Oily skin of the face is allergic than to relieve inflammation. Causes of allergic skin lesions. General rules and methods of treatment

Not every person knows for what reason an allergy develops on the face and how it is dangerous. This is a manifestation of the body's increased sensitivity to foreign substances. Both adults and young children face a similar problem. Some allergic reactions require emergency care and pose a threat to human life.

Development of an allergic reaction on the face

Allergy is a disease based on hypersensitivity. Most often, the skin is involved. Less commonly, the mucous membrane of the eyes is affected. Allergy is general concept, which includes diseases of various etiology. This is the reaction of the immune system to simple substances that come into contact with the body. The following allergens are known:

food additives and foods;
dust;
pollen of plants;
waste products of insects and mites;
synthetic materials;
medications;
vaccines;
animal hair;
fungi;
household chemicals.

In an adult and a child, 4 types of reactions are distinguished:

anaphylactic;
cytotoxic;
immunocomplex;
slow.

The most dangerous types of allergies on the face, which develop with lightning speed. Manifestations of anaphylactic reaction are: urticaria, Quincke's edema, atopic dermatitis and vasomotor rhinitis... With this pathology, the re-hitting allergen leads to the production of histamine, serotonin and other substances in a sensitized person. The reaction is developing rapidly.

The immunocomplex form of allergy often manifests itself in the form of specks. This is due to the formation of circulating immune complexes that are not recognized by the body and cause organ dysfunction. This allergic reaction is at the root of vasculitis, lupus erythematosus, and other systemic diseases.

Common etiological factors

This disease develops for several reasons. Depending on the main etiological factor allergies are skin, insects, medicinal, food, infectious and light (solar). Irritants penetrate into the body by injection, oral and air methods, or the reaction develops through direct contact.

Known the following reasons the appearance of allergic spots on the face:

stings of bees, mosquitoes, ticks and ants;
contact with poisonous plants;
inhalation of fungal spores;
the use of hyperallergenic foods (strawberries, nuts, mushrooms, chocolate);
the use of low-quality cosmetics and soap products;
exposure to direct sunlight;
penetration of microbes;
inhalation of street, house or industrial dust;
contact with animal hair;
taking medications (adrenergic agonists, antibiotics).

Of no small importance is such a factor as hereditary predisposition. Allergy to the face often develops in weak and inactive people. In young children, a reaction is possible to formula milk.

Manifestations of an allergic reaction

Facial allergies can manifest in different ways. The following symptoms are observed:

rash;
swelling of the eyelids;
redness of the eyes;
rhinorrhea;
sneezing;
swelling of the lips and tongue;
itchy nose;
hyperemia of the skin;
lacrimation.

Most severely manifested anaphylactic shock... If proper assistance is not provided, a person can die. The most common allergic rash is found on the face. Otherwise, it is called exanthema. The primary elements of a rash are nodules, pustules, blisters, vesicles, and spots. Allergy on the face is often manifested by the presence of erosions, crusts and scales on the skin. This pathology often becomes the cause of dermatitis.

Some people develop toxicoderma.

When the eyes are involved in the process, symptoms such as decreased vision, narrowing of the palpebral fissure, swelling of the eyelids, lacrimation, fear of bright light, burning and itching are possible. In young children, facial allergy most often proceeds as a diathesis. The cheeks of patients become red. Itching is possible. Less commonly, eczema develops. Allergic reactions on the face include hives. It often occurs with hypersensitivity to cold. Hives are blisters.

Allergies and atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis is a consequence of facial allergy. Mostly children suffer from this ailment. preschool age... it chronic illness with frequent relapses. Otherwise, dermatitis is called exudative-catarrhal diathesis. The following factors play a role in the development of this pathology:

hereditary predisposition;
neuropsychic overload;
unfavorable ecology;
artificial feeding;
toxicosis during pregnancy.

Often, dermatitis develops against the background allergic urticaria... With this disease, the following symptoms are observed:

combs;
cracks in the skin of the face;
a rash in the form of red spots or papules on the face;
peeling;
the presence of crusts or erosion;
weeping skin;
wrinkles in the lower eyelids.

With allergies on the face in adults, foci of erythema appear. They are pale pink and are represented by papules. Possible damage to other parts of the body (limbs, chest, abdomen, buttocks).

Development of Quincke's edema

Most dangerous allergic rashes by the type of Quincke's edema. Otherwise this pathology called giant urticaria. Young people are more likely to get sick. Less commonly, edema occurs in children and the elderly. This allergic reaction affects the skin of the face, subcutaneous tissue and mucous membranes. Often, the tongue and larynx are involved, which can lead to asphyxiation.

The prevalence of this manifestation of facial allergy among the population is 20%. As a result of contact with an irritant, an acute reaction develops. The release of inflammatory mediators is enhanced. This leads to an increase in vascular permeability and tissue edema. The immunological stage (sensitization) may be absent.

