A systematic and intense cough can provoke the development of pulmonary emphysema, hypertension in the pulmonary circulation and cause an increase in intrathoracic pressure. Get rid of frequent cough help medications, suppressing the cough reflex.
The most popular cough medicines
The most popular non-narcotic cough medications are the following types medications:
- Glaucine.
- Libexin.
- Oxeladin (Tusuprex).
- Falimint.
Each of them has its own characteristics that must be taken into account when treating an obsessive and intense cough.
Glaucine
Glaucine is a drug from the alkaloid group. When taken, the spasm of the bronchial muscles weakens and the nervous system calms down. Glaucine is usually prescribed for acute bronchitis, pharyngitis, and whooping cough. The medicine is available both in the form of tablets and dragees, and in the form of syrup.
Libexin
Libexin is synthetic agent against cough Its effects occur both peripherally and centrally. When taking Libexin, the activity of the cough reflex is suppressed, spasms in the bronchi are eliminated, and pulmonary tension receptors are blocked. The antitussive effect of Libexin can be compared with the effect of Codeine, with the difference that the former is not addictive and does not have a depressant effect on the respiratory system. The effect of this drug lasts 3-4 hours. Libexin tablets are not chewed.
Oxeladin (Tusuprex)
This anti-cough drug is available in tablets, capsules (for adults only), and also in the form of syrup. The medicine reduces the sensitivity of the cough center to impulses supplied by cough receptors, as a result, attacks are blocked. The drug is effective for dry reflex spasm, acute bronchitis, tracheitis.
Falimint
Falimint is available in the form of lozenges; it has pronounced antitussive and analgesic properties.
In addition to the above drugs, there are drugs that block cough attacks and have a narcotic effect (Codeine, Codipront, Demorphan, etc.).
For which coughs is it advisable to take stopping medications?
Medicines that block involuntary movements of the diaphragm should be taken only in the absence of sputum, but if attacks are accompanied by copious mucus secretion, similar drugs are strictly contraindicated, since, by retaining mucus in the lungs and bronchi, they can cause a relapse of the disease and lead to quite serious consequences.
The correct choice of antitussive therapy is always based on a good knowledge of the mechanisms of action of drugs with an antitussive effect, which is the prerogative of the doctor.Cough(tussis) – This is a reflex act aimed at cleansing respiratory tract from sputum or foreign particles.
Considering that cough is one of the manifestations, often the only one, of any disease or pathological condition attempts to eliminate this symptom without explanation its reasons are certainly wrong. When establishing the nature of a cough, it is first necessary to carry out etiotropic or pathogenetic treatment of the underlying disease. In parallel, symptomatic cough therapy can be carried out, which is either antitussive, that is, prevents, controls and suppresses cough, or expectorant (procough), that is, providing greater cough effectiveness.
General principles of cough treatment:
Cough treatment should begin by eliminating its cause
it is necessary to determine whether the cough is dry or wet
an individual approach to cough therapy taking into account the diagnosis, clinical manifestations diseases, individual characteristics of the patient and the properties of the prescribed drugs
Antitussive therapy is indicated in cases where coughing does not clear the airways.. In this case, we can talk about specific antitussive therapy, which is essentially etiotropic or pathogenetic (for example, quitting smoking, eliminating the causes of postnasal drip). Nonspecific antitussive therapy is rather symptomatic, and it has a limited place due to the high probability of identifying the cause of cough and prescribing targeted treatment.
The decision to prescribe antitussive drugs must be justified by the presence of a painful cough that causes significant physical and psychological discomfort in the patient, depriving him of sleep. The choice of an antitussive drug should be made individually, taking into account the mechanism of action, antitussive activity of the drug, the risk of side effects, the presence of concomitant pathologies, and possible contraindications.
