What to feed children with allergies? We are making a menu. Children's allergens The most allergenic foods for children under 3

Threats to the health and well-being of a child arise from various sources. Allergenic foods also cause many problems. Out of ignorance or simply due to inattention, parents do not take this into account. As a result, an allergic reaction develops, the elimination of which is sometimes quite a difficult task. There are many foods that can potentially cause allergies. You should at least look at the most allergenic foods for children in order to exclude them from the diet.

Why foods cause allergies in children

To decide on an allergenic food, you will first have to understand how it affects the child’s body. The main mechanism of allergies is an inadequate response of the immune system to certain pathogens. Normal if the child is infancy received a sufficient amount of breast milk and developed correctly, an allergic reaction is unlikely. Or at least it will disappear with age, because the digestive system will “ripen”.

But in situations where the baby did not receive breast milk in the required volume, or the mother did not eat correctly during the feeding period, there is a tendency to be allergic to certain foods. It also occurs if the child is switched to artificial formula too early. And, of course, one cannot ignore the factor of heredity. The functioning of the immune system also depends on it.

What foods are the most allergenic for children?

We now understand how allergies arise. And you can begin to consider the products for which it appears especially often. Each of these products can be given to children. But this must be done with caution and in small quantities. What foods are the most allergenic? The main ones are presented below.

The most allergenic foods

If you wish, you can divide all products that threaten children with allergies into several categories. Let's start with the most popular foods that are included in the daily diet.

Cow's milk. Proper milk itself does not harm children. But this drink (or product) contains protein, which the body of preschool children has difficulty digesting. What then can we say about children who are not yet 2-3 years old?
Fish, primarily sea fish, and seafood. This is a product that the ancestors of most compatriots were not aware of. That is, he is “alien.” Of course, unless many generations of your relatives lived near the sea. It is better not to give such an allergenic product to a child until he is approximately one year old.
Any eggs. It doesn’t matter whether eggs are chicken or quail, eggs can still cause allergies if the child is less than one and a half years old. The reason here is the same as in the case of cow's milk.
Chicken meat. In principle, almost any meat is allergenic for children. But chicken in in this case especially dangerous. Even when the child is two years old, chicken must still be introduced carefully. The skin, which is the most allergenic “part,” must be removed from it.
Mushrooms. Another product containing a large number of protein, albeit plant-based. Mushrooms, in addition, are difficult for children to digest. This means that you will have to stop using them. Moreover, doctors recommend not giving this allergenic product to children until school age.
Nuts. Not all, but mostly peanuts. The same problem is an excess of protein, which the child’s body is unable to break down and absorb.

It turns out that all the main products can be called allergenic. This does not mean that they should be abandoned completely. But it is important to add them to your child’s menu carefully. Then the allergenicity of this food will not be as pronounced as it could be.

The most allergenic fruits and vegetables

Parents try to include vegetables and fruits in their child's diet, as they contain many vitamins. Only here you should be careful. There are an incredible amount of fruits, vegetables and berries that threaten an allergic reaction. It’s easier not to list them, but to identify them common feature. This is red. Products in this category, which have a red tint, are mostly allergenic.

But there remains a wide range of alternatives - many other fruits and vegetables. Green apples, yellow pears, and white zucchini will not harm your baby's health. This is the set you need to start with. But carrots, red apples, currants - it’s better to wait with them. And from fruits it is necessary to exclude any citrus fruits. There is no need to give them to your child, at least until he is three or four years old.

The most allergenic desserts for children

Almost all sweets can cause allergies. But the risk can be reduced if you give your child under three years of age marshmallows or natural marmalade. Again, these products must be natural. If they contain foreign dyes or flavors, the product already becomes allergenic. Chocolate should not be given until the child is 3 years old. Moreover, until adolescence, it is better to give only delicate milk chocolate, but not black and white.

Honey for children: allergenic or not?

Under no circumstances should children under three years of age be given honey. Yes, porridge and other dishes will taste better with this product. But the danger of allergies, which will then haunt the child for quite a long time, is incredibly high. Actually, an allergic reaction occurs not to honey itself, but to pollen. But the essence does not change: you should stop drinking honey.

When you decide to introduce it into your child’s diet, you will first have to add only minimal portions. We're not talking about a teaspoon, but literally just one drop!

If the allergenic product does harm the child

No matter how closely parents monitor their children’s diet, allergies can occur. What to do then? The following remedies will help neutralize the harm from allergenic products:

intake of absorbents: the simplest - Activated carbon, 2–4 tablets at a time;
taking antihistamines: you should always keep a couple of antihistamines for children in your first aid kit at hand;
enema: this last resort, if you urgently need help and there is no doctor nearby.

All this seems very dangerous only at first glance. But Komarovsky claims that parents themselves are primarily to blame for the formation of food allergies. How does he explain this? If you want to know the answer, watch the video. Madame Georgette, in turn, says goodbye to you for now... There will be a lot more interesting things here soon.

Our century, unfortunately, differs from the previous one with poor ecology and poor quality food. Many products contain artificial colors, flavor enhancers, preservatives, sugar substitutes, etc.

It is not surprising that young children often begin to suffer from various diseases. Allergies take first place in this ranking. Statistics show that out of five children, two suffer from this disease.

For almost any of the children's food products the immune system may respond with an allergic reaction. The symptoms are as follows: the child’s body and face become covered with a rash, which is accompanied by severe peeling and redness. skin. Very often, a frivolous attitude towards allergies allows it to develop into quite serious illness, For example, .