It promotes the development of edema by taking medications ( ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists). Every fourth patient has edema due to congenital features organism. Most often, allergies appear within 2–5 minutes from the moment of contact with the substance. The following symptoms are observed:

swelling of the lips, cheeks, eyelids, or tongue;
hoarseness of voice;
difficulty breathing;
speech impairment;
hives;
itchy skin.

Redness of the skin of the face is possible. Quincke's edema can lead to dysfunction of the intestines, bladder and brain. If treatment is not carried out, then there is a risk of developing anaphylactic shock, peritonitis and acute urinary retention.

The appearance of urticaria in humans

Facial allergies are often represented by hives. Its main manifestation is exanthema with blisters or spots and pronounced itchy skin... Urticaria is acute and chronic. In the latter case, the reasons are: diabetes, infections, hepatitis, dermatitis, herpes, exposure to cold and sunlight.

For facial allergies, causes include physical factors.

These include: cold, water, vibration, heat, the sun, as well as mechanical stimuli. Allergy on the face like acute urticaria lasts several days. At chronic form symptoms may be troubling all year round... For acute urticaria periods of remission are uncommon.

With this form of allergy, the following symptoms are observed:

rash;
swelling of tissues.

The main symptom is a rash of blisters on the skin of the face. They are pale pink in color and rise slightly above healthy tissue. A common symptom is facial redness in the area of the rash. In adults, exanthema develops and disappears suddenly. Itching can be moderate or very intense.

Food allergies in children and adults

Facial allergies are possible after consuming certain foods. About 8% of children and 1-2% of adults suffer from this ailment. V developed countries the incidence rate is much higher. Children often get sick with bronchial asthma... The following risk factors for development are known food allergies:

smoking;
genetic predisposition;
diseases of the digestive system;
severe pregnancy;
complicated labor;
artificial or mixed feeding.

In children, the development of facial allergies (red spots) is most often associated with the use of cow's milk, citrus fruits, chocolate, eggs, fish, spices and strawberries. In adults, nuts, seafood, spices, fresh fruits and vegetables act as allergens. Cow protein (casein and whey protein) has an allergic effect on the body.

The greatest danger for babies is unpasteurized milk, since the proteins in it remain unchanged. Meat is less likely to cause allergies, as in the process heat treatment some of the proteins are destroyed. Allergy symptoms are obvious. Cow's milk proteins can cause several types of allergic reactions. In some countries, the rash is caused by eating eggs.

In this case, protein is a great danger.

Half of children with allergies are hypersensitive to this product. These babies need to remove the protein and only eat the yolks. With food allergies, facial skin redness, itching, and a rash may occur. Respiratory disorders and systemic manifestations of the disease in the form of anaphylaxis are often observed. Most often it is observed on hazelnuts and peanuts.

Some forms of allergy appear similar to atopic dermatitis. An example is toxicoderma. Its peculiarity is that the allergen does not come into contact with human skin. It enters the bloodstream and is carried throughout the body. The development of toxicoderma is based on a delayed-type reaction. Varieties of this pathology are Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes.

The penetration of the allergen is carried out by inhalation, alimentary, injection and percutaneous methods. In the latter case, the substance is absorbed through the skin, but exhibits allergic properties after entering the general bloodstream. The following reasons for the development of toxicoderma are known:

harmful professional factors;
taking sulfonamides, barbiturates and B vitamins;
the introduction of sera;
the use of food additives and products;
inhalation of substances containing chlorine and amino groups;
exposure to toxins.

The main symptom of toxicoderma is a rash. It can be represented by papules, vesicles, or spots. Sometimes amazed oral cavity and lips. Enanthema is vesicular erosive, hemorrhagic and catarrhal. Local signs are combined with itching, burning, soreness in the face. V severe cases toxicoderma is manifested by fever and general malaise.

Development of allergic conjunctivitis

Allergy to the face often proceeds as conjunctivitis. Eyes are affected. This problem is faced by 15% of the population during their lifetime. Mostly young people are ill. Allergies can lead to strong irritation conjunctival mucosa. Less commonly, the eyelids, retinas and cornea are involved. Known the following types conjunctivitis:

hay;
spring keratoconjunctivitis;
chronic;
medicinal;
atopic;
large papillary.

It is based on a hypersensitivity reaction. In the blood, the level of immunoglobulin class E rises. The triggering factor is the direct contact of the stimulus with the conjunctiva. Allergies are caused by: pollen, poplar fluff and dust. The hay fever form of the disease develops during the flowering period of plants. Allergies are troubling in spring and summer.

Large papillary conjunctivitis develops when wearing lenses, getting into the eye foreign bodies and the use of ocular prostheses. Stitches may be the cause. Chronic allergic form conjunctivitis is caused by contact with cosmetics, dry food, feathers and down. This type of allergy is characterized by damage to both eyes.

