Gingivitis in dogs is one of the most common dental problems in pets. More than 80% of pets are affected by this condition. Problems usually begin after 2 years, when plaque and plaque begins to spread on the teeth.

What are the reasons and how to protect the dog

The main cause of gingivitis is the accumulation of bacterial plaque - plaque on the surface of the teeth. The plaque consists of:

glycoproteins - salivary proteins;
bacteria;
leukocytes - immune cells.

Structure and environment the oral cavity creates favorable conditions for the spread of bacteria on it. As the stone grows, there is an intensive spread of pathogenic pathogens that begin to attack the gums, which leads to the development of local inflammation.

At first, gingivitis in dogs involves a small area of the gum edge just below the tooth. The place blushed softly. As the inflammation progresses, the stone turns into a temporary gum pocket, the gum surface begins to protrude from the teeth. The edges become irregular, dark red. Gums in this condition often bleed, show great pain in the scab. The changes are usually accompanied by bad breath.

Stages of plaque formation and their consequences

Plaque appears in the teeth like a yellowish rash. Plaque is the remains of food, bacteria. Under the influence of saliva, rich in minerals, calcified plaque appears on the teeth in the form of a rough, brownish-yellow tint.

Food rich in minerals promotes the deposition of additional plaque, which also undergoes some mineralization over time. Where the tartar slides under the gums, bacteria become widespread, hence gingivitis and bad smell from mouth. Unusual inflammation in the mouth causes periodontitis and, subsequently, tooth decay. This leads to tooth mobility and, over time, to tooth loss.

Factors contributing to plaque formation:

predisposition of the breed;
personal predisposition such as saliva;
type of food - dry food contributes to the abrasion of plaques;
oral hygiene - regular brushing removes plaque.

Symptoms associated with tartar:

yellow or brown plaque on the teeth;
bad breath;
excessive salivation;
gingivitis in dogs - visible reddened, swollen gums, often bleeding
changes hormonal background.

As the disease progresses, the dog may feel reluctance to eat due to pain in the mouth. A periosteal abscess may also develop - under eyeball there is a bulge that can be perforated, then the abscess is visible from the lesion. Observed general apathy, weakness, fever caused by hypolipins of the pituitary gland in the gums. Another consequence of the disease is loss of teeth, gum ulcers.

Why does gingivitis occur in dogs?

The problem of gingivitis affects more than 80% of animals over the age of 3 years. Several factors influence the development of this condition. One is the age of the dog. The older the dog, the more plaque closes its teeth. As a result, the risk of inflammation increases significantly. The second factor is the construction of the skull and the type of bite.

Miniature dogs and short-legged dogs (bulldogs, pugs) have very crowded teeth - this weakens natural mechanisms self-cleaning teeth. The result is more fast growth stones in these rocks than in other animals. Another factor is the type of food the pet eats, biting habits. Dogs bite everything: dirty sticks, stones, splints, damaging the gums, which become a gateway for pathogenic bacteria.

Treating gum disease in a dog

Gingivitis in dogs is treated by accurately removing plaque from all teeth. Animals should be given antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. It is recommended that oral hygiene be kept as high as possible. To do this, it is advisable to change the habits of the pet so that it does not bite infected objects. It is also important to change the diet to be beneficial for the dental health of the animal. There are a number of dry foods that have been supplemented with ingredients that limit the growth of plaque.

It is recommended that pets have access to leatherette to help brush their teeth. Another option for maintaining oral hygiene is brushing your teeth with an enzymatic toothpaste. However, not every animal can be cleaned daily. To improve the general condition of the animal's teeth, it is necessary to give vitamins (B, C, D).

Pathological changes in the mouth are always accompanied by pain. Despite extended periodontal inflammation in dogs, they feed perfectly at masking pain. If your pet has problems with the mucous membranes of the mouth, gums and teeth, contact your veterinarian who will prescribe additional methods diagnostics.