Up to 6 months the body infant able to react with allergies to various foods. From the first days of life until one year, many food products for children are allergens, but this does not mean that they will remain allergens for the child in the future. The only thing that is well tolerated is breast milk and special infant formula. This only indicates that the child’s digestive system is not yet mature enough and does not produce the necessary enzymes for the purpose of digesting certain foods.

When a product enters the body, containing in its composition something that is not yet known for the child’s digestion, and the amount of enzymes that is available cannot cope with digestion. A large release of immunoglobulin (IgE) occurs in the body, then those external symptoms appear that we already see and understand that the child is allergic to something. But this only happens with products containing strong allergens, and there are those that contain them, but in small quantities, then at first it is not even noticeable that the child has an allergy. The mother continues to feed her child and herself foods with slow-acting allergens and has no idea what harm they cause. Therefore, children's allergens need to be known almost by heart, this will help preserve the baby's health.

Feed the baby breast milk very useful, but some allergens of children under one year old can enter the child’s body along with him, so it is also important for the mother to adhere to a diet, excluding from her diet anything that can intensify the illness in her child.

As for transferring the child to solid foods, more mature ones, you need to start feeding with hypoallergenic food for children, these include oatmeal, cabbage, pumpkin, apples, and others. Then we periodically add new foods to the diet, only in small portions, monitoring the reaction child's body, but this should be done in parallel with the maturation of the enzymatic system.

Allergic reaction to infant formula

You need to know allergens for children; for this you need to carefully study them in the lists given below and then create a menu for your baby.

Allergens for children can be strong, which provoke allergies, and weak. You need to know the strong ones and pay attention to them when feeding your baby. Special attention.

Strong allergens in food for children:

Dairy products and milk. The highest percentage of allergies among other products. It's all about protein; it is difficult for a small, immature body to digest.
. Especially chicken ones. The allergen is egg white.
Fish. Fish caviar and all seafood. Canned fish.
Meat. Allergies are caused by very fatty meats.
. The most dangerous among them are red.
Fruits and vegetables. Those that are red are dangerous.
. All fruits orange color and fruits of exotic origin have an increased threat.
Nuts. Everything except walnuts.
Semolina and...
Coffee. Chocolate, cocoa, coffee.
Confectionery.
Products containing preservatives, artificial flavors and colors.

List of allergenic foods for children with varying degrees of activity:

Increased activity:

dairy products, eggs, meat products (chicken);
different types of fish;
bush berries, black currants;
pineapples, melons, grapes, all citrus fruits;
pomegranate, cocoa, honey, nuts, mushrooms;
red vegetables, carrots, celery, rye, wheat.

Average activity:

turkey, pork and rabbit meat;
, all legumes, green peppers;
peach, apricot, banana, pear, red currant, cranberry;
rice, corn grits.

Low activity:

lamb meat, beef;
squash, zucchini, radish, green cucumbers, cabbage;
green and yellow apple, plum;
white cherries, white currants, watermelons;
pumpkins are not dark in color;
almond.

Here are some food allergens that pose a high risk for children. It is important to remember them and give them to your child with caution, or avoid them altogether.

Products that cause allergies

Sometimes even mildly allergenic foods can cause a rash if the child eats them in excessive quantities. It is necessary to establish a measure and observe it during feeding.

Laboratory study of allergens

Laboratory studies have shown that the list of allergens for children does not end with food products. There are also other types:

household, pollen, fungal and epidermal allergens.

Household:

, dogs, horse, cow;
parrot, canary;
cockroaches, ;
house dust, pillow, blanket;
household chemicals.

Pet hair

Pollen:

ragweed, wormwood, hay, nettle, quinoa;
poplar, white acacia;
plant fluff;
wheat.

Fungal:

echinococcus;
schistosome;
roundworm

Epidermal:

synthetic fibers.

Among this list, household and pollen are strong allergens for children. They most often cause an allergic reaction.

Increasingly, evidence is appearing in the literature that a strict diet for allergies can be not only not beneficial, but also harmful. How to choose the right diet for a child with allergies? This article will help you understand how a hypoallergenic diet should be structured for children with various allergic diseases.

Allergy is a disease that develops as a result of an inadequate reaction of the body to the ingress of a foreign protein. This substance can penetrate in various ways:

aerogenic, and then hay fever develops;
contact, which entails the development of contact dermatitis;
parenterally, causing drug allergies or allergy to insect venom;
and, of course, food.

In case of food allergies, in order to prevent the body from contacting the allergenic protein, it is necessary to exclude from the diet foods that contain this protein.

Elimination diet

It is of a very specific nature. From the foods consumed, you need to remove specific, specific ones, only those to which you have hypersensitivity. Use specific diets if it is impossible to carry out accurate diagnosis, or at its earliest stages (including self-diagnosis).

To determine which product an undesirable reaction is developing, remove the “suspects” one by one and monitor the condition of the allergic person.

Non-specific diet

The second option is a basic, non-specific diet. It is needed in order to reduce the overall food load on the body by eliminating all “dangerous” foods in terms of allergies from the diet.

It is required for people with allergies of any kind, as well as in the first stages of an allergy examination.

Thus, the purpose of a hypoallergenic diet is as follows:

diagnostic search for trigger allergen;
avoiding contact with the trigger allergen;
reducing the overall allergenic load on the body;
replenishment of excluded nutrients and microelements through other products.

