How much meat and bone meal to give a puppy. Feeding dogs. Bone meal production technology

A dog is a descendant, in particular, of a wolf and belongs to the order of carnivores, the canine family, i.e. by nature it is a predator that feeds on the meat and bones of captured animals. The structure of the body, in particular the digestive tract and dental system. Therefore, we must feed them according to their characteristics.

A short historical excursion regarding dog nutrition. According to approximate historical data, a dog has lived next to a person for about 50,000 years, i.e. man has been feeding the dog for many thousands of years. The question is, how did canines survive without commercial food and why were they healthier than today's animals? Feed has only existed for the last 40-50 years, and it is in recent decades that there has been an increase in the number chronic diseases animals, when it is practically impossible to find a healthy pet. This is noticed by the owners themselves, whose dogs 20-30 years ago were not so seriously and seriously ill, when, before they were born, the puppy wanders around clinics in Moscow or your city in a vain search for a solution to a health problem.

The stomach in dogs has one chamber (monogastric), the length of the intestine is 6 times the length of the body, for comparison in cats it is 3-4 times, in sheep it is 27-29 times. The stomach capacity of an average-sized dog is 2.0 - 2.5 liters.

The dental and digestive systems are characteristic of a predator. During domestication and long life next to humans, the dog has become virtually an omnivore; its diet includes meat, fish, offal, meat and bone meal, bone meal and fish meal, cereals and flour products, bread, milk, different kinds vegetables and greens. Some of your dog's diet may consist of food waste. All herbal products In addition to greens, dogs are fed boiled, since vegetable starch and other polysaccharides in their raw form are not digestible by dogs.

Briefly, the benefits of high-quality meat and bone meal:

Meat and bone meal- it is a source of high-value protein (contains all essential amino acids), minerals in bioavailable form (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium) and B vitamins, especially B5 and B12.

It is used as a daily supplement to the diet of dogs, cats, rabbits, ferrets and minks to eliminate and prevent the adverse effects that arise from unbalanced feeding. The dog's diet should contain meat and bone meal in an amount of up to 100 grams. per day, depending on the weight and age of your pet.

If possible, you should alternate feeding Meat and bone meal and fish meal

Indications for use:

To replenish calcium and phosphorus deficiency during the formation and replacement of teeth

For correct height and development of puppies, kittens, rabbits, ferrets and minks

For the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases in adults and aging animals

To recover after physical activity

For the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies B5 and B12

To enhance immunity.

Contraindications:

Briefly, the benefits of high-quality fishmeal:

Fish flour- a source of concentrated high quality protein, fat, rich in essential fatty acids type Omega-3. It includes a surprisingly wide range natural substances and minerals: phosphorus, calcium, iodine, selenium, a whole set essential amino acids, which the body cannot produce on its own, as well as vitamins A, D and group B.

Phosphorus, which is part of fishmeal, has valuable property- it is completely absorbed by the body, which increases the effectiveness of its use. Selenium provides strengthening immune system Your pet. The dog's diet should contain fish meal in an amount of up to 50 grams. per day, depending on the weight and age of your pet. If possible it is necessary alternate in feeding Meat and bone meal and fish meal

Indications for use:

As a source of minerals, for correct formation bones and teeth

For the prevention and treatment of vitamin deficiencies A, D, B5 and B12

To improve coat

For recovery after physical exertion during dog training

With insufficient lactation in females

To restore the appearance after childbirth and breastfeeding

For the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders

To boost immunity

Contraindications: not recommended for gastrointestinal disorders of different etiologies, to females within one week after birth.

Dogs that are systematically underfed during the growth period or receive inadequate feeding grow more slowly and develop various degenerative processes, rickets and other diseases. The body is weakened, so diseases are more common among them, there is a high mortality rate during the growth period, many females do not come into heat or remain empty. Childbirth is more difficult, the puppies are small and poorly developed. This fully applies to males as well.

Feeding plays a huge, if perhaps not the most main role in the proper raising of a healthy, strong, conformation dog. Unfortunately, these issues are often not given enough attention. It should be remembered that the main feed should be food of animal origin and, first of all, meat and fish feed. In order to properly raise a dog, you need to take these features into account when preparing a diet, giving food, etc. Dogs have a high rate of passage of food through the digestive tract: the first remnants of food eaten can be excreted after 8 hours, and complete digestion occurs in 30 hours.

It is advisable to feed only raw foods. Raw food is always better for a dog than cooked food. In nature, no one cooks food for them, and in this case their body digests better and absorbs nutrients. When eating boiled food, the gums and stomach walls become sluggish. Boiled food causes dental disease, masticatory muscles weaken, gastric juice stands out weakly. All this ultimately leads to metabolic disorders and diseases of the digestive system. Dogs are descended from wolves, which eat raw meat and obtain sufficient plant food in the form of the contents of the intestines and stomachs of victims, and by eating vegetation.

