What to do if the child drank vasoconstrictor drops. Overdose of Naphthyzine in children. The clinical picture of overdose and the degree of poisoning

Nazivin is liquid solution clinically related - pharmacological group decongestant, vasoconstrictor drugs for local (nasal) use.

Active substance(oxymetazoline) helps relieve nasal congestion by making breathing easier. The advantage of the drug is the lack of absorption into the bloodstream, systemic effects.

Oxymetazoline - the main active ingredient - is an imidazoline derivative, belongs to the stimulants of alpha-adrenergic receptors located in the vascular layer of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses.

Local use of the drug contributes to the narrowing blood vessels, due to which the swelling of the mucous membrane is eliminated. As a result, breathing is facilitated with rhinitis, sinusitis and other diseases due to the opening, expansion of the excretory canals of the paranasal sinuses, nasal cavities, and Eustachian tubes. A similar mechanism stimulates the drainage function, which significantly reduces the likelihood of developing complications of a bacterial nature.

Oxymetazoline has an antiviral effect. The active substance suppresses the activity of pathogenic viruses that are pathogens colds, runny nose.

Forms of release and chemical composition

The drug is presented in the form of nasal drops or spray various dosages- for adults and children. A clear solution either has no color at all, or is colored in a faint yellowish tint.

The following are used as auxiliary components:

citric acid monohydrate;
sodium citrate dihydrate;
benzalkonium chloride;
glycerol;
purified water.

Drops are supplied in a glass or plastic bottle with a molded or separate pipette. Spray - in a plastic container with a mechanical spray.

The drug is dispensed without a prescription in the form of nasal drops of 5, 10 ml, as well as a spray in a 10 ml bottle.

Indications for use

The use of Nazivin is advisable for the following pathologies:

ARI, ARVI, accompanied by a runny nose;
allergic rhinitis;
vasomotor rhinitis;
sinusitis.

The drug is also prescribed for the preparation of the nasal mucosa (elimination of edema) before diagnostic tests.

Limitations and contraindications for use

The main contraindications include:

individual intolerance to the constituents of the drug;
children under 1 year of age (for Nazivin at a dosage of 0.025%);
up to 6 years (for a dose of 0.05%);
angle-closure glaucoma;
atrophic rhinitis.

The restrictions on admission apply to patients with diseases:

hypertension;
atherosclerosis;
tachycardia;
diabetes mellitus;
glaucoma;
coronary arteries;
hyperthyroidism;
pheochromocytoma.

With caution, Nazivin is prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. When using the product, the attending physician must evaluate and compare the benefits for the mother's body with potential risks for a child.

Common adverse reactions

Nazivin is well tolerated, with the exception of rare cases when patients noted a burning sensation, drying out of the nasal mucosa, which was mainly associated with an overdose.

Among side effects you can note:

reactive hyperemia;
itching in the nasal cavity;
frequent sneezing;
a feeling of tightness in the bridge of the nose.

Rarely observed:

headache in the frontal part;
increased heart rate;
increased blood pressure;
prostration;
sleep disturbance.

When the appearance similar symptoms the use of the remedy should be suspended until it is established true reasons deterioration in well-being.

Interaction with other medicines

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs);
antidepressants of the tricyclic type.

A vasoconstrictor drug reduces the rate of absorption of anesthetics local impact(Lidocaine).

Combination with products with similar pharmacological properties, increases the likelihood of an overdose of Nazivin and the development of pronounced adverse reactions.

Therapeutic doses

There is a special dosage for children, depending on the age:

younger than 1 year, starting from 5 weeks - 0.01% solution, a few drops 2 - 3 times a day;
from 1 to 6 years - 0.025% 1 - 2 drops 2 - 3 r. per day;
over 6 - 0.05% according to a similar scheme.

Adults are prescribed the same dosage (0.05% solution) or 1-2 intranasal injections several times a day.

The duration of the treatment course is determined by the therapist, based on the severity of the condition, the characteristics of the disease, on an individual basis. Treatment, as a rule, lasts no more than 7 days, since then the intensity of the therapeutic effect decreases.