The last point is of key importance, since a strict hypoallergenic diet for children is necessary and important only during periods of severe exacerbation, before prescribing therapy. The rest of the time, it is important not so much to exclude the allergen from food (in case of food allergies), but to form a complete, balanced diet, taking into account this exclusion.

General principles of developing a diet for allergies in a child

When forming a diet, it is very important to take into account the characteristics of the child’s body.

So, it is necessary to remember that Children need protein and fiber to a much greater extent than adults.. This is due both to the extremely high activity of the child (especially at the age of 3-7 years), and to the need to “complete” all systems and organs. But it so happens that it is animal protein that most often provokes an inadequate immune response.

The second point is the high prevalence of allergies to cow's milk protein. In addition, there are certain differences between “children’s” food allergies and “adults”:

in most children, the immune reaction is combined with a non-immune reaction (the so-called pseudo-allergy is realized);
most often polyallergenic sensitization occurs;
how older child, the higher the likelihood of developing cross-allergy.

The last point is related, first of all, to expanding the child’s diet.

Taking into account all the listed features, we can highlight the basic principles for the formation of any hypoallergenic diet - both specific and nonspecific:

diet is necessary at any allergic disease , be it food hypersensitivity, hay fever or contact dermatitis;
for food allergies It is imperative to accurately determine the trigger allergen;
necessary the most complete exclusion of animal protein and replacing it with vegetable;
acceptable use fermented milk products ;
Necessarily exclusion of histamine-releasing products;
It is important to exclude not only causative allergens, but also cross stimuli(especially important for hay fever);
required strict control completeness and balance of the diet.

About the method of cooking

Food for children with allergies must be baked, steamed or boiled.

Mandatory rules

Individual selection of diet for allergies in a child is important

Another point worth focusing on is the rules that must be followed if a child needs a hypoallergenic diet:

Working in tandem with an allergist. You cannot independently exclude foods from the diet or introduce them, especially when severe course allergies;
Strict compliance. You cannot “follow” a child asking for an allergenic product. It is important to remember that when true allergy even a small portion is enough to form a heavy allergic reaction;
Timely adjustment. There is a possibility of some types of allergies self-healing with age, as well as the emergence of new ones;
Hypoallergenic life. It must be combined with a diet - regular wet cleaning, the absence of mold, dust, and, if possible, pets in the house, the use of air filters.

Stages of introducing a diet for allergies in a child

Identification of the trigger factor, selection of diet. Provocative tests, scarification tests, and empirical diet therapy are carried out. The duration of this stage is higher, the more allergens are direct irritants;
Maintenance therapy. The longest stage in diet therapy (its duration varies from 3-5 months to several years. At this stage, all allergenic foods for humans are excluded;
Diet expansion. The criterion for transition is complete clinical and laboratory remission. At this stage, starting with minimal doses, minimally allergenic foods are introduced first, then cross-allergens and, in case of successful introduction, attempts are made to introduce increasingly stronger allergens.

Non-specific diet

A nonspecific diet implies the exclusion of all highly allergenic foods. It is prescribed on the first visit to an allergist with complaints of hypersensitivity reactions.

Elimination diets are used as much as possible " wide range" According to I.V. Borisova, professor of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, all products are divided into three types according to the degree of allergenic activity. Products highlighted:

High activity:

chicken eggs;
milk;
fish products;
chicken meat;
tomatoes;
citruses;
bananas;
baker's yeast;
chocolate products, cocoa beans;
all types of nuts;
melon;
celery;
any spices.

Medium activity:

beef;
pork meat;
horse meat;
turkey;
wheat;
rye products;
barley;
oat products;
carrots;
cucumbers;
beets;
peas;
beans;
apricots;
apples;
grape;
kiwi;
pineapples;
raspberries;

Low activity:

lamb meat;
rabbit meat;
buckwheat;
zucchini;
cabbage;
turnip;
pumpkin;
prunes;
pear;
watermelons;
salad;
blueberries;
cranberries;
lingonberries.

Union of Pediatricians of Russia offers a similar scheme for distributing products according to their allergenicity:

Table: Diet for allergies in a child from the Union of Pediatricians of Russia (part 1)

Table: Diet for allergies in a child from the Union of Pediatricians of Russia (part 2)

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky names the six most allergenic foods:

egg;
peanut;
milk protein;
wheat;
fish.

Hypoallergenic diet according to Ado for children

Photo: Professor Andrey Dmitrievich Ado

HELL. Ado, a Soviet pathophysiologist, immunologist and allergist, studying the trigger mechanisms of allergic reactions, found out that there are products that are practically obligate (obligatory) allergens, and there are those that are relatively safe in terms of allergies.

The Ado diet for children with allergies, formed back in 1987, is based precisely on this: eliminating “aggressive” foods and replacing them with more gentle ones.

Advantages of this diet:

a specific list of foods that should not be consumed, rather than a lengthy definition of “hazardous food”;
exclusion of all allergens at once, which ensures quick fix clinical symptoms allergies;
the ability to introduce obligate allergens into the diet one at a time, finding out exactly what irritant a reaction develops to.

However, this technique also has disadvantages:

extreme non-specificity;
lack of focus on the individual characteristics of each child.

What a child can and cannot do with this hypoallergenic diet

By Ado can be consumed the following products:

boiled beef;
soups from cereals or vegetables;
“fermented milk” (curd mass, yogurt, kefir products);
butter, olive, sunflower oils;
buckwheat, rolled oats, rice;
unsweetened bread (white);
cucumbers (fresh only);
parsley, dill;
baked apples;
sugar;
apple compote.

