Microbial bacteria on the skin folk remedies. Microbial eczema: causes, symptoms, treatment tactics. Main symptoms of infectious dermatitis

According to statistics, eczema occupies a leading position in the list of various skin diseases. She accounts for about 40% of calls for skin diseases. Doctors diagnose microbial eczema in 12-25% of cases of requests for eczematous skin lesions.

Unlike true or occupational eczema, microbial eczema develops against the background of existing diseases, and not as a result of ordinary contact with an allergen that causes an inadequate immune response with activation of lymphocytes. For its development, the presence of lesions on the skin in the form of scratches, abrasions, cuts, trophic ulcers, mycoses (fungal infections), purulent wounds, eczematous lesions of an allergic nature.

Foci of chronic infection can be located both outside (exogenous eczema) and inside the body (endogenous pathology). In the second case, we are talking about odontogenic infections localized in the head and neck area, inflammatory pathologies of the ENT organs, digestive and genitourinary systems.

Causes of microbial eczema

As we have already understood, the occurrence of microbial eczema against the background of recurrent skin diseases is facilitated by malfunctions of the immune system. In other words, further development The bacterial-inflammatory process is promoted by reduced immunity.

But on the other hand, a decrease in immunity also does not happen in a vacuum. Malfunctions of the immune system (autoimmune reactions) and weakening of the body's defenses are primarily caused by bacterial and viral agents. Frequently repeated viral diseases, the chronic course of bacterial and fungal pathologies negatively affect the state of the immune system, which simply does not have time to rest and gain strength. Depletion of the immune system leads to malfunctions in its functioning.

Disorders of the central nervous system and pathologies of the brain, as the main regulatory organ of the human body, can also cause disruptions in the functioning of the immune system, leading to the development of eczematous skin reactions. Diseases can also contribute to the development of microbial eczema internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.

Eczema is one of the manifestations of allergies that develop as a result of inadequate functioning of the immune system, when the latter reacts too actively to certain irritants. Which means allergic reactions may well cause the development of various types of pathology, both primary and secondary, such as microbial eczema.

Operational disruptions endocrine system lead to metabolic disorders and hormonal fluctuations, which also confuses the immune system, which instantly reacts to any changes in the body.

In some cases, the influence of a hereditary factor can also be noted. Inadequate functioning of the immune system may be due to gene mutations that are passed on from generation to generation, or pathologies of fetal development in the prenatal period. By the way, the human immune system develops up to 15 years, which means the impact negative factors in childhood can lead to disruption of the immune system in adults.

Microbial eczema can develop against the background of existing bacterial and fungal skin lesions, long time non-healing wounds, varicose veins of the superficial veins with disruption of blood flow in them (stagnation in the vessels of the skin sometimes leads to the development of varicose eczema).

Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of bacterial-inflammatory skin pathology may include:

• insufficient skin hygiene,
• emotional lability and frequent stress,
• chronic diseases,
• frequent cases of infectious diseases,
• increased radiation or pollution environment,
• violation of the integrity of the skin during cosmetic procedures and insufficient care for it (for example, microbial eczema can develop against the background of a post-traumatic form of eczematous skin lesions, which is caused by damage to the skin during a tattoo).

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of eczema, including microbial eczema, is based on an inadequate response to antigens entering the body from the outside or forming inside it. Antigens that cause various allergic reactions in the form of rash, itching, swelling and redness of the tissues that we see with eczema are usually called allergens. However, not all antigens (and not always) can cause an allergic inflammatory response.

Most often, the development of microbial eczema is observed against the background of streptococcal or staphylococcal infection, as well as skin lesions by fungi. However, the influence of other pathogens of various inflammatory pathologies cannot be excluded.

The mechanism of development of the inflammatory reaction is based on increased secretion of prostaglandins produced from fatty acids and are mediators of inflammation, increasing the production of histamine and serotonin and suppressing cellular immune responses. As a result, an inflammatory process develops in the tissues of the body, in which the permeability of the vascular walls increases and intercellular edema is formed (in this case, the dermis and epidermis).

It aggravates and perpetuates the incorrect reaction of the immune system of the central nervous system, in the functioning of which certain disruptions have also been observed in patients with microbial eczema, affecting the processes of cellular nutrition (tissue trophism).

It is quite difficult to name a specific reason for the development of endogenous eczema, as well as to explain why an allergic reaction to internal pathogens has external manifestations. However, scientists can answer with great confidence the question that worries many: is microbial eczema contagious? No, it is not contagious, since it is of an allergic nature, which means it cannot be transmitted by contact. Only bacteria can be passed on to others, but not the body’s reaction to them. Further, everything depends on the state of immunity of the person who comes into contact with the patient.

Symptoms of microbial eczema

Microbial eczema is one of the types of eczematous skin lesions, which means it is characterized by the symptoms observed during the development of this pathology: rash, itching, peeling, swelling of the skin. But these symptoms are characteristic of many skin diseases, including those of an allergic nature. How to recognize microbial. Eczema according to its external manifestations.

The first signs of microbial eczema are erythema (severe redness of the skin due to excess blood flow into the capillaries) with clearly defined boundaries, swelling of the tissues of the affected area and the appearance of papular rashes on them. After some time, the skin at the site of redness begins to crack, and bubbles with serous contents appear in place of the papules. After a few days, yellowish-green crusts form at the site of the lesion.

All this resembles the development of dermatitis, which is essentially microbial eczema.

Characteristic feature Most types of microbial eczema are asymmetrical lesions. And they themselves most often have an irregular shape. Around the source of inflammation, you can observe a kind of border formed by exfoliated areas of the upper layer of skin. Along the edge of the affected area there are pustules with purulent contents, which, after opening, form yellowish dense crusts.

After removing the crusts, a certain amount of pus is found underneath them. If you remove the pus, you can see a glossy surface of bluish-red or burgundy color, on which there is noticeable weeping with areas of microscopic hemorrhages.

Another important feature of microbial eczema, which distinguishes it from the true form of the disease, is the polymorphism of rashes with a predominance of purulent elements.

Most often, microbial eczema affects the upper and lower extremities, which are most susceptible to injury; its foci can also be seen on the face or in the nipple area in women.

Microbial eczema on the hands most often forms in the area of ​​the hand and fingers. There is eczema of the hands, fingers and interdigital space with localization of lesions in the locations of skin folds in the corresponding area of ​​the hand.

Less commonly, eczematous rashes can be seen on the wrists, forearms, and elbows.

Microbial eczema on the legs is similar in its manifestations to infectious dermatitis on the hands. Favorite sites of the disease are the feet, legs and knees - the places most susceptible to injury with damage to the integrity of the skin.

Microbial eczema on the face is most often localized on the cheeks and chin area. The disease in the vast majority of cases is endogenous in nature, since its cause is considered to be an exacerbation of chronic infections within the body.

Microbial eczema in children

In childhood, microbial eczema is a fairly common disease. High physical activity against the background of minimal risk analysis leads to frequent episodes of injuries with skin damage. In addition, the delicate baby skin is very attractive to various types of blood-sucking insects, which leave itchy marks on the baby’s body.

Due to the imperfection of the immune system, microbial eczema in a child develops much more often than in an adult. This is facilitated by insufficient hygiene of hands and damaged areas. Children tend to scratch bites and healing itchy scratches, while their hands and nails are not sterile, which means they are a source of bacterial infection.

The immune system reacts to an external infectious factor by developing an inflammatory reaction with the formation of hyperemia and tissue edema, as well as purulent rashes, which are subsequently covered with localized crusts with a clearly defined border.

At a younger age, the disease is rarely endogenous. However, frequent infectious pathologies in childhood can cause weakened immunity and the development of endogenous or exogenous microbial eczema in adulthood.