You should prepare special food for dogs. You can't feed yourself with table scraps. It is most correct to feed raw foods in meat, fish or vegetable broth. It is better to use bones for the broth, and put the meat raw in the finished soup. It is necessary to give some vegetables raw. The dog needs to be trained to do this puppy age. At first they give finely grated carrots, apples, cabbage, and when the dog gets used to eating them, there will be no problems in the future. Of course, this is more troublesome, more time-consuming, but more useful and correct.

Dogs sometimes arrange for themselves fasting days when they refuse one feeding, or even fast all day. Don’t force them to eat—fasting is even beneficial! Posts should be arranged in mandatory- skip one feeding per week. This helps cleanse the stomach of toxins. By the way, for the same purpose, do not prevent people from eating grass. Dogs often vomit after this, which in this case is normal.

Compound meat and bone meal 3rd grade per 100g:

Proteins - no less than 36%

Fats at least 5%

Amino acids - no less than 34%

including irreplaceable:

lysine - no less than 1.84%,

methionine - not less than 0.53%,

threonine - not less than 1.2%,

tryptophan - not less than 0.35%,

arginine - not less than 2.3%,

leucine - at least 2%,

isoleucine not less than 1%,

glycine - not less than 2.52%,

histidine - not less than 0.5%.

Macronutrients:

Calcium not less than 9.5%

Phosphorus at least 5%

Potassium - at least 1.2 g

Magnesium - at least 0.1 g

Sodium - not less than 0.15 g

Microelements:

Iron - at least 5 mg

Copper - at least 0.15 mg

Zinc - at least 8.5 mg

Manganese - not less than 1.2 mg

Cobalt - not less than 0.02 mg

Iodine - not less than 0.1 mg

Vitamins:

B1 - not less than 0.1 mg

B2- not less than 0.4 mg

B3 - not less than 0.3 mg

B4 - not less than 0.2 mg

B5 - not less than 4.6 mg

B12 - not less than 1.2 mcg

E - not less than 0.2

Composition of Fishmeal per 100g:

Proteins - no less than 63%

Fats at least 6%

Amino acids-60%

including irreplaceable:

lysine - no less than 4%,

methionine - not less than 1.5%,

threonine - not less than 2.6%,

tryptophan - not less than 0.6%,

arginine - not less than 3.6%,

leucine - not less than 4.5%,

isoleucine not less than 3%,

glycine - not less than 4.2%,

histidine - not less than 1.5%.

Macronutrients:

Calcium not less than 4.5%

Phosphorus not less than 2.5%

Potassium - at least 0.4 g

Magnesium - at least 0.4 g

Sodium - at least 1 g

Microelements:

Iron - not less than 11.3 mg

Copper - at least 0.15 mg

Zinc - not less than 10.6 mg

Manganese - not less than 2.3 mg

Cobalt - not less than 0.01 mg

Iodine - not less than 0.26 mg

Selenium - not less than 0.14 mg

Vitamins:

D - not less than 10 mcg

E - not less than 1.9 mg

B1 - not less than 0.08 mg

B2- not less than 0.5 mg

B3- not less than 1.5 mg

B4- not less than 0.3 mg

B5 - not less than 7.6 mg

B12 - at least 100 mg

Materials taken from the site www.belkohelp.ru

Meat and bone meal for dogs is a kind of “mystical” food supplement that needs to be introduced into the diet, but few people know how and how much to give. Proper storage is also important; we’ll look into why below.

Meat and bone meal is a product of the nutritional supplement industry. According to the standard, the composition of meat and bone meal varies within the following limits:

45–50% protein.
30–35% ash.
8–15% fat.
4–8% water.

The main purpose and use of meat and bone meal is the production of animal feed. The food additive allows you to increase the amino acid index of the food, which has a positive effect on the health of pets.

Not long ago, meat and bone meal was added to the food of commercial animals. However, studies have shown that the beneficial food additive can become a source of rabies infection in cows and other cattle.

It should be noted that countries that have abandoned meat and bone meal as a food additive for livestock successfully use the product to prepare cheap feed for small domestic animals.

World record holder for the use of meat and bone meal for the production of dog and cat food, is the USA. In some European countries, meat and bone meal is prohibited and is replaced with other, synthetic fillers. European countries that have abandoned meat and bone meal as a food additive continue to use it as a raw material for energy production and fertilizer.

Meat and bone meal is produced in the form of a powder, which is obtained by boiling, defatting, disinfecting, grinding and sifting waste from animal carcasses. In some countries, including the United States, the corpses of dead animals are used to produce meat and bone meal. own death, from viral diseases or under the wheels of cars.

Meat and bone meal is used as a dog food supplement, but what is it and how is it prepared?

Bone meal is a mineralized powder with a high ash content.
Meat flour is protein powder after heat treatment.

For the production of bone meal, paired (fresh) bones are practically not used. Most often, bones from which gelatin or other substances have already been obtained are processed into flour. When using bone meal, leather, horns, hooves and wool are also used.