The clinical picture of an overdose

Exceeding the recommended doses of Nazivin occurs, as a rule, accidentally. Either when you collect an excess amount of funds into a pipette, or as a result of intense pressure on the nebulizer. Atypical use also happens - orally, by mouth, or, by mistake, as eye drops.

Overdose has characteristic features:

nausea;
rarely vomiting;
shortness of breath;
constriction of the pupils;
cyanosis;
hyperthermia;
violations heart rate and frequency of contractions;
increased blood pressure;
collapse;
pulmonary edema;
respiratory disorders.

Most victims of Nazivin overdose are observed:

depression of the central nervous system, manifested general malaise, apathy, pathological drowsiness, decrease in body temperature;
from the side of the heart - vascular system- bradycardia, arterial hypertension;
mental disorders, hallucinations;
coma.

In case of untimely seeking medical care, pathological phenomena can rapidly progress, lead to sudden stop breathing.

First aid at home

The first thing that needs to be done to help the victim of an overdose of Nazivin is to provide access fresh air and horizontal position. To facilitate breathing, the neck should be freed from the compression elements. You also need to call a medical team as soon as possible and wait for their arrival.

In case of an overdose of Nazivin as a result of oral administration, it is carried out:

gastric lavage clean water or weak solution potassium permanganate (the total volume of liquid is at least 1 liter);
taking enterosorbents (activated carbon - 1 tablet for every 10 kg of weight, Polysorb and other absorbing drugs - according to the instructions);
taking a saline laxative (such as magnesium sulfate).

Drinking plenty of fluids will help you cope with poisoning faster. Arriving qualified specialists should be informed about the expected excess of the dose, the method of using the drug.

Qualified medical care

There are three degrees of severity of Nazivin overdose, depending on the intensity of pathological manifestations.

The first degree (mild) in most cases does not require hospitalization. Condition stabilizes after discontinuation of use vasoconstrictor drops.
Moderate, or second, degree is characterized by more severe symptoms... As a rule, emergency procedures such as gastric lavage, plentiful drink allow you to eliminate the manifestations of poisoning. Improvement occurs over a longer period of time. Doctor's supervision is recommended. Hospitalization in satisfactory condition is not required.
In case of severe poisoning with Nazivin, the victim is taken to the hospital, where intensive care, aimed at eliminating symptoms. Treatment is selected individually in each specific clinical case.

Conclusion

An overdose of Nazivin is a common occurrence, especially among children. Self-application a child, mistaken use as eye drops or accidentally exceeding the amount of the injected drug can cause significant, sometimes irreparable harm to health. Without emergency development is possible serious complications, including falling into a coma and even death.

Colds are the most common ailments that accompany people in the cold season. They are often accompanied by coughing, malaise, fever, as well as nasal congestion and runny nose, which in the absence of timely treatment are fraught with serious complications, in the form of sinusitis, otitis media, sinusitis, etc. medicines... One of these is the well-known medical drug Naphtizin.
Detailed information about Naphtizin is

The main characteristics of the drug

The medication is a special solution based on naphthyzine of different concentrations. Due to this composition, the drug has a decongestant and vasoconstrictor effect, which is achieved when the agent acts on the receptors of the nasal mucosa and decreases blood flow. This effect is reflected in the elimination of puffiness, relief of breathing, and a decrease in the production of mucus secreted. The drug is prescribed for both children and adult patients, is dispensed without a prescription and has an affordable cost.

However, non-prescription access and an affordable price does not mean that the drug can be used uncontrollably and for a long period, since Naphthyzine has a lot of adverse reactions, especially when long-term treatment... It is also necessary to take into account that prolonged use causes not only serious symptoms, but also develops addiction, which practically affects complete absence the desired effect.

