops of this drug, the most common complication is an increase intraocular pressure as well as various local allergic reactions.
All conditions and contraindications that apply to all other forms of this drug apply to the use of prednisolone drops.
Do not try to treat yourself, as uncontrolled use of prednisolone, and especially overdose, can be fatal.
If you use a solution of prednisolone by intramuscular injection, the drug very soon enters the bloodstream. In this case, the maximum amount of the drug in the plasma is detected earlier than the therapeutic effect is observed, which occurs after two to eight hours. Getting into the blood, the main amount of the drug comes into contact with blood globulins, and then with albumin, the consequence of this is an increase in the unbound fraction of the drug, it becomes not a medicine, but a poison.
The drug is evacuated from the body in two to four hours, and even faster in babies. It is processed and absorbed by the body in the liver, a little in the kidneys, intestines, and respiratory organs. After being treated with oxygen, the drug is evacuated with urine. One fifth of prednisolone is excreted by the kidneys unchanged. Some of the drug is excreted in the bile.
In patients with a diseased liver, prednisolone is treated for a longer time, and it reacts worse with globulins and albumin. Therefore, in such patients, the drug is evacuated longer.
Vein injections are used as anti-shock, with complicated ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Muscle injections are used for joint diseases, dermatomyositis, ankylosing spondylitis, dermatomyositis, respiratory diseases, various types of allergies, adrenal diseases, non-infectious jaundice, hepatic coma, kidney disease, blood disorders, skin diseases.
Infiltration use is used for various diseases of muscle tissue, as well as diseases of the joints.
Prednisolone belongs to a group of synthetic hormonal drugs that are used to eliminate inflammation. Pharmacological drug quickly reduces the severity of symptoms, significantly accelerates the recovery of patients. But with prolonged use of high doses of a glucocorticosteroid, side effects of Prednisolone appear - an increase blood pressure, destruction bone tissue, weight gain. To avoid the development of such negative consequences, you should follow all medical recommendations, which include proper nutrition during admission and cancellation. medicinal product.
Characteristic features of the drug
The adrenal cortex produces the hormone hydrocortisone, which regulates the functioning of many human vital systems. Prednisolone is an artificial analogue of this glucocorticosteroid, which is several times more powerful than it. Such a high therapeutic efficacy is also negative side, expressed in the emergence serious consequences for the patient's body.
Manufacturers release the drug in various dosage forms, each of which is designed to treat a specific disease. On the shelves of pharmacies, Prednisolone is presented in the form of:
- eye drops 0.5%;
- solutions for 30 mg / ml and 15 mg / ml used for intravenous, intramuscular and intra-articular administration;
- tablets containing 1 and 5 mg of active ingredient;
- 0.5% ointment for external use.
Warning: Lack of medical supervision while taking Prednisolone will cause the development of a protein deficiency in the systemic circulation. This will lead to the production of excess amounts of progesterone and the manifestation of its toxic properties.
Endocrinologists, ophthalmologists, allergists and neuropathologists prescribe a glucocorticosteroid only in cases where the use of other drugs has not brought the desired results. During treatment, patients regularly donate biological samples for laboratory tests. If the use of Prednisolone provoked negative changes in the work of the cardiovascular or endocrine system, then the drug is discontinued or the daily and single doses used are adjusted by the attending physician.