Meat meal is also rarely produced in its pure form. Most often, whole carcasses of dead animals are processed. In this case, large fractions, including fragments of bones, which did not dissolve during cooking under high pressure, are eliminated from flour at the sifting stage. Meat and bone meal may contain so-called blood meal. To produce it, blood is collected at slaughterhouses, which is evaporated and sifted.

This is interesting! Blood meal is the basis for the production of a popular children's delicacy with same name"Hematogen".

Recently, “bone meal”, made from feathers, has been in increasing demand. This is a cheap product of dubious usefulness. The problem is that birds at slaughterhouses are de-feathered using chemical solutions. Afterwards, the feathers are collected, dried, crushed and sifted.

The benefits and harms of meat and bone meal for dogs

Any product or food additive can have benefits and harm. Meat and bone meal is a food additive of questionable usefulness, if only because the methods of its production are almost impossible to trace. Despite the risks, most of Owners who keep dogs on a natural diet use meat and bone meal as a source of minerals. Knowing that a dog can be injured or even die if fed bones, many owners prefer to play it safe.

Read also: Restless dog behavior: causes and methods of elimination

Bone or meat and bone meal is a powder obtained from ground animal bones and flesh. Oddly enough, in the majority European countries Meat and bone meal is sold in gardening departments because it is used only as fertilizer.

Meat and bone meal sold as a dietary supplement undergoes additional testing in a veterinary laboratory. In countries where veterinary laws are implemented “once in a while,” flour of the first and second classes can be sold as a food additive. Having understood the issue in more detail, many owners become tense and refuse to use the product as a dietary supplement.

Important! Having excluded meat and bone meal, a source of calcium, phosphorus, fats and proteins, from the dog’s diet, it must be replaced with something.

Most sellers do not hide the truth, but buyers rarely read the ingredients or are interested in the issue at the proper level. The recommendations of the International Veterinary Association are clear - it is recommended to add only third class meat and bone meal to dogs' food, that is, which was produced in compliance with all sanitary and epidemiological standards.

First and second class meat and bone meal is produced in several stages. One of the stages is intensive heat treatment under high pressure. After such treatment, the dog’s digestive system practically does not digest the additive, which significantly reduces the percentage of calcium and phosphorus received.

If meat and bone meal was produced in an area with a high epidemiological risk, the packaging must contain a warning.

Note! Depending on the category and specific production lines, the ratio of calcium and phosphorus in meat and bone meal is not always ideal for absorption by the dog’s body.

Meat and bone meal in a dog’s diet – how and how much to give

If you have the opportunity to purchase meat and bone meal of the third category, it can be added to your dog’s food without fear. How and how much to give meat and bone meal so as not to harm your pet? The good news is that it is almost impossible to overdose on meat and bone meal. Usually, flour is added by eye. A large dog weighing 30–40 kg can be given 1–2 teaspoons of meat and bone meal per day. The additive is added to food immediately before serving.

Note! If you add meat and bone meal to porridge during the cooking process, its beneficial properties will be significantly reduced due to heat treatment.

Alternatives to meat and bone meal

The highest quality alternative to meat and bone meal is raw bones with meat. Gnawing bones, the dog gives sufficient stress to the gums, and this is the prevention of diseases oral cavity. By gnawing on the membranes of the joints, the pet receives sufficient quantity microelements. However, not all bones are suitable as a source of microelements and proteins.

Important! Never leave a dog chewing on a bone unattended. When gnawing on moslak, a dog can dislocate its jaw, especially for puppies who are very interested in the process. When the dog has removed all the meat, it is better to take the bone from it and, if necessary, exchange it for another one.

Dogs are strictly prohibited tubular bones and all the bones that break into sharp pieces. As a toy, your pet can be given large moslaks and spongy bones. Many owners of large dogs give their pet a young duck or whole quail.

Animal feed products and plant origin, as well as all kinds of additives (mineral, vitamin, biological active substances and etc.). The group of products of animal origin includes meat and meat by-products, milk, dairy products, fish, eggs, etc.

The share of these products in the diets of adult dogs is 30-40 percent of the total calorie intake. Meat is the most nutritious product, which is included in diets in an amount of 25-30 percent of the calorie content of the feed. Any meat is suitable for dogs: horse meat, beef, lamb, pork, game, poultry, etc. It should be kept in mind that raw meat is healthier than cooked meat.

Therefore, it should be at least 20-25 percent of the daily requirement. Fatty meats can cause digestive upset in dogs. Meat of small wild animals, rodents and birds is fed in the form of carcasses (raw or cooked) without skin, feathers and entrails. To avoid scratching the esophagus with tubular bones, the carcass is cut up, and the beak and claws of birds are removed.

However, such meat should be introduced into the diet gradually, first feeding it to relatively well-fed dogs, since hungry dogs, greedily eating this meat, can choke on the sharp tubular bones. Chemical composition meat varies sharply depending on the type of animal, as well as on fatness, age and gender.

The most proteins are in horse meat and lamb, the least in fatty pork. The amino acid composition of different types of meat differs little. Daily norm meat for dogs is not the same and depends on age, gender, body weight, physiological state and work performed.

