Analysis for piroplasmosis in dogs as taken. Piroplasmosis in dogs is there a temperature, is it contagious to humans and other dogs, can it be infected, can it be transmitted to humans. Treatment of piroplasmosis in dogs at home: an effective scheme

It is not possible to cure an animal without a preliminary accurate diagnosis. Particular attention is required to those diseases, the course of which is hidden, but the animal quickly "extinguishes". Such diseases include piroplasmosis. Diagnosis of piroplasmosis in dogs has long been debugged, but there are many nuances that should not be forgotten.

The disease is caused by a protozoan. The Piroplasmidea series includes several families, and each representative causes a clinic in a certain animal. The causative agent of piroplasmosis in dogs belongs to the genus Babesia, and the disease is called babesiosis. In the old fashioned way it is called piroplasmosis.

• in dog blood cells, by simple division by two;
• in the body of the tick - by multiple division (schizogony).

The pathogen is microscopic. Looking at it in an erythrocyte, one can see that it is larger than the radius and captures the center of the cell.

• viability;
• virulence;
• the ability to reproduce;
• when diagnosed, it stains well, being frozen for more than 2 years.

A dog can become infected if:

• low body resistance;
• at in large numbers ticks;
• with frequent contact with arthropods.

It is necessary to take into account:

• If the phagocytic activity of the dog's body is high, and the enzymatic system does not fail, the animal has no chance of getting sick. (Immunity is the key to well-being);
• Not every tick is a threat, but only the one that contains piroplasm.

Piroplasmosis is a specific disease. A tick is infected by a dog, a dog by a tick. But, if the defeat of erythrocytes by babesia in an animal is less than 1% ( initial stage diseases) - nothing threatens the tick.

The tick-carrier falls asleep for the winter. Piroplasma at this time undergoes a number of changes and in the spring, wakes up along with the owner.

Having bitten a dog, an infected tick infects it and this is manifested by the following symptoms:

• fever (holds for 3-4 days, then normalizes);
• urine is pink-red sometimes brown color(bloody);
• mucous membranes are pale (anemic) then turn yellow;
• the animal is oppressed;
• appetite is reduced or absent.

If the signs are erased, the disease can go into chronic form. The animal will:

• lose weight;
• feel oppressed;
• mucous membranes acquire alternating pallor and yellowness;
• refuse food.

Sometimes the state of health will be restored, but over time, the symptoms will reappear. If the course is mild, then after rising the temperature drops, the appetite is restored, the urine becomes light and the animal recovers.

Diagnosis of the disease is based on:

• epizootological data;
• clinical picture;
• results of laboratory researches.

General blood analysis

Diagnosis can also be made by taking peripheral blood directly from the animal and immediately painting it. The analysis methodology is as follows:

• Skin inner surface auricle dogs wipe with alcohol;
• The passage of the visible capillary is incised;
• A glass slide is applied to drops of blood;
• A thin smear is formed;
• Painting is carried out according to Romanovsky-Giemsa;
• Examined under a microscope.

In the field of view of the microscope, erythrocytes stained pink are perfectly visible. If the dog is sick, then piroplasms in the form of pear-shaped inclusions will be clearly visible in the center of the erythrocyte.

At general analysis blood, indicators that will confirm the diagnosis of piroplasmosis, will be as follows:

• erythrocytes - the number will be halved;
• hemoglobin - will decrease by 30-35%;
• erythrocyte sedimentation rate - increase almost three times;
• leukocytes - the number will decrease.

It will also reveal:

• anisocytosis. AT healthy body normocytes ( normal erythrocytes) 70%, and small (not formed, different sizes) thirty%. In pathology, small erythrocytes will be more than 50%;

• poikilocytosis(deformation of erythrocytes). If normally they are round, then in pathology they change and become oval, flattened, sickle-shaped, zigzag;

• polychromatophilia. Under the influence of the dye, normally, erythrocytes are stained in the same way, uniformly. With pathology, the cells will have a different degree of color.

To determine the condition of the animal and prescribe maintenance therapy, they resort to blood tests with an expanded formula.