Necessary remove from diet V mandatory:

any citrus fruits;
any nuts;
fish and seafood;
all poultry (including turkey);
chocolate and cocoa;
coffee;
smoked meats;
spices;
tomatoes;
eggplant;
mushrooms;
chicken and quail eggs;
milk;
strawberries, wild strawberries;
pineapples;
baked goods (especially fresh);
alcohol (relevant for older teenagers).

Hypoallergenic diet menu for children for 7 days (according to Ado)

Thus, the diet menu for children for a week might look like this:

Day of the week	Breakfast	Dinner	Afternoon snack	Dinner	Second dinner
Monday	Oatmeal on water, sandwich with butter, sweet tea	Vegetable broth soup, broccoli with boiled tongue, cabbage salad with vegetable oil, apple compote	Hard biscuits, peach juice	Mashed potatoes, beef meatballs, tea	Kefir, gingerbread
Tuesday	Pancakes on water with apple jam, chicory	Buckwheat porridge on water, beef stroganoff, tea	Apple, savory cookies	Stuffed cabbage rolls, tea	Ryazhenka, savory cookies
Wednesday	Five-grain porridge with water, sandwich with butter, tea	Vegetable puree soup, vegetable stew with sausage, tea	Drinking yogurt, Viennese waffles	Stewed cabbage with sausage	Kefir, gingerbread
Thursday	Yogurt, banana, bread, tea	Noodles, ground beef, steamed or fried without oil, dried fruit compote	Prunes	Vegetable stew with sausage, cranberry juice	Carrots with sour cream and sugar
Friday	Baked apples, raisins, cherry juice	Pea soup with vegetable broth, mashed potatoes with stewed beef, cabbage salad, tea	Yogurt, puff pastry made from yeast-free dough	Boiled rice, cauliflower, green beans, tongue, rosehip	Kefir, gingerbread
Saturday	Dairy-free rice porridge, toast with cheese, chicory	Buckwheat porridge with beef meatballs, tea	Dried apricots	Cucumber salad with olive oil, vegetable puree soup	Ryazhenka, cookies
Resurrection	Cottage cheese casserole with jam, tea	Boiled beef, cabbage salad, chicory	Cottage cheese with banana	Sausage noodles, peach juice	Yogurt, dried fruits

It is worth noting that this diet is suitable for a child of any age (over 2 years), but is approximate and requires adjustment in portion sizes.

In addition to the Ado hypoallergenic diet, vitamin therapy is required.

In addition, you should try to exclude from your diet products with dyes, flavors, emulsifiers and other unnatural additives.

Specific diet

IN this section types worth considering dietary nutrition at various diseases and symptom complexes and separately - with food allergies to specific groups of irritants. Despite the fact that, in general, dietary tables are similar. Each case has its own characteristics.

Diet for respiratory allergies

If you are allergic to pollen (especially birch), it is important to exclude cross allergens

With hay fever, the most important thing is to eliminate cross allergens. This is necessary in order to avoid the development of oral allergic syndrome. Depending on which plant pollen becomes an irritant, there are lists of cross allergens.

At bronchial asthma , which often becomes a symptom or outcome of hay fever, the main symptom of which is broncho-obstructive syndrome, it is extremely important to exclude honey from the diet so as not to provoke an episode of bronchial obstruction and, as a result, suffocation, cough, and heaviness in the chest.

Diet for skin allergies

Photo: Atopic dermatitis

It has been proven that when it comes to treatment for children with allergic dermatitis caused not by food allergies, but direct contact of the allergen, as well as with eczema and urticaria, provoked by this factor, diet therapy does not play a significant role.

Enough minimum limit highly allergenic foods during periods of exacerbation.

But a hypoallergenic diet for children with atopic dermatitis must be selected much more carefully and with care. This is especially important if atopic dermatitis caused by food allergies.

In this case, elimination of the trigger factor is actually etiopathogenetic therapy and determines the success of treatment. But even in the absence of an immediate allergic reaction to food products, it is necessary to follow a non-specific diet.

Diet for food allergies in a child

With food allergies, the key is to eliminate the trigger allergen itself, as well as all cross-irritants.

There are several main options for dietary tables:

diet without milk;
diet for hypersensitivity to cereals;
diet for hypersensitivity to the white of a chicken egg;
diet for soy allergy;
diet for allergies to yeast and mold.

Dairy-free diet

Photo: Manifestations of milk protein allergy

This type dietary supplements may be prescribed for hypersensitivity to cow's milk protein. In the most difficult situation, when the child cannot tolerate milk or dairy products, you should refrain from using:

cow's milk;
any variants of powdered milk;
margarine;
whey;
kefir;
fermented baked milk;
cream;
yoghurts;
cottage cheese;
ice cream;
cheese;
condensed milk

Often traces of milk protein may contain:

confectionery, sweets;
creams and sauces;
waffles;
biscuit;
sausage and frankfurters.

casein;
casein hydrolysate;
buttermilk;
sodium caseinate;
potassium caseinate;
calcium caseinate;
lactalbumin;
lactoglobulin.

It is worth noting that many allergy sufferers who are sensitive to cow's milk can easily tolerate goat's and mare's milk, beef, and fermented milk products. In this case, the selection of the diet should be done empirically under the supervision of an allergist.

It is necessary to compensate for the lack of milk and dairy products with lean meat, poultry, soy, and legumes. Monitoring the intake of calcium into the body is mandatory. Age standards:

You can replenish calcium deficiency vitamin complexes, as well as fish, legumes, and vegetables. Taking vitamin D is mandatory.