Approximate norm for an adult dog

Approximate norm for adult dog with average physical activity with a body weight of 35 kg it is 400 g, for a puppy from 20 days of age to 2 months - 80-200 g, from 2 to 4 months - 200-400 g, from 4 to 6 months - 400-500 g and with b months to a year - 500-600g per head per day. Meat by-products are widely used to feed dogs.

By-products include: liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, brains, tongue, spleen, tripe, trachea, head, udder, meat trimmings, legs, tails, lips, ears, etc. Meat by-products make up up to 30 percent of the total calorie content daily ration. All by-products obtained from healthy animals and not signs of damage, fed raw. The composition and nutritional value of meat by-products are not the same. Liver is the richest source of vitamins. It also has high dietary qualities.

When liver is stored frozen, its vitamin A content decreases. Most often, liver is fed to dogs during mating, whelping, as well as to puppies and lactating bitches. The liver has a particularly beneficial effect on the body of dogs with anemia. It should be borne in mind that the liver sometimes contains germs of worms, so it can be fed raw only after a special check. The heart is good source complete proteins, contains B vitamins. Kidneys are rich in vitamins A and B. Brains contain large amounts of fats and cholines. It is especially recommended to feed brains during the mating period and in case of violation fat metabolism in the dog's body. The udder contains a large amount of fat.

The spleen is rich in complete proteins, and in terms of the content of essential amino acids it is close to muscle meat and liver. In addition, the spleen contains antibodies and enzymes. Early sign damage to the spleen - darkening of the color when cut. If a dog's diet contains too much spleen, it will cause black diarrhea. The lungs contain large amounts connective tissue. They can be fed to dogs in significant quantities, gradually introducing them into the diet in a well-ground form to avoid vomiting.

If the stomachs of farm animals are sufficiently fresh, they can be fed raw. The most valuable parts of the stomach are the tripe and abomasum. You cannot feed dogs intestines that were accidentally purchased and not cleaned of contents; they are washed well and fed boiled.

Heads of killed sheep and large cattle half made of bones. The squirrels of the heads have low performance digestibility. The heads contain a lot of fat, and feeding them to the young ensures good growth. Legs, ears, lips, tails contain little complete protein; they are fed in the diet with other foods as a source of calcium and phosphorus.

Bones are also used in feeding dogs.

They are fed to dogs of all ages, starting from 2-3 months of age. A long-term absence of bones in the diet leads to a general weakening of the dog’s skeleton; its own bones become loose, porous and brittle. Dogs should not be given bones after a long period of fasting caused by any gastrointestinal disease. Bones are used to prepare stew, broth and as additional feed and delicacy in raw form.

Remember that puppies and adult dogs should not be given tubular bones, which splinter into sharp pieces, which can lead to a perforation of the stomach. The importance of bones in a dog’s diet should also not be overestimated. Abuse of bones can lead to gastritis and constipation, since domestic dogs are limited in movement, so their digestive processes are slow, and bones clog the intestines.

Blood obtained from the slaughter of farm animals is fed to dogs at all ages, starting from 2-3 months of age. Blood contains up to 22 percent complete, easily digestible proteins. In terms of the content of essential amino acids, blood is not inferior to muscle meat. Blood from healthy animals has bactericidal properties in the first hours after collection. Feeding blood to dogs prevents iron deficiency anemia, especially when used in fish diets.

Blood in diets can be fed raw, boiled, canned, and also in the form of fibrin (clotted blood). Fresh clean blood of cattle, horses and sheep is used for raw feeding within 3-5 hours after receiving it. Pig blood and blood obtained 5 hours before feeding are given only boiled. Dried blood (blood meal) is added to the diet of adult dogs in small quantities (no more than 50g per day). Blood can partially replace muscle meat if fed with cereals and vegetables.

Experience shows that dogs are reluctant to eat soup cooked with blood meal alone. Technical albumin, obtained from blood, is also fed to dogs in boiled form instead of meat. After cooking, albumin loses its specific medicinal smell. When dogs are overfed with blood, especially fibrin, protein poisoning occurs.

Meat and bone meal

Meat and bone meal is a source of high-value proteins and minerals for dogs. It is prepared from the by-products of farm animals, culled carcasses not suitable for human consumption, as well as from carcasses that have died from non-contagious animal diseases. Meat and bone meal contains up to 50 percent proteins and up to 25 percent minerals. Meat and bone meal can partially replace meat if you feed it to adult dogs no more than 100g per day.

Dogs are gradually accustomed to this food by feeding it in a mixture with other foods and no more than twice a week. It is most beneficial to add this food little by little to the soup, especially for young animals, puppies and lactating bitches. At the same time, meat and bone meal increases the content of mineral elements, especially phosphorus, in the dog’s body. Milk and dairy products in dog diets can replace part of the meat and account for 3-5 percent of the total calorie intake.