Causes of cough
Acute cough:
aspiration - entry into the respiratory tract foreign objects;
inhalation of irritants(house and library dust, chemical products, powders)
ARVI is the most common reason acute cough, which is accompanied by nasal congestion and discharge, pain or a sore throat, general malaise. After an acute respiratory viral infection, a cough may persist for several weeks.
acute bronchitis– begins with a rise in temperature and is manifested by a cough with mucous sputum
whooping cough is a painful, non-productive cough in children and some adults;
pneumonia – begins acutely with an increase in temperature and is manifested by general weakness, malaise, headache
pleurisy – associated with pain in the side, which intensifies with deep breathing
Chronic cough:
Lung cancer - painful cough, pain in chest, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, weight loss
Chronical bronchitis– prolonged productive cough
bronchial asthma
– unproductive cough with the release of a small amount of mucous, viscous sputum
left ventricular failure, which occurs against the background of coronary artery disease or heart defects - a cough is accompanied by the discharge of mucous sputum, often mixed with blood. It is necessary to pay attention to the presence of other signs of heart failure: shortness of breath, swelling, weakness
gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) - one of the symptoms is a cough without sputum production. Often the patient feels pain and a burning sensation behind the sternum or in the epigastric region, heartburn at night and in the morning
mental disorders
- cough occurs in stressful situations(for example, when speaking in front of a large audience
taking some medicines
– taking ACE inhibitors, -blockers, cytostatics can provoke coughing. The cough usually disappears after stopping the medications
TREATMENT OF DRY COUGH
Antitussives are used to treat dry cough.
Such drugs suppress the cough center in medulla oblongata or reduce the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract to irritants:
drugs that suppress the cough center– products containing codeine, dectromethorphan, paxeladin, tusuprex, butamirate
drugs that reduce the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract to irritants- libexin
Centrally acting antitussives (narcotics)
Centrally acting antitussives suppress the function of the cough center of the medulla oblongata. The most famous drug in this group is codeine, a natural narcotic analgesic from the group of opiate receptor agonists.
Methylmorphine (codeine) Markedly reduces the excitability of the cough center. It provides a duration of blockade of the cough reflex for 4-6 hours. Currently, codeine is used infrequently and is used in short courses due to its ability to depress respiratory center, which leads to reduced ventilation. May cause drowsiness and constipation. With long-term use it can cause addiction and drug dependence. Contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years of age. It is not recommended to combine with alcohol, sleeping pills, analgesics, or psychotropic drugs.
Directions for use and doses Orally, for adults for pain - 15-60 mg every 3-6 hours, for diarrhea - 30 mg 4 times a day, for cough - 10-20 mg 4 times a day; for children, these doses are respectively 0.5 mg/kg 4–6 times a day, 0.5 mg/kg 4 times a day and 3–10 mg/kg 4–6 times a day. IM is administered in the same doses as for enteral administration. The highest daily dose is 120 mg.
Dextromethorphan A synthetic analogue of codeine, not inferior to it in antitussive activity. The ability to depress the respiratory center, cause constipation, and addiction is much less than that of codeine. Contraindicated during pregnancy and children under 2 years of age. Cannot be combined with alcohol, sleeping pills, analgesics, psychotropic drugs (severe depression of the central nervous system, respiration), amiodarone (increased toxicity).
Currently, new antitussives that are free from these disadvantages are more often used (they do not cause constipation, addiction or addiction, do not depress breathing, do not affect intestinal motility), the so-called non-narcotic antitussives. These include glaucine, which has a selective central effect.
Centrally acting antitussives (non-narcotic)
They inhibit sensitive receptors and tension receptors of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and partially suppress the central part of the cough reflex without inhibiting the respiratory center. It should be noted that oxeladine and butamirate, in addition to the antitussive effect, are characterized by bronchodilator action. Butamirate also exhibits secretolytic and anti-inflammatory effects. Antitussive group non-narcotic drugs central action is also indicated for cough associated with irritation of the mucous membranes of the upper (supraglottic) respiratory tract, irritation of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and oropharynx, due to infectious or irritative inflammation.
Oxeladin (Tusuprex, Paxeladin) A synthetic antitussive agent that selectively acts on the cough center. When used, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness are rarely possible.
Directions for use and doses Inside. Adults - 1 capsule. 2–3 times or 2–5 measuring spoons per day, for children (syrup only) - 1 measuring spoon of syrup per 10 kg of body weight per day; children under 4 years old - 1-2, from 4 to 15 - 2-3 scoops per day.
Butamirate An antitussive agent that selectively acts on the cough center. Has a moderate expectorant and anti-inflammatory effect, reduces airway resistance, improves function indicators external respiration. Take before meals. In rare cases, nausea, diarrhea, and dizziness may occur during use. Not recommended in the first trimester, during lactation. Children over 3 years old can be prescribed syrup, over 12 years old - tablets.