The main manifestations of drug overdose

An overdose of Naphthyzine can be caused by exceeding the specified norms in the instructions, prolonged use, as well side signs may occur when using an expired medication. You need to know that for children from 1 year to 6 years old, Naftizin is instilled 1 drop 2 times a day, over six years of age and adults are prescribed 1-3 drops 3 times a day, treatment course no more than 5 days. Exceeding this dosage and the duration of treatment, as well as with accidental ingestion, which is strictly prohibited, can lead to very serious consequences... The main ones are:

Attacks of nausea and vomiting
Narrowing of the pupils of the eyes
A sharp rise in temperature
Blue in the face skin and mucous
Development of tachycardia, failure in the rhythm of the heart
Increased blood pressure
Various kinds of mental disorders.

In the case of a severe form, with high doses of the medication, significant depression is observed nervous systems s, respiratory function and vasomotor centers are impaired. For the most part, this is due to the following signs:

Increased sleepiness and lethargy
Lowering blood pressure
Decrease temperature regime body
Breathing disorder
Decreased heart rate
The development of coma and pulmonary edema.

This condition is extremely dangerous and seriously threatens the patient's life and can even be fatal due to cardiac and respiratory failure... Therefore, in such a situation, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

Overdose of Naphthyzine in children

Especially dangerous is exceeding the norms in children (for children under 1 year old, the medicine is strictly prohibited). It happens that even a single non-compliance with the dosage can cause very serious consequences, and a dose of 10 ml for babies in the first years is considered fatal. The main factors that can lead to the development of negative symptoms are: non-compliance with the attached instructions, wrong dosage when using a plastic bottle, use a 0.1% solution instead of 0.0.5%. Large doses of Naphthyzine easily penetrate into children's organism, stimulates the brain centers, lowers the work of the heart, disrupts cardiac contractions and causes severe disorders.

Poisoning with Naphthyzine in children causes the following manifestations:

Light degree. In this situation, children complain of malaise, lethargy, constant sleepiness... The child may have pallor of the skin, decreased appetite, moodiness, a slight decline in the heart rate. BP remains normal.
Degree moderate... At this stage, there is marked weakness, a tendency to sleep, complete rejection from eating, bradycardia, lowering temperature and blood pressure. The pupils are reacting.
Severe form. With this degree, children develop a coma, heart rate and blood pressure are significantly reduced, the child is in critical condition, requiring immediate help from doctors.

In any case, having found manifestations of drug poisoning in a child, you need to immediately call an ambulance and get professional help.

Treatment and first aid

At the first symptomatology of Naphthyzine poisoning in children and adults in mandatory it is necessary to stop taking the medicine and call a doctor. The doctor needs to be informed in what doses the medication was taken, and how long the therapy lasted. Before the arrival of an ambulance, the following manipulations must be carried out:

Put the victim to bed and wrap him with a blanket to keep him warm
Carry out a gastric lavage, that is, the patient needs to drink a few glasses warm water and induce vomiting.
You can also take multiple pills. activated carbon, at the rate of 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight.
Check your pulse and breathing regularly
Monitor your heart rate.

It should be noted that gastric lavage is not carried out in a state when a person is unconscious and in infants.

V stationary conditions treatment process is aimed at eliminating cardiovascular disorders and pathologies from the outside respiratory system... In many cases, the initial therapy is to administer the Naphthyzine antidote - atropine to the patient, taking into account the patient's weight and age. Children also use special doses of prednisone. At serious problems breathe artificial ventilation lungs, treatment of edema, also to increase blood pressure, certain intramuscular and intravenous injection... In case of suspension of breathing and heart function, all necessary resuscitation measures are taken.

Consequences

At light poisoning Naphthyzinum, accompanying signs almost always disappear after 1-2 days. In the case of a severe form, serious pneumonia may occur, sharp jumps blood pressure, the risk of stroke or heart attack increases in the elderly. Moreover, unfortunately, too high doses of the drug, especially in children, can even lead to death.

In order to avoid all the negative manifestations of Naphthyzin, in any cases you must strictly adhere to the prescribed dosage, do not exceed the prescribed treatment period, use the remedy only as directed by the doctor.