The first complaints may appear within 1-2 minutes. The following symptoms are observed:

burning;
edema;
lacrimation;
redness of the eyes;
photophobia;
spasm of the eyelids;
mucous discharge.

With the drug form of conjunctivitis, the process involves the retina, cornea and optic nerve. Sometimes Quincke's edema or acute urticaria occurs.

Blepharitis-type allergy

Very often, eye allergies occur as blepharitis. With it, the edge of the eyelids is affected. The latter are involved in the process of moisturizing the eyes with lacrimal fluid. The prevalence of blepharitis among children and adults is very high. If the allergy is not cured, then there is a risk of chalazion formation, visual impairment and conjunctival damage. Inflammation is caused by external and internal (endogenous) allergens.

The latter include the waste products of helminths, microorganisms, and toxic compounds. Allergic blepharitis often develops in people working in dusty environments. Symptoms come on suddenly. These include swelling of the eyelids, intense itching, watery eyes, mucous discharge, stinging, and a fear of bright light.

Blepharoconjunctivitis often develops.

Other causes of allergies

There are people who are allergic to the sun, which affects the face. The main signs are the presence of red spots and blisters on the skin of the cheeks, forehead and other exposed areas of the body. The peak incidence is observed in summer. A person's susceptibility to ultraviolet light increases with the use of figs, St. John's wort, fennel, carrots, tetracyclines, vitamin E and NSAIDs.

What to do with an allergy on the face caused by insect bites is not known to everyone. This is a common occurrence among children and adults. Bites are possible when visiting the forest, while fishing, hunting and walking. Very often, this allergy proceeds as Quincke's edema and anaphylactic reaction.

Dangerous insect saliva and their poison. When the body is exposed to insect allergens, the following symptoms are observed:

swelling of the eyelids and lips;
laryngeal edema;
dyspnea;
difficulty breathing;
excitation;
oppression of consciousness;
redness of the skin of the face;
tachycardia;

If facial allergy is not treated, the person may die. Sometimes there is a heat form. Often, this facial allergy is combined with the sun. It is possible after taking baths, hot showers, baths or saunas.

Examination and treatment tactics

Doctors know methods of treating patients with facial allergies, what to do in this situation and the possible consequences. There are a large number of diseases with a similar clinical picture. Before you get rid of allergies on the face, you need to exclude another pathology. It is necessary to interview the patient. This is necessary to identify a potential allergen. The following studies are being carried out:

dermatoscopy;
allergic skin tests;
general and biochemical analyzes blood;
analysis for immunoglobulins of class E;
application tests;
provocative tests.

Before removing eye allergies, it is required to carry out ophthalmoscopy, biomicroscopy and other studies of the organ of vision. You need to be able to help a sick person. With the development of Quincke's edema, it is required to stop contact with the allergen, rinse the skin warm water, apply enterosorbent and antihistamine.

If the cause was an insect bite, then you need to remove the sting. For angioedema, corticosteroids are given. If necessary, carried out infusion therapy... It removes antigens and toxins from the blood. V acute period of Quincke's edema, fresh frozen plasma and a C1 inhibitor are injected. Antifibrinolytics are often prescribed.

Androgens are often included in the treatment regimen.

These medicines are for adults only. How to treat allergies on the face, not everyone knows. In case of skin irritation, they are prescribed antihistamines(Zyrtek, Zodak, Claritin, etc.). Doctors know not only the causes of facial allergies, how to treat patients, but also what nutrition should be.

After the medicine relieves the main symptoms, a diet is required. It is necessary to exclude canned food, dairy products, citrus fruits, some berries, honey, nuts, chocolate from the diet. A specialist will also tell you how to treat facial allergies in pregnant women. When carrying a baby, many medications are prohibited from taking.

If a person has spots on the face (allergies), the prognosis is most often favorable. The danger is: shock, angioedema and reactions with systemic manifestations. Thus, an allergy in the face area is frequent condition... If you experience a rash or other symptoms, you should see your doctor and determine the cause.

- a group of diseases united by common clinical manifestations on the skin, not having a single etiopathogenesis, but always accompanied by hypersensitivity reactions.

In clinical practice, the term "facial allergy" as a nosological unit is practically not used. This formulation is appropriate for comparative description similar clinical manifestations on the skin of the face with a variety of allergic diseases. The phrase "allergic dermatoses" is used more often.

Allergy pathogenesis

The causes of dermatoallergies are not well understood. Their pathogenesis is complex, it covers almost all organs. Allergies - systemic diseases caused by impaired immune response, then the body tissues are involved in the process. Manifestations on the skin of the face and body are the result of internal changes that have taken place.

The most likely routes for the allergen to enter the body are:

Injection;

By mouth with food, water, or medicine;

Inside with inhaled air;

Contact through the skin or mucous membrane.