Directions for use and doses Inside, the dose is determined depending on age.
Antitussives peripheral action(non-narcotic)
Peripheral agents are also used to suppress cough. These include tablets for resorption in the mouth or syrups and teas containing plant extracts of eucalyptus, acacia, licorice, wild cherry, linden, etc., glycerin, honey, which have an enveloping effect and create a protective layer on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract ( mainly in the upper sections).
Prenoxdiazine (Libexin) Synthetic antitussive drug of combined action. Slightly inhibits the cough center without depressing breathing. It has a local anesthetic, direct antispasmodic effect, reduces the excitability of peripheral receptors, and prevents the development of bronchospasm. The tablets should be swallowed without chewing (otherwise numbness and insensitivity of the oral mucosa may occur). During pregnancy, it should be prescribed with extreme caution.
Directions for use and doses Orally, without chewing (to avoid numbness of the oral mucosa), 3–4 times a day: adults - usually 100 mg (in severe cases- 200 mg each), for children - depending on age and body weight, usually 25–50 mg. In preparation for bronchoscopy: 1 hour before the study - 0.9–3.8 mg/kg, in combination with 0.5–1 mg of atropine.
TREATMENT OF WET COUGH
If there is viscous sputum, it can be recommended to the patient drinking plenty of fluids, including herbal medicines. Are used herbal remedies, having anti-inflammatory, enveloping, expectorant, bronchodilator effects, reducing irritation of the bronchial mucosa, increasing the cough threshold. In the absence of contraindications, for example, vasomotor rhinitis, water vapor inhalations are also used, alone or with the addition of sodium chloride or benzoate, sodium bicarbonate - soda, ammonium chloride, plant extracts. This promotes hydration of the mucous membrane, has mild analgesic and anesthetic effects, reduces reflex stimulation of the cough center, improves the rheological properties of secretions and relaxes the smooth muscles of the bronchi.
Along with this, drugs such as thermopsis and ipecac enhance gag and cough reflexes, so in children of the first months of life and in patients with central lesions nervous system they should not be used: they may cause aspiration, asphyxia, atelectasis, or increase vomiting associated with coughing.
Expectorants
The mechanism of action of expectorants is based on reducing the viscosity of mucus by increasing its volume and, as a consequence, removing bronchial secretions from the respiratory tract. Most of them actively increase mucus secretion due to reflex irritation of the glands of the bronchial mucosa. Iodides, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, essential oils have a direct secretomotor and secretolytic effect, stimulating proteolysis and hydrolysis of sputum.
Among the expectorants there are:
reflex acting drugs- thermopsis, marshmallow, licorice, terpinhydrate, essential oils - when taken orally they have irritant effect on stomach receptors and reflexively enhance secretion salivary glands and mucous glands of the bronchi
resorptive drugs- sodium and potassium iodide, ammonium chloride, sodium bicarbonate - are absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract, secreted by the bronchial mucosa and increase bronchial secretion, thus thinning mucus and facilitating expectoration
Mucoregulatory agents
Carbocisteine is active only when taken orally. Carbocysteine, unlike acetylcysteine, bromhexine and ambroxol, has a mucoregulatory effect, reducing the synthesis of neutral mucins and increasing the production of acidic mucins. It also helps to increase the synthesis of IgA by epithelial cells and, by significantly reducing the number of goblet cells, especially in the terminal sections of the bronchioles, reduces mucus production, therefore carbocisteine is not recommended to be combined with drugs that reduce the secretion of bronchial mucus, with scanty sputum production, as well as with a tendency to constipation . Carbocysteine restores normal viscosity and elasticity of mucus, promoting its elimination, and also reduces sputum secretion. Clinical and pharmacological properties are similar to acetylcysteine. Thins mucus by breaking disulfide bonds in glycosaminoglycans. Inhibits the local effects of inflammatory mediators. Promotes the penetration of antibiotics into bronchial secretions.
Directions for use and doses Inside. Adults - 2 caps. or 15 ml (3 teaspoons) of 5% syrup 3 times a day; after improvement - 1 caps. or 10 ml (2 teaspoons) 5% syrup 3 times a day. Children from 2 to 5 years old: 2.5–5 ml (1/2–1 teaspoon) of 2.5% syrup 4 times a day, from 5 to 12 years old: 10 ml of 2.5% syrup (2 teaspoons). spoons) 4 times a day.