Most people are used to using vasoconstrictor drops in the nose at the slightest manifestation of a cold in a child or adult. At the same time, there are ardent opponents of these drugs, who refuse to treat the common cold with them. Who is right? Indeed, uncontrolled spraying into the nose vasoconstrictor sprays can lead to grave consequences in adults and children. In this article, we examined the reasons why an overdose of vasoconstrictor drops can develop, the symptoms and methods of treatment for this condition.

In what cases are vasoconstrictor nasal drops used?

Vasoconstrictor drops or sprays are prescribed to treat certain conditions of the nose and ears. Just like that, with any runny nose, you should not use them. neither in children nor in adults.

They are available in the form of drops or spray. They need to be buried in both nostrils. The dosage, frequency and duration of treatment are discussed with the treating doctor.

Remember that a physician or otorhinolaryngologist should prescribe vasoconstrictor drugs. It is very dangerous to use them on your own, they can cause the development of chronic rhinitis, atrophy of the nasal mucosa or drug poisoning.

Indications for the use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops:

otitis media - inflammation of the middle ear. Drops accelerate the removal of inflammation and swelling from the internal structures of the ear;
Eustachitis is an inflammation of the auditory Eustachian tube, in which the flow of air into the structures of the middle ear is disrupted. This disease is almost always accompanied by severe hearing impairment. Vasoconstrictor drugs relieve puffiness, remove ear congestion.
complicated nasal breathing with inflammatory bacterial or viral diseases accompanied by a runny nose.

Causes of poisoning with vasoconstrictor drops

Intoxication with these drugs most often develops as a result of their incorrect and independent use. Exceeding the dosage of vasoconstrictor drops is very dangerous. and can lead to disruption of the whole body.

The reasons for the development of poisoning with vasoconstrictor drops are listed below:

Frequent nasal instillation to improve nasal breathing. Sometimes, in acute viral processes, it is not possible to completely decompose the nose, free breathing does not return after the instillation of a dose of the drug. But this does not mean that the drug needs to be re-injected.
Incorrect dosage selection. For example, an adult dose of a vasoconstrictor drug is toxic to a child and can cause acute poisoning.
Parallel use of several different vasoconstrictor drugs. At the same time, during treatment, you can use only one nasal spray from drug group... The combination of several different drops with a similar effect or with the same active ingredient leads to the development of an overdose.
Accidental ingestion of nasal drops can occur in a baby who has found the drug. All medicines should be kept out of the reach of children.

With prolonged use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops in normal dosage develops chronic rhinitis... People become addicted to a bottle of vasoconstrictor drops, they constantly carry it with them.

Examples of drugs

In pharmacies you can find a large number of a variety of vasoconstrictor drops and sprays. They all have a similar effect, may differ from each other by the dosage rules and the active ingredient... Examples of drugs:

Rinazolin;
"Naphtizin";
Otrivin;
"Nazol";
"Nesopin";
Lazolvan Reno.

Overdose symptoms

The severity of intoxication directly depends on the amount of the drug injected into the nose. The larger it is, the worse condition sick. Signs of intoxication appear within the first hour after the drug enters the body..

High dosage vasoconstrictor drops have a direct effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Overdose symptoms of these drugs are listed below:

Narrowing of the eye pupils, they become like a small dot. In this case, the pupils practically do not react to changes in light.
Great dryness in the nose. Epistaxis may develop.
Abnormal heart rhythm. With mild intoxication, tachycardia is observed - a rapid heartbeat. Severe poisoning is accompanied by the development of bradycardia - a slowdown in the pulse.
Changes in blood pressure levels. Depending on the severity of the patient's condition, it can decrease or increase.
Pallor and blue discoloration of the skin develops due to hypoxia and insufficient blood supply.
Nausea and vomiting, not relieving. These symptoms develop due to hypoxia and damage to the central nervous system.
Sleepiness and lethargy. The person feels dizzy severe weakness... Headache may develop.
Slow breathing.
Hypothermia - a decrease in body temperature below 36 degrees.
Violation of consciousness, up to the development of a deep coma.

First aid and treatment for overdose

What to do in case acute poisoning vasoconstrictor drops? First of all, you should call ambulance ... Briefly inform the dispatcher about what happened by phone, give the exact address.