Stages

Like any eczematous skin lesion, microbial eczema has several stages of process development:

• Stage 1 (the onset of the disease or erythematous eczema) is characterized by redness of a limited area of ​​the skin and the appearance of itching.
• Stage 2 (development of the disease or papulovesicular stage) is marked by the appearance of edema and rashes (papules) in hyperemic areas, which fill with fluid over time.
• Stage 3 (the height of the disease or weeping eczema): spontaneous opening of the vesicles with the release of serous contents, while in place of the papules there remain depressions in which pus accumulates.
• Stage 4 (attenuation of the disease or dry eczema) is observed after the inflamed area becomes covered with a yellow-green or grayish-yellow dry crust.

The development of the disease, especially of an endogenous nature, at any stage may be accompanied by the appearance of new lesions.

There are also acute and chronic courses of the disease.

Acute microbial eczema– a disease that lasts no more than 3 months. Foci of inflammation are distinguished by a bright, rich bluish-red hue, constant release of moisture and severe itching.

If the pathology does not go away within six months, they speak of the subacute stage of the disease (from 4 to 6 months inclusive). In this case, the affected area has a less saturated color, a denser structure and constantly peels off.

Chronic microbial eczema has a longer duration. Diseases are characteristic periods of remission and exacerbations. During remission, damaged skin is practically no different in color from healthy skin, but has a denser structure due to pathological changes in the epidermis. During exacerbations, symptoms of acute eczema can be observed.

Forms

Microbial eczema usually manifests itself in the form of individual rashes, but sometimes its foci occupy a fairly large area. This is typical for the endogenous form of the disease against the background of significantly reduced immunity and predisposition to allergic reactions.

Common microbial eczema is a chronic pathology, which is characterized by a reduction in time intervals between periods of exacerbations and the occurrence of multiple foci of inflammation covering a large area of ​​the skin. At the same time, the treatment is forms of the disease is quite difficult.

Microbial eczema in relation to the pathogen can be divided into bacterial and mycotic. The causative agent of mycotic eczema is considered to be a fungal infection, most often bacteria from the genus Candida. The location of mycotic eczema is usually the feet and toes in the area of ​​the nail plate.

According to the nature of the bacterial-inflammatory process on the skin, microbial eczema can be:

• Numular (also known as plaque or coin-shaped form of pathology),
• post-traumatic,
• varicose,
• sycosiform,
• localized in the nipple area (nipple eczema),
• and as a separate subtype, dyshidrotic eczema (Eczematous dermatitis).

Numular microbial eczema- This is the formation of round-shaped lesions on the skin. The lesions are small in size (about 3 mm), distinguished by their bright color and yellow purulent crusts. The favorite place for localization is the hands.

Post-traumatic eczema is the development of a purulent-inflammatory process around areas of the skin damaged due to trauma (cut, scratch, wound, bite, burn). The process of tissue restoration in this form of pathology is very slow.

Varicose eczema occurs due to impaired blood flow in the capillaries of the skin. Stagnation in the tissues causes the formation of deep, small-sized wounds (trophic ulcers), around which an eczematous lesion forms if a bacterial infection enters the wound against a background of weakened immunity. The location of irregularly shaped lesions is the lower extremities.

Sycosiform eczema is a purulent-bacterial process that occurs against the background of inflammation of the hair follicles, which develops in the area of ​​the scalp of the body (mustache, beard, armpits, groin area), and is subsequently extended to other areas. The affected areas are characterized by severe weeping and deep color.

Nipple eczema affects mainly women during lactation. The cause of the development of microbial eczema in this case is trauma to the breast when feeding the baby against the background insufficient hygiene this part of the body. It may also occur in patients with scabies. The lesions have a bright color and a dense structure, and are prone to cracking.

Dyshidrotic eczema with a microbial component– this is the appearance on the lower part of the arms and legs (soles, palms, fingers) of vesicular rashes, the main cause of which is considered to be malfunction of the sweat glands, metabolic disorders in the body, decreased immunity, and a predisposition to allergies. It is against this background that exposure to a bacterial infection leads to the development of eczematous skin lesions.

Severely itchy elements of inflammation (both single and groups) originate deep in the skin, gradually rising above its surface. When mechanically acting on the elements of inflammation, there is a strong pain syndrome. The disease is characterized chronic course.

Complications and consequences

Despite the fact that microbial eczema is not considered a severe and contagious disease, its consequences and complications are not at all as harmless as one might think. At the same time, the disease gives complications both in the absence of treatment and in the wrong approach to therapy, for example, self-medication. Still, a bacterial infection with the development of a purulent-inflammatory process carries the danger not only of further spread of the infection covering large areas (common microbial eczema), but also of the possibility of developing a generalized infection that affects the deep layers of the skin.

The appearance of multiple lesions is fraught with an increased likelihood of contracting viral pathologies. For example, the herpes virus, which affects the skin on different areas depending on the type of virus, can cause serious health pathologies: chickenpox, having a severe course in adulthood, herpes zoster, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus infection, eczema herpetiformis, known for its high mortality rate. Herpetic skin lesions can be localized in the face, neck, genitals and anus, which creates additional inconvenience due to appearance patient and painful sensations during meals and physiological needs.

And how many unpleasant moments the disease itself brings. Unattractive spots on the skin with painful itching during periods of exacerbation cause certain physical and emotional discomfort. Hostility on the part of other people, caused by an erroneous opinion about the contagiousness of the disease, often becomes the cause of nervous breakdowns and insomnia, provoking problems in professional and personal life.

Advanced forms of the disease and delayed treatment cause the formation of unsightly scars on the skin.

Diagnosis of microbial eczema

If various rashes and itching appear on the skin, it is first recommended to visit a dermatologist before taking any measures to solve the problem. First, you need to establish an accurate diagnosis and identify the cause of pathological changes in the skin, and only a specialist doctor can do this.

An external examination of the condition of the patient’s skin, lesions and their localization, a study of the patient’s history and complaints allow the doctor to assume eczematous skin lesions based on symptoms such as swelling and hyperemia of the skin, itching skin rash, the appearance of crusts at the site of purulent ulcerations, etc. However, only special laboratory and instrumental studies can confirm the diagnosis of microbial eczema.

Material for research is obtained by scraping the skin from the affected area. During this process, the doctor examines the surface of the tissue under the crust for the presence of a weeping area and hemorrhages.

After this, instrumental diagnostics of the resulting material is carried out using a sensitive microscope. Using scraping microscopy, fungal (mycotic) pathogens are identified. Bacterial infection is determined by immersing the material taken during scraping in a nutrient medium. It is very important not only to identify the disease itself, but also to accurately determine its causative agent in order to prescribe effective antimicrobial or antifungal drugs.

If the deep layers of the skin are affected, the doctor prescribes a histological examination. The biopsy is taken from the deepest layers of the affected area. Its study helps to establish the severity of the inflammatory process, the presence of foreign components in the infiltrate, for example, plasma cells that produce antibodies.

If microbial eczema is not treated, there is a high probability of it turning into true eczema. If a change in the nature of the pathology is suspected, the doctor prescribes tests (usually CBC) for eosinophils, immunoglobulin E, and the level of T-lymphocytes.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis carried out between microbial and other varieties of eczema, as well as with other skin pathologies with similar symptoms (various types of dermatitis, psoriasis, as well as allergies, which in their symptoms resemble the onset of eczematous pathologies).

Treatment of microbial eczema

Since advanced microbial eczema tends to easily turn into true eczema, and also has other unpleasant consequences, its treatment should begin immediately after the first signs of the disease appear. Since in illness it comes to the fore allergic factor, which is no longer possible to get rid of, the treatment of microbial eczema consists of alleviating the patient’s condition and stopping relapses of the inflammatory process on the skin.