In order to prevent the appearance of gingivitis in dogs, it is necessary to brush your teeth daily and take your pet to a specialist for a checkup at least once a year. When caring for a dog, you need to pay close attention to the condition of his teeth.

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Inflammation of the gums in animals is in most cases caused by the presence in the body pathological process bacterial etiology... According to veterinarians, such diseases can cause serious damage to the body of tetrapods. This article discusses gingivitis in dogs, the features of therapy and prevention of this ailment.

Gingivitis in dogs: symptoms and treatment

Untimely treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa leads to dangerous diseases... There are many forms painful processes classified by symptoms, clinical presentation and distribution. Such pathologies are fraught with the development of abscesses of internal organs.

Most of all, representatives of small breeds- Pekingese, Yorkshire Terrier., dachshund, cocker spaniel, chihuahua, etc.

Several different diseases are known, which are characterized by the formation of inflammation in oral cavity animals.

Table 1. Diseases accompanied by inflammation of the oral cavity

Periodontitis	Stomatitis
Inflammation of the tissues that hold the tooth in the bone cavity occurs. Common among dogs. It develops gradually. Even a small plaque on the teeth can cause this pathology. During the formation of calculus, inflammation of the gums and their subsequent deformation occurs. In the oral cavity, numerous infectious foci are formed, provoking the onset of the disease. In addition, fungi and a decrease in the body's protective resources can provoke periodontitis.	It is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa. Development primary form mechanical or thermal injury... Secondary arises in the background diabetes mellitus, caries, nephritis, scurvy and

Periodontitis

Stomatitis

Inflammation of the tissues that hold the tooth in the bone cavity occurs. Common among dogs. It develops gradually. Even a small plaque on the teeth can cause this pathology. During the formation of calculus, inflammation of the gums and their subsequent deformation occurs. In the oral cavity, numerous infectious foci are formed, provoking the onset of the disease. In addition, fungi and a decrease in the body's protective resources can provoke periodontitis.

It is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa. Development primary form mechanical or thermal injury... Secondary arises in the background diabetes mellitus, caries, nephritis, scurvy and

Gingivitis, a common pathology among four-legged friends, complements this list.

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that manifests itself through redness, swelling, and bleeding. Sometimes it is not an independent disease, but one of the symptoms of periodontitis.

Pathology occurs due to many factors, ranging from injuries to the oral mucosa and ending with autoimmune diseases.

There are several types of gum disease:

chronic and acute;
catarrhal;
massive and local;
purulent;
hypertrophic.

Some experts point out necrotic appearance gingivitis.

The danger of the disease lies in its lightning-fast development. Any disease of the mouth immediately leads to loss of appetite and subsequent exhaustion. The body lacks useful elements and protein, which provokes malfunctions immune system... Infections can easily penetrate the tissues and lead to tooth loss. When microbes enter the digestive tract, dysfunction of the digestive system is noted.

The reasons for the development of the disease

Among the many provoking factors, in the first place are the neglected state of the oral cavity and the presence of hard formations on the teeth.

Table 2. Reasons for the development of gingivitis

Provoking factor	Description
Dental calculus	This formation causes the dog severe discomfort... It irritates the gum tissue and affects the development of inflammation. As a result, gingivitis, periodontitis, abscesses and fistulas occur.
Eating bones	When broken by canines, the bones disintegrate into small sharp pieces and injure the oral cavity. Food debris gets into the wounds and causes inflammation
Tissue damage	Too large granulated feed particles fed miniature pets, bad habit feasting on inedible objects contribute to mucosal damage
Infectious processes	Uncontrolled inflammatory foci can spread to the oral mucosa
Pet age	At risk are older dogs, which often have tissue overgrowth and numerous neoplasms located in the mucous membrane
Unbalanced diet	Lack of B vitamins and amino acids is fraught with impaired vascular permeability. This process lowers the body's protective barrier. In addition, feeding the animal with soft industrial feed contributes to the formation of plaque and softening of the gums, provoked by the lack of hard food in the diet. These factors contribute to the development inflammatory process
Lack of ascorbic acid	This antioxidant in normal work the body is synthesized independently. But if there is infectious pathologies or helminthic invasions its production decreases. The result is gingivitis.
Diseases	For renal, hepatic pathologies and diabetes mellitus, the development of inflammation in the oral mucosa is characteristic. This is due to a violation of tissue trophism that occurs with these ailments.
Autoimmune disruptions	Pathologies are fraught with gum disease. The provoking factor is the antibodies produced in relation to healthy cells of the mucous membrane
Change of milk teeth	The load that falls on the body during this process leads to a decrease protective functions organism. As a result, harmful microorganisms invade the gums and cause gingivitis.