Allergy is reproduced in the form of four types of response, in clinical practice, their combinations are often found:

Type I response (anaphylaxis)... Allergen (A), when it enters the body for the first time, causes a response in the form of the production of antibodies (AT). This is the immunological (preparatory) stage. ATs cause sensitization of the body (hypersensitivity). When A re-enters the body, they meet with sensitized antibodies. As a result, there is a rapid release of histamine, serotonin and other substances - mediators of pathogenesis. This is the second pathological-chemical stage. AT are fixed on mast cells ( connective tissue skin) and lymphocytes ( cellular immunity). Under the influence of histamine mast cells in the skin "explode" and form damage on it. The reaction develops within 10-15 minutes. This is the so-called pathophysiological stage (stage of clinical manifestation). Allergy manifests itself in the form of urticaria, Quincke's edema, atopic dermatitis on the face;

Type II response (cytolysis)... It develops with incompatibility of blood groups (allergic blood transfusion pathologies). Dermatoallergy is involved in pathogenesis indirectly;

III type of response (immune complex)... It is the result of the formation of a large number of circulating immune complexes (CIC) or the impossibility (for any reason) of their elimination (destruction) by phagocytes in the tissues of the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Moving along the bloodstream, the CECs settle in organs and tissues, causing toxic changes in them. This type of response is typical for discoid and disseminated lupus erythematosus (symmetrical red spots on the cheeks, connected on the bridge of the nose in the form of a butterfly), hemorrhagic vasculitis (rashes on the skin of the arms, legs and trunk), serum sickness (including a rash on the skin of the face) ;

IV type of response (delayed hypersensitivity)... Allergy develops with the participation of immunocompetent lymphocytes (T cells) after exposure to antigens (AH). As a result of the interaction, an antigen-specific pool of sensitized lymphocytes is formed. When AG re-entering the body, an increased formation of T-cells of various subpopulations occurs. The response to repeated administration of hypertension develops slowly. A vivid clinical picture appears only after 6-48 hours.

Facial allergy symptoms

Allergy is indicated by the subjective sensations of the patient and outward signs on the skin of the body and face, revealed during the collection of anamnesis. Symptoms, determined by the examination of the patient, make it possible to differentiate different shapes.

A rash or rash on the face (exanthema) is limited pathological change skin, which differs from healthy areas in color and appearance. Different types rashes with dermatoallergies have great importance for differential diagnosis diseases and appointments correct treatment... Allergodermatosis on the face is accompanied by the formation of primary and secondary rashes.

Primary types of facial rash with allergies:

Papule (nodule) - A uniform, red swelling that rises above the skin. When pressed, it changes color to white. Distinguish between superficial (epidermal), deep (dermal) and mixed (epidermal) papules. Depending on the size - miliary (up to 3 mm), lenticular (up to 7 mm), numbered (up to 30 mm). Small papules are painless, after the end of pathogenesis, they disappear without a trace;

Pustule (abscess)... A convex cavity filled with pus, which is usually detected when the pathogenesis is complicated by the penetration of pyogenic microflora. Does not fade when pressed. The head stands out in the center white... Distinguish between superficial and deep pustules. Superficial abscesses heal without a trace, deep ones degenerate into scars;

Blister (urtica). A fairly large bubble of round or irregular shape, filled with exudate. Blistering is usually accompanied by itching and burning. As a rule, bubbles disappear without a trace within 24 hours. An exception is urticarial vasculitis - with it, the blisters last up to 4 days. Blister - Result acute inflammation papillary layer of the dermis, which is accompanied by a small. Diagnosed with allergic, mosquito bites, horseflies, toxidermia;

Vesicle. A tubercle with a diameter of not more than 10 mm, filled with a transparent or reddish exudate. It is the result of the stratification of the epidermis under the influence of various allergic factors... Vesicles can be found with contact and atopic dermatitis, Lyell's syndrome and other allergies.

Secondary types of facial rash with allergies:

A scab is a crust on the skin formed by dead tissue and dried inflammatory exudate. Scabs are observed with long-term dermatoallergies;

Scale - exfoliated dried epidermis, fragments of yellow or gray, can be of different sizes - from large (5 mm) to small (1 mm). Appear after the disappearance of the vesicle, pustules or papules;

Erosion is a deep defect in the skin (down to the lower layers of the epidermis), the result of multiple opening of vesicles or pustules. Erosion repeats their shape and size.

Allergy is an abnormal hypersensitivity of the immune system to one or more substances (allergens), manifested by its sharp rejection reaction upon contact with irritants. At first contact, allergies are never discussed; if this is a reaction, then this is only a manifestation of intolerance. According to WHO figures, today every third inhabitant of the Earth has allergies in its various manifestations, which is why the 21st century is called the allergic age.

The term "allergy" itself was introduced back in 1906 by a pediatrician from Vienna, Clemens Von Pirquet, who noticed that some of his patients react unusually to ordinary substances (dust, pollen, food) with the manifestation of such special signs as edema, itching, rash etc.