In order for the treatment to be successful, it is necessary to treat not only the external foci of the disease, but also the pathologies that caused microbial eczema.

An integrated approach to the treatment of bacterial inflammatory disease includes local treatment, systemic and physical therapy, proper nutrition.

Drug therapy

Drugs for the treatment of microbial eczema can be divided into 2 groups:

• external means for removing external manifestations of the disease,
• means for internal use as part of systemic therapy.

External remedies for local treatment of skin diseases:

• antiseptic solutions for treating damaged surfaces and compresses ( boric acid 2% solution, resorcinol 1% solution, diamond solution green, lead water),
• ointments with a drying effect (zinc, ichthyol, naphthalan ointment),
• ointments with an antibiotic (“Bactroban” - ointment with an antibiotic, “Drapolen” and “Dettol” - antiseptic creams with antibacterial effect, erythromycin, tetracycline and other ointments),
• external agents for the treatment of fungal skin lesions (ointments “Exoderil”, “Loceril”, etc.) in the case of a mycotic form of the disease,
• non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs (“Radevit”, “Eplan”, “Fenistil”, “Gistan”, etc.),
• anti-inflammatory ointments and sprays containing corticosteroids are used in cases of widespread eczema affecting a large area of ​​the body (Advantan, Lokoid, Celestodarm, etc.),
• for extensive pathologies during remission - drugs that inhibit the synthesis of calcineurin (Pimecrolimus, Tacrolimus).

Medicines for systemic therapy:

• antiallergic (antihistamine) drugs (“Diazolin”, “Zirtek”, “Suprastin”, “Lomilan”, “Loratodine”) for removing painful symptoms allergies such as skin rash, itching, inflammatory manifestations. Doctors may prescribe solutions of calcium chloride and sodium thiosulfate intravenously.
• immunomodulator drugs to reduce the activity of the immune system,
• oral antimicrobial agents (antibiotics wide range actions for microbial eczema fight possible bacterial pathogens): “Ampicillin”, “Ofloxacin”, “Doxycycline”, “Ciprofloxacin”, as well as “Cefazolin” in the form of intramuscular injections
• antifungal drugs (“Fluconazole”, “Futsis”, etc.
• sedatives (sedatives) that relieve psycho-emotional stress and allow you to rest peacefully at night (preparations of valerian and motherwort, mild sleeping pills),
• vitamin complexes containing sufficient amounts of vitamins B, E and retinoids,
• corticosteroids (“Prednisolone”, “Dexamethasone”, “Triamcinolone”, etc.) for extensive severe skin lesions,
• cytostatics (“Cyclosporine”, “Methotrexate”) are also prescribed only in case of generalized infection.

Physiotherapeutic treatment includes many methods of physical influence that improve the condition of patients with microbial eczema. The most effective methods are: irradiation of the skin with ultraviolet rays (PUVA therapy as an option), UHF irradiation, laser and magnetic therapy, drug electrophoresis, ozone therapy.

Surgical treatment is prescribed mainly for varicose eczema or to prevent it.

Ointments and oral agents to combat bacterial infection

Since the disease has multiple external manifestations, ointments for microbial eczema are the main therapeutic agents that help significantly alleviate the patient’s condition, relieving inflammation and unpleasant symptoms allergies. And since the disease is still associated with a bacterial infection, there is no way to do without external agents with an antimicrobial effect.

Ointment "Bactroban"- an effective antimicrobial agent for local application based on the antibiotic mupirocin, which does not have cross-resistance with other antibiotics, which makes it possible to use it as part of complex therapy for microbial eczema. The drug is intended for the treatment of staphylococcal and streptococcal infections. It is used in case of development of secondary bacterial pathologies.

Cover the lesions with a thin layer of ointment 3 times a day. For application, use a cotton swab or bandage. The course of treatment is 10 days.

The only contraindication to the use of the ointment is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Side effects are expressed mainly in hypersensitivity reactions with rashes, burning and itching on the skin. Less commonly, the use of ointment can cause nausea, gastralgia, headaches, and systemic allergic reactions.

"Tetracycline"- 3% ointment with an antibiotic of bacteriostatic action, used for infectious purulent pathologies, including microbial eczema. It eliminates the inflammatory process, significantly reduces the activity of pathogenic microflora, and stimulates skin regeneration.

The ointment can be applied to the affected areas several times a day (as prescribed by a doctor). The course of treatment is also determined by the attending physician.

Ointment is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to its components, severe liver dysfunction, low levels of leukocytes, and the presence of a fungal infection. In pediatrics it is used from 8 years of age. During pregnancy, it is used only in the 1st and 2nd trimester.

When used externally, the antibiotic is quite well tolerated. Occasionally, local reactions may occur in the form of burning or itching, skin hyperemia. Systemic reactions can only be observed with long-term use of the drug.

"Erythromycin" in the form of an ointment - a bacteriostatic agent for topical use, which has a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity.

The ointment can be used to treat skin starting from the neonatal period. It can be applied 2-3 times a day. The therapeutic course is usually 6-9 weeks.

It is prescribed to patients in the absence of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Side effects include local allergic reactions and manifestations of the irritating effect of the drug.

In the case of mycotic and mixed forms of microbial eczema, ointment will be effective "Triderm", which contains the corticosteroid betamethasone, an antibiotic from the group of aminoglycosides gentamicin and antifungal agent clotrimazole.

Apply the drug to the affected areas in a thin layer in the morning and evening, without covering with a bandage. The course of treatment is determined by the doctor.

The drug is not prescribed for hypersensitivity to its components, for skin tuberculosis and syphilis, viral infections skin, varicose veins, acne, herpetic skin lesions. Not used in pediatrics.

Side effects rarely manifest themselves in the form of skin irritation at the site of application (itching, burning, dry skin). Systemic disorders are observed when using ointment under bandages, with long-term treatment and with a common form of pathology.

Antibiotics for microbial eczema can be prescribed for both external and systemic use in order to completely eliminate the bacterial factor that maintains inflammation in the lesions. Antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs in this case will not be able to solve the problem on their own.

Depending on the bacterial pathogen and the severity of the pathology, broad-spectrum antibiotics of different groups can be prescribed: penicillins (ampicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline), macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin), cephalosporins (cefazolin) and in severe cases of purulent skin lesions, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin ).

The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics makes it possible to fight not only the causative agent of the disease, but also to prevent the addition of other infections during periods of exacerbation, when the lesions are most sensitive to the influence of pathogenic microorganisms.

Treatment of microbial eczema at home

Since microbial eczema is characterized by a chronic course of the inflammatory process, its treatment is not always justified in a hospital. Hospital treatment may be prescribed during periods of exacerbation with widespread and other severe forms pathology.

Typically, treatment for microbial eczema is carried out at home. After diagnosis and diagnosis, the doctor prescribes appropriate treatment (usually external agents and oral medications), which will need to be taken mainly during periods of exacerbation.

In addition to the above drugs, enterosorbents can be used to treat microbial eczema as an allergic pathology. You can buy them at any pharmacy. The drugs are inexpensive and will not cause harm, but they will help fight the symptoms caused by intoxication of the body due to allergies. Good effect gives the use of activated carbon or the drug "Polysorb".

During the treatment of eczema, certain precautions must be taken. During an exacerbation of the disease, exposure to moisture and sunlight on the affected areas is considered undesirable. Sunbathing during the acute period of illness is prohibited. Do not overheat under any circumstances.

It is necessary to avoid the use of household chemicals due to their negative (allergenic) effect on the body. If you have eczema on your hands, you can wash dishes and do laundry only with protective gloves.

Hygiene products should be gentle, natural if possible, including medicinal plants with soothing and anti-inflammatory properties.