Bromhexine reduces the viscosity of sputum if it is not very pronounced. Currently, bromhexine is being replaced by the drug of its active metabolite, ambroxol (Ambrohexal). Ambroxol not only increases the level of sputum, but also promotes better elimination. Bromhexine is metabolized in the liver into active substance- ambroxol. Thus, ambroxol is an active metabolite of bromhexine. They fragment glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans of bronchial secretions. They have a mucolytic (secretolytic) and expectorant effect. They have a weak antitussive effect. Bromhexine and ambroxol have the ability to stimulate the production of endogenous pulmonary surfactant, and ambroxol, in addition, slows down its breakdown. Surfactant ensures the stability of alveolar cells during breathing, prevents the alveoli from collapsing, protects them from the effects of external adverse factors, and improves the “sliding” of bronchopulmonary secretions along the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa. Reducing the viscosity of mucus and improving its sliding significantly increase the fluidity of sputum and facilitate its release from the respiratory tract.
Directions for use and doses Inside, inhalation, intramuscularly, subcutaneously, slowly intravenously. Orally: adults and children over 14 years old - 8–16 mg 3–4 times a day; children under 14 years old - depending on age.
!!! one of the disadvantages of acetylcysteine, carbocysteine and partly bromhexine is their ability to enhance bronchospasm, therefore the use of these drugs in acute period bronchial asthma is not indicated
Mucolytic agents
Mucolytics normalize the secretion of bronchial secretions and thereby improve the removal of mucus from the bronchi. Mucolytics can be used to treat diseases of the lower respiratory tract, both acute (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia) and chronic (chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis). The prescription of mucolytic agents is also indicated for diseases of the ENT organs, accompanied by the release of mucous and mucopurulent secretions (rhinitis, sinusitis). Mucolytics are often the drug of choice in children in the first three years of life.
Actylcysteine (ACC) is one of the most active mucolytic drugs. ACC breaks the bonds of sputum mucopolysaccharides, which helps reduce the viscosity of mucus, thin it and facilitate removal from the bronchial tract, without significantly increasing the volume of sputum. In addition, ACC increases the protection of cells from free radical oxidation, which is characteristic of inflammatory reaction. ACC is a promising drug for the treatment of not only acute, but also chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, as well as for preventing the adverse effects of xenobiotics, industrial dust, smoking, including on the incidence of cancer in these groups of patients. The antioxidant effect helps reduce inflammation in the bronchi, reduces the severity of the disease and minimizes the frequency of exacerbations. To date, only drugs containing acetylcysteine combine the properties of a mucolytic and antioxidant.
Indications for use of the drug are acute, recurrent and chronic diseases lower parts of the respiratory tract, accompanied by the formation of viscous sputum, without or in the presence of a purulent inflammatory process - acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, other chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. ACC is available in several dosage forms: tablets, powders, solutions, ampoules for injection. This allows you to select treatment individually for each patient.
ACC is applied in average daily dose 600 mg. After oral administration, the effect of the drug begins within 30-90 minutes. ACC is usually well tolerated; in rare cases, mild dyspeptic disorders are possible.
Additional medicines used to treat cough
For coughs associated with irritation of the upper respiratory tract, the use of antitussives with local anesthetic activity. Lozenges containing dyclonine are a means of symptomatic therapy during treatment inflammatory processes in the pharynx (sore throat, pharyngitis) and larynx (laryngitis). The drugs reduce the feeling of soreness and irritation in the throat, sensitivity to various irritating factors (temperature, chemical), disrupting the development of the cough reflex. The drug eliminates dry paroxysmal, barking cough, chest pain associated with coughing.
If a cough occurs due to an allergic reaction, a prescription is indicated. antihistamines(loratadine, terfenadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine) and membrane stabilizers mast cells(sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium).
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Useful tips for coughing:
humidify the air; quit smoking or smoke less, and also avoid places where there is a lot of smoke
Avoid sudden changes in temperature (for example, quick exit from a warm room to a cold one)
avoid fumes from chemical products (aerosols, dishwashing detergents, powders)
do inhalations and moisturize the nasal mucosa
cough - this helps cleanse the bronchi
Folk remedies From cough:
Pour 1 lemon with water and boil over low heat for 10 minutes, after the lemon has cooled, cut it in half and squeeze the juice out of the lemon into a 200 gram glass, add 2 tablespoons of glycerin (for internal use), pour honey to the edge of the glass and that’s it mix. Take 2 teaspoons of the mixture 3 times a day before meals and at night.