The human immune system - has its own cells in the body everywhere, especially in the intestines and lymphoid tissue, bone marrow... Regardless of their location, they perform a protective function everywhere. These include lymphocytes, antibodies, immunoglobulins, interferons, etc. Each cell of the system has its own purpose from birth and they are grouped: someone is fighting viruses, others are fighting bacteria, worms, etc. The groups are coordinated with each other. If any link weakens, diseases arise.

Allergy is the result of a violation of the parity between groups of immune cells. Due to such an imbalance, the immune system begins to react inadequately to ordinary substances (for example, a person smelled a flower), with increased sensitivity. This leads to reactions from the target organs: swelling of the skin, eyes, nose, gastrointestinal tract, etc. A hereditary predisposition also plays a significant role: allergic parents have a high probability that the child will also be allergic.

Etiology of the phenomenon

Naturally, the reason is only in the presence of an allergen and its effect, but there are a lot of provoking factors. The widespread prevalence of allergies is associated with poor ecology most often, especially in megacities: exhaust gases, industrial waste emissions, and the rapid development of chemical production. Also takes place:

uncontrolled medication intake;
improper nutrition;
household chemicals.

An allergen is often:

house, household, book and road dust (often contains mites, fungi and their metabolites);
soft furniture;
feathers, down and animal hair;
animal excrement;
food for fish;
pollen;
food products;
perfume, skin care product, etc.

Types of allergies

There are five of them:

Food - red-orange range of products, semi-finished products, shop sweets and soda. An example is facial allergy.
Insectal - develops from stinging insects. It immediately manifests itself as a rash, swelling of the eyelids, and Quincke's edema often develops. It is almost impossible to get rid of it, the insect can be found anywhere.
Respiratory - occurs when an allergen is inhaled: it can be animal hair, dust, pollen, mold.
Infectious - develops mainly on microbes of the Neisseriaceae family that cause AD. Therefore, asthma is considered an infectious and allergic disease.
Medicinal - occurs when a medicine is prescribed by the patient himself, taken uncontrollably and for a long time. With her, not only Quincke's edema develops very quickly, but also anaphylactic shock with a lethal end. It is impossible to cope with it at home, emergency treatment.

Types of allergic reactions

There are four types of them:

The first type of reaction is anaphylactic allergy; the fastest, most immediate. It manifests itself in a few minutes. All complications of allergies can be such reactions: anaphylactic shock, asthma attack.
The second type - cytotoxic hypersensitivity - manifests itself 6 hours after the allergen.
The third is an immunocomplex reaction; develops 12 hours after exposure. Examples of this are allergic dermatitis in adults, conjunctivitis.
The fourth - the delayed type, develops 1-3 days after the allergen - these are tuberculin tests, transplant rejection, contact dermatitis.

Symptomatic manifestations

Allergy symptoms always relate to the respiratory tract (swelling of the nasal mucosa with difficulty in nasal breathing, dry cough, choking, itching in the throat, rhinitis), skin, eyes (conjunctivitis, lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids, face), gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea, nausea). The most common allergy reaction manifests itself on the entire head and neck.

Allergy on the face - there is no such nosology, this is a whole group of pathologies, the factors are different, but the signs are of the same type, albeit polymorphic, in the form of allergic dermatoses. When an allergy develops on the face in adults and the reasons for it are not clear, it is imperative to see a doctor, at least for choosing a treatment. This can be a manifestation of:

food allergies;
a cosmetic product can also become a source of allergies;
taking medications;
insect bite;
use household chemicals etc.

An allergic rash on the face looks small-point, itchy, swollen, red. Cosmetic allergenic products include waterproof mascara, cheap lipstick, foundation, bright shadows. Facial allergy develops primarily at the site of application cosmetic product so it goes blotchy. In addition to the rash, there may be: burning and dry skin; there may be acne on the face, especially with oily skin.

After stinging insects, exanthema, blisters and itching appear on the skin of the face. The difference between a simple bite and an allergy is that when bitten, the redness does not spread over the face. With allergies, a runny nose and redness of the eyes may join. With continued contact, the rash can develop into large spots, up to hives. Quincke's edema can often begin, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

swelling of the face, which continues to swell, while the eye slits are practically closed;
there is a feeling of pressure on the skin from the inside;
lips and ears swell quickly.

This condition is dangerous by the development of laryngeal edema and requires taking urgent action... The incipient laryngeal edema is manifested by a barking cough and a hoarse voice, a feeling of suffocation. This is especially common and dangerous in young children. What to do in such cases? Just call an ambulance with an urgent tracheotomy.

Allergy on the head - its causes, among others, are hair care products (masks, shampoos, dyes, balms), poor-quality hats. With an allergic origin of the disease, the very first sign of allergy is itching. It grows slowly, but then does not stop. As a result, dermatitis develops here. There may be a rash on the face.