You also need to pay attention to your diet. A diet for microbial eczema involves excluding from the diet foods that can cause allergic reactions, for example, chocolate and tropical fruits (citrus fruits), berries, chicken eggs, and seafood. Dishes should not contain chemical flavorings or dyes. Alcoholic drinks, sweet soda, marinades and pickles, spices and seasonings, and coffee are also excluded.

Nutrition for microbial eczema should be balanced. Lack of eggs can be compensated lean meat, instead of sweets, eat more fruits.

To avoid exacerbations, the diet should contain only foods allowed for microbial eczema. These are fermented milk and low-fat dairy products, fresh, boiled or stewed vegetables, local fruits, light dietary meats, and cereals. Vegetable soups and broths, casseroles made from vegetables and cottage cheese are also useful.

Traditional treatment

Microbial eczema, like other skin diseases, can be treated using effective folk recipes. However, traditional treatment of the disease should be carried out in combination with traditional medication and physiotherapeutic treatment.

Here are a few healthy recipes, which can be successfully used to treat bacterial eczema at home.

1. As a drying agent for weeping eczema of any etiology, it is useful to use the pulp and juice of fresh potatoes. They are used for applications (exposure time 20 minutes) and lotions that help eliminate edema syndrome and stimulate recovery processes in the skin. You can add honey to the potato pulp, which will only enhance the healing effect.
2. Garlic recipes are great for fighting bacterial infections. Garlic can be used both fresh (you can get burned!) or boiled. It is crushed to a pasty state and mixed with honey in equal proportions. It is recommended to apply the mixture to the affected areas three times a day. The exposure time should be discussed with your doctor.

Quite a lot of recipes traditional medicine for the treatment of microbial eczema are based on herbal treatment. Decoctions for lotions and applications can be prepared from pine needles and pine cones (100 g of raw materials per 1 liter of boiling water), fresh leaves walnut(100 g of leaves per ½ liter of boiling water), herbal infusions(may contain calendula, string, yarrow, St. John's wort, nettle, Birch buds, chamomile and other medicinal herbs).

It is also useful to apply fresh elderberry leaves slightly mashed or beaten with a knife to the wounds. Exposure time – 15 minutes.

As internal remedies, you can use infusions of yarrow herb or dandelion roots.

Homeopathic treatment

Homeopathy will also help patients with microbial eczema, the medicines of which are relatively safe and quite effective in treating various types eczematous skin lesions.

Since microbial eczema has a chronic course, and during exacerbation the appearance of weeping wounds is observed, Graphites in the form of granules and ointment will be considered the main drug for homeopathic treatment.

But it is quite possible to reduce the likelihood and frequency of relapses of the disease by adhering to certain rules:

• compliance special diet excluding food allergens,
• treatment of various chronic pathologies, especially of an infectious nature,
• increasing immunity,
• rejection of bad habits,
• maintaining personal hygiene using natural products,
• wearing clothes and underwear strictly made from natural fabrics; synthetics, wool and flannel are prohibited,
• stabilization of psycho-emotional state, exception stressful situations,
• regular holidays at sea during periods of remission,
• for varicose eczema, wearing special stockings or bandaging the legs in the affected area with medicinal bandages,
• regular preventive examinations see a dermatologist (4-6 times a year).

Microbial eczema.

Clinic. More often it occurs as a result of secondary eczematization of foci of pyoderma, mycosis (mycotic eczema), infection of injuries, burns, fistulas (paratraumatic eczema), against the background of trophic disorders in the lower limbs with symptoms of trophic ulcers, lymphostasis (varicose eczema). The lesions are often located asymmetrically, have sharp boundaries, rounded or scalloped outlines, along the periphery of which a collar of exfoliating stratum corneum is often visible. The lesion is represented by juicy erythema with lamellar crusts, after removal of which an intensely weeping surface is revealed, against which bright red small punctate erosions with drops of serous exudate are clearly visible. Microvesicles, small pustules, and seropapules are visible around the main lesion. Allergic rashes (allergides) can occur far from the main focus. A peculiar type of microbial eczema is nummular (coin-shaped) eczema, characterized by the formation of sharply limited round lesions with a diameter of 1.5 to 3 cm or more, bluish-red in color with vesicles, seropapules, weeping, and scales on the surface. lesions are most often localized on the back of the hands and extensor surfaces of the limbs.

Treatment. Carried out by general scheme(see answer 87) with the use of AB (taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora) and sulfonamide drugs in combination with immunomodulators. Specific therapy for microbial eczema is carried out with staphyloanatoxin, antistaphylococcal gamma globulin, and staphylococcal vaccine. In patients with microbial eczema with varicose symptom complex, trophic ulcers, it is recommended to use xanthinol nicotinate, parmidine, trental, diprofen. It is advisable to use dressings with staphylococcal bacteriophage for a short period.

Prevention. Various medical, dietary, sanitary and hygienic and sanitary measures, exclusion from the diet of sick foods that cause allergies. In the prevention of relapse of the disease, certain sanitary and hygienic measures are important: avoiding contact with synthetic laundry and cosmetic products, laundry soap, dyed furs, as well as synthetic products, shoe polish, indoor flowers, etc. Unfortunately, very often, despite Great efforts have been made, but it is not possible to find ways to prevent eczema.

67.Occupational dermatoses. Etiopathogenesis. Professional stigmas. Occupational dermatoses of chemical etiology. Professional melasma. Diagnostics. Types of skin tests.

Occupational skin diseases. Definition. The importance of occupational factors and the body’s reactivity in the development of occupational dermatoses.

Occupational dermatoses are skin diseases caused by occupational factors.

Classification of occupational skin diseases. Professional signs (stigmas).

Classification.

Occupational dermatoses caused by chemical irritants.

1. Caused by obligate stimuli.

   Caused by facultative stimuli.

   Caused by industrial allergens.

   Caused by substances of photodynamic action.

Occupational dermatoses caused by industrial hazards of plant origin.

Occupational diseases caused by physical factors.

Professional signs (stigmas). Stigmas differ from occupational dermatoses in that they do not lead to a decrease in ability to work, but serve as a sign of belonging to a particular profession and develop after prolonged work activity. Professional signs are divided into transient and persistent. Transient ones include staining, calluses, pigmentation, and cracks. Persistent - implantations, scars, telangiectasia, atrophy, burns.

Callus is the most common professional sign, formed as a result of prolonged friction or pressure, has a yellowish color, round or oval shape, dense consistency, is caused by a reactive thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis (hyperkeratosis) and is the result of chronic mechanical dermatitis.

Contamination (deposits, intrusions) is the second most common professional sign. Most professional stains can be easily removed after work is completed. detergents. Pollution from metal dust in combination with mineral oils is highly persistent, as a result of which the skin acquires a persistent dirty gray color.

Coloring is the third most common professional sign. It is the result of the penetration of various dyes into the skin. Hair and nails are also dyed. The durability of the color depends on the depth of penetration of the dye into the skin.

Occupational skin diseases due to exposure to chemicals (epidermitis, non-allergic contact dermatitis, oil folliculitis, occupational ulcerations). Clinic. Treatment. Prevention.

Classification of chemical substances.

Chemical substances with primary irritating effect on the skin:

Obligate skin irritants that cause chemical burns and ulcerations (concentrated organic acids and alkalis, alkali metal salts, blistering agents).

Optional (optional) primary skin irritants:

causing contact dermatitis (weakly concentrated inorganic acids and alkalis, most organic solvents);

causing damage to the follicular apparatus of the skin: lubricating oils, pitch, fuel oil, naphthalene, etc.;

causing toxic melasma (naphthenic hydrocarbons);

causing organic hyperkeratoses and epithelioid growths of the skin (benzathrene, pyrene, chrysene, phenanthrene).