Diet for grain allergies

The following should be excluded from the child’s diet:

wheat-based dishes;
porridge;
cereal side dishes;
bread;
breadcrumbs;
bran;
cookies, rolls;
pasta;
cupcakes;
mayonnaise and ketchup;
chocolate;
soy sauce;
ice cream.

It is important to pay attention to the following names on the packaging:

vegetable protein (including its hydrolysates);
vegetable starch;
malt and flavorings based on it;
monosodium glutamate.

You need to be careful with emulsifiers, thickeners, and flavorings, which also often contain cereal proteins.

You can compensate for these products with barley, oats, rye, rice, buckwheat, and corn flour. However, this should be done with caution, keeping in mind the possibility of developing cross-allergy.

Diet for egg allergies

Necessary remove from consumed foods everything that contains egg white:

omelette;
marshmallows;
some baked goods;
mayonnaise and other sauces;
sausages, colabs;
nougat;
meringue;
sherbet.

You should beware of the following names on the label:

albumins;
globulins;
lysozyme;
lecithin;
livetin;
ovomucin;
ovomucoid;
Vitellin.

To replace egg white (which is usually required for baking), you can use flax-seed, soy flour and cottage cheese, gelatin, potato starch. In addition, there are many recipes available for dishes that do not require eggs.

Diet for allergies to soy, yeast

It is necessary to exclude dishes in which this product is used, incl. some sausages, sausages, minced meat, dough, coffee, chocolate, ice cream, margarine. Soy sauce should not be consumed.

In case of hypersensitivity to yeast, you should not:

baking;
vinegar;
sauerkraut;
dairy products;
fruit juices;
kvass;
alcoholic drinks, especially beer (especially important for teenagers!).

Diet for other diseases

For hemorrhagic vasculitis, which also has another name - allergic purpura - diet therapy is very important. On the one hand, often the cause of autoimmune aseptic inflammation is food allergy. On the other hand, one of the main elements of the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis is the prescription of hormonal drugs.

This type of medicine causes constant feeling hunger, which with uncontrolled food intake can lead to a sharp gain in body weight. That is why monitoring a child’s diet during illness is very important.

However, this disease is not treated on an outpatient basis; all children are required to be hospitalized, so it is easier to follow a diet. Should be excluded:

causative allergens (if any);
products that have ever caused adverse reactions, including allergies or food intolerances;
obligate allergens.

For angioedema, the diet should also be selected in accordance with the allergy history. If this state was caused by an insect bite or injection medicine, it is enough to follow a non-specific diet. In the case where the swelling was caused by a food allergen, it is absolutely necessary to exclude it.

Useful video: mistakes of hypoallergenic diets

Hypoallergenic diet for children of different ages

The above data is quite general. However, it is impossible to deny that the nutrition of a child aged 8 months and 16 years are completely different things. That is why it is important to highlight the features of a hypoallergenic diet for children of different ages.

Nutrition for children up to one year old

For infants, the main allergen is cow's milk protein. That is why products based on it are introduced into complementary foods late, not earlier than the 8th month of life. As for the main type of nutrition, this issue is relevant for those children who are on artificial or mixed feeding.

Cow's milk formula is contraindicated for them; hypoallergenic products are required, for example:

Photo: Nutrilak Peptidi MCT

Nutrilon Pepti;
Nutrilac Peptide;
Tutteli-Peptidi;
Nutramigen;
Pregestimil;
Frisopep AS.

For children with other types of allergies, hypoallergenic formulas should also be prescribed, but it is acceptable to use food based on moderately or partially hydrolyzed casein:

Nutrilak GA;
Nutrilon GA;
Humana GA;
GA topic
and etc.

If the child is breastfed, it is necessary to adjust the nutrition of the nursing mother. She may be prescribed a dairy-free or gluten-free diet, or a nonspecific hypoallergenic diet may be recommended.

The introduction of complementary feeding in such babies cannot begin early - at least from 5.5 months, and preferably from 6.5. The order of adding new products remains approximately the same as for healthy child, but it is imperative to discuss this issue with a pediatrician and allergist.

Nutrition for children from one to three years old

During this period, diet therapy is especially important.

Hypoallergenic diet for children 1 year old:

necessarily implies the exclusion of milk.
Fermented milk products are allowed if they are well tolerated.
You cannot give your child foods from the group of highly allergenic ones; it is unacceptable to go to a common table; the food should be lightly salted, without spices, preferably without chemical additives.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 2 years old:

allows the introduction of chicken and quail egg with good tolerance, but does not allow transition to the general table.

Hypoallergenic diet for a child 3 years old:

already makes it possible to transfer the child to “adult” food; fish and nuts are allowed.
However, even with a favorable course of the disease, it is not recommended to give the child chocolate, cocoa, tropical fruits, strawberries, mushrooms, citrus fruits, tomatoes, and seasonings.

Diet No. 5 GA for children 1-3 years old - menu

Sample menu for a day of a hypoallergenic diet for young children.

Menu for the day of hypoallergenic diet No. 5 ha for young children with food allergies

Diet for allergies in children over three years of age and adolescents

By and large, the hypoallergenic menu for a week for a child of three and twelve years old differs only in the size of the portions. However, it is much easier to control young children than older ones: pocket money and time spent outside the attention of parents appear.

Therefore, the importance of explaining to the child why he should not eat certain foods comes to the fore.

In senior adolescence prohibitions on:

alcoholic drinks;
fast food;
products with a large number of dyes, flavors, and flavoring additives.