If a person has drunk drops in the nose, you need to immediately rinse the stomach. To do this, the patient needs to drink several glasses of water in one gulp and provoke vomiting. Then you should drink some kind of sorbent, for example, activated carbon.

If an overdose has developed as a result of excessive instillation of the drug into the nose, it is pointless to rinse the stomach or drink sorbents. Before the arrival of doctors, try to calm the patient down, you can give him plain water or sweet weak black tea.

The first health care will be provided to the patient by doctors who have come to the call. They will quickly examine the patient and introduce necessary drugs to stabilize work of cardio-vascular system and breathing.

In case of poisoning with vasoconstrictor drops, they are hospitalized in a toxicological or intensive care unit. There is no specific antidote... All treatment is aimed at eliminating symptoms, removing the drug from the body and regulating the work of the heart.

Vasoconstrictor nasal drops help treat acute inflammatory diseases nose and ears. They help restore breathing in case of nasal congestion. Before using these drugs, you should consult with your doctor. In large doses, they can cause severe poisoning, accompanied by disruption of the heart and respiration. When the first signs of an overdose appear, you need to call an ambulance. Treatment of this condition is carried out in a hospital setting.

Naphthyzine is very effective drug, which, within a short period of time, relieves such an uncomfortable condition as a runny nose. But if used improperly, like any other medicine, it can cause serious harm to the body. This is especially true for young children.

Poisoning can occur not only in a situation of long-term use of the product, but also with a single use. Let's see why, at first glance, such simple and ordinary drops can be dangerous.

The drug naphthyzine is a vasoconstrictor in the form of a solution. The main violin is played by naphazoline. This topical substance has an effective but short-term vasoconstrictor effect.

Regardless of the cause, it quickly removes congestion, swelling and softens Airways... They help to reduce the volume of mucus secreted and restore the person's ability to breathe normally. boric acid and specially purified water.

The dosage form of the drug is a solution, therefore its dosage is presented in the form of a certain number of drops for each age of the patient. You cannot exceed it, as this can lead to serious consequences.

Before using naphthyzine, the nose should be cleared of mucus as much as possible. The solution itself should not be cold, this will cause discomfort. Therefore, if you store the drug in the refrigerator, expose it 15 minutes before use and leave it to warm at room temperature. But if you need help immediately, then warm the drug with the warmth of your hands for a few minutes.

The main cause of drug intoxication is an overdose. It occurs if you do not follow the prescribed number of drops in the instructions or use the drug too often. This trouble can happen to everyone, both with a negligent adult and with an unintelligent kid. But nevertheless, district pediatricians are more often faced with this problem.

Young parents, due to inexperience or excessive zeal, may exceed the prescribed number of drops. It can also happen by accident. The drug is available in a soft plastic bottle, so it is not always possible to control the amount of squeezed drops. This is especially difficult when the baby resists treatment and is actively spinning.

You can also be wrong with concentration active substance... For children of the younger and preschool age a solution of 0.05% is intended, for schoolchildren and adolescents - 0.1%.

Do not neglect the frequency of instillation:

for children from 1 to 14 years old - twice a day (every 6-8 hours);
for persons 14 years of age and older, as well as adults - three, maximum four times a day (the interval between instillation should not be less than 3 hours).

The period of daily use of naphthyzin should not exceed 5-7 days. More long-term intake can be addictive. Even with correct dosage a person develops chronic rhinitis, which will be very difficult to get rid of.

The use of several vasoconstrictor drugs can also cause poisoning. No need to rush and try various medications with a similar action. Wait a few hours, naphthyzine can take effect in half an hour or in 1.5-2. The reason for this may be the peculiarity of the disease, the consequence of which was the flow from the nose, as well as its severity.

A rare, but rather probable, cause of naphthyzine intoxication may be accidental ingestion of the drug. This is especially true for babies who strive to shove everything they see into their mouths.

Naphthyzin, like others medications should be kept out of the reach of children.

If during treatment the dose recommended in the instructions (single or daily) was exceeded for any reason, the manifestations of intoxication will not take long to give. They are the same in both children and adults. But the child's body is still quite weak and susceptible, so poisoning and its consequences are more dangerous for him.