Chemicals with skin sensitizing effects.

Sensitizers that act predominantly by direct contact (chromium, cobalt, nickel, natural and artificial polymers, turpentine).

Sensitizers that act predominantly through non-contact routes (oral, inhalation routes of allergen administration).

Chemical substances that have a photosensitizing effect and cause photodermatitis (some medium and heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, in particular pitch, tar, asphalt, polychloronaphthalene, phenothiazine drugs, in particular aminazine, some sulfonamide drugs).

Clinic. Epidermitis. Occurs upon contact with degreasing substances. It flows easily. Clinically manifested by dryness, fine-plate peeling, and skin cracks.

Simple (non-allegic) contact dermatitis. Swelling of the skin, erythema, then often papular, vesicular or bullous elements, erosion in the contact area. Patients experience itching, burning, and pain in the affected area. The lesions spread along the periphery and quickly regress after cessation of contact with the irritant.

Oily folliculitis. They occur after prolonged contact with kerosene, as well as petroleum and coal oils. Lesions are most often localized on the extensor surfaces of the forearms, thighs, and sometimes on the chest. In this case, comedones in the form of black dots are first formed at the mouths of the hair follicles, which then turn into dense horny or inflammatory acne.

Occupational ulcerations. Occurs on the hands and forearms after prolonged contact with weak stinking solutions inorganic acids and alkalis. When this occurs, the skin gradually becomes degreased, swells, turns red, and becomes covered with cracks. As a result, non-allergic (simple) contact dermatitis develops. Against this background, at the site of skin damage (scratch, puncture, abrasion), round ulcers with a heavily infiltrated edge and a black crust covering their bottom are formed. Particularly severe lesions are caused by chromium compounds. They can cause the formation of ulcers on the mucous membrane of the nasal septum, which often leads to its perforation. After stopping contact with the irritant, skin ulcers heal quickly.

Treatment. In the treatment of epidermitis, nourishing creams with vitamin A and corticosteroid ointments (sinoflan, fluorocort, hyoxizone, oxyzone, etc.) are prescribed. To treat the acute stage of contact dermatitis, cooling, astringent, and anti-inflammatory lotions are used, then ointments and creams containing corticosteroid drugs are applied to the affected area. Treatment of ulcerations is carried out by applying a napkin soaked in carotolin to the inch 1-2 times a day, as well as applying cream and ointment containing vitamin A, corticosteroid hormones, 5-10% methyluracil ointment, cigerol. For the treatment of oil folliculitis, UV irradiation, baths with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:20000), immunotherapy are prescribed, the covers of the pustules are opened, and the lesions are smeared with a solution of aniline dyes.

Prevention. In order to prevent epidermitis, when working with irritants, use cleaning and protective pastes, ointments, and use gloves. Reliable disease prevention is ensured by sealing, mechanization and automation, and robotization of technological processes that use chemical irritants. To prevent simple dermatitis during work, you must use protective rubber gloves, follow safety rules, and after finishing work, apply nourishing creams and ointments to the skin. To prevent ulcerations, it is necessary to exclude contact with the irritant, ensure the sealing of technological equipment, and ensure that workers are provided with personal protective equipment (protective gloves, overalls, cleaning and protective pastes). Prevention of oil folliculitis: workers should take a shower every day, change their work clothes regularly, and wash them regularly; Periodic general ultraviolet irradiation, wiping the skin with a swab soaked in 2% salicylic alcohol, as well as vitamins A, C, B 1 have a preventive effect.

Occupational eczema. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Clinical course. Diagnostics. Treatment. Prevention. VTE.

Etiology. Repeated contact with an occupational allergen.

Pathogenesis. Sensitization of the body occurs at the site of action of the allergen. Initially, the reaction is of the nature of allergic dermatitis, it can resolve when the action of the allergen ceases, but it can become persistent, and its exacerbations can occur not only under the influence of industrial, but also household irritants.

Clinic. At first, the rashes are most often localized on the hands and forearms. Gradually they spread to other areas of the body distant from the place of contact with the irritant. The elements of the rash, as with true eczema, are polymorphic (erythematous spots, papules, vesicles, oozing, crusts that appear on swollen skin, etc.). Occupational eczema has a pronounced tendency to be chronic, accompanied by recurrence of the rash. According to the activity of the process, acute, subacute and chronic courses are distinguished.

Diagnostics. The clinical characteristics of the process (the occurrence of the disease, taking into account the workplace and profession of the sick person) facilitates the diagnosis of the occupational nature of the disease. Information about group lesions (similar in a given patient) in persons performing similar work and coming into contact with the same industrial irritants is very important. Ancillary methods for diagnosing allergic occupational dermatoses include various professional tests such as the leukocyte blast transformation reaction (LBTL), the Fleck leukocyte agglomeration reaction, and basophil degranulation, which allow identifying the presence of sensitization to a suspected allergic chemical. In practical work, skin allergy tests are usually used with those industrial irritants that can cause sensitization of the body.

Treatment. The basis for treating the disease is the fastest and most thorough removal of industrial hazards. To treat the disease, the same methods and medications are used as in the treatment of patients with true eczema (question 87).

Prevention. Avoiding contact with industrial allergens, stopping drinking alcohol and smoking, as well as treating diseases of the internal organs, nervous and endocrine systems.

VTE. With a limited subacute course of occupational eczema, the ability to work is lost for the time necessary to resolve the process (treatment is carried out in a hospital for 23-25 ​​days); During the period of remission of occupational eczema, the ability to work may not be lost.

Occupational skin diseases caused by exposure to physical factors. Clinical course. Treatment. Prevention.

Callosity.

Most often, calluses occur on the skin of the hands, on the tubercles of the ischial bones of cavalrymen. They look like dense (on palpation), yellowish, dirty gray or brown thickenings of the stratum corneum and dermis. Their sizes vary from the size of a pea to a child's palm and larger.

Mechanical dermatitis. It develops in manual workers with prolonged mechanical irritation of the skin, usually on the palmar surfaces of the hands. In this case, redness and swelling occur, and with very strong pressure, blisters (water calluses) may appear. Dermatitis can also occur with traumatic damage to the skin as a result of strong influences on it with tools when working with metal shavings with bare hands. There are industrial microtraumas (scratches, punctures, abrasions, abrasions, burrs, superficial cuts) and deeper skin damage.

Chills. See related question.

Frostbite and burns.

Actinic dermatitis. Unites a group of occupational skin lesions caused by insolation and ionizing radiation. Solar dermatitis occurs after skin is exposed to sunlight. It can be acute or chronic. The skin shows inflammatory erythema, swelling of exposed areas of the body, and the appearance of blisters and blisters. After their tires rupture, erosions form, patients feel a burning sensation in the area, and sometimes pain. With extensive acute sunburn, the general condition may be impaired. The inflammatory process is accompanied by itching and peeling, and begins to regress 12-24 hours after irradiation. The skin of exposed areas gradually becomes hyperpigmented, becomes rougher, and atrophic scars and warty growths may appear. Chronic develops in sailors, workers, and mountaineering instructors as a result of constant exposure to radiation.

Treatment. For the purpose of treatment, mechanical minor injuries are immediately treated with antiseptic solutions. Special treatment is not required if they are not complicated by inflammatory processes or pyoderma. Otherwise, treatment is aimed at treating complications. Heavier mechanical injuries treated by surgeons. The prognosis is favorable. Treatment of the acute form of solar dermatitis includes wiping the lesions with alcohol, vodka, and applying cooling pads to blisters and erosions; in the chronic form, it is recommended to use photoprotective creams and ointments containing corticosteroids and vitamin A.