Thus, the formation of a hypoallergenic diet is a very responsible process, in which it is important to take into account many factors, such as the type of allergy, the age of the child, and the trigger factor. Therefore, it is better to entrust the preparation of the diet to a specialist.

We must not forget that following a hypoallergenic diet for children is one of the most important, and sometimes the main, element in the treatment of allergic diseases.

Recipes for some dishes for children with allergies

Sources

Food allergies in children: modern look to the problem. Magazine "Attending Physician". A. S. Botkina. Link: lvrach.ru/2012/06/15435447/
Therapeutic nutrition for children of the first year of life suffering from food allergies. Magazine "Attending Physician". T. E. Borovik, N. N. Semenova, V. A. Revyakina. Link: lvrach.ru/2002/06/4529515/

The introduction of complementary foods is associated with the risk of an allergic reaction to the new product. To avoid the development of food allergies, you must follow simple rules preparing a diet.

When should complementary foods be introduced to children with food allergies?

The best prevention of food allergies is long-term breastfeeding. In this case, you need to follow a strict hypoallergenic diet. Complementary feeding for children at risk is introduced at a more late dates than their healthy peers - from 5-6 months of life.

Complementary feeding products for children at risk

Pediatricians recommend starting complementary feeding with single-ingredient purees or cereals in order to be able to monitor the baby’s body’s reaction.
If a child often has loose or unstable stools, or if the child is not gaining weight well, give him porridge as the first complementary food. Children with excess body weight and constipation are given first vegetable puree.
For children with food allergies in the first year of life, 1 type of cereal, 1 type of meat, 1-2 types of vegetables and fruits are enough.
Beef has an antigenic affinity for cow's milk proteins and may also cause allergies. It is better to give pig or turkey meat. Among meat purees, choose those that do not contain broth, spices, or salt.
Introduce whole cow's milk after 1 year of life, whole eggs after 2 years, fish and nuts after 3 years.

Introducing complementary foods to children with food allergies

Introduce a new product only when the baby is healthy, starting with 1/4-1/2 tsp. and gradually increasing the volume. When poor tolerance temporarily eliminate the product and try again in a few days.
Give each new product for 5-7 days in a row before introducing another in order to track the baby’s body’s reaction.
Replenish your children's diet only with single-ingredient products: the reaction to a particular ingredient is difficult to track when consuming multi-ingredient products.
Give complementary foods from a spoon in the morning and afternoon to monitor the reaction to the product throughout the day.

! If, for example, a pear is depicted on the front of a jar of puree, this does not mean that the puree does not contain salt, sugar, starch, oils, flavorings, food colorings, and preservatives. Their contents are indicated on the back of the packaging.
If you don’t know what your child’s body periodically “reacts” to, keep a food diary in which you write down everything your baby eats during the day. This will help identify a dangerous product.

Low allergenic products: zucchini, cauliflower, green apple, plum, pear, rice porrige, pig, turkey.

Medium allergenic products: broccoli, potatoes, green pea, pumpkin, peach, banana, lamb, chicken.

The most common food allergens: whole cow's milk, eggs, fish, nuts, soy, wheat, citrus fruits, honey, chocolate, strawberries, tomatoes.

Will my child outgrow the allergy?

Food allergies are most common in children under 2 years of age. For most of them, unwanted reactions to allergenic foods decrease as their immunity strengthens. However, allergies to nuts, fish and seafood can last a lifetime. Give your child this food no earlier than the dates indicated above.

The Gerber brand assortment includes a large number of one-component fruit, vegetable and meat purees, juices and cereals, on the basis of which you can create an individual hypoallergenic diet for your baby.

Doctor medical sciences, head of the department and adolescents at the Morozov Children's City clinical hospital Tatyana Nikolaevna Sorvacheva: "Atopic diseases are on the rise worldwide in last years indicates the need to develop effective preventive measures, starting from the earliest age of the child. The main areas of prevention are currently considered:

long-term natural feeding (at least 6 months) provided that the mother follows a hypoallergenic diet or, if necessary, uses hypoallergenic formulas;
adequate timing of complementary feeding, in particular somewhat later than for healthy children;
the use of specialized hypoallergenic complementary feeding products, in particular monocomponent gluten-free and dairy-free cereals, monocomponent meat, vegetable and fruit purees.”

Discussion

And you can be allergic to zucchini! for anything! and by the way, up to a year it’s not an allergy, it’s a deficiency of enzymes, after a year there may not be any reaction! We gave him pumpkin at 5 months, but then we couldn’t cure him for three months. By the way, the allergist advised me to drink melt water- it removes all the nastiness from the body and allergens too! life hack for you. Just buy any baby water, DO NOT BOIL! We just froze the baby water, then defrosted it and then give it to him.

You cannot accept any article as a 100% recommendation. Working with infants, I observe different opinions on the introduction of complementary foods. Depends on the literacy of the pediatrician and his medical intuition. The maturity of the gastrointestinal tract matters. If there are still functional problems, then careful complementary feeding is necessary to create favorable conditions for ripening.