Allergic reactions can contribute to the manifestation of the disease, taking medications and hormonal disruptions. However, in most cases, pathology occurs due to improper care behind the pet's mouth.

Symptoms of gingivitis

It is possible to detect inflammation of the gum mucosa in a dog by the following signs:

Loss of appetite. The pet eats its favorite dishes without pleasure. The amount of food consumed is significantly reduced, as a result of which the animal's body weight decreases. V neglected form the disease develops anorexia.
Excessive salivation. This symptom is weakly manifested in representatives of breeds, which are characterized by a pronounced folding of the wings.
Closed Behavior. The dog will not allow the owner to inspect the mouth and will show dissatisfaction with any inspection attempts.
Repulsive smell. When soft tissues are damaged, putrefactive processes are activated, which contributes to the appearance of unpleasant breathing in the pet.
Redness of the gums. Small ulcers, swelling, and bleeding are sometimes noted.

In advanced situations, when probing, purulent contents exit from the gums.

Diagnosis of gingivitis

When making a diagnosis, the veterinarian uses the following methods:

collection of anamnesis;
examination of the oral mucosa;
X-ray examination;
collection of affected tissues for histological analysis.

For extensive lesions, the doctor should do a biopsy in mandatory... Similar symptoms may indicate plague or leptospirosis. Also, gingivitis can be easily confused with hyperplasia, which is characterized by tissue overgrowth. The symptoms of this pathology are similar in terms of swelling and swelling of the gums. Periodontitis also has a similar clinical picture.

Gingivitis treatment

The main therapeutic measures consist in a competent approach to filling the diet and taking medications.

In the clinic

In advanced cases, the doctor resorts to an operative solution to the problem:

If the pathology has arisen as a result of the formation of dental calculus, the specialist makes the animal ultrasonic cleaning... This procedure clears tooth enamel from plaque and stones. In private clinics, this manipulation is carried out with the immersion of the pet in artificial sleep.
If the disease provoked rotting of the roots, the damaged tooth is removed.
With necrotic processes in the tissues under general anesthesia resection of the injured gum area.
Drug therapy:

for the treatment of the affected areas, the following solutions are used - "Chlorhexidine", "Furacilin", "Sanguirithrin";
for bleeding gums - "Heparin ointment" and gel "Metrodent".

In advanced situations, the pet is prescribed. For the effectiveness of such a measure, the veterinarian carries out bacteriological examination injured tissues and reveals the sensitivity of pathogens to certain drugs.

Electrophoresis has been successfully used to treat gingivitis. In some cases four-legged friend recommend gum massage.

At home

For processing injured areas the use of both antiseptics and herbal remedies is permissible. The anti-inflammatory effect is inherent in tinctures based on pharmacy chamomile and calendula.

In addition, it is useful to give your pet vitamins, mineral supplements, calcium-containing drugs and immunomodulators - "Fosprenil" and

As supportive therapy, you can use homeopathic remedies... According to breeders, one of the most effective drugs is "Liarsin".