Prevention. To prevent microtraumas and minor mechanical injuries, mechanization and automation of labor, proper organization of the production process, workplace kept in appropriate condition. In order to prevent purulent complications, timely sanitation of injuries is carried out with a 2% iodine solution or a 1-2% alcohol solution of one or another aniline dye, dibo antiseptic adhesive BF-6, Lifusol. Prevention of solar dermatitis comes down to observing safety precautions when working near a radiation source, creating protective screens, providing workers with glasses, ointments, shields, and creams.

What is microbial eczema? Photos of the disease show numerous lesions on the skin, complicated by infection.

The infectious form is one of the varieties of secondary eczematous dermatitis, which develops in areas of the epidermis affected by fungi, viruses or bacteria. One third of the statistics of dermatological diseases consists of patients who have been diagnosed with microbial eczema.

According to the international classification of diseases, microbial eczema (according to ICD 10) is included in the section of diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

Microbial eczema according to ICD 10 is classified as dermatitis, as well as other types of this disease. In the international register, only the coin-shaped form (L30.1) is indicated as eczema.

Therefore, microbial eczema ICD 10 is coded by doctors as infectious (L30.3) or unspecified dermatitis (L30.9).

Microbial eczema: causes

Skin is the most large organ a person endowed with many functions, one of which is protection from pathogenic microbes.

If the integrity of the skin is compromised, the immune system, with the help of blood cells (phagocytes, platelets, leukocytes), stops the access of microorganisms to the bloodstream, preventing them from penetrating inside. Neutralizes infection that enters the wound during injury.

This mechanism works flawlessly in a person with a healthy immune system in rare and isolated cases of skin damage.

People are in the opposite situation:

1 . With high susceptibility to streptococci and other microorganisms,

2 . Neglecting personal hygiene

3 . With a weakened immune system,

4 . With disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system,

5 . People with high stress load are at risk of developing infectious dermatitis.

Negative factors that constantly affect the body also reduce the barrier function of the epidermis. Therefore, areas of the skin

• With allergic rashes,
• with mycosis (infection fungal infection),
• traumatic, surgical wounds, ulcers or fistulas,
• with veins dilated from varicose veins,

will become an open gate for infection.

A long-term, persistent inflammatory process on the skin caused by pathogenic microorganisms is a dermatological disease called microbial eczema by doctors.

Symptoms of microbial eczema

This disease is multifaceted and unpredictable. The clinical picture depends on the causes, nature and location of inflammation.

A characteristic feature of the diagnosis of chronic microbial eczema is considered to be dual symptoms: on the skin both signs of eczematous dermatitis and symptoms of pustular pathology (pyoderma) caused by streptococci, staphylococci and other pyogenic cocci that come from outside are detected.

Widespread microbial eczema affects a large area. Foci of inflammation are sharply limited, have scalloped or rounded outlines, with exfoliating stratum corneum along the periphery. Erosion is covered with plate-crusts. When they are removed, a wet, continuous surface with drops of serous exudate remains. The droplet nature of weeping and the asymmetry of the rashes are the main differential symptoms in diagnosing the disease.

Based on the clinical picture, causes, and location, the following forms of infectious dermatitis are distinguished:

• microbial plaque eczema,
• post-traumatic,
• varicose,
• sycosiform,
• eczematous dermatitis on the nipples.

Is microbial eczema contagious or not?

This dermatological disease, complicated by infection, is not dangerous to others. Only high contamination of hands with pathogenic microorganisms can cause infection of people with reduced immunity, which is extremely rare. But even in this case, it is not the disease that will be transmitted to others, but the infectious agent (fungus, bacteria, virus).

Therefore, denial will be the only answer to whether microbial eczema is transmitted through objects, handshakes, sexual relations, or by airborne droplets?

Microbial eczema on the hands

Photos of lesions on the hands are often represented by round-shaped foci of inflammation, not exceeding three centimeters in diameter. The plaques have clear, smooth edges and a protruding center with a profusely weeping, bluish-red surface covered with purulent crusts. This is what nummular, coin-shaped or microbial plaque eczema looks like. This type of dermatitis is most often diagnosed on the upper extremities and affects the back of the hands. Sometimes the inflammatory process spreads to the elbows and forearms.

A multifaceted chronic condition complicated by infection and characterized by a persistent course - this is what microbial eczema is. Treatment of the disease is carried out only under the supervision of a dermatologist after diagnosis. The danger of inadequate therapy can lead to serious complications.

The principle of treatment of microbial eczema is based on two mandatory rules:

• Eliminate the root cause of the pathology;
• Buy chronic infection. The following medications are used for this purpose.

If laboratory tests confirm the presence of pathogenic bacteria on the skin, the doctor will definitely prescribe one of the following antibacterial agents:

• Azithromycin,
• Doxycyline,
• Ampicillin,
• Ofloxacin,
• Ciprofloxacin,
• Cefazolin.

When the skin is affected by microbial eczema, antibiotic ointment (Drapolen, Dettol, Bactroban) is prescribed simultaneously with internal antibacterial drugs.

Antiseptic solutions and ointments for microbial eczema

1 . Resorcinol (1% solution), lead water, brilliant green, miramistin, hydrogen peroxide - have proven themselves as lotions for relieving swelling, for weeping and for treating cracks and wounds.

2 . Ichthyol, Naftalan ointment, local preparations containing tar are prescribed for weakly weeping ulcers;

3 . Non-hormonal ointments: Radevit, Fenistil, Gistan, Eplan - heal the integument, have a minimum of contraindications;

4 . Exoderil, Bifanazol, Nystatin ointment, Loceril are ointment preparations recommended for dermatitis with fungal etiology.

5 . Sprays and ointments with corticosteroids Advant, Elokom, Celestoderm, Lokoid are indicated for a large area of ​​damage and are prescribed only by a doctor;

6 . Treatment of infectious dermatitis will not be effective without the patient following general recommendations:

• Avoiding overheating and injury to the affected skin;
• Careful hygiene. Minimizing contact with water of skin with erosions;
• For varicose dermatitis, wear special thick stockings and elastic bandages;
• Plant-protein diet;
• Wearing cotton underwear;

Microbial eczema: treatment with folk remedies

• Recipe No. 1"Herbal infusion for lotions"

Take equal parts of string, nettle, birch buds, calendula (flowers), St. John's wort, yarrow. Brew one large spoon with a glass of boiling water. After a couple of hours, the infusion can be used orally three times a day, a quarter of a glass, and as a lotion on sore spots. Local home treatments have an antiseptic effect. They are held daily for half an hour.

• Recipe No. 2“Compress with black elderberry leaves”

When treating microbial eczema at home, this simple folk remedy achieves a quick positive effect, because the plant is a powerful antiseptic that neutralizes infection.

Washed, mashed or beaten elderberry leaves are applied to the areas of inflammation for a quarter of an hour, covered with film. Procedures are carried out daily until the purulent scales disappear.

Eczema refers to inflammatory diseases of the skin that are not transmitted from person to person, being completely non-contagious. As a rule, eczema is presented in a chronic form with temporary exacerbations.

The medical history of this disease can be hereditary or allergic, and it can develop under the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. Also, the culprits that provoke eczema include neuroendocrine, immunological and psycho-vegetative disorders.

Microbial eczema, the treatment and symptoms of which we will consider today, most often occurs in humans with weakened immune defenses. With a low level of immunity, the body becomes more susceptible to pathogens that enter it.