The first thing that parents should pay attention to is a change in the behavior of the baby. In case of an overdose of naphthyzine, the following clinical picture is characteristic:

apathy, decreased general tone and mood;
dizziness;
abdominal pain, gagging;
refusal to eat, even the most beloved;
pallor, skin is cold and damp when touched;
significantly reduced blood pressure and cardiac activity (pulse is rare and weak).

Depending on the concentration of the drug in the blood, the severity of the poisoning is determined:

Moderate. The above symptoms are mild. Arterial pressure and the pulse in the aisles of the norm. When the drug is discontinued, the condition quickly returns to normal. Medical intervention not required.
Average. It is characterized by significant volost and drowsiness. The person is inert, completely refuses to eat and any entertainment. Body temperature and blood pressure are lowered. Bradycardia. Does not require hospitalization. With the cancellation of the treating agent, the condition may return to normal. The patient must be under constant supervision.
High. All symptoms are acute. Severe vomiting. Cardiac activity is significantly impaired - from tachycardia to bradycardia. Immediate hospitalization is necessary, as the person may fall into a coma.

For children under 2 years old lethal dose naphthyzine – 10 mg.

Most often, the first two stages do not require hospitalization. The main thing that needs to be done is to cancel the drug and carefully monitor the patient's condition. This is especially true for children. If the condition does not improve for a long time or becomes more severe, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance.

Until the arrival of doctors, the victim must not be left alone. Make sure he is awake. Monitor his cardiac and respiratory activity. He's cold - warm him up.

If the poisoning has occurred due to the fact that the solution was accidentally drunk, perform a gentle gastric lavage. Give 1-1.5 liters of liquid (preferably pure water) warm or room temperature, and then provoke vomiting.

In no case should a child be given a solution of potassium permanganate, even a very weak one. This can cause burns to the lining of the esophagus and stomach.

How to prevent poisoning

If you decide to use naphthyzine in the treatment of a cold for yourself or your family members, then the following precautions should be taken into account:

use solution percentage concentration which must strictly correspond to the age of the child;
carefully read the instructions, and try in no case to exceed the recommended dose and frequency in it;
to accurately measure the required number of drops, use a separate pipette;
make sure that the shelf life of the drug does not expire during the period of its active use;
if, after 5-7 days, nasal congestion persists, you should look for more serious reasons lingering rhinitis or apply other options to treat it;
Keep out of the reach of children;
at the first signs of intoxication, cancel the drug and consult a pediatrician;
in case of severe poisoning, urgently call an ambulance.

If you use naphthyzine responsibly, with all the precautions and dosage, it will quickly and effectively relieve you and your child of the annoying runny nose.

Afraid to provoke an overdose or addiction - use more safe counterparts based sea water... They often have no contraindications and can even be used to treat a cold in infants. Their only drawback is the price.

Some vasoconstrictor nasal drops (naphthyzine, naphazoline, sanorin), often referred to in the treatment of ARVI and uncontrollably used by parents as a harmless, in their opinion, means, if used incorrectly, can cause a number of complications and even poisoning, since it happens that children drink the medicine ... The peak of accidents occurs between one and three years of age. How to help a child in case of poisoning. First you need to call an ambulance. Before help arrives, the child must be put to bed, warmed, and given a warm drink. The first signs of poisoning appear 30-40 minutes after contact with the drug. Lethargy, drowsiness, decreased appetite, pallor of the skin, cold sweat appear. The heart rate also decreases. The body temperature decreases. In case of severe poisoning, in addition to the above, consciousness is impaired, up to coma, blood pressure drops to critical numbers.
To avoid such dire consequences, use only the drugs that your doctor has prescribed for you. Do not drip more and more often than prescribed by the doctor or written in the instructions, but in general - no more than 3-5 days. Buy the drug by age, and do not try to treat the child with the available “adults”. Keep nasal drops, like all medicines, out of the reach of children.
Be as careful and attentive as possible, because the health of your child is at stake!