Health food

When treating gingivitis, the animal should be transferred to a sparing type of diet. The owner must comply with a number of conditions:

Feed your pet extremely warm and liquid food. This will help prevent injury to your gums.
Brush your dog's mouth after every meal.
Provide the animal with a diet focused on soft, high-protein feed and dairy products.

You should also reduce the amount of carbohydrates and pellets consumed.

Raw beef is beneficial in treating gingivitis

Disease prevention

Dentists advise owners of four-legged pets to observe the following rules to prevent the appearance of pathology:

Periodically brush the teeth of the animal. It is advisable to start this activity from an early age.
Feed exclusively high premium or holistic food.
Stop inflammatory processes in advance.
Balance the diet in terms of protein, mineral and vitamin components.
Avoid overeating soft foods.
To remove plaque, give your dog carrots and tendon bones.
Do ultrasonic cleaning regularly to remove hard formations on the teeth.
Do not allow your pet to gnaw bones.

Gingivitis manifests itself mainly against the background of dental problems. To avoid such complications, it is necessary to periodically inspect the mouth on your own and show the animal to the veterinarian at least once every 6 months.

Video - How to properly brush your dog's teeth at home?

Inflammation of the gums in animals in most cases is caused by the presence in the body of a pathological process of bacterial etiology. According to veterinarians, such diseases can cause serious damage to the body of tetrapods. This article discusses gingivitis in dogs, the features of therapy and prevention of this ailment.

Gingivitis in dogs: symptoms and treatment

Untimely treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa leads to dangerous diseases. There are many forms of disease processes, classified according to symptoms, clinical presentation and distribution. Such pathologies are fraught with the development of abscesses of internal organs.

Representatives of small breeds are most susceptible to such diseases - Pekingese, Yorkshire Terrier, Dachshund, Cocker Spaniel, Chihuahua, etc.

Several different diseases are known, which are characterized by the formation of inflammation in the oral cavity of animals.

Table 1. Diseases accompanied by inflammation of the oral cavity

Periodontitis	Stomatitis
Inflammation of the tissues that hold the tooth in the bone cavity occurs. Common among dogs. It develops gradually. Even a small plaque on the teeth can cause this pathology. During the formation of calculus, inflammation of the gums and their subsequent deformation occurs. In the oral cavity, numerous infectious foci are formed, provoking the onset of the disease. In addition, fungi and a decrease in the body's protective resources can provoke periodontitis.	It is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa. The development of the primary form is facilitated by mechanical or thermal injuries. Secondary occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus, caries, nephritis, scurvy and

Periodontitis

Stomatitis

It is characterized by inflammation of the oral mucosa. The development of the primary form is facilitated by mechanical or thermal injuries. Secondary occurs against the background of diabetes mellitus, caries, nephritis, scurvy and

Gingivitis, a common pathology among four-legged friends, complements this list.

Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that manifests itself through redness, swelling, and bleeding. Sometimes it is not an independent disease, but one of the symptoms of periodontitis.

Pathology occurs due to many factors, ranging from injuries to the oral mucosa and ending with autoimmune diseases.

There are several types of gum disease:

chronic and acute;
catarrhal;
massive and local;
purulent;
hypertrophic.

Some experts identify a necrotic type of gingivitis.

The danger of the disease lies in its lightning-fast development. Any disease of the mouth immediately leads to loss of appetite and subsequent exhaustion. The body lacks useful elements and protein, which provokes malfunctions of the immune system. Infections can easily penetrate the tissues and lead to tooth loss. When microbes enter the digestive tract, dysfunction of the digestive system is noted.

The reasons for the development of the disease

Among the many provoking factors, in the first place are the neglected state of the oral cavity and the presence of hard formations on the teeth.