We are primarily talking about such common pathogens as staphylococci and streptococci.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Why does microbial eczema occur, and what is it? This disease is classified as a secondary pathology, since it develops against the background of an existing disease. Depending on the cause of its appearance, eczema is divided into several types:

1. Sycosiform - observed in people with inflamed hair follicles. Weeping, inflamed, itchy red patches form on the skin. Localized in the chin area, upper lip, armpits, and genitals.
2. Varicose veins - develops on the legs in advanced cases.
3. Nummular - has round-shaped lesions, with a diameter of 1 to 3 cm, with serous-purulent crusts. Most often it appears on the hands.
4. Mitotic - appears when present.
5. Paratraumatic– develops around a long-standing injury, especially long-term non-healing wounds.
6. Nipple eczema - occurs in women during breastfeeding, as well as against the background of scabies. It is characterized by the appearance of red, inflamed spots around the nipple that become very wet.

The appearance of eczema may indicate problems with the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, or problems in the humoral regulation of the body. Also, with the disease, dysgammaglobulinemia, a decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes, and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes are observed. These symptoms mean that the true cause of the disease is immune deficiency.

Risk factors

People at risk include:

• under stress;
• with digestive problems;
• with disorders of the endocrine system;
• with weak immunity;
• with manifestations of allergic diathesis;
• with allergic diseases;
• With low level personal hygiene.

It should be noted that in the pathogenesis and initiation of the disease it is the latter factor that plays a huge role. In most cases, the lesions are localized on the legs and arms due to high sweating and poor hygiene in these places.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of microbial eczema include inflammatory lesion skin, accompanied by various rashes (papules or vesicles), as well as weeping erosion. The rash is usually accompanied by severe itching.

The lesions have large scalloped edges and merge over time, leaving no healthy skin in the affected area. A large number of purulent crusts are concentrated on the surface of the foci of inflammation of microbial eczema.

Improper treatment of microbial eczema or traumatic effects on the affected areas can lead to the appearance of secondary allergic rashes. Such rashes are characterized by polymorphism and are represented by red-edematous spots, vesicles, pustules and papules.

As the process progresses, these rashes merge, forming areas of weeping erosions, and spread to previously healthy areas of the skin. Thus, microbial eczema is transformed into true eczema.

Microbial eczema: photo

We suggest you look at the pictures to see what this disease looks like in the photo.

Treatment of microbial eczema

When microbial eczema is discovered, the main task of treatment involves maintaining the body as a whole, because eczema, as a rule, has a chronic course, so it is very rarely possible to completely get rid of it.

Treatment of microbial eczema on the legs or arms depends on the medical history and the results of the tests performed. It is aimed primarily at treating the underlying pathology and affecting the chronic focus of inflammation.

Depending on the causes of the disease, it is necessary to treat fungal skin lesions, pyoderma, sycosis or other relevant pathology. In the case of varicose microbial eczema, treatment includes taking medications to improve blood circulation.

1. Careful personal hygiene, but avoiding prolonged contact with water of skin areas with microbial eczema.
2. Avoiding overheating of the body, as well as injury to the affected area.
3. Elimination of foci of chronic infection.
4. Wearing underwear made from natural fabrics.
5. The diet is predominantly dairy-vegetable, supplemented with meat dishes, cereals, and fruits, with the exception of citrus fruits. Limit intake of liquids, alcohol, canned and spicy foods.
6. For varicose forms of microbial eczema, wear thick rubber stockings or bandage your legs, treat varicose veins.

In addition, treatment includes taking, sedatives, antiseptic and antibacterial agents.

Local therapy

At home, you can use local treatment for microbial eczema on the hands or feet, it is as follows:

1. Lotions are made from lead water, as well as a 1% resorcinol solution, treated with Castellani liquid.
2. When eczema is caused by a bacterial pathogen, ointments containing antibiotics are used, for example, Bactroban, Dettol.
3. If the areas of inflammation have minor weeping spots, medications containing tar and naphthalene ointment are used.
4. In the case of a fungal pathogen, antifungal ointments are used, for example, Exoderil, Lotseril.

In more severe forms of the disease, it is necessary to use conventional therapy using hydrocortisone ointment and glucocorticosteroids, which will help you stop the relapse. In certain cases, such methods of taking these drugs are used continuously with additional supporting vitamin B and C intramuscularly.

After removal acute phase and stopping the process, irradiation should be applied to the affected area of ​​the skin with therapeutic ultraviolet light. To consolidate the success of the treatment, therapeutic mud is used. The skin should be protected from exposure to frost, snow, sun, rain, and also covered with aseptic dressings.

Microbial eczema is one of the most common skin ailments, resulting in most cases from a predominant disease of a bacterial or fungal nature. Characteristic feature of this type dermatitis can be called pyoderma. While for other skin pathologies this condition is considered serious complication. Many people are wary of people with microbial eczema, believing that the disease is transmissible and extremely dangerous because it cannot be treated.

What is known about the factors that provoke the disease?

Scientists still cannot give an exact, intelligible answer as to why microbial eczema is so common among people. The causes of the pathology are often explained by psycho-emotional disorders, as well as problems in the functioning of the endocrine system. Disturbances in the processes of neurotrophic regulation arise due to the negative impact thyroid gland for the work of the central nervous system.

In simple words accessible to the general public, when the body’s defenses are weakened barrier functions the skin also begins to malfunction. Providing complete protection against the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, as one of the main tasks of the epidermis, becomes impossible to sufficiently. To pathogenic microbes do not enter the bloodstream in case of skin damage, leukocytes, platelets and phagocytes enter the battle with the infection. With normal immunity, these blood cells actively eliminate danger, preventing penetration harmful bacteria inside. Otherwise, when the integrity of the epidermis is violated, microbial eczema develops.

The trigger for the occurrence of disease on the arms or legs can be several factors. The etiology of microbial eczema is often determined among the following, most likely causes:

• high level of susceptibility to streptococci;
• chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• disturbances in the functioning of the glands of the endocrine system;
• the occurrence of frequent stressful situations;
• ignoring the rules of personal hygiene;
• damage to skin areas due to various factors(manifestation of mycoses, open wounds, fistulas, varicose veins etc.).

Forms of the disease

This disease most often represents a chronic skin pathology, with periodic exacerbations and short-term remission. The inflammation, which sometimes reaches the papillary dermis, is extremely severe. Microbial eczema, unlike other types of dermatitis, is common and is often diagnosed in patients of different ages. At the same time, the manifestations of the disease, the localization and degree of complication of the rashes are determined in patients by the evolution of the inflammatory process.

There are three main forms of eczema of bacterial origin:

1. Spicy. It is characterized by skin erythema, swelling and the formation of papules. Next, the inflamed dermis cracks, and the opening of the vesicles is followed by the release of a serous secretion. After a few days, crusts form.
2. Subacute. Represents subsequent thickening of the skin, accompanied by erythema. This stage of the disease is characterized by pigmentation disorders and scales forming.
3. Chronic. During this period, persistent hyperemia of partially recovered skin areas is noted. IN individual cases hyper- or hypopigmentation may be clearly expressed.

As a rule, the lack of proper therapy at the first sharp wave the disease contributes to the occurrence of immune abnormalities, and as a result, the development of irreversible changes in the epidermis at the cellular level. An increase in individual skin sensitivity to the effects of external irritants that provoke the progression of the disease also becomes inevitable.

The main phases of the course of microbial eczema

As already mentioned, bacterial eczema (or microbial) is a long-term inflammatory process on open fragments of the skin.

The first signs of the disease make themselves felt at the erythematous stage of the disease.