When piroplasmosis is detected:

• monocytosis ( increased content monocytes in the blood). Monocytes (a kind of leukocytes) are formed in the body for phagocytic fight against infection and invasion and are a kind of defenders;
• thrombocytopenia (low platelet count in the blood).

Clinical blood test

An important blood test is biochemical analysis. When piroplasmosis is detected:

• increased amount bilirubin, which indicates the destruction of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin, which breaks down in the liver;
• elevated levels of urea, this indicates a violation of extraction in the kidneys;
• increase in creatine. An indicator indicating the pathology of the renal glomeruli;
• increased levels of alpha amylase. This is indicative of kidney failure.

When conducting blood tests for piroplasmosis, it should be taken into account that such indicators as total protein and glucose levels remain normal.

Often, PCR is used to diagnose piroplasmosis (polymerase chain reaction). This method is very specific and highly accurate, but applicable in the initial stages of the disease. After the treatment, when there is no pathogen in the blood, but its traces (genetic material) remain, the reaction gives positive result. If PCR is performed at the beginning pathological process This makes it possible to quickly establish a diagnosis, prescribe treatment and conduct therapy.

Important! When diagnosing, you cannot rely on any one method. Only comprehensive study clinical signs in tandem with laboratory diagnostics can lead to a quick and accurate diagnosis.

Analysis of urine

When erythrocytes are damaged by piroplasms, hemoglobin and bilirubin enter the urine. Hemoglobin stains it red, bilirubin dark yellow, brown. Usually, complete analysis urine is not carried out, but determined physical properties(color).

The main objective of the analysis is to identify urobilinogen. Normally, it is 17 µmol / l. With the breakdown of red blood cells, the level rises significantly.

Much attention is not paid to urinalysis due to the fact that urobilingen can manifest itself in liver damage, enteritis, diseases gallbladder, constipation. In addition, urinalysis should be carried out within 3 hours after collection, provided that it is transported at a temperature of 2-4 ᵒC.

A MUST READ FOR ALL DOG ​​OWNERS!

repost welcome
Even if your dog has never been sick and will not get sick, every dog ​​owner needs to know about this disease, because. every spring and autumn, piroplasmosis is massive. So, what is it and what is it eaten with:

Not all ticks are carriers. You can remove 20 ticks from a dog and nothing will happen. And you can remove just one, and if he was a carrier, the dog will get sick. A non-attached (only still crawling through the wool) tick is small in size and looks like a small spider or even a crab (if you look closely). If during a walk in the park you notice similar living creatures on six dogs, immediately shake it off, check for those already attached and don’t go to that place anymore, you will be safer.

If you removed a tick from a dog, it makes no sense to go with your pet for tests right away, on the first day there will most likely be no babesia in the peripheral blood (and an analysis is taken from the ear), and negative analysis will be a false comfort. It is also completely pointless to bring the tick itself for analysis (and they often bring it, yes). There is NO way to tell if a tick is a carrier or not. If the tick is removed, monitor the condition of the dog, do not be lazy to measure the temperature at least 4-5 times a day.
First symptoms:
1) Elevated temperature. The norm in dogs is up to 39.0c (for those who do not know, the temperature is measured rectally, in the anus)
2) Lethargy, oppression
3) Heavy breathing for no reason (heavy breathing occurs due to hypoxia, because red blood cells are destroyed and there is nothing to carry oxygen to organs and tissues, including the brain
4) Dark urine (as they say “the color of meat slops”, you can also compare the color with cognac and strong tea
5) Unsteady gait