Table 2. Reasons for the development of gingivitis

Provoking factor	Description
Dental calculus	This formation causes great discomfort to the dog. It irritates the gum tissue and affects the development of inflammation. As a result, gingivitis, periodontitis, abscesses and fistulas occur.
Eating bones	When broken by canines, the bones disintegrate into small sharp pieces and injure the oral cavity. Food debris gets into the wounds and causes inflammation
Tissue damage	Too large particles of pelleted food fed to miniature pets, a bad habit of feasting on inedible objects contribute to mucosal damage
Infectious processes	Uncontrolled inflammatory foci can spread to the oral mucosa
Pet age	At risk are older dogs, which often have tissue overgrowth and numerous neoplasms located in the mucous membrane
Unbalanced diet	Lack of B vitamins and amino acids is fraught with impaired vascular permeability. This process lowers the body's protective barrier. In addition, feeding the animal with soft industrial feed contributes to the formation of plaque and softening of the gums, provoked by the lack of hard food in the diet. These factors contribute to the development of the inflammatory process.
Lack of ascorbic acid	This antioxidant is synthesized independently during normal body functioning. But in the presence of infectious pathologies or helminthic invasions, its production decreases. The result is gingivitis.
Diseases	For renal, hepatic pathologies and diabetes mellitus, the development of inflammation in the oral mucosa is characteristic. This is due to a violation of tissue trophism that occurs with these ailments.
Autoimmune disruptions	Pathologies are fraught with gum disease. The provoking factor is the antibodies produced in relation to healthy cells of the mucous membrane
Change of milk teeth	The load that falls on the body during this process leads to a decrease in the protective functions of the body. As a result, harmful microorganisms invade the gums and cause gingivitis.

Allergic reactions, medication and hormonal disruptions can contribute to the manifestation of the disease. However, in most cases, pathology occurs due to improper care of the pet's oral cavity.

Symptoms of gingivitis

It is possible to detect inflammation of the gum mucosa in a dog by the following signs:

Loss of appetite. The pet eats its favorite dishes without pleasure. The amount of food consumed is significantly reduced, as a result of which the animal's body weight decreases. In the advanced form of the disease, anorexia develops.
Excessive salivation. This symptom is weakly manifested in representatives of breeds, which are characterized by a pronounced folding of the wings.
Closed Behavior. The dog will not allow the owner to inspect the mouth and will show dissatisfaction with any inspection attempts.
Repulsive smell. When soft tissues are damaged, putrefactive processes are activated, which contributes to the appearance of unpleasant breathing in the pet.
Redness of the gums. Small ulcers, swelling, and bleeding are sometimes noted.

In advanced situations, when probing, purulent contents exit from the gums.

Diagnosis of gingivitis

When making a diagnosis, the veterinarian uses the following methods:

collection of anamnesis;
examination of the oral mucosa;
X-ray examination;
collection of affected tissues for histological analysis.

With extensive lesions, the doctor should do a biopsy without fail. Similar symptoms may indicate plague or leptospirosis. Also, gingivitis can be easily confused with hyperplasia, which is characterized by tissue overgrowth. The symptoms of this pathology are similar in terms of swelling and swelling of the gums. Periodontitis also has a similar clinical picture.

Gingivitis treatment

The main therapeutic measures are a competent approach to filling the diet and taking medications.

In the clinic

In advanced cases, the doctor resorts to an operative solution to the problem:

If the pathology has arisen as a result of the formation of tartar, the specialist makes the animal ultrasonic cleaning. With this procedure, it is possible to clean the tooth enamel from plaque and stones. In private clinics, this manipulation is carried out with the immersion of the pet in artificial sleep.
If the disease provoked rotting of the roots, the damaged tooth is removed.
In case of necrotic processes in the tissues under general anesthesia, the injured gum area is resected.
Drug therapy:

for the treatment of the affected areas, the following solutions are used - "Chlorhexidine", "Furacilin", "Sanguirithrin";
for bleeding gums - "Heparin ointment" and gel "Metrodent".

In advanced situations, the pet is prescribed. For the effectiveness of such a measure, the veterinarian carries out a bacteriological examination of injured tissues and reveals the sensitivity of pathogens to certain drugs.