Pharmacological action of the drug
Regardless of the method of using Prednisolone, a powerful anti-inflammatory effect is manifested immediately after the penetration of the active substance of the drug into the human body. Several biochemical mechanisms are involved in its development at once:
- The drug inhibits the action of an enzyme that acts as a catalyst for specific chemical reactions... Their end products are prostaglandins, synthesized from arachidonic acid and related to inflammatory mediators. Prednisolone blocking phospholipase A2 is manifested in the relief pain syndrome, edema and hyperemia;
- After a foreign protein enters the human body, the immune system is activated. To eliminate the allergic agent, special white blood cells and macrophages are produced. But in patients with systemic diseases, the immune system gives a distorted response, reacting negatively to the body's own proteins. The action of Prednisolone is to suppress the accumulation of cellular structures that provide the onset of the inflammatory process in the tissues;
- The response of the immune system to the introduction of an allergic reaction agent is the production of immunoglobulins by lymphocytes and plasma cells. Specific receptors bind antibodies, which leads to the development of inflammation to remove foreign proteins from the body. The use of Prednisolone prevents the development of events in such a negative scenario for patients with systemic pathologies;
- The therapeutic properties of a glucocorticosteroid include immunosuppression, or a decrease in the functional activity of the immune system. Such an artificial state, provoked by the intake of Prednisolone, is necessary for the successful treatment of patients with systemic diseases - rheumatoid arthritis, severe forms of eczema and psoriasis.
With prolonged use of any dosage form of the drug, water and sodium ions begin to be intensively absorbed in the kidney tubules. Protein catabolism gradually increases, and destructive and degenerative changes occur in the bone tissue. The negative consequences of treatment with Prednisolone include an increase in blood glucose levels, which is closely related to the redistribution of fat in the subcutaneous tissue. All this causes a decrease in the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland and, as a result, a decrease in the functional activity of the adrenal glands.
Warning: For the full recovery of the patient's body after the use of Prednisolone, it often takes several months, during which doctors prescribe an appointment additional drugs and adherence to a sparing diet.
When you need to take a glucocorticosteroid
Despite the numerous side effects of Prednisolone, it is the first choice for most patients with systemic diseases. The negative consequence of its reception is the suppression of the activity of the immune system, in this case it leads to a prolonged remission of the pathology. Prednisolone has a high therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of the following diseases:
- anaphylactic shock, angioedema Quincke, serum sickness;
- rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis;
- acute gouty arthritis, dermatomyositis, systemic vasculitis, mesoarteritis, periarteritis nodosa;
- pemphigus, mycotic skin lesions, seborrheic and exfoliative dermatitis, bullous dermatitis herpetiformis;
- hemolysis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, congenital aplastic anemia.
Prednisolone is included by doctors in therapeutic regimens malignant neoplasms, chronic hepatitis of various etiology, leukemia, tuberculous meningitis. The drug is also used to prevent the immune system from rejecting grafts.
Since a hormonal agent is prescribed only for the treatment of serious pathologies that are difficult to treat with other medications, there are few contraindications to taking it:
- individual sensitivity to the main substance and auxiliary ingredients;
- infections provoked by pathogenic fungi.
Prednisolone is prescribed only when life threatening conditions to patients with ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, certain endocrine pathologies, as well as pregnant women and women who are breastfeeding.
Side effects of the drug
In the course of research, a relationship was established between taking certain doses of Prednisolone and the number of side effects that occur. The drug, taken in a small dose for a long time, provoked fewer negative effects compared to using large doses for a short period. Patients were diagnosed with the following side effects of Prednisolone:
- hirsutism;
- hypokalemia, glucosuria, hyperglycemia;
- impotence;
- depression, confusion;
- delirium, hallucinations;
- emotional instability.
Taking a course of a drug often causes increased fatigue, weakness, drowsiness or insomnia. Decreased functional activity of the immune system leads to frequent relapses chronic pathologies, viral and bacterial infectious diseases.
Recommendation: The side effects of Prednisolone can occur all at once, but more often occur gradually. You should immediately notify your doctor about this. He will match the seriousness side effects with the need to take a glucocorticosteroid, cancel the drug or recommend continuing therapy.
The cardiovascular system
Long-term intake high doses of prednisolone provokes the accumulation of fluid in the tissues. This condition leads to a narrowing of the diameter blood vessels and the rise in blood pressure. Hypertension gradually develops, usually systolic, often accompanied by persistent heart failure. These pathologies of cardio-vascular system were diagnosed in more than 10% of patients taking a glucocorticosteroid drug.