Milk contains all the essential nutrients. Cow, goat, sheep, mare, camel, buffalo and yak milk are used in feeding dogs. Milk is especially valuable for puppies, chipped and lactating bitches, as well as sick and malnourished dogs. Milk is fed raw. If there is a lack of milk in lactating bitches, newborn puppies begin to be fed cow's milk from 3-4 days of age, in other cases - from 15-20 days, starting with a small amount (50g), and by 3 months the norm is increased to 0.4- 0.5 l per day.

Puppies are fed milk until they are 6 months old. Puppy and lactating bitches can be fed milk up to 1 liter per day. Along with raw milk, you can also feed fermented milk, which acquires antibiotic properties. Skim milk (skim milk) is also given to dogs in raw and fermented form. For adult dogs, this food is most often given in pasteurized or boiled form in quantities of up to 1 liter or more per day.

Skim milk is added to plant foods, which dogs eat more readily. Cottage cheese is a highly nutritious and easily digestible food. It is fed to both young animals and adult dogs. Puppies begin to be given cottage cheese from the suckling period, are taught gradually from a small amount, and by the age of 6 months the rate of cottage cheese is increased to 50-100 g per day.

Cottage cheese is fed to adult dogs instead of meat, and also as a dietary food for sick dogs up to 0.5 kg per day. Dogs whose diet does not contain meat are given 0.6-1 kg of cottage cheese per day. Salted cottage cheese is soaked in water for 15-20 minutes before feeding. It must be remembered that a large amount of cottage cheese can cause constipation.

From dairy waste

Whey and buttermilk are also fed to dogs from dairy waste. Whey contains a large amount of milk sugar. Most often, milk waste is used in the preparation of porridge. IN in kind these products can be used as laxatives. Buttermilk, due to its high lecithin content, serves as a therapeutic agent for liver diseases, anemia, etc. Technical casein is fed to dogs whose diet is dominated by plant foods. It contains up to 80% proteins and can serve as a meat substitute.

Casein must be boiled before feeding. Keep in mind that dairy products should not be stored in galvanized containers. The combination of lactic acid with zinc causes catarrh of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as stomach and duodenal ulcers in dogs. Fish and fish waste are sources of complete proteins.

In terms of nutritional value, fish products are not inferior to meat and meat by-products. In addition to proteins, they contain highly digestible fats, vitamins A and D and many macro and microelements. The composition of fish feed varies depending on the type of fish, its age, and the fishing season. Fish waste has a lower protein content than whole fish. To feed dogs, they usually use small, unsalted fish that are of little use. taste qualities for food for people.

Fish waste must be of good quality. Otherwise, they can cause poisoning and illness in dogs. Many types of fish contain the enzyme thiaminase, which, when fed raw, causes B-vitaminosis in dogs. The largest amount of this enzyme is found in fish entrails and heads.

Therefore, you need to feed raw fish intermittently. On days when the dog's diet does not contain fish, they need to be given increased doses of thiamine. Some types of fish, such as whiting, hake, pollock, cod, haddock, etc. contain trimethylamine oxide, which binds iron in the diet and converts it into an indigestible form.

As a result, dogs develop severe form of anemia, the color of the coat changes. Boiling fish eliminates its negative effects. When feeding fish raw, it is necessary to use glandular preparations. Dogs are gradually accustomed to feeding fish in large quantities.

Large fish

Before cooking, large fish should be first cleaned of scales and entrails; small fish should be cooked until it is boiled and the bones become soft. Salted fish Before cooking, you should soak thoroughly. Although fish serves as a source of protein nutrition, it cannot completely replace meat products.

Therefore, you cannot feed dogs only fish: it must be alternated with meat. Best for dogs sea fish, which can be fed both raw and boiled. In the composition of products of animal origin, fish feed should occupy no more than 3-5 percent of the total caloric content of the diet. Dogs are also fed fishmeal.

The most suitable for feed purposes is fishmeal, which contains no more than 10 percent fat and 22 percent minerals. Adult dogs are given no more than 50 g of fishmeal, puppies - no more than 20 g per day. Dogs eat fish oil, which is very rich in vitamins, quite willingly. More often fish fat fed to puppies to prevent rickets.

During the suckling period, puppies are given a few drops of fish oil per day, at the age of 2 months - a teaspoon, after which the dose is adjusted to a tablespoon. Fish oil can be used as a dietary supplement.

If a dog develops diarrhea, fish oil should be immediately removed from the diet. Fish oil is fed to puppy and lactating bitches in the amount of 30-50 g, to male dogs during the mating period - 20-30 g per day. It is recommended to store fish oil in a dark place, since in the light vitamin D turns into a toxic substance - toxysterol. From animal products, dogs are also given eggs and animal fats. Raw chicken eggs given as additional nutrition to puppies, lactating bitches, sick dogs, male dogs during the mating period and instead of meat.

Animal fats

Animal fats are fed to dogs in the cold season as additional food to the main diet, no more than 20-25 g per day. Products of plant origin occupy the maximum share in dog diets and account for 60-70 percent of the daily energy requirement for adult animals. These include: cereal grains (oats, barley, millet, corn, etc.) in the form of flour, bread and cereals, as well as vegetables and root vegetables.