Mix carrot or radish juice with milk in equal parts, take 1 tablespoon 6 times a day.
Mix 2 yolks, 2 tablespoons butter, 2 teaspoons honey and 1 teaspoon wheat flour, take up to 1 teaspoon many times a day.
Crushed in a mortar walnuts mix with honey in equal parts, dilute one teaspoon of the resulting mass into 100 ml warm water and drink in small sips.
Pour 1 tablespoon of sage herb into 1 cup of boiling water, let it brew, strain, dilute the resulting decoction with milk in a 1:1 ratio, take 1/2 cup of the mixture warm, you can add honey or sugar.
Pour 200 ml of boiling water over 50 g of raisins, let it brew for 30 minutes, add onions and squeeze the juice out of them, drain the water from the raisins and add 3 tablespoons of the squeezed juice, drink in small sips at a time, preferably at night.
Cut seven radishes into thin slices, sprinkle each slice with sugar and leave for 6 hours, take 1 tablespoon of radish juice every hour.
Pour 100 g of viburnum berries with 200 g of honey and cook over low heat for 5 minutes, then cool at room temperature and take 2 tablespoons of the mixture 5 times a day.
Pour one tablespoon of red clover into 200 ml of boiling water, cover, let it brew for 3-5 minutes, drink warm in small sips (an expectorant).
Boil 500 g of peeled chopped onion, 50 g of honey, 400 g of sugar in 1 liter of water for 3 hours over low heat, after which the liquid must be cooled, poured into a bottle and sealed, take 1 tablespoon 5 times a day for a severe cough.
Coughing is a complex reflex protective act aimed at clearing the respiratory tract of foreign particles or sputum. Irritation of the cough center in medulla oblongata (part of the brain) or mucous membrane of the respiratory tract causes an involuntary cough. This cough occurs with many respiratory diseases. The most sensitive areas to irritation are in the larynx, trachea, large and medium bronchi. In addition, cough can be caused or suppressed voluntarily, since the formation of the cough reflex is under the control of the cerebral cortex.
Cough can be productive (with phlegm) or non-productive (dry). Since an irritating, nonproductive cough is useless, it is best to suppress it. This is exactly what they are used for antitussives .
Depending on the point of application, antitussive drugs of central and peripheral action are distinguished.
Centrally acting antitussives suppress the cough reflex, inhibiting the corresponding areas of the medulla oblongata. The main drugs in this group are morphine derivatives - codeine And ethylmorphine , butamirate , glaucine , oxaldine And prenoxdiazine. It is very important that the respiratory center, which is also located in the medulla oblongata, remains unaffected. Apart from codeine and ethylmorphine, other drugs in this group do not depress the respiratory center. Prenoxdiazine also reduces the sensitivity of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract (local anesthetic effect), where areas sensitive to irritation are located.
Antitussives of peripheral action affect the sensitive endings in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. They have a softening and local anesthetic effect, reducing the flow of “cough stimuli” from the larynx, trachea and bronchi. A typical example such a medicine is acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene .
Due to the undesirable side effects of codeine and ethylmorphine (depression of the respiratory center, decreased tidal volume, the possibility of painful addiction, and so on) in Lately Increasingly, preference is given to more selective antitussives, both central (glaucine, oxeladin, prenoxdiazine and others) and peripheral (acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene, tipepidine) actions. These drugs do not cause addiction, so they are sometimes combined under the name “non-narcotic antitussives.”
Have you noticed that there is constant coughing in theaters and concert halls, and it seems that the number of coughing people is increasing all the time? The way it is. This is another aspect of voluntary cough control. Excitement or anxiety about the inappropriateness of the cough provokes it. Such factors are called psychogenic. Drugs that have a calming (sedative) effect can help in these cases.
Some people have the ability to soften and soothe a cough. antihistamines , in particular diphenhydramine, better known as diphenhydramine .
Antitussive medications are often included in combination cold and flu medications, which we discuss later in this chapter.