As for vaccines... Remember, vaccines against piroplasmosis DO NOT EXIST! Yes, there was a vaccine, "Pyrodog" (by Merial), but it is so ineffective that the representatives of the manufacturer themselves do not hesitate to talk about it and it is not officially imported into Russia (if it is even produced at all).
Other drugs are not vaccines(be careful with the Internet, on different sites periodically too “smart” people call either one or another drug a vaccine against piroplasmosis and most often These drugs are harmless.!).
Drugs used in the treatment of piroplasmosis (Veriben, Berenil, Azidine, etc.) STRICTLY FORBIDDEN use for prophylactic purposes!
These drugs are administered ONCE at the beginning of treatment for blood-confirmed piroplasmosis. Their introduction without the results of an analysis for pyroplasmosis can only be justified by the lack of laboratories in the city or by being in a remote rural area. These drugs are highly toxic, and in the treatment of piroplasmosis, not only the consequences of the "activity" of piroplasms in the animal's body are treated, but also the consequences of the administration of these drugs. But you can't do without them - only they kill piroplasms in the dog's blood. remember, that the drug is administered strictly by weight! Remember - if in the veterinary clinic where you went with the fact that you removed the ticks from the dog, they offer to make any of these drugs “just in case” in the absence of symptoms and a blood test, or, even worse, they position it as a vaccine - this is a reason think seriously...
If you first went to one clinic with a dog with piroplasmosis, and then for some reason you will be treated in another, take all the extracts from the clinic(what was administered, how much, when, etc., as well as the results of all analyzes and studies). If you are not given the test results, an ultrasound report, etc. (there is such a policy in a few clinics) - demand it, you have the right to it, since you paid the money and have the right to receive the results of the studies. In a separate item, find out and note whether (and when and how much) a specific drug (Veriben, Berenil, Azidine, etc.) was administered. It is very important!

And finally - the symptoms of which diseases can be similar to the symptoms of piroplasmosis:
1) Cystitis and pyelonephritis (dark (or with obvious blood) urine, fever, weakness and unsteadiness of gait (with renal colic)
2) Poisoning with hemolytic poison (from rats) ( dark urine due to blood, anemia, weakness)
3) Hepatitis (due to bilirubin, urine may be dark)
4) Leptospirosis.

Diagnosis of babesiosis is necessary if there is a suspicion of the presence of dangerous disease in the human or animal body. Babesiosis, or piroplasmosis, is serious illness people and animals, which is characterized by an acute process of infectious genesis. The disease is accompanied by such manifestations as general intoxication of the body, fever, development of anemia, severe course disease with negative dynamics.

At healthy person This disease progresses almost without obvious signs, but the simplest - the causative agents of the disease - can be in the body for a long period. At the same time, an analysis for piroplasmosis shows their presence in the blood no more than 2%. Pathogenic microorganisms are contained in the salivary fluid of ticks. After the tick bites, pathogens enter the body of a person or animal. The incubation period lasts about 14 days. If the protozoa enter the blood immediately, it is reduced to 10 days. After that, the analysis for piroplasmosis shows a level of 5% in the blood, the first signs of the disease are already beginning to appear.

The mild form of the disease is similar in signs to acute respiratory disease. Man experiencing severe weakness, chills, his temperature rises to critical levels, aching appears in the joints and muscles. A blood test shows the presence of anemia. A characteristic difference between babesiosis and the common cold is the ineffectiveness of standard cold treatment. One of the most effective methods Treatment is blood transfusion for piroplasmosis.

If the form of the disease is severe, it is acute. Hyperthermia is noted, the temperature cannot be brought down. In parallel, the destruction of blood cells occurs, a blood test shows an increased amount of bilirubin. Jaundice appears skin, the liver increases in size, a malfunction in the functioning of the kidneys and the entire urinary system begins. Severe complication the disease is acute kidney failure and lethal outcome. Very rarely, babesiosis acquires a chronic course, which is characterized by mental disorders due to damage to the central nervous system.

Diagnostic measures: smear

Because specific features diseases are absent, diagnosis is difficult. Since the number of infected people was very small, laboratory studies of the disease are poorly developed. The doctor prescribes a blood test for piroplasmosis after a preliminary collection of anamnestic data, such as:

• prolonged stay in rural areas, in nature or in the forest;
• tick bite on the eve of the onset of manifestations.