Grain legumes (peas, beans, lentils, etc.) are rarely used for feeding dogs: they are difficult to digest and their nutrients are poorly absorbed by the body. If dogs still have to be fed legumes, the latter must be ground and well boiled. In this case, their daily dose for adult dogs should not exceed 100g per day. Bread, cereals and cereal flour (oats, barley, wheat, millet, corn, buckwheat, rice) are characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, B vitamins and mineral elements, especially phosphorus.

Rye and wheat bread are primarily used to feed dogs. Wheat bread has a higher calorie and protein content than rye bread. Bread is difficult to digest and lingers in the stomach for a long time (3-4 hours). Bread releases three times more enzymes in the digestive tract than milk. The daily bread allowance for adult dogs is 200-300g, for puppies in the nursing period - 50-70g, for puppies older than one month - 100-150g.

Feeding bread in large quantities causes severe fermentation in dogs, gas formation in the intestines, and constipation. Bread is added to milk, stew, soup, and sometimes bread in its natural form is included in the diet. It is better to feed stale bread. Cereals, compared to bread, are richer in easily digestible carbohydrates and are the main food in a dog’s diet.

Well cooked oat groats gives a significant amount of mucous decoction, which has a beneficial effect on digestion. The proteins of this cereal have lipotropic properties, which have positive influence for diseases of the liver and heart. High content The amount of fat in oatmeal puts it in first place in terms of calorie content among other cereals. Before cooking, oatmeal must be crushed or soaked in cold water 6-8 hours before cooking, otherwise it is poorly digested.

"Hercules"

Hercules cereal has a very good effect on the dog’s body. Semolina has high digestibility. Corn grits are characterized by relatively low digestibility. Its distinctive property is the ability to inhibit the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. Corn grits contain relatively a lot of iron, copper and nickel, which has a beneficial effect on hematopoiesis. Millet contains a lot nicotinic acid, copper, manganese and zinc.

When millet is stored for a long time, the fats it contains quickly oxidize, and the grain acquires a bitter taste. Buckwheat is rich in lecithin, which determines its use for liver disease. Pearl barley and barley grains have a significant fiber content. It is better to cook them in a mixture with millet and oatmeal.

The digestibility of nutrients from pearl barley and pearl barley is relatively low, but they contain a significant amount of iron and folic acid, which determines their use to stimulate hematopoiesis. Pearl barley is included in the diet of dogs for obesity and constipation. Rice for dogs is a dietary food.

Like oatmeal, when boiled it forms a significant amount of mucous decoction, which has a beneficial effect on gastrointestinal tract. The daily grain intake for adult dogs is on average 200-250g, for puppies during the suckling period - 30-50g, from 1 to 3 months - 80-100g, from 4 to 6 months - 120-150g. Flour for feeding dogs is used in the form of boiled mash. In terms of digestibility of nutrients, mash made from flour is inferior to cereal porridges and therefore is used quite rarely. Cereals and flour used in feeding dogs must be fresh. They should not have a musty smell, mold and should not have a bitter taste.

Vegetables and root vegetables for dogs are important source vitamins, minerals, highly soluble sugar, starch, organic acids, pectin and fiber. These foods increase the secretion of the digestive glands and enhance their enzymatic activity, which improves digestion processes and increases the absorption of nutrients.

These properties make vegetables and root vegetables essential integral part dog diet. In the diet of adult dogs, the content of vegetables and root vegetables should be about 8-10 percent of the daily calorie intake.

Dogs are given potatoes, carrots, cabbage (fresh and pickled), beets, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, carrot and beet tops, etc. Potatoes have the highest nutritional value among root vegetables. However, it is difficult to digest. There is evidence that it reduces the absorption of B vitamins. Therefore, it should be used rarely in feeding dogs, only in the absence of other vegetables. Potatoes are fed only boiled.

Be sure to wash it before cooking. Remove spoiled, rotten, and moldy tubers. Boiled potatoes turn sour quickly, so they are fed freshly boiled.

Potato sprouts

Potato sprouts contain the toxic substance solanine, which can cause intestinal disease, so the sprouts are removed before cooking and the water is drained after cooking. On average, you can feed an adult dog no more than 200 g of potatoes per day, a puppy at suckling age - 20-30 g, from 1 to 3 months - 80-100 g, from 3 to 6 months - 100-120 g.

Potatoes are most often served in soup or stew. Fresh and pickled cabbage is often used to feed dogs. It is an essential source of vitamins C and K. Raw carrots are also used for feeding. It is a source of carotene (provitamin A) and boiled beets, which contain sugar and pectin.

Boiled beets should be fed with some precautions, since cases of poisoning occur in practice. Poisoning is caused by nitrites formed during slow (5-12 hours) cooling of beets. Boiled beets are stored only in the refrigerator. Among green foods, lettuce, spinach, raw carrot and beet tops, finely chopped, are used as additives to soup. Before feeding, young fresh nettles are crushed and doused with hot water.