Allergy on the neck - her skin is considered the most sensitive. Of the provoking factors, one can note cosmetics, synthetic clothing, jewelry (especially if they are not removed), UFO, pollen and certain products, any dust, medicines. Allergy on the neck is manifested by edema, skin flushing, itching and burning, peeling and dry skin. Among the rashes, there are bubbles, spots, scales. If an allergy to the neck is complicated by a systemic allergic reaction of the body, it is possible that shortness of breath, nasal congestion, cephalalgia, visual impairment and hearing impairment are possible.

Ear allergies - often caused by poor quality jewelry, ear jewelry, ear piercings, and care products. Symptoms are manifested by desquamation, hyperemia. Often all this is accompanied by small rashes discharge of serous fluid from ear canal and severe itching... Later, noticeable swelling may develop. auricles and mucous membrane in the tympanic cavity. The constant flow of fluid from the passage leads to weeping eczema in this place. Allergic rhinitis, acne on the face join, sleep is disturbed, general weakness and sweating, decreased activity is observed.

The eustachian tube may become clogged due to swelling. This happens more often in children. Deafness can develop without treatment. If, at the same time, a laying in the ear is noted and the fluid becomes purulent, then there is purulent otitis media. There may be a latent course, without the severity of symptoms.

Allergy on the forehead - a rash on the forehead can be flat, scaly, embossed. It can peel off, flake off. If you have a rash on your forehead, this may not necessarily be a manifestation of an allergy. It can also be a simple irritation after sun exposure. Skin allergies are always accompanied by itching. Often, an allergic rash on the forehead develops as a result of contact with local antiseptics... In severe cases, the entire face and tongue may swell - anaphylaxis, in which an emergency emergency hospitalization is necessary.

Allergy on the eyelids - when an allergen comes into contact with the conjunctiva. For reasons, besides all the usual ones, wearing contact lenses allocated indoor plants irritant substances, tobacco smoke, UFO, eye drops and cosmetics, hair sprays and deodorants. There is severe dryness of the eyes, hyperemia of the sclera, intolerable itching, redness and swelling of the eyelids.

Allergy on the eyelids can be manifested not only by damage to the eyelids, but also by the retina, optic nerve, choroid eyes and keratitis (corneal lesions). Lacrimation with mucous discharge and crusts on the eyelids is possible.

Lip allergy is a contact allergic cheilitis. It is considered a delayed allergic reaction. Of the reasons, all of the above can be named. In addition, weather conditions, dental elixirs and pastes, tattoos, piercings, fillings, mouthpieces, pencils in the mouth. Allergy on the lips is manifested by the fact that wounds, blisters, itching appear on the skin, then dryness and peeling of the skin. Blistering lips small rash, cracks, purulent crust. Edema, severe itching occurs on the border.

Diagnostic measures

The most popular diagnostic methods:

Prik testing - applying allergen to the forearm skin and checking the result after 15 minutes.
Blood sampling for the determination of allergens in it.
Elimination tests are the gradual elimination of suspected food allergens and verification of the result.
A third of allergy sufferers have an increased level of eosinophils in their blood (more than 5). You can also determine the level of IgE immunoglobulins and the concentration of eosinophilic protein.

Treatment principles

Treatment will be successful for acquired allergies. If it is a matter of heredity, there will be no complete deliverance, only a reduction in relapses. So how to get rid of facial allergies in general and in particular?

Treatment principles:

exclusion of a meeting with an allergen;
the use of histamine blockers - AGP;
local treatment with drops, gels, ointments;
bowel cleansing by taking enterosorbents, removing helminths, improving and normalizing microflora;
carrying out SIT.

How to treat ear allergies? In case of ear allergies, the ears are washed with nat. solution, use ear drops Cetirizine, Allergodil. At mucopurulent discharge it is necessary to clean the ear with a metal quilted jacket with a thread.

Allergic reactions today attack many, in some they manifest themselves on external factors or medicines, and someone has for food. In rare cases, allergic irritation occurs only on the face, in many patients, the skin changes in other parts of the body, signs of conjunctivitis and rhinitis appear. If you have never seen how an allergy occurs in adults, the photos in this article will be a good example.

Allergy on the face in adults: photo

Causes of facial allergies in adults

The main cause of facial allergy in adults is an imperfect and insufficient immune system of the body, so allergens attack and modify cells.

Infection proceeds according to the following scheme: a foreign cell (allergen) enters the body, after which protective immune properties to remove it, however, the immunity does not have enough strength to fight. In this regard, the allergen is in the body for a long time, which reacts with the manifestation of allergy on the face.