Individual antitussives are listed below; more information about all drugs in this group can be found on the website.
[Tradename(composition or characteristics) pharmachologic effect dosage forms firm]
Codelac(means plant origin) antitussive, expectorant table ICN Pharmaceuticals(USA), produced by: ICN Tomskhimpharm (Russia)
Libexin(prenoxdiazine) antitussive, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic table Sanofi-Synthelabo(France)
Sinekod(butamirate) antitussive drops for oral administration for children; syrup Novartis Consumer Health SA(Switzerland)
Drugs that weaken the cough reflex; used to relieve dry (non-productive) cough in various diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract. According to the mechanism of action, all antitussives are divided into drugs:
- central action - depressing effect on the cough center located in the medulla oblongata;
- peripheral action - suppress cough, inhibiting the nerve endings of the respiratory tract.
Centrally acting antitussives
Cough medicines with a central type of action are divided into two groups: narcotic (capable of causing addiction) and non-narcotic. Narcotic antitussives have a strong antitussive effect, inhibiting the center of the cough reflex, but at the same time they have pronounced side effects. Due to gravity side effects And possible development addiction, these medications should be taken strictly as prescribed by your doctor. Non-narcotic cough medicines are not addictive. These drugs can have both a central effect (butamirate, glaucine, pentoxyverine, etc.) and a peripheral effect (libexin, bithiodine).
Narcotic antitussives
Narcotic antitussives have a strong antitussive effect, inhibiting the center of the cough reflex, but at the same time they have pronounced side effects. Due to the severity of side effects and the possible development of dependence, these medications should be taken strictly as prescribed by your doctor.
Codeine- centrally acting antitussive, opium alkaloid. The strong antitussive effect of codeine is due to the suppression of cough nerve center; The duration of action is 4-6 hours.
Side effects of codeine: drug dependence, withdrawal syndrome, respiratory depression, arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, intestinal obstruction, constipation, itchy skin, allergic reactions, urticaria, etc.
Contraindications to the use of codeine: hypersensitivity, arrhythmia, hypotension, collapse, pneumonia, respiratory failure, bronchial asthma, alcohol poisoning, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, impaired liver and kidney function, low blood clotting, intoxication diarrhea, pregnancy.
Taking the drug excludes breastfeeding. Codeine is not prescribed to children under 2 years of age.
Ethylmorphine- a narcotic antitussive, similar in action to codeine. By acting on opioid receptors of neurons, ethylmorphine reduces the excitability of the cough center. The drug also has an analgesic effect. As a cough medicine, ethylmorphine is prescribed for various respiratory diseases - bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, pleurisy, etc.
Side effects of ethylmorphine are similar to those of codeine: drug dependence, allergic phenomena, constipation, nausea, vomiting, etc.
The use of the drug is contraindicated in elderly people and in conditions of general exhaustion.
Non-narcotic antitussives
Butamirat- centrally acting cough medicine; the drug reduces the excitability of the cough nerve center, and also has a moderate anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator and expectorant effect. Butamirate is prescribed for acute and chronic cough of any etiology.
Side effects of the drug include: dizziness, allergic phenomena, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, exanthema.
Contraindications to the use of the drug: I trimester of pregnancy, period breastfeeding. In the second and third trimesters, the drug is prescribed with caution only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus. Butamirate is also contraindicated for myasthenia gravis and children under 12 years of age.
Glaucine- centrally acting antitussive drug; alkaloid of the plant Glaucium flavum. Unlike codeine, it does not depress breathing and does not suppress intestinal motility, and is not addictive. Glaucine is prescribed for the treatment of cough of various etiologies.
Possible side effects: general weakness, dizziness, nausea, low blood pressure, allergic phenomena.
The drug is contraindicated in myocardial infarction, arterial hypotension, and sputum hyperproduction.
Ledin- non-narcotic antitussive agent of central action; also has a bronchodilator effect. The drug is prescribed for various diseases of the lungs and upper respiratory tract with frequent, unproductive cough. In the presence of sputum, treatment is supplemented with the administration of expectorants.
Side effects after using Ledin may include allergic reactions; in this case, stop using the drug.
Peripheral antitussives
Libexin- peripheral antitussive; the drug calms cough by blocking the peripheral parts of the cough reflex. Libexin does not cause drug addiction, does not depress the respiratory center. The medicine has a bronchodilator and local anesthetic effect. The duration of the antitussive effect of libexin is 3-4 hours.