Endocrine system
The use of Prednisolone often causes addiction to glucose and an increase in its content in the blood serum. People who are genetically predisposed or prone to developing diabetes mellitus are at risk. Therefore, this endocrine pathology refers to contraindications for taking a glucocorticosteroid. It can be assigned to such patients only for vital signs. It is possible to prevent a decrease in the functional activity of the adrenal glands by gradually decreasing the dose of Prednisolone and reducing the frequency of its use.
Gastrointestinal tract
The use of a glucocorticosteroid in the treatment of various pathologies is contraindicated in patients with gastric ulcer lesions and (or) duodenum... Long-term use of Prednisolone can provoke destructive and degenerative changes in the mucous membranes and deeper layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Also solutions for parenteral administration and pills cause dyspeptic disorders - nausea, bouts of vomiting, excessive gas formation. There have been cases of pancreatitis, ulcer perforation and intestinal bleeding.
Musculoskeletal system
In patients who took Prednisolone for a long time, the consequences were expressed in the form of myopathy. It is a chronic, progressive neuromuscular disease characterized by primary muscle damage. In humans, weakness and depletion of the proximal muscles occurs due to impaired absorption of calcium in the intestine, a trace element necessary for optimal functioning of the musculoskeletal system. This process is reversible - the severity of myopathy symptoms decreases after the end of Prednisolone intake.
Withdrawal syndrome
Abrupt withdrawal of Prednisolone can provoke serious consequences up to the development of collapse and even coma. Therefore, doctors always inform patients about the inadmissibility of skipping a glucocorticosteroid or unauthorized termination of treatment. The appointment of high daily dosages often leads to improper functioning of the adrenal cortex. When the drug is canceled, the doctor recommends that the patient take vitamins C and E to stimulate the work of these paired organs of the endocrine system.
TO dangerous consequences that occurs after discontinuation of Prednisolone therapy also include:
- return of symptoms of pathology, including pain syndrome;
- headache;
- sharp fluctuations in body weight;
- deterioration in mood;
- dyspeptic disorders.
In this case, the patient should resume taking the drug for several weeks, and then, under the supervision of a doctor, gradually reduce the single and daily dosages. During the withdrawal of Prednisolone, the doctor monitors the main indicators: body temperature, blood pressure. The most informative analyzes include laboratory research blood and urine.
Diet in the treatment of glucocorticosteroid
Doctors categorically prohibit taking Prednisolone on an empty stomach. If a person does not have the opportunity to have a snack, and the pill should be taken urgently, then you can drink a glass of milk or fruit juice. Diet in the treatment of Prednisolone is necessary to minimize the consequences of taking glucocorticosteroids, to reduce the severity of their symptoms. During course treatment patients should include foods high in potassium in their diet. These include:
- dried fruits - raisins, dried apricots;
- baked potatoes with the skin;
- fermented milk products - low-fat cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk, varenets.
Since taking Prednisolone provokes increased protein catabolism, the patient's daily menu should contain protein foods: meat, river and sea fish, seafood. It is worth giving preference stewed vegetables, fresh fruits, nuts. The less fat is used in food preparation, the safer the use of Prednisolone will be.
But perhaps it is more correct to treat not the effect, but the cause? We recommend reading the story of Olga Kirovtseva, how she cured her stomach ... Read the article >>
ozhivote.ru
It is associated with a sharp drop in adrenal function, resulting in a sharp decline blood pressure, muscle weakness appears, the skin takes on a bronze tint (pigment metabolism is disturbed). The most common cause is adrenal tuberculosis. Another pathology of the adrenal glands is pheochromocytoma - a tumor of the adrenal gland. Blood pressure rises sharply and steadily, the general condition is serious. Treatment is removal of the tumor. In both cases, the pathology of the adrenal glands, although it rarely occurs, is difficult to treat and if it can be cured, then only by cleansing the tissues and their adequate nutrition.