Electrophoresis has been successfully used to treat gingivitis. In some cases, a gum massage is recommended for a four-legged friend.

At home

For the treatment of injured areas, it is permissible to use both antiseptics and herbal remedies. The anti-inflammatory effect is inherent in tinctures based on pharmacy chamomile and calendula.

In addition, it is useful to give your pet vitamins, mineral supplements, calcium-containing drugs and immunomodulators - "Fosprenil" and

Homeopathic remedies can be used as maintenance therapy. According to breeders, Liarsin is one of the most effective drugs.

Health food

When treating gingivitis, the animal should be transferred to a sparing type of diet. The owner must comply with a number of conditions:

Feed your pet extremely warm and liquid food. This will help prevent injury to your gums.
Brush your dog's mouth after every meal.
Provide the animal with a diet focused on soft, high-protein feed and dairy products.

You should also reduce the amount of carbohydrates and pellets consumed.

Raw beef is beneficial in treating gingivitis

Disease prevention

Dentists advise owners of four-legged pets to observe the following rules to prevent the appearance of pathology:

Periodically brush the teeth of the animal. It is advisable to start this activity from an early age.
Feed exclusively high premium or holistic food.
Stop inflammatory processes in advance.
Balance the diet in terms of protein, mineral and vitamin components.
Avoid overeating soft foods.
To remove plaque, give your dog carrots and tendon bones.
Do ultrasonic cleaning regularly to remove hard formations on the teeth.
Do not allow your pet to gnaw bones.

Video - How to properly brush your dog's teeth at home?

WOLMAR

FOR DOGS

Gingivitis in dogs - poor hygienic care of the dog's mouth, dental plaque, carious damage, mechanical trauma to the teeth

Gingivitis in dogs is characterized by an inflammatory process that affects the gums. Both local and general factors are involved in its development. The course of gingivitis in dogs can be acute or chronic.Gingivitis reasons: Acute gingivitis is usually caused by traumatic injury animal gums, bacterial infection, allergic reaction etc.Chronic gingivitis in dogs can result from following reasons:

1. Pathology of the cardiovascular apparatus, gastrointestinal tract etc.

2. Hormonal disorders.
3. Conditions accompanied by immunodeficiency.
4. The use of certain medications.

Dogs mostly experience catarrhal or hypertrophic gingivitis. The cause of the catarrhal (serous) variant of the disease is considered to be poor hygienic care for the dog's mouth, dental deposits, carious damage, mechanical trauma to the teeth. It is worth noting that the main factor in the formation of serous gingivitis is the presence of plaque or tartar. The occurrence of hypertrophic gingivitis is associated with prolonged exposure to the gums common factors... We are talking, for example, about a change in the hormonal background of a dog (estrus in bitches).Catarrhal gingivitis in dogs is characterized by redness and swelling of the gums. In some cases, feeling the inflamed gums leads to bleeding. In the first time after the appearance of gingivitis, the absence of pronounced disorders of the animal's condition is characteristic. A longer course of pathology is accompanied by a weakened intake of food, especially in, increased salivation, etc. Examination of the affected gums helps to detect enlarged interdental papillae with a bluish tint and a shiny surface.The localization of hypertrophic gingivitis in dogs is most often incisors, canines and molars. This disease is characterized by overgrowth of the gums. This leads to an increase in the possibility of their injury. With a long course of this pathology, the appearance of ulcerative gingivitis may occur.Diseases and recommendations for beagle

Diagnostics gingivitis in dogs

The diagnosis of gingivitis in dogs is based on clinical and complementary research methods. As the main clinical method examination of the dog's oral cavity is performed. With its help, an assessment is made of the condition of the teeth, mucous membranes, etc.To determine the presence and prevalence of the inflammatory process, it is recommended to conduct the Schiller-Pisarev test. It consists in lubricating the gums special solution... In the presence of gingivitis, the gum after staining acquires Brown color... To confirm diagnosis of gingivitis X-ray control is shown to avoid deafness in a dog.