The daily intake of vegetables, root vegetables and herbs (without potatoes) is about 100g for adult dogs, and 20-80g for puppies. Vegetables, root vegetables and herbs must be fresh, not limp, not moldy, without foreign odors. Before feeding, these products are washed well in clean water. Dogs also readily eat boiled pumpkin, pre-peeled from peels and seeds. You can also add tomatoes and eggplants to their diet.

If you feed your dogs food leftovers from the home table, firstly, they must be fresh, and secondly, you need to make sure that the leftovers do not contain small sharp bones and contain a large amount of vinegar, mustard and pepper. Some food additives are also used to feed dogs: yeast, vitamin preparations, bone meal, calcium phosphate, glycerophosphate, finely crushed dried eggshells, table salt etc. Feed, baker's and brewer's yeast contain a significant amount of complete proteins and B vitamins.

They are fed as part of the diet to stud dogs during the mating period in the amount of 20-30 g and to puppies - 5-10 g per day. Vitamin preparations are added to the diet if there is a lack of vitamins contained in natural feed. Feed vitamin preparations Suitable for puppies, whelps and lactating bitches. In this case, drugs are given in accordance with the recommendations attached to them, which indicate the activity of the drug and dosage.

Mineral supplements

Mineral supplements are given to dogs as part of their diet if there is a lack of calcium, phosphorus and other elements in the food. Bone meal is added to the diet of adult dogs in the amount of 10-15g, puppies at suckling age - 4g, from 1 to 3 months - 10g, from 3 to 6 months - 13g per day. Calcium phosphate (precipitate), glycerophosphate, finely crushed dried eggshells are fed to stud dogs, whelping and lactating bitches in the amount of 2-3g at each feeding, to puppies - 0.5-1g per day.

Table salt is added to the diet of adult dogs - 10-15g, puppies at suckling age - 0.5g, from 1 to 3 months - 5g, from 3 to 6 months - 8g per day. Currently, meat, vegetable and other canned food, as well as dry food, are widely used to feed dogs. They provide good nutrition, convenient for storage, and also do not require much time for preparation.

In addition to meat, canned meat includes meat by-products, as well as other animal feed. Canned meat is fed mainly to adult dogs as part of a diet consisting of cereals, vegetables and other products.

Canned meat and vegetables include a variety of products that fully meet the nutritional needs of adult dogs. nutrients, with the exception of vitamins that are added to the diet in accordance with physiological standards.

Bone meal is a protein-mineral feed that increases the efficiency of food for birds, animals and fish, enriches it with vitamins, minerals, proteins and microelements. Thanks to this food, the body's metabolism is normalized and the digestibility of feed is improved.

Composition of bone meal:

protein (50%);
ash (35%);
water (4 – 7%);
fats (8 -12%).

At product manufacturing waste and bones of meat and fish production, dead livestock, meat and fish products rejected by veterinary services are used. Before further processing, raw materials are checked for appropriate quality by the sanitary and veterinary services. After checking, the products are crushed in a crusher, steamed and boiled. Next, the product is placed in a dryer and then crushed again. Finished products packed in bags with a polyethylene layer.

There are certain rules for storing the product to avoid damage or loss. useful properties. It should be stored in dry rooms, out of reach of rodents, birds or insects. The product should not be used after the expiration date indicated on the packaging.

Areas of use

More often bone meal is used:

on poultry farms;
in livestock farms;
as a fertilizer.

Use as feed for farm animals

Flour is used for balancing feed mixtures for animals, birds, fish. Adding to the diet is recommended in small portions. The following criteria must be taken into account. So, for rabbits no more than 2% of bone meal in the general diet is permissible, for feeding pigs - about 5%. It is recommended to add powder to birds, the amount of which does not exceed 7% of the total feed ration, and to fish - up to 20%. These general norms need to be further adjusted taking into account the amount of other feed components.

Meat and bone meal is used as a vitamin and mineral supplement when feeding large and small livestock, as well as pigs and poultry. This is very valuable product, containing a lot of protein. The use of meat and bone meal allows you to balance the diet of animals and significantly increase their productivity.

Product Description

Meat and bone meal powder is light or dark brown with a specific smell. When choosing this product, you should pay attention to the shade Special attention. The color should be exactly brown. A yellowish tint indicates that the product is of poor quality. Chicken feathers give this color to the powder. In poultry, when yellow flour is added to the feed, a decrease in egg production is observed. In addition, the consumption of feathers provokes the development of cannibalism in chickens.

The quality of meat and bone meal is divided into three classes, depending on the fat content. The less it is, the better product. When assessing the quality of flour, you should also pay attention to:

Smell. It should not be musty or putrid.
Only flour of homogeneous composition is considered high quality. It should not contain lumps or granules with a diameter of more than 12 mm.

How it is made

In the production of this product, meat is used that is unsuitable as food for humans: carcasses of animals that died from non-contagious diseases, waste from the meat processing industry, etc. The manufacturing process consists of the following stages:

Meat production waste is boiled and cooled to a temperature of 25 degrees.
The resulting greave is crushed in special units.
The powder is sifted through a sieve.
The resulting flour is passed through magnetic separators to remove metallic impurities.
The product is then treated with antioxidants to prevent fat spoilage.
The finished powder is packaged in bags or bags.