But it is quite another matter when the pathology of the adrenal glands is caused artificially. And this is done very often in modern medicine, because hormone therapy entered medicine as a full-fledged method of treatment. We must say right away that this method cripples the body, actually depriving it of the adrenal glands and making it extremely vulnerable to any virus and microbe, otherwise hormone therapy with corticosteroids - prednisolone, dexamethasone and other prednisolone derivatives deprives the body of the immune system, with systematic use leads to states of acquired immunodeficiency. Where did it all start? It began in the 30s of the last century, when the Canadian scientist Hans Selye isolated a large cattle extract, purified with a series of adsorbents and used in the treatment of patients with acute inflammatory processes. The inflammation subsided at once, the patients recovered surprisingly quickly, this inspired Selye to further searches, and off we go ... Extracts from the adrenal glands of animals were isolated, purified, concentrated, modified - it was prednisone, which was used for pneumonia, acute articular rheumatism, thyroiditis , psoriasis. The inflammation subsided, the symptoms of the disease disappeared for a while, then resumed in worst kind and demanded new, even larger doses of hormones. Patients received drugs in increasing quantities and could no longer do without them. Then they began to synthesize a hormone analogue of natural - dexamethasone with the same effect. Patients who received hormones on a regular basis became susceptible to infections and often died from any virus that infects the respiratory tract. Why did this happen? The entire system of endocrine glands in the body has perfect self-regulation, thanks to the information transmitted by the hormones themselves. With an increase in the concentration of any hormone in the blood, the hypothalamus stops the synthesis of the corresponding hormone, in this case, ACTH. The adrenal glands stop synthesizing corticosteroids. With the systematic intake of hormones by mouth or in the form of an injection or ointments, aerosols, the adrenal glands atrophy, which happens quite quickly (sometimes two to three months are enough). The patient becomes dependent on taking hormonal drugs. This disrupts the functions of all endocrine glands, tissue metabolism disorders occur, in particular obesity, sometimes diabetes or acromegaly (growth of the bones of the facial skull and limbs), hair growth of the skin in women. And all this does not stop the triumphant march of corticosteroids around the world. All new synthetic analogs of hormones are being created, all new dosage forms in the form of ointments, gels, injections. They are used for almost all diseases: pneumonia, bronchial asthma, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatism, disseminated lupus, mononucleosis, all diseases of the hematopoietic system, diseases of the connective tissue, thyroiditis, polyarthritis, in general, all acute inflammatory processes. After all, corticosteroids have the ability to suppress excess tissue reactions that occur in any inflammatory process - exudation (edema), proliferation - cell growth, etc. This is due to their ability to inhibit protein biosynthesis. Thus, the symptoms of inflammation are removed, but the very cause that caused the inflammation, edema, spasm of the bronchus or blood vessels remains. Isn't it easier to find out and remove this cause than to commit violence against tissues, disrupting the natural course of tissue processes?
vk.com
Compound
Active substance: prednisoloni;
Additional substances:
- calcium stearate;
- potato starch;
- lactose;
- gelatin;
- sucrose.
Medicinal forms:
- eye suspension;
- ointment;
- solutions and suspensions for injection;
- tablets.
Mechanism of action
Antiallergic effect is manifested:
- suppression of the release of immediate-type allergy mediators;
- a decrease in the level of basophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and an increase in platelets, erythrocytes;
- weakening allergies by removing them from a shock state, improving the functioning of the central nervous system, cleansing the body of toxins, reducing the release of hormones;
- a decrease in the permeability of capillaries (small blood vessels), a decrease in the number of basophils, this helps to reduce itching, edema, present in all allergies;
- suppresses the over-expression of the immune system, which leads to the development allergic reactions.
Application methods
Inside: tablets.
Injections: i / m (intramuscular), i / v (intravenous - slender, drip), i / s (intra-articular) - solution, suspension of the drug for injection.
Locally: eye suspensions, ointments. 
How to take prednisone correctly for allergies
in case of emergency conditions (I-II degree of shock), in order to relieve an attack, adults are administered up to 300 mg IV.
Indicative intravenous doses for children:
- newborns - 2-3 mg / kg;
- preschool age - 1-2 mg per kg;
- school - 1-2 mg / kg.
It is useful to use ointments for eczema, psoriasis, atypical dermatitis, seborrhea.