Initially, the disease should be differentiated from other diseases that have similar symptoms:

• HIV infection;
• sepsis;
• varieties of malaria;
• hemorrhagic fever.

microscopic examination shows good results in acute form piroplasmosis. With the transition of the disease into a chronic form, this method is ineffective. The big advantage of this method of research is the speed of its implementation. Microscopic examination of blood for piroplasmosis is performed within a few minutes after blood sampling. But there are also disadvantages of such research. Among them, low sensitivity and specificity, such an analysis shows certain inaccuracies. Another disadvantage is the low reproducibility. Therefore, most modern laboratories prefers more innovative research methods.

Biological diagnostic method

One of the most accurate methods is PCR (polymerase chain reaction). This method makes it possible to detect and decipher the DNA of the protozoa that cause the disease. With this method, it becomes possible to accurate diagnosis- babesiosis.

Worms can live asymptomatically in your body for years and their waste products will interfere with your body and cause other diseases, the course of which often becomes chronic.

Are you familiar the following symptoms firsthand:

• nausea;
• gas and bloating;
• frequent colds;
• bad dream;
• weight problems;
• excessive nervousness;
• fatigue;
• skin problems?

Best veterinary clinic in Novosibirsk city conducts express smear examination capillary blood dogs for babesiosis.

What is babesiosis

Babesiosis is usually acute, but there are cases chronic course this disease in dogs that have been ill and previously cured, as well as in animals with a high natural resistance of the organism to this disease.

Babesiosis symptoms:

• Apathy, loss of appetite, drowsiness;
• Increase in body temperature up to 41-42˚ C;
• Icteric shade of mucous membranes;
• Rapid breathing;
• Weak, thready pulse;
• Brownish, dark, burgundy urine;
• Changed gait, the animal constantly tries to sit or lie down;
• AT severe cases- paralysis and paresis.

When is Babesiosis Testing Required?

Piroplasmosis is a common seasonal disease. Typically, outbreaks of this disease are observed from spring to autumn. Incubation period ranges from two to ten days.

If your dog walks in areas where ticks are likely to spread and shows similar symptoms, you should get this test done as soon as possible. After all, the faster the correct diagnosis is made and the appropriate complex treatment is started, the more favorable the prognosis for recovery.

The principle of blood testing

Capillary blood sampling is carried out with inside dog ear. To do this, remove the hair, disinfect the skin in a small area and make a small incision. The resulting drop of blood is applied to a glass slide and a smear is formed. After that, the preparation is dried and a quick Diff-Quick stain is carried out, then covered with a coverslip and examined under a microscope. Thus, the application this study allows you to get results already at the initial appointment.

Dog blood smear: erythrocytes affected by babesia

Dog owners should be aware that the absence adequate treatment piroplasmosis in almost all cases is fatal.

Disease prevention is:

• The use of insecticidal protective equipment (for example: spray, drops, impregnated collars);
• Checking the animal for the presence of ticks on the surface of the body after each walk;
• Proper care for wool - regular washing and combing.

Timely identified babesiosis is successfully amenable to complex treatment, therefore, if similar symptoms appear, in no case should self-medication be started!

Most right decision will be promptly contacted veterinary clinic for diagnosis and treatment.

Best Veterinary Clinic in Novosibirsk is always happy to provide emergency care to your favorites!

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Question answer

Good day. In your clinic, a dog (Labrador) underwent ACL surgery using the TPLO method. April 16, 2019 will be a month. There will be a similar one on the second paw. But there is a desire to sterilize the dog endoscopic method As soon as possible. On May 16, 2019, we need to visit you for a control appointment and X-ray. Is it possible to have a dog spayed on the same day? Or early? And all these manipulations can harm the speedy recovery of the dog (given the fact of the frequency of anesthesia, etc.). medical preparations), as well as the course of recovery for the development of the operated paw. Thank you! Irina

Question: Is it possible to do TPLO surgery and sterilization at the same time?

Hello! Yes, everything can be done at the same time. It does not affect the recovery process in any way.

Hello! The dog had acute renal failure 2 years ago after anesthesia. It's been two years since the tests are normal. The dog is now 8 years old. After each estrus, she has heavy litters. The dog has not given birth. Can it be sterilized? What is the best anesthesia to use? I'm very afraid of drugs now. Tatiana

Question: Is it possible to sterilize a dog if there was acute renal failure after anesthesia?