Treatment gingivitis of dogs

First of all, treatment of diseases that have led to gum inflammation in dogs is indicated. Also fighting gingivitis consists in a local effect on the gums and holding general treatment. As a local treatment, irritating and traumatic factors are eliminated. We are talking about the removal of calculus, selective grinding of teeth, etc. Before carrying out various manipulations, the dog's mouth is subject to treatment with hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, furacilin, etc.Heparin is used to eliminate increased bleeding. This drug can be used as an ointment or solution. As auxiliary treatment gingivitis in dogs, physiotherapeutic treatment is used (gum massage, electrophoresis of heparin solution, etc.). To strengthen the general condition of the animal's body, vitamins (C, PP, B) are used.

It is characterized by inflammation of the gums, caused by the adverse effects of both local and general factors, and proceeds without violating the integrity of the epithelial attachment, that is, without the formation of periodontal pockets. Downstream, gingivitis can be acute or chronic.

Acute gingivitis occurs due to mechanical, bacterial, allergic or other effects.

Chronic gingivitis occurs due to a disease internal systems the body of an animal, such as cardiovascular, digestive, or with hormonal disorders, diseases of the blood system, immunodeficiency states, as well as when taking medications.

In terms of prevalence in the oral cavity in dogs, gingivitis can be localized (in a separate part of the gum) or generalized (throughout the gum).

In dogs, catarrhal (serous) and hypertrophic gingivitis are mainly found.

Catarrhal gingivitis develops due to local impacts: dental plaque, caries, mechanical injuries teeth bad hygiene care behind the oral cavity of an animal, trauma to the gums, etc. In this case, the leading role in the pathogenesis belongs to various dental deposits (from dental plaque to various types of dental calculus).

Hypertrophic gingivitis usually occurs with prolonged exposure various factors on the gums not only of a local nature, but also of a general one. In the etiology of generalized hypertrophic gingivitis, changes in the hormonal background of the animal's body are decisive (gingivitis in females during or after estrus). Hypertrophic gingivitis has edematous and fibrous forms.

Clinical signs. With catarrhal gingivitis, the dog has redness and swelling of the gums. On palpation of an inflamed gum, it may bleed.

On the first day of the development of gingivitis, the animal does not show any serious deviations in general condition... With a longer course of the disease, weakened feed intake, halitosis are noted, the animal avoids examining the mouth.

An objective examination of the gums of a sick dog determines a significant increase in the volume of the interdental papillae and gingival margin, which have a bluish tint and a shiny surface. At instrumental examination an abundance of soft plaque with food particles, the formation of pseudopathological periodontal pockets with an abundant content of detritus are recorded.

Hypertrophic gingivitis is more often localized in the area of incisors, canines and molars. Gums grow along or above the teeth, making them more prone to injury than healthy gums.

Under the enlarged gums, there is a large number of sediments with the obligatory presence of feed particles.

The prolonged course of hypertrophic gingivitis leads to its fibrous form and / or ulcerative gingivitis.

Clinical picture the fibrous form is poor in symptoms and is characterized by an overgrown mucous membrane of the gums, while the gingival papillae are not changed in color, do not bleed, the gingival margin has a non-shiny, bumpy surface.

In addition, there is a proliferation of the epithelium deep into connective tissue(acanthosis), fibroblast proliferation, an increase in collagen fibers, rare foci of inflammatory infiltration. Most often registered with collies, large breeds and old dogs. Ulcerative gingivitis occurs in the form of ulceration of the gingival mucosa on the gums.

Diagnosis is put according to the data of the main (clinical) and additional (paraclinical) research methods. Basic methods include a history and examination of the dog's mouth.