Dosage
Tabletting forms (taken orally, washed down without chewing):
- adults it is recommended to take from 20 to 30 mg / day, with the transition to 5-10 mg.
- the initial dose for children should not exceed 1-2 mg / kg / day (for 4-6 doses), the maintenance dose should not exceed 300-600 mcg / kg per day.
Cease therapeutic treatment- consistently lowering the dose of the drug.
Solutions for injection for shock are administered:
- adults: 30-90 mg (1-3 ml) intravenously slowly or drip. 150-300 mg in critical conditions. If intravenous administration is impossible, intramuscular administration is done.
- children: 2-12 months - 2-3 mg / kg, 1-14 years - 1-2 mg / kg IV slowly. The dose can be repeated after 20 - 30 minutes.
Prednisolone should not be diluted in any injectable solution.
Eye drops: apply 3 r. / day, instilling 1-2 drops.
Ointment apply 1-3 rubles / day, in a thin layer on damaged skin. On limited foci, occlusive dressings are applied to improve the effect.
A course of treatment- two to a maximum of three weeks.
Indications
Contraindications
- individual hypersensitivity to the drug;
- vaccination period;
- tuberculosis (active phase);
- viral infections;
- generalized mycoses;
- herpes diseases;
- exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease;
- diabetes mellitus (DM);
- renal failure;
- severe form of arterial hypertension;
- tendency to thromboembolism;
- glaucoma;
- Itsenko-Cushing's disease;
- pregnancy, etc.
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Side effect
- suppression of immunity;
- growth retardation in children;
- disorder menstrual cycle;
- hypotension, hypertension;
- anaphylactic reactions with circulatory collapse, rhythm disturbances and cardiac arrest;
- posterior subcapillary cataract, exophthalmos;
- steroid stomach and duodenal ulcer, bleeding and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract wall, pancreatitis;
- hypokalemic alkalosis;
- steroid myopathy, osteoporosis, abnormal fractures, necrosis of the femoral and humeral heads;
- delirium, psychosis, euphoria, depression, seizures.
Pros and cons of prescribing children and pregnant women
It is not advisable to use prednisone for pregnant women.
An exception is made if the benefit to the mother exceeds the risk of the fetus (mainly in the first trimester of pregnancy).
The doctor must explain to the woman the indications before prescribing the drug, the likely effect, possible risks for the fetus that can happen.
Treatment with the drug is carried out only with the consent of the pregnant woman.
The drug is endowed with the property to penetrate into breast milk, so it is not recommended to use it during breastfeeding.
Children need to be supervised by a doctor who:
- determines the appropriateness of the appointment;
- selects the duration of therapy;
- doses depending on the age category, the severity of the disease.
The drug is best used for a short time and in minimal doses, as it can provoke a slowdown in the growth of the child.
The benefits of treatment must outweigh the risk of side effects.
Using the drug, it is necessary to monitor the development and growth of children.
Explore the composition of claritin tablets here.
allergycentr.ru
Prednisolone tablets are usually prescribed for chronic diseases, including in chronic infectious-inflammatory, allergic, autoimmune (caused by allergy to the body's own tissues) and degenerative-dystrophic processes in various organs and tissues.
How does prednisone tablets work
Prednisolone is available in 1 and 5 mg tablets. When taking a tablet inside prednisolone Prednisolone - against inflammation, allergies and pain, but with complications 
rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) into the bloodstream and binds there mainly to proteins. With a decrease in the amount of protein in the blood plasma, the toxic effect of unbound prednisolone on the body is possible. The action of prednisolone begins 90 minutes after taking the pill and lasts for 18–36 hours. After that, it is decomposed mainly in the liver and excreted in urine and feces.
Prednisolone has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, decongestant, anti-exudative effect, relieves itching and pain caused by inflammation and allergies. It also suppresses the proliferation of connective tissue cells and tumor cells, suppresses immune processes. Prednisolone tablets can prevent or quickly relieve respiratory distress in angioedema (angioedema).