In my opinion there is too much contrived here. Of the simple and unpretentious words of truth - only about long-term breastfeeding. And then it started - something that always touched me in this general pediatric line of the party: on the one hand, in my opinion, the introduction of complementary feeding is too early (and they didn’t even mention pedagogical feeding here), 5-6 months is already a late introduction for them . Well, well... My son was practically on full breastfeeding until he was 9 months old, but since he was a year old he has been eating with us at the same table and doing fine. And so I’m wondering if this special diet for children up to 3 years of age is the flip side of introducing early complementary feeding: we tore the digestive tract ahead of time, now we’re blowing water. It used to be even cooler - Spock! This is something! “The Child and How to Deal with Him” is the code name. They tried feeding my husband porridge for months, almost from the age of 3 months, and as a result, at 4 months he developed acute dyspepsia, which was barely cured in the hospital. Can this be called a hereditary predisposition, which they are afraid of here, because of which I now have to keep my son on a strict diet? Or, on the contrary, it speaks of endurance :) And another unpleasant moment: often children are discharged from the maternity hospital with an infection - all sorts of stuff, for which they are then treated for a long time. I think this also affects their digestive tract in the future. This is how our medicine works: first we cripple, and then we treat, we treat... :(

Allergy in a child is a disease that many mothers face. Seeing your beloved baby suffer from harmless milk porridge is very difficult. It is necessary to figure out what to feed a child with a food allergy so as not to cause harm.

Allergies occur as a response of the body to certain foods. It most often occurs in infants as they try foods for the first time in their lives. A young body can perceive everything new as an invasion that is dangerous for the body. It is important to competently and timely treatment so that the child can endure this illness as comfortably as possible and “grow” out of it. One of the treatment methods is to create a menu suitable for children with allergies.

Causes and symptoms of food allergies

The causes of allergies can be different:

parental heredity;
diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy;
fetal hypoxia;
improper feeding.

The primary diagnosis can be made by the occurrence of symptoms. Usually the body reacts within 2 hours, but sometimes the effects appear within several days.

The main symptoms are:

various skin rashes;
stool disorder;
colic;
increased gas formation;
congestion respiratory tract;
cough;
nausea, vomiting;
swelling.

Regardless of the cause of the allergic reaction, all mothers have the same question: what should they feed their allergic child? Is it possible to make its menu safe, varied and tasty? Of course you can! There are many recipes that allow you to pamper your beloved child with delicious and useful menus every day. But it’s not enough to just “Google” a recipe and calm down, deciding: “well, now I’ll definitely feed you.”

If your child has allergies, it is important to identify which foods are irritating to your baby. To do this, temporarily remove from your child’s menu all foods that can cause an allergic reaction. Visit an allergist for an appointment and test special analyzes outside the period of exacerbation. And after that, together with a specialist, you can create a diet that is suitable specifically for your case.

Allergenic products

Products that can serve as irritants are divided into 3 groups.

Group 1 - highly allergenic products

eggs;
fish;
meat broths;
seafood;
caviar;
cereals (wheat and rye);
berries with bright colors (strawberries and wild strawberries);
vegetables with bright colors (peppers, carrots and tomatoes);
citrus;
exotic fruits (pineapple, kiwi, melon, persimmon, pomegranate);
cocoa;
nuts;
mushrooms;
chocolate;
coffee.

Group 2 - moderately allergenic products

whole milk;
dairy products;
chicken's meat;
beef;
oats;
buckwheat;
legumes (soybeans, peas, beans);
root vegetables (beets and potatoes);
sugar;
fruits with a dull color (bananas, apricots, peaches);
berries with a dull color (rose hips, lingonberries, cranberries, black currants).

Group 3 low-allergenic products

dairy products;
rabbit meat;
turkey;
horsemeat;
lean pork;
lean lamb;
colored and White cabbage;
broccoli;
zucchini;
squash;
cucumbers;
corn;
millet;
pearl barley;
green varieties of pears and apples;
garden greens;
red and white currant.

You need to understand that the division into groups is quite arbitrary, and allergic reactions are a purely individual matter. A child may not have any problems with food groups 1 and 2, and yet have a strong reaction to turkey meat from the 3 “safe” group.

Popular allergens

Let's look separately at the most popular allergenic products.

Milk

Casein allergies in children are very common. Moreover, this applies not only to cow’s milk, but also to goat’s milk. Most often, children on artificial nutrition encounter it. Breastfed babies are often susceptible to it if the mother eats too many dairy products during the lactation period.

Quite often, a child with a food allergy to milk can safely eat sour milk. When making fermented milk products, hydrolysis occurs and casein is partially broken down into simpler amino acids. However, you should be careful.

Gluten

Some cereal crops contain the plant protein gluten, which ranks second on our list of popular allergens. These include rye and wheat from the first food group.

Accordingly, an allergy to wheat automatically excludes the consumption of flour products, baked goods, pasta dishes and some cereals. An alternative to wheat bread is usually baked goods made from oatmeal and corn flour.

Egg white

It is the protein that causes the high allergenicity of chicken eggs. The eggs of other birds are also at risk, but to a lesser extent.

It is better for a little allergy sufferer to start getting acquainted with quail eggs - they are less dangerous.

Seafood

Marine, River fish, any seafood (including caviar) is also a strong irritant of food allergies.

It is the allergy to fish that has the highest percentage of “survival” and often remains with a person for life.

Nutritional supplements

All kinds of dyes, preservatives, flavors and flavoring additives. They are included in most products. Speaking of children, it is worth paying special attention to yoghurts, juices, carbonated drinks, sauces, and instant cereals.

Food additives are known to be harmful, and it is easier to exclude them from a child’s diet than the natural products listed above. It would be helpful if you limit nutritional supplements and in your diet.

Cross allergy

The concept of “cross allergy” is worth highlighting separately. An important nuance when creating a menu for a child with allergies that should not be overlooked. Products with a similar protein structure can cause allergies, although they themselves are not allergens.