Quite often, rashes and spots on the face appear as a result of:

Contact with pets (hamsters, dogs, cats) - allergy to animal hair.
Excessive use of hygiene rules - fanatical monitoring of the cleanliness of the skin, can lead to a weakening of the protective functions of the body, because they do not participate in the life of the body.
Improper nutrition - if present in the diet great amount synthetic products and preservatives, it can cause rashes and redness on the skin.
Moving to a new place or changing the climate - when the body gets into new conditions, it protective functions may decrease, which is why allergic reactions appear.
Genetic predisposition - if parents suffered from various kinds of allergies, then their children have a predisposition to similar reactions.

On the face, allergies can appear due to a variety of reasons, which cannot always be immediately identified. Therefore, in order to accurately determine the allergen, the doctor must prescribe tests.

Symptoms

Allergy on the face is manifested in the same way in both children and adults.

The main symptoms are:

Redness of the surface of the face or red spots;
Severe swelling of the face;
Severe itching;
Rashes and blisters that have no fluid;
Nasal congestion;
Dry skin and peeling;
Multiple acne on the face;
Teary eyes, conjunctivitis;
In severe cases, Quincke's edema.

In the process of developing an allergic reaction, it is not necessary that all symptoms, without exception, will be present, most often it manifests itself in three signs.

Treatment

To completely get rid of allergic reactions, it is necessary to undergo a whole course of measures to reduce sensitivity to an irritant. The essence of this course is to introduce a small amount of an allergen into the body over a long period in order to develop immunity to it.

If the allergy does not bother you much, or if there is no way to complete the whole course, then the treatment can be carried out with local means. The most popular among them are:

Allergy creams and ointments - given form is the most common treatment for allergy symptoms. To enhance their action, often use complex oral antihistamines.
Oral antiallergic drugs are universal means, for adults are available in the form of capsules or tablets.
Intravenous injections - red spots, rashes are very quickly eliminated, and swelling of the face is also removed.

For an allergic rash on the face, the following drugs are often prescribed:

Suprastin is a drug that has a wide range of actions. It is able to eliminate almost all manifestations of allergies.
Fenistil is a hormone-free drug that is suitable even for newborns.
Tavegil is a fast-acting drug.
Allertek is a very effective remedy.

In no case is it possible to self-medicate, it is best to consult a doctor who will not only select the appropriate drug, but also determine the required dosage.

Video compilation

Allergy to the face appears in adults and children. Redness, rashes, swelling are signs that worsen not only appearance, but also health. Negative symptoms indicate negative processes in the body.

What signs indicate the development of a dangerous angioedema? What medications and folk remedies eliminate the manifestations of allergies on the cheeks, chin, forehead? Can I apply hormonal ointments with allergies on the face? Answers in the article.

Probable causes of occurrence

Negative reactions are the result of the interaction of foreign proteins with cells of the immune system. With a powerful release of histamine, the mechanism of allergic inflammation is triggered, special biologically active substances irritate the skin papillae. After a while, negative symptoms appear on the surface of the epidermis. With pseudo-allergies on the face and body, negative signs are also noticeable, but the immune system does not participate in the reaction.

Major allergens:

low temperatures, harsh wind, ultraviolet light;
highly allergenic products;
potent drugs: sulfonamides, antibiotics;
pollen of some plants, mold spores, pet hair, dust mites;
cosmetics with irritating ingredients or not suitable for a certain type of epidermis;
frequent stress, poor ecology, heredity;
passion for deep cleansing of the skin of the face. The gradual thinning of the epidermis provokes excessive sensitivity to the action of stimuli.

Facial allergy ICD code - 10 - L20 - L30 (Dermatitis and eczema).

Types of allergic reactions

Upon contact with an irritant on the face and body, negative symptoms appear after a certain time:

lightning-fast reaction. Dangerous species immune response, signs (often severe) appear after 10-15 minutes, sometimes after half an hour;
slow response. Rash, redness, swelling, blisters appear after a few hours or two to three days. Mild reactions or pronounced signs are possible when the allergen accumulates in the body.

Signs and symptoms

How to recognize a facial allergy? Dermatitis in this area is characterized by various signs.In some cases, one or two pronounced negative symptoms appear, in others, a complex of negative reactions is noticeable.

The main signs of allergy on the face:

blisters. Convex formations appear against the background of allergic inflammation. Formations are pale pink or purple, with urticaria, they resemble a trace from the touch of a burning plant;
pustules. Ulcers contain exudate, after resorption, deep pustules leave pits and scars on the skin;
scales. Little aesthetic small crusts of grayish-white or yellow color- the result of peeling of the epidermis. Unpleasant formations most often appear on the eyebrows, ears, eyelids, scalp;
crusts. A secondary sign of facial allergy occurs after the inflamed areas dry out. In the chronic form of the disease, the crusts of a dirty yellow or grayish color develop with the attenuation of the negative process;
redness. A characteristic feature of the majority allergic diseases... Hyperemia is often observed in the face area: on the cheeks, chin, on the forehead. Redness occurs with acute immune response and pseudo-allergy after consumption a large number some products: honey, oranges, chocolate;
papules or nodules. Education different sizes- 3-30 mm, red color, slight swelling is noticeable. After admission antihistamines papules disappear without leaving a trace;
... Negative symptoms appear in the area of contact with the allergen. It is easier to determine by the localization zone, against the background of the action, what factor arose redness, hyperemia, swelling, and burning sensation appeared.
erythema. Against the background of the expansion of the capillaries on the body, red spots appear that do not rise above the skin. To the touch, problem areas do not differ from healthy areas. After the return of blood flow to normal condition erythema disappears;
. Dangerous reaction with characteristic features: the face swells, the eyes resemble cracks due to swollen eyelids, cheeks. Puffiness develops on the mucous membranes of the mouth, the palate, tongue, larynx swell. If assistance is not provided, a lethal outcome is possible due to suffocation in acute allergic inflammation;
erosion. The shape and size correspond to the opened abscesses. Affected areas are “gates” for microbes and pathogenic fungi. Erosion is accompanied by.

On a note! Allergy on the face in children often appears up to a year when switching from breastfeeding to artificial feeding, the introduction of complementary foods. Often, negative signs arise after eating a crumb breast milk if a nursing mother eats prohibited highly allergenic foods. Redness, rashes, crusts, itching accompany contact dermatitis, childhood eczema, food allergies.

General rules and methods of treatment

How to treat facial allergies? When eliminating negative signs you need to be especially careful: it is forbidden to treat delicate skin with many powerful agents suitable for application to the buttocks or hands. It is important not only to lubricate the irritated epidermis with creams, gels with a therapeutic effect, but also to suppress the process from the inside: to take antihistamines. Lotions and sprays act more "gently" on problem areas, after which there is no penetration active ingredients into the deep layers of the skin.

Drug therapy

tablets, drops and syrups for allergic reactions. The liquid form is suitable for babies and children under 12 years old, tablets are prescribed for adults (children in rare cases). Effective drugs at chronic types allergies and mild manifestations:, and others. In case of an acute reaction, appoint;
non-hormonal ointments and creams for facial allergies. for topical application:, Dermadrin, Ketocin. Wound healing, anti-inflammatory compounds: Wundehil, Bepanten, Epidel, Protopic, Solcoseryl ointment;
... The compositions soften, moisturize, nourish the epidermis, prevent peeling, relieve itching. The best drugs in the form of a cream-emulsion, milk for face and body, ointment, cream: Lokobase Ripea, Topikrem, Omnika, Emolium, Dardia, Mustella Stellatopia;
hormonal creams and on the face. In case of negative reactions on the face, doctors prescribe last resort if non-hormonal compounds do not help. It is undesirable for children to apply potent drugs on delicate skin to avoid folliculitis, excessive dryness of the skin. Preparations for the treatment of problem areas: Afloderm, Elokom, Advantan. Other corticosteroids should not be applied to the face;
... Rashes on the arms, back, cheeks, neck, chin are a signal of negative processes in the body. In case of allergic inflammation or it is important to cleanse the body of harmful food components, drug residues, toxins as soon as possible. Effective sorbent drugs: Multisorb, Sorbex, Polyphepan, White coal, Smecta, Enterumin,;
sedatives. Against the background of itching, insomnia, irritability often develop, the patient experiences worsening appearance with allergies on the face. Stressful situations worsen the course of the disease, provoke an increase in negative symptoms. Patients are prescribed drugs: valerian tablets, Novopassit, Karvelis drops, soothing collection, Persen, motherwort tincture, lemon balm and mint decoction.

Folk remedies and recipes

It is possible to apply homemade formulations to the face only after the permission of the attending physician. When choosing an ointment, decoction, you need to take into account the strength negative reaction, the form of the disease.

Proven funds:

lotions with a decoction of calendula, chamomile, sage, oak bark,. Each plant has a positive effect on problem areas in skin reactions. Active action gives herbal collection from two or three components;
aloe juice from inflammation and redness with allergic reactions... Helps not only freshly squeezed juice from the fleshy leaf of the agave, but also the pulp, which can be used to wipe problem areas;
decoction of nettle. The agent is taken orally to remove toxins, cleanse the blood;
herbal tea with antiallergic effect. Combine licorice, string, sage, wheatgrass, elecampane root (1 part each) and viburnum twigs (twice as many as the rest of the ingredients);
... For 1 liter of boiled, slightly warm water take 1 g of natural mountain balm. Drink 100 ml of healing liquid daily.

Hypoallergenic diet

- an obligatory element in the treatment of all types of diseases with hypersensitivity of the body. Refusal prevents the appearance of new rashes, reduces redness, itching. You should not use names with preservatives, emulsifiers, synthetic dyes.

It is important to reduce the stress on the digestive system. Nutritionists recommend steamed, baked dishes. Boil the meat well or serve the meatballs for a couple. Exclude fried dishes, pickled vegetables, pickles, smoked meats, seasonings and spices from the diet.