Prednisolone tablets have a general systemic effect on the body, which is highly effective in combination with a large number of side effects.
For what diseases are prednisolone tablets prescribed?
Prednisolone tablets are prescribed only after preliminary examination and exclusion of contraindications for their use. The dose of prednisolone and the duration of the course of treatment are usually selected individually by the doctor.
Prednisolone tablets are prescribed for chronic long-term inflammatory processes in the joints and spine, which are accompanied by severe pain... First of all, these are chronic arthritis. But since the inflammatory process is almost always caused by infectious factors (even if it cannot be confirmed laboratory), prednisolone tablets in in this case are prescribed under the protection of antibiotics that suppress infectious processes. Courses of prednisone are usually given short courses, only to relieve the main symptoms of inflammation and pain.
Sometimes prednisolone tablets are prescribed for the treatment of chronic allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic rhinitis, allergic skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, eczema, neurodermatitis). In these cases, prednisone is also tried to be prescribed in short courses.
For diseases based on allergy to their own tissues (for example, with rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis and others) prednisone relieves the condition of patients, relieving symptoms such as pain and swelling of the joints, changes in kidney function, and so on.
The course of treatment with prednisolone with its oral administration helps with systemic diseases of the connective tissue, such as scleroderma and lupus erythematosus - it reduces the degree of progression of these diseases. With rheumatism, it prevents the development of heart defects.
The ability of prednisone to inhibit tissue growth is used in the treatment of cancer.
As replacement therapy, prednisolone tablets are prescribed for adrenal dysfunction. In this case, prednisolone is prescribed for a long time.
Contraindications
Prednisolone tablets should not be used in case of individual intolerance, feeding a child Breastfeeding is a personal choice 
breast, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, hypertension, glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, thrombophlebitis, severe endocrine diseases (Itsenko-Cushing's disease), untreated infectious processes(bacterial, viral or fungal), psychosis and depression, diseases that developed against the background of vaccinations (especially vaccinations against tuberculosis), as well as within two weeks before and after vaccination.
During pregnancy, prednisolone tablets are used only if urgent need in the case when the expected benefit to the mother's body outweighs the possible negative effect on the fetus.
Side effect
Side effects of prednisolone tablets usually appear with long-term use in high doses. In this case, the appearance erosive and ulcerative lesions stomach and duodenum, persistent increase in blood pressure, vascular thrombosis, osteoporosis, worsening of diseases such as glaucoma Glaucoma - in the future, blindness and diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a formidable and incurable disease 
... The spread of infections of bacterial, viral or fungal origin is also possible.
With prolonged use of prednisolone tablets, a persistent suppression of the function of the adrenal cortex occurs, which leads to their failure and the formation of Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome over time. Menstrual irregularities and infertility in women and impotence in men can also occur. Increased excretion of potassium from the body can lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Growth may be impaired in children.
Galina Romanenko
www.womenhealthnet.ru
(PREDNISOLON NYCOMED)
Registration number
Tradename: Prednisolone Nycomed
International non-proprietary name:
Prednisone
Chemical name:(6 alpha, 11 beta) -11,17,21 -Trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
Dosage form
Tablets; solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration.
Compound
1 tablet contains:
active substance- prednisolone 5 mg,
Excipients: magnesium stearate, talc, corn starch, lactose monohydrate.
1 ml of solution contains:
active substance- prednisolone 25 mg,
Excipients: glycerol formal, butanol, sodium chloride, water for injection.
Description
Tablets white, round, flat on both sides, with beveled edges, x notch for division on one side and engraving "PD" above notch for division and "5.0" below notch for division.
Solution- transparent colorless.
Pharmacotherapeutic group:
Glucocorticosteroid.
ATX code:Н02АВ06.
Pharmacological properties
Pharmacodynamics.
Prednisolone Nycomed is a synthetic glucocorticosteroid drug, a dehydrated analogue of hydrocortisone. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunosuppressive effects, increases the sensitivity of beta-adrenergic receptors to endogenous catecholamines.