The drug is prescribed for various diseases respiratory system accompanied by a nonproductive cough: bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, ARVI, bronchopneumonia, bronchial asthma, emphysema, dry pleurisy, spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary infarction.
Side effects may include: allergic phenomena, nausea, constipation, dry mouth.
The use of libexin is contraindicated in case of hypersecretion of mucus in the respiratory tract.
Bithiodine- peripheral cough medicine; affects the receptor apparatus of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. In terms of the strength of its therapeutic effect, bithiodine is close to codeine, but does not exhibit the side effects characteristic of the latter, in particular, it does not cause drug dependence. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of cough in various diseases of the respiratory organs.
Allergic reactions and constipation are possible as side effects of the medication.
Combined antitussives
On pharmaceutical market combined ones are also presented cough medicines, therapeutic effect which are caused by the action of their constituent components.
Stoptussin- antitussive drug based on butamirate and guaifenesin ( mucolytic agent). Thanks to the guaifenesin included in the drug, the antitussive effect of the drug is complemented by an expectorant effect.
The side effects of stoptussin, as well as its therapeutic effect, are determined by its composition. May experience: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, urticaria.
The use of stoptussin is contraindicated: in the first trimester of pregnancy and during lactation, in the second and third trimesters the drug is prescribed with extreme caution. Stoptussin is not prescribed for myasthenia gravis.
Bronholitin- cough syrup; contains glaucine hydrobromide and ephedrine hydrochloride. The drug has antitussive and bronchodilator effects. Broncholitin is used as a cough medicine in complex therapy various diseases of the respiratory organs: pneumonia, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, whooping cough, COPD, etc.
Side effects of broncholithin: increased blood pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole, dizziness, tremor, agitation, insomnia, nausea, blurred vision, constipation, dysmenorrhea, etc.
The drug is contraindicated in the following conditions: hypersensitivity, childhood(up to 3 years), first trimester of pregnancy, lactation period, arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, insomnia, thyrotoxicosis, hyperplasia prostate gland, pheochromocytoma.
Attention! To avoid negative consequences For health reasons, cough medicines should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor.
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Antitussives for children and adults are prescribed to suppress the cough reflex. Their effect is aimed at the brain receptors or periphery, which are responsible for coughing. Such remedies do not remove the cause of the disease, but only temporarily eliminate unpleasant symptom.
When using drugs that suppress cough, an effect on the medulla oblongata is observed. Although this group The remedy is intended only to relieve symptoms; it is also needed at a time when a dry cough significantly spoils the patient’s life.
Unproductive coughing leads to irritation of the respiratory mucosa. During this process, tension occurs abdominal wall, which prevents you from fully communicating with people and getting a good night’s sleep.
When is it prescribed?
Cough suppressants are prescribed for:
- bronchitis. Prescribed in situations where the infectious disease is not associated with the separation of viscous sputum;
- tracheitis. Dry nonproductive cough occurs as a result of atrophy of mucous tissues. With each inflammation, they become thinner, which leads to the formation of ulcers;
- heart failure. With this disease, the cough is not associated with sputum production. Against the background of poor-quality work of the heart muscle and lack of blood flow, the development of oxygen starvation. Often torments the patient at night;
- pharyngitis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx occurs. Symptoms of inflammation with pharyngitis include painful sensations in the throat, sore throat, discomfort when swallowing.
Prescription for the use of antitussives can also include laryngitis, colds, influenza infection. Only a doctor should prescribe them, as they act on the mucous membrane receptors and cough centers of the brain.
Types of cough medicines
Nowadays, pharmaceutical companies offer a wide selection of effective medicines for respiratory diseases. Cough suppression in adults should be taken very seriously. Most often, doctors in such cases prescribe medications in tablet form.
A child (an antitussive for children) is prescribed when they reach the age of three. If the baby's condition younger age is in a critical condition, as with laryngitis, false croup or whooping cough, then the medicine can be prescribed, but in a small dosage. You cannot take them on your own without a doctor’s recommendation, as they depress the nervous system.
Medicines in this group have big list adverse reactions. Some of them are considered very dangerous, as they have a narcotic effect on the respiratory center and are addictive.