Great importance has a direct examination of the oral cavity: the condition of the teeth and the entire mucous membrane; the condition of the gingival margin (color, consistency, exudate, atrophy or hypertrophy, ulceration, fistulas, abscesses, prevalence in the cavity, the presence of periodontal pockets), the presence of tartar and plaque. The depth of the gingival pockets is determined by a special graduated probe from four surfaces of the tooth, the nature and amount of exudate are determined visually. Tooth mobility is detected with tweezers, and the degree of pulp involvement in general process using electrodontometry. From special research methods, you can use the Schiller-Pisarev test and X-ray control. Schiller-Pisarev test - lifetime staining of gingival glycogen, the amount of which increases with inflammation. This test allows you to determine the presence and extent of inflammation. Intense brown staining of the gums after lubrication with a Schiller-Pisarev solution (crystalline iodine - 1 g, potassium iodide - 2 g, distilled water - 40 ml) indicates inflammation. This test is also an objective test of the anti-inflammatory therapy being carried out.

It is advisable to carry out X-ray control using the most informative research methods (panoramic X-ray and orthopantomography)

Treatment It is advisable to carry out the dogs according to the principle of the maximum individual approach to the animal, taking into account the data of the general and dental status. When gingivitis is caused by diseases of various body systems, treatment of these systems is necessary. Treatment of gingivitis involves the impact on the pathological focus in the periodontium and the body of the animal as a whole, therefore it is conventionally divided into local and general.

Local treatment It is also complex and necessarily includes the elimination of irritating and traumatic factors that traumatize the periodontal (removal of dental plaque, selective grinding of the occlusive surfaces of the teeth, etc.). Before and after various manipulations in the dog's oral cavity, the surface of its mouth is processed antiseptic solutions(3% hydrogen peroxide solution, 0.06% chlorhexidine solution, furacilin 1: 5000, potassium permanganate 1: 1000, etc.).

Treatment catarrhal gingivitis provides for the use of anti-edematous agents, such as polymenerol, maraslavin, 3% copper sulfate solution, followed by treatment of the gums with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Prescribe keratoplastic preparations in the form of applications (sea buckthorn and rosehip oils, karatolin, phytodent).

Enzyme inhibitors are used as a means of pathogenetic therapy. Heparin (hyaluronidase inhibitor) - a drug that normalizes vascular tissue permeability - is used in the form of a solution for electrophoresis or as an ointment for applications. Trasilol and counterkal (protease inhibitors of tissue origin) are used for applications and electrophoresis (the bottle is diluted in 10 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution or 1% solution of novocaine). Treatment of edematous hypertrophic gingivitis is carried out with the use of sclerotherapy surfaces (3% solution of copper sulfate, potassium iodide, maraslovin, etc.). Good effect gives deep sclerotization - injections into the apex of the gingival papillae of sclerosing substances (40% glucose solution, 10% hydrogen peroxide solution).

This procedure also possible with a needleless injector. At fibrous form For hypertrophic gingivitis, lidase can be injected into the interdental papillae, 0.1–0.2 ml (the contents of the ampoule are diluted in 1–1.5 ml of 0.5% novocaine solution), or surgical excision of the hypertrophied gums can be performed.

From physiotherapy methods are used different kinds massage, heparin electrophoresis, point diathermocoagulation of the gingival papillae. It should not be forgotten that physiotherapy methods play an auxiliary role in the treatment of this disease.

Vitamins are prescribed for the general treatment of all forms of gingivitis. Their course of application is about 1 month. At hemorrhagic symptom prescribe vitamin C, for the inhibitory effect of hyaluronidase - vitamin P, with concomitant diseases liver and gastrointestinal tract - vitamin PP. Among other things, vitamins of group B.

Prescribe desensitizing and anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with hormones. Good treatment results with different forms gingivitis gives biogenic stimulation.

Biogenic stimulants of plant and animal origin are used: aloe extract, FiBS, vitreous or placental body, etc. It should be remembered that these drugs should not be used during animal pregnancy, oncological diseases and during estrus. Vaccine therapy can be used. It is carried out using the preparation of autovaccines of the microflora of the periodontal pockets.

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