So, with an allergy to cow's milk protein, an aggressive reaction may occur to beef. A wheat allergy causes intolerance to all grains. An allergy to milk can also cause intolerance to cottage cheese, sour cream, cream and butter.

By eliminating direct irritants from the menu and cross reactions, you can speed up the onset of remission. Be sure to study and remember the “twin” allergens for your case.

Food diary

Food allergies are treated primarily with diet therapy. To properly maintain and control it, you need to keep a food diary in which you will record the date, time and quantity of a new product introduced into the menu. And also the presence or absence of an allergic reaction to it (what kind, at what time). A diary will help you not to lose sight of anything, pay attention to little things, and not forget or lose valuable information.

Menu for 1 year of life

Diet varies not only depending on the allergen. Age decides a lot. Breastfed babies are the most protected. But a nursing mother needs to be careful and follow a diet. After all, everything she eats goes into the baby’s stomach along with the milk. You should try a new product in the morning, a little at a time, to see if a reaction occurs. If there is no reaction, then you can include a new product in your diet.

It’s another matter if, for some reason, feeding the baby is based on an artificial formula. The difficult task here is to choose the mixture that best suits you. Study the composition of the porridge and customer reviews. But the most important thing is how the baby reacts. If signs of an allergy appear, change immediately.

The first complementary foods for infants with allergies are introduced a little later than for healthy children. The recommended age for the first complementary feeding is 7 months. Try giving vegetable puree first. The puree should be from one vegetable: broccoli, zucchini, cauliflower. The puree can be homemade (especially good if you use your own vegetables from the garden), or special canned food for children. Start with one or two spoons. It is advisable to do this also in the morning to monitor the food reaction. Don't forget to note what's new in your food diary. If there is no reaction, then gradually increase the dose, bringing it to the full portion.
The second complementary food in the menu of an allergic child is introduced at 8 months. Add dairy-free cereals if you have a milk allergy, or gluten-free cereals if you have a wheat allergy. They are made with water or a special mixture. At home cooking add a small amount of porridge vegetable oil. When choosing ready-made porridge, pay attention to the composition and content of vitamins and minerals.
After 8-9 months, canned meat is introduced into the diet. You can also make them yourself or purchase ready-made ones. As a rule, they start with rabbit meat, as the least allergenic type of meat. Proceed in the same proven way: introducing the supplement gradually, little by little and under close supervision.
You should try fruit purees no earlier than 10 months. It is better to give preference to green apple or pear puree. In general, try to choose fruits that have a dull color. If the apple and pear are well digested without consequences, at 10 months you can try banana and plum puree. Still try to introduce new foods in the first half of the day and a little at a time.
The nutrition of a baby up to one year is based on complementary foods that have already been introduced. A new product can be introduced into an allergy sufferer's menu at 1 year of age. You should abstain from fish products and chicken eggs until you are one year old. The menu for a one-year-old child with allergies can be expanded by introducing fermented milk products. Start with kefir, then you can try cottage cheese and other fermented milk. Try milk porridges, which are acceptable for allergy sufferers aged 1 year.

Diet for children from 1 to 3 years old

After a year, we eat only what did not give any aggressive reactions. Proven fruits and vegetables, gluten-free cereals, non-allergenic meat dishes, dairy products with which the body has managed to make friends.
Age 2-3 years Allergists call it a turning point. It is by this age that, by adhering to competent diet therapy, it is possible to get rid of most food reactions. Therefore, all that remains is to try and hold on.
Crossing the border 3 years old, carefully introduce into the diet of an allergic person foods that previously caused a negative immune response. When comparing the results with your food diary, first choose foods from groups 2 and 3. To be on the safe side, try thermally processed food options, they are less aggressive. For example, not a fresh red apple, but a baked one. Monitor your reaction and remember to consult an allergist. Food allergies are not a death sentence. The result will definitely pay off your efforts.

Menu options

Below are a few examples of dishes for children with allergies, from which you can easily create a menu for the week.

Breakfast

crumbly buckwheat porridge with sugar;
oatmeal porridge with sweet apple;
rice porridge with soy milk;
corn porridge with prunes;
salad of cottage cheese, cucumbers and herbs;
baked sweet apple.

First courses (vegetable broth)

vegetable soup;
zucchini soup;
potato soup;
meatball soup;
lentil soup;
vegetarian borscht

Meat dishes

turkey meatballs with zucchini;
beef patties;
lean pork meatballs with cabbage and rice;
steam cutlets;
minced meat gravy;
meat with vegetables in the oven.

Side dishes

unsweetened cereals;
salads from permitted vegetables (dressing - oil);
vegetable and cereal casseroles;
boiled or stewed potatoes;
vegetable stew.

Dessert

sweet casseroles;
fresh and baked fruits;
oatmeal cookies;
chickpea pancakes;
oat muffins;
oat cookies.

Beverages

green tea;
weak black tea;
berry jelly;
compote;
fruit drink;
still mineral water.

To begin with, use special recipes for children with allergies. Baking without eggs, milk and wheat flour if you have a gluten allergy and a milk protein allergy. Soups without meat broths for meat allergies. Meat dishes prepared for children with allergies should be boiled, stewed or steamed. Before cooking, do not forget to check the composition of the dishes, taking into account the individual needs of the baby.

Recipes for children with allergies

Knowing allergens and cross-reactions well, make a complete delicious menu It’s difficult to avoid allergenic products, but it’s possible. Experienced mothers can immediately transform any recipes and replace them unwanted products to acceptable.