Meat and bone meal: instructions for use when feeding chickens

Including this product in the diet of laying hens can significantly increase egg production and save a little on feed. You can mix meat and bone meal for chickens both in and into mash. Optimal dose - 7% of total number cereals.

Only high-quality meat and bone meal should be fed to poultry. This product is very useful for chickens because it contains a large amount of protein. Unfortunately, recently many companies involved in the production of flour have begun to add soy to it to reduce its cost. Feeding such a fake brings practically no results. Egg production does not increase; in birds, due to a lack of protein, the number of cases of pecking and cannibalism increases. Therefore, you should not buy cheap flour from little-known manufacturers.

You should not give too much flour to the bird. This may cause this unpleasant disease like gout. Also, chickens whose diet contains too much of this additive often develop amyloidosis. This is the name for a disorder of protein metabolism, accompanied by the deposition in tissues of substances with a certain chemical property.

Meat and bone meal: instructions for use when feeding pigs

Among other things, feeding meat and bone meal stimulates animal weight gain. It is given to pigs in an amount of 5-15% of the total weight of feed. It can be a very good supplement for both sows and growing animals. It is not recommended to use meat and bone meal as a supplement only for very small weaned piglets.

After adding flour to the feed, carry it out heat treatment no longer possible. Otherwise, most of the protein and vitamins will be lost. This rule should be observed when feeding both pigs and other types of farm animals and poultry.

Use for cattle

Feeding this product can also significantly increase productivity. For cows, you should choose flour made from poultry or pork. A product containing cattle bones and muscle tissue may contain the causative agent of such an unpleasant cow disease as spongiform encephalopathy.

Since cows are herbivores, they often simply refuse to eat meat and bone meal. In this case, the product is mixed with bran or concentrates with a gradual increase in dose. Over the course of a few days, the amount of flour consumed by cattle should be increased to 10-100 g per head. MRS are given no more than 20 g per day.

Flour in the diet of other animals

In small quantities, this product, which is a source of protein, vitamins and minerals, can be given to other types of farm animals and poultry: ducks, geese, rabbits, guinea fowl, turkeys, etc. In this case, the share of flour in the total amount of feed is usually no more than 5-10%.

It would be entirely justified to use a product such as meat and bone meal for dogs (no more than 100 g per day). This allows you to save a little on this product. In this case, this product acts as a meat substitute.

Previously, owners of four-legged friends used flour for feeding quite often. However, recently a lot of modern, balanced protein, vitamin and mineral supplements, intended specifically for these animals. Therefore, meat and bone meal for dogs is this moment used quite rarely. Pet lovers view it more as a budget option for complementary feeding.

Composition of a quality product

Real meat and bone meal, the use of which is justified when breeding almost all types of farm animals, has a balanced composition regulated by certain veterinary standards. It should contain at least 30-50% protein. The flour contains the following substances:

Muscular and This is the main ingredient of the product.
Fat. It should not contain too much (no more than 13-20% depending on the variety).
Ash in the amount of 26-38%.
Water. It should also not be too much (no more than 7%).

In addition, the flour may contain waste from the meat processing industry such as stomachs, thyroid and ovaries, spinal cord and brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, etc. The quality and composition of meat and bone meal is regulated by GOST 17536-82. Information about compliance with it must be provided on the packaging.

Other substances

A small percentage of metal-magnetic impurities (particles up to 2 mm in size) is allowed in flour. There should be no more than 150-200 g per ton of product. Among other things, meat and bone meal, the use of which allows you to save on feed, contains substances that stimulate metabolism in the body of animals. First of all, these are adenosine triphosphoric and glutamic acids. If the latter is deficient, for example, chickens may develop growth depression.

Some other substances contained in flour also stimulate the development of poultry or animals. These include, for example, carnitine, seratonin, thyroxine, etc.

How to store

Meat and bone meal, the instructions for use of which were given above, is a product containing a large amount of protein and fat. Therefore, it must be stored correctly. Otherwise, at best it will be useless, at worst it will negatively affect the health of animals or birds. Very an important condition Preservation of the beneficial properties of flour is compliance with the rules of its storage. Bags of this product should be kept in a dry, ventilated area. Contact with water or sunlight is not allowed.

The air temperature in the utility room or warehouse should not exceed + 30 degrees. Under no circumstances should the product be allowed to overheat, otherwise the fat contained in it will begin to decompose and release a toxic substance - acroline aldehyde.

Of course, you cannot feed expired products to animals and poultry. The permissible storage time for meat and bone meal is indicated on the packaging. Usually it is no more than one year.

As you can see, meat and bone meal is a truly healthy product and truly irreplaceable in animal husbandry. Including it in the diet can increase the productivity of cows, sheep, pigs, chickens, etc., as well as stimulate weight gain and growth. But you can achieve good results, of course, only by choosing a quality product and using it correctly.