• At the first stage, a patient with microbial eczema may feel only slight redness of the skin, mild itching with rapidly increasing intensity. First phase skin pathology, as a rule, does not present significant discomfort to the patient.
• At the second stage of microbial eczema, which is called papulovesicular, blistering rashes characteristic of this type of dermatitis appear. Each vesicle is filled with serous fluid. This stage of the disease can be painful and uncomfortable for the patient.
• Third stage. Vesicles are eczematous blisters that begin to burst a few days after their appearance. This process can determine the transition to next stage eczema - weeping on the skin. Serous foci of pathology have an unpleasant appearance; moreover, it is visually quite difficult to determine the exact boundaries of epidermal lesions on the arms and legs.
• The weeping should disappear at the next stage of microbial eczema. All serous wells begin to become covered with a crust that has a dirty yellow-gray tint. The absence of exudate and drying of the affected skin areas indicates the onset of remission. However, along with it, in absolutely healthy places there is always the possibility of new foci of eczema appearing.

Treatment and symptoms of eczematous manifestations on the legs

Microbial eczema on the legs is diagnosed much more often than the same type of dermatitis on the hands, or even less often on the neck and face. Confirm the diagnosis to rule out dermatological diseases, having similar clinical manifestations, only a doctor can. The patient must urgently seek specialized assistance if the following symptoms of the disease appear:

• the appearance of serous purulent papules on the lower extremities;
• rapid growth of weeping erosions on the foot, lower leg, and calves;
• scalloped edges of skin lesions;
• slight flaking combined with severe itching.

For microbial eczema on the legs, the dermatologist usually prescribes complex treatment, which is preceded by establishing the exact causes and the patient undergoing a laboratory examination. As a rule, therapy for infectious eczema on the lower extremities consists of:

1. External treatment with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory ointments, creams of hormonal and non-hormonal nature.
2. Taking oral antimicrobial medications.
3. Intravenous injections.

For effective therapy and achieving quick results, the treatment of microbial eczema must be accompanied by unquestioning adherence to the rules of hygiene. In cases profuse sweating an optimal environment for the active proliferation of pathogenic microbes arises.

Features of bacterial eczema on the hands

On the hands, eczematous lesions occur on the hand, fingers and interdigital areas of the skin. Often the rashes affect the epidermis area on back side palms. In advanced cases, the vesicles spread to the elbows or forearms.

Foci of inflammation have a round shape, their diameter rarely reaches more than 3 cm. Each plaque has smooth edges, and in its center it is easy to notice a bluish-red weeping, gradually becoming covered with a serous-purulent crust. Quite often, at the beginning of the development of microbial eczema on the hands, it is mistakenly confused with manifestations of scabies. The disease can be recognized by the formation of small cracks in the skin of the hands, which leads to damage to the epidermis layer and the release of exudate.

Patients with bacterial eczema have a constant feeling of moisture on the surface of the skin on the palms. Swelling prevents full movement of the limbs. It becomes impossible to clench your fingers into a fist due to the pain, reminiscent of a burn. In severe cases, detachment of the nail plates occurs, and the feeling of burning and itching in patients with eczema causes a lot of discomfort, interfering with an active lifestyle, rest and sleep.

Therapy for microbial eczema on the hands follows a similar therapeutic regimen. Main feature course of the disease in these areas of the skin there is a high probability of secondary infection in the patient due to slow healing deep skin damage. Dysfunctions of the body's defense systems, which are the primary causes of the development of the disease, serve as the main indication for the use of not only symptomatic treatment of microbial eczema, but also powerful stimulation of the patient's immunity.

In addition, therapy for eczematous manifestations on the hands should be accompanied by compliance with basic hygiene rules. As much as possible, especially during the period of exacerbation of the disease, contact with household chemicals, varnishes, other irritants and allergens on the surface of the skin should be avoided. Extremities should be kept warm at all times, and hands should not be exposed to hypothermia, wetness or chapping. A sudden change in temperature can also have a negative impact.

It is often impossible to completely isolate the epidermis from contact with the external environment, but if there is the slightest threat of a secondary infection, the skin should be treated with disinfectants. During the acute course of the disease, it is better to avoid wearing jewelry.

Microbial eczema: degree of danger to others

It is not surprising that even the patient’s relatives react to the external manifestations of the disease with hostility. Visually, serous vesicles and purulent oozing do not present a very pleasant picture. Whether microbial eczema is transmitted by contact or not, every person should know so that, when faced with a problem one on one, they can protect themselves from infection.

In fact, infectious eczema is not at all dangerous to others. Only pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, it is not eczema that will spread to people in contact with the patient, but its bacteriological, fungal or viral agent.

Regardless of the form of contact (airborne, sexual, direct, household, etc.), in any case, there is no need to worry about whether microbial eczema is contagious or not.

Therapy for microbial eczema

As already briefly mentioned, treatment of the disease for any localization of eczematous vesicles requires an integrated approach. In addition to external and internal medicines, an important role is played by healthy nutrition and personal hygiene.

Use of external treatments

Local treatment of foci of bacterial eczema is performed using various ointments and creams. The most common, due to their high efficiency, are the following groups of external drugs:

1. Ointments based on zinc, ichthyol or medical tar. They affect the affected areas of the skin, providing an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect, and help accelerate the regeneration processes of epidermal cells.
2. Antibacterial ointments (Drapolen, Dettol). Drugs of this spectrum are prescribed if the exact pathogen is determined. Can only be used after medical advice.
3. Antifungal creams (Loceril, Exoderil, Bifonazole). To eliminate the fungus, the course of application of drugs can be more than 2 months. In addition to the antifungal components contained in the products, there are elements whose action is aimed at accelerating recovery.
4. Non-hormonal ointments (Eplan, Losterin, Radevit). Effective drugs that actively fight microbial eczema can be prescribed by a specialist. Good results are demonstrated on early stages diseases, however, the use of non-hormonal ointments in complex clinical cases usually does not give results.
5. Hormonal ointments (Elocom, Advantan, Celestoderm). They have the highest possible effectiveness in the fight against dermatitis. A lot of contraindications and side effects are a consequence of the fact that hormonal ointments are prescribed in exceptional advanced cases.

Treatment of microbial eczema with ointments is an indispensable component of the entire complex of therapy. A doctor should select an ointment for microbial eczema. Self-medication in this case is fraught with, at a minimum, a lack of results, and at a maximum, the development of complications.

What tablets can be prescribed for microbial eczema?

Systematic drug therapy for microbial eczema is as important as the use of ointments and creams. In cases where the disease is accompanied by a bacterial infection, antibiotics cannot be avoided. Often the doctor prescribes the following pills:

• Ofloxacin;
• Ampicillin;
• Azithromycin;
• Cefazolin.

In parallel with antifungal creams, the patient must undergo an antimycotic course of treatment for microbial eczema. In later stages of the disease, corticosteroids and cytostatics are indispensable, having the following trade names:

• Prednisolone;
• Triamcinolone;
• Cyclosporine.

Antiallergic drugs will help eliminate unpleasant symptoms and relieve inflammation. Sedative tablets are prescribed to the patient for sleep disorders and neuroses caused by the course of the disease. To strengthen the immune system, the patient is prescribed vitamin-mineral complexes and interferon-containing drugs.

Traditional recipes to help treat dermatitis

Treatment of microbial eczema at home is not excluded, but you should not count on the fact that folk recipes will help eliminate the pathology. As symptomatic therapy natural remedies can eliminate inflammation, itching and reduce irritation. The most popular recipes traditional methods Treatments for microbial eczema are presented below:

1. Lotions based on walnut decoction. For two weeks, you need to use a product that requires 100 g of shell and 0.5 liters of cold water. Pour in the nut waste, place the container on low heat and cook for at least 15 minutes. When cooled, use as a lotion.
2. Applications from pine infusion. It is not difficult to prepare a homemade medicine; you will need about 100 g of pine, spruce, fir or other coniferous plant needles. Pour 1 liter of boiling water over the prepared raw materials and set aside for an hour. Applying to the affected area of ​​skin for 15-20 minutes several times during the day, apply using sterile wipes soaked in the product.