Interacts with specific cytoplasmic receptors (receptors for glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are present in all tissues, especially in the liver) to form a complex that induces the formation of proteins (including enzymes that regulate vital processes in cells.)
Protein metabolism: reduces the amount of globulins in plasma, increases the synthesis of albumin in the liver and kidneys (with an increase in the albumin / globulin ratio), reduces the synthesis and enhances the catabolism of protein in muscle tissue.
Lipid metabolism: increases the synthesis of higher fatty acids and triglycerides, redistributes fat (fat accumulation occurs mainly in the shoulder girdle, face, abdomen), leads to the development of hypercholesterolemia.
Carbohydrate metabolism: increases the absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract; increases the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase (increasing the flow of glucose from the liver into the blood); increases the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and the synthesis of aminotransferases (activation of gluconeogenesis); promotes the development of hyperglycemia.
Water-electrolyte metabolism: retains sodium and water in the body, stimulates the excretion of potassium (mineralocorticoid activity), reduces the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract, reduces bone mineralization.
The anti-inflammatory effect is associated with inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators by eosinophils and mast cells; inducing the formation of lipocortins and reducing the amount mast cells generating hyaluronic acid; with a decrease in capillary permeability; stabilization of cell membranes (especially lysosomal) and organelle membranes. Acts at all stages of the inflammatory process: inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins at the level of arachidonic acid (lipocortin inhibits phospholipase A2, inhibits the liberation of arachidonic acid and inhibits the biosynthesis of endoperoxides, leukotrienes, which promote inflammation, allergies, etc.), the synthesis of "pro-inflammatory interleukin 1," tumor necrosis factor alpha, etc.); increases the resistance of the cell membrane to the action of various damaging factors.
The immunosuppressive effect is caused by the involution of lymphoid tissue caused by the inhibition of the proliferation of lymphocytes (especially T-lymphocytes), suppression of the migration of B-cells and the interaction of T- and B-lymphocytes, inhibition of the release of cytokines (interleukin-1, 2; gamma-interferon) from lymphocytes and macrophages and a decrease in the formation of antibodies.
The antiallergic effect develops as a result of a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of allergy mediators, inhibition of the release of histamine from sensitized mast cells and basophils, etc. biologically active substances, reducing the number of circulating basophils, T- and B-lymphocytes, mast cells; suppressing the development of lymphoid and connective tissue, reducing the sensitivity of effector cells to allergy mediators, suppressing antibody production, changing the body's immune response.
In obstructive diseases of the respiratory tract, the action is mainly due to the inhibition of inflammatory processes, the prevention or reduction of the severity of edema of the mucous membranes, a decrease in eosinophilic infiltration of the submucous layer of the bronchial epithelium and the deposition of circulating immune complexes in the bronchial mucosa, as well as inhibition of erosion and desquamation of the mucosa. Increases the sensitivity of the beta-adrenergic receptors of the bronchi of small and medium caliber to endogenous catecholamines and exogenous sympathomimetics, reduces the viscosity of mucus by reducing its production.
Suppresses the synthesis and secretion of ACTH and, secondarily, the synthesis of endogenous GCS.
It inhibits connective tissue reactions during the inflammatory process and reduces the possibility of scar tissue formation.
Pharmacokinetics.
When taken orally, prednisolone is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood is reached 1-1.5 hours after oral administration... Up to 90% of the drug binds to plasma proteins: transcortin (cortisol-binding globulin) and albumin. Prednisolone is metabolized in the liver, partly in the kidneys and other tissues, mainly by conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids. The metabolites are inactive.
It is excreted in the bile and urine by glomerular filtration and is 80-90% reabsorbed by the tubules. 20% of the dose is excreted by the kidneys unchanged.
The plasma half-life after oral administration is 2-4 hours, after intravenous administration 2-3.5 hours.
Indications
Nycomed Austria GmbH, Linz, Austria. Representative office in Russia:
119021, Moscow, st. Timur Frunze, 24.
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