Classification of drugs differs by:
- mechanism of action. This group is usually divided into drugs with central action and peripheral action. The first type of medication affects the cough center, which is located in the medulla oblongata. Thanks to this, the symptom is completely eliminated. The second group of drugs acts directly on receptors that are located in the respiratory tract. The manifestation of the symptom is reduced, but not completely;
- composition. A medicine that blocks, blocking, tablets that block (cough) an unpleasant symptom may contain synthetic and natural look. The first group of agents is considered more effective, but has an aggressive effect and has side effects. The second group was created on the basis medicinal herbs. When using natural medicines, a mild effect is observed. There are practically no side reactions, with the exception of an allergy to one of the components;
- release form. Medicines with this effect (central-acting antitussives) are sold in several forms: tablets, syrup, suspension, lozenges, drops, suppositories for rectal administration. Thanks to this form of release, medications can be taken not only by adults, but also by children;
- presence of narcotic components. This classification applies only to those funds that have a central effect. Narcotic medications are considered strong, but quickly become addictive.
When choosing a medicine, it is very important to pay attention to what components are included.
The best drugs for the treatment of dry cough
Most popular means tablets that suppress cough. At oral administration the maximum concentration of the substance is ensured. Tablet forms are often prescribed to adults and children over 6 years of age.
There are also combination cough medications. But universal drug No. One medication will be effective for heart failure, the other for bronchitis or tracheitis.
Drugs are selected individually in each case, depending on the patient’s age and type of disease.
The most popular include:
- Libexin. Active ingredient prenoxdiazine is used. It has a peripheral effect. Relieves attacks of dry cough, and also exhibits mild analgesic and bronchodilator properties. Effective for laryngitis, pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia. average cost ranges from 410 to 460 rubles.
- Stoptussin. Combined medicine against cough, which has not only an antitussive, but also an expectorant effect. Does not provoke the production of bronchial mucus. But it may cause adverse reactions: malfunction digestive organs, allergic reactions, nervous system disorder. Inexpensive product, the price of which is 108-220 rubles.
- Bithiodine. The active substance is tipepidine. Its effect is aimed at suppressing respiratory tract receptors. Refers to strong drugs, while having a minimum of side effects.
Other antitussive drugs for dry cough include:
- Tusuprex;
- Oxeladine.
Only a doctor can tell you which drug to choose based on the symptoms that appear and the type of disease.
Antitussives with expectorant action
To provide a moderate antitussive effect and remove mucus from the bronchi and lungs, combination medications are prescribed.
This group of funds includes:
- Sinekod. Excellent product, which is sold in the form of drops, tablets and syrup. Action active ingredients aimed at influencing the cough center. It also exhibits expectorant, anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator properties. Contraindicated for women during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The syrup is prescribed for children over three years of age. Drops can be given to babies from 2 months. The price fluctuates around 220 rubles.
- Bronchicum. The medication is available in three forms: syrup, elixir, and lozenges. The syrup contains thyme extracts from primrose root. It quickly converts a dry cough into a wet one. Prohibited for babies under six months, as well as for patients with hepatic and renal failure, pregnant and lactating women. The cost of the medicine is 270 rubles.
- Overslept. An effective remedy, both wet and dry cough. The composition includes natural ingredients in the form of ivy extract. The advantage of the medicine is that it can be given to babies from the first days of life. But it is relatively expensive - about 350 rubles.
It is also worth considering that each drug has contraindications and side effects. Therefore, doctors advise reading the instructions before use.
General contraindications for use
The main contraindications are:
- stage of gestation and lactation period. Their use is possible only if they are made from herbs and are truly necessary for treatment;
- sputum discharge. For diseases accompanied by excessive secretion of mucus from the bronchi, taking such medications is prohibited. If you suppress the cough reflex, sputum will accumulate and lead to increased inflammation;
- kidney and liver diseases. The breakdown of the components occurs in the liver, after which they enter and are excreted by the kidneys. In case of renal and liver failure, an overdose will occur;
- childhood. Typically, antitussives are not prescribed to children under 3 years of age. But there are combination drugs based on herbs that can be taken by young children.
The secrets of treatment success lie in correct intake tablets and syrups. If you do not follow the instructions, patients experience withdrawal symptoms. That is, if the drug does not arrive, the patient’s condition deteriorates sharply.
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