Hello! Sterilization shown. Risks considering normal tests no more than other planned patients. Propofol anesthesia is used.

Knowing the primary symptoms of a dangerous disease will help you quickly respond to the situation and save four-legged friend from death. Symptoms can be behavioral or physiological. Let's find out more about them.

If a dog is bitten by a forest tick that is a carrier of the disease, then initial symptoms piroplasmosis in an animal can be observed already during the first day after the bite.

The period of development and the complexity of the course of the disease directly depends on

1. Breed characteristics of the dog.
2. Age and general condition her health.
3. Has been done.
4. Previously transferred piroplasmosis.

With the advent of the spring season, every dog ​​owner is seriously concerned about protecting their pet from.

Timely detected symptoms of piroplasmosis and high-quality treatment guarantee fast recovery dogs, and its effects are minimal.

First signs

After finding a tick on the body of a dog, you do not need to immediately run to the veterinarian. It is possible that the tick was not contagious and the dog is not in danger.

It is necessary to monitor the behavior of the animal for several days and not leave it unattended for a long time.

Leaks with varying degrees activity, but its primary symptoms are always the same:

1. The dog becomes lethargic and lethargic, lies a lot.
2. Refuses active games and walks.
3. There is a deterioration in appetite, refusal.
4. Breathing becomes frequent, tongue sticks out.
5. Vomiting and diarrhea occurs stool can have bloody issues), sometimes there is constipation.
6. Urine changes color to darker (brown, dark beer color, reddish).
7. The body temperature rises to 42 C.

The first (initial) stage of the development of piroplasmosis is the easiest, but on it the dog needs drug treatment. Lost time can build a life for your pet.

Secondary Symptoms

If at the primary stage the sick animal is not provided, then its condition rapidly and significantly worsens, and piroplasmosis passes into the second stage of development. This usually happens 2 or 3 days after the onset of the first symptoms of the disease and looks like this:

1. The mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes acquire a reddish, yellow or bluish tint.
2. Yellowness is noticeable behind the teeth.
3. The heartbeat becomes frequent, but weakly audible.
4. Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath.
5. Refusal of food.
6. Decrease either complete absence motor activity.
7. Unsteady gait, loss of coordination.
8. The hind limbs are weak.
9. Convulsive twitches are observed.
10. Paralysis of the limbs is complete or partial.

The second stage of piroplasmosis is very dangerous. Death usually occurs on 3-4 days, less often the animal's body is able to fight piroplasmosis up to 7 days.

Don't let it show secondary symptoms piroplasmosis and remember that at the stage of paralysis of the limbs, the outcome positive treatment your four-legged friend is practically zero.

Analyzes

For effective treatment piroplasmosis, the dog needs to be tested. Why is this needed?

The fact is that other diseases (plague, leptospirosis, glomerulonephritis) can have similar symptoms and only laboratory blood and urine tests will correctly assess the criticality of the situation.

General and clinical blood test

To conduct an analysis (smear) on a dog for piroplasmosis, capillary (peripheral) blood is required, which is taken from the ear (or from the paw) through a small incision.

The venous blood of the animal is not indicative, since the presence of the causative agent of piroplasmosis in it indicates last stage disease that cannot be cured.

A blood test for piroplasmosis in dogs is a must. Avoid treatment without testing.

Analysis of urine

A laboratory study of urine with symptoms indicating infection of a dog with piroplasmosis is aimed at determining the level of hemoglobin and bilirubin (a toxic derivative).

As mentioned earlier, the color of the dog's urine is brown, which already indicates the course of the disease. If the color of the urine is normal, and hemoglobin is not detected, then a second analysis is done (after 12-24 hours). At modern treatment urine color may not change.

A blood test for piroplasmosis in dogs is direct, and a urine test is indirect.

Them laboratory research helps to prescribe the correct course of treatment for the animal and more accurately calculate the doses of administered medications.