When should you do a gastroscopy? Is frequent FGD harmful to health, and how often is such a study recommended? Indications for diagnostics

How often can you do FGDS - fibrogastroduodenoscopy? Perhaps, for patients with stomach diseases, this question comes in second place, after the question of how to undergo this procedure with minimal comfort. It is immediately worth noting that gastroscopy is not prescribed without a serious reason, so you need to consider when this study is necessary, and when it is better to refrain from performing it.

Gastroscopy is conventionally divided into the following types:

diagnostic;
medicinal;
preventive.

Diagnostic

To clarify the diagnosis of gastric disease, FGS (fibrogastroscopy) is one of the most reliable examination methods.

Indications for this procedure will be:

epigastric pain;
difficulty swallowing;
feeling of discomfort in the esophagus or stomach;
heartburn;
nausea and vomiting;
suspected gastric bleeding;
causeless loss of appetite and sudden weight loss;
monitoring therapy stomach diseases.

Adults and children over 6 years of age with the listed indications require an FGDS to clarify the diagnosis. In early childhood (up to 6 years), gastroscopy is performed only when the pathology cannot be detected by other diagnostic methods.

Medical

As a rule, for therapeutic purposes, this procedure is prescribed again after the diagnosis has been clarified, if the need arises:

removal of polyps;
irrigation of the gastric wall with a drug;
carrying out local treatment ulcers

In this case, how often FGS should be done is determined by the doctor, based on the characteristics of the disease and the general health of the patient.

Preventive

For stomach diseases in the stage of stable remission, patients are recommended to undergo fibrogastroscopy to clarify the diagnosis and timely detection of pathological changes.

WITH for preventive purposes It is recommended to perform FGS for women planning pregnancy. This need is justified by the fact that during pregnancy, problems almost always arise with the functioning of the digestive system. If a woman has done a gastroscopy in advance to clarify the condition of the stomach, then in the early stages, during toxicosis, it will be easier for the doctor to select effective and safe drugs for the child that can alleviate toxic manifestations.

Thus, the frequency of the study depends on the goal that needs to be achieved - to diagnose a pathology, carry out therapeutic measures or a preventive examination.

Frequency of the study

How often can a gastroscopy be done? Only the attending physician can answer this question, because the frequency of examinations depends on the characteristics of the disease.

It could be:

A one-time test for suspected stomach disorders. If no gastric pathology is detected, then subsequent FGS is not necessary.
Several times during the treatment course. In some cases, fibrogastroscopy is prescribed at short intervals during treatment. This is necessary to clarify the effectiveness of the therapy. Also, in case of illness, areas of the gastric wall can be irrigated with medication and other medical procedures.
Once a year for uncomplicated stomach diseases for timely detection of possible deterioration in the early stages.
In addition, 2-4 times a year if there is a predisposition to peptic ulcer disease or if surgical removal of a stomach or twelve tumor was performed duodenum.

Fibrogastroscopy is a relatively safe and informative way to obtain information about the condition of the upper digestive tract. Of course, the procedure itself is quite unpleasant and many patients try to avoid it, but in vain: it is not recommended to neglect the prescribed examination, because it is better to promptly identify the pathology at an early stage than to treat advanced forms of the disease for a long time.

It is worth remembering that doctors prescribe this examination, which is unpleasant for the patient, only if there is a need for it; the number of times the doctor recommends the procedure, the same number of times FGS should be done.

Conditions in which it is better to refuse gastroscopy

When an examination is prescribed by a doctor to clarify the diagnosis or to monitor the treatment being carried out, the doctor always conducts full examination patient and identifying all contraindications.

But for preventive research, it is now not necessary to take a referral from a gastroenterologist; this procedure can be done for a fee in a clinic that a person trusts more.

But since the last FGDS, a person’s general health condition may have worsened, so before going for the next scheduled examination, you should familiarize yourself with the contraindications:

hypertension with frequent crises;
condition after a stroke;
recent heart attack;
heart disease associated with rhythm disturbances;
blood diseases;
esophageal stenosis.

This is considered an absolute contraindication and, if such diseases have appeared since the last examination, it is better to consult a doctor. Perhaps the doctor will suggest an ultrasound instead of gastroscopy to determine gastric pathology ( ultrasonography) or x-ray.

It is recommended to postpone routine examination for a while in case of upper respiratory tract infections. This is due to the fact that when performing fibrogastroscopy, the patient needs to breathe through his nose, and in case of respiratory infections nasal breathing it can be very difficult. In addition, when a gastroscope is inserted, it is possible to introduce pathogenic pathogens from the nasopharynx into the esophagus or stomach. Worth curing first infectious diseases, and after that undergo an FGDS.

How often is it allowed to do FGDS? Gastroenterologists claim that modern gastroscopic equipment is low-traumatic and this type of examination can be carried out almost daily. Therefore, if the doctor sends you for examination after a short period of treatment, then you should not refuse, but rather endure this unpleasant procedure.

Gastroscopy is the most accurate method for diagnosing diseases of the digestive organs located in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It makes it possible to identify even such dangerous disease like cancer. This manipulation should only be performed in a special office as prescribed by a doctor. How dangerous is this, and how often can gastroscopy be done? Quite natural questions for a person who is undergoing such a procedure. We will answer them.

When is a gastroscopy performed?

Gastroscopy is an examination of the esophagus, stomach, and sometimes duodenum using a special device. A gastroscope is a device consisting of a long and flexible hose equipped with a fiber optic camera at the end. It transmits the image to the monitor. Analyzing the image taken, the doctor makes a diagnosis and prescribes treatment. The flexible device allows you not to miss a single area during the study.

Indications for gastroscopy are:

suspected cancer in the esophagus or stomach;
signs stomach bleeding;
monitoring during the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract;
frequent vomiting and nausea;
difficulty eating.

The procedure can be prescribed for an adult or a child if he has frequent or constant stomach pain.

There are many contraindications to the study, some of them absolute. This:

heart pathologies;
severe obesity;
narrowing of the entrance to the stomach;
high degree scoliosis or kyphosis;
ever suffered a heart attack or stroke;
blood diseases.

In some cases, the procedure is performed at the discretion of the doctor:

age up to 6 years;
severe mental disorders;
ulcer or chronic gastritis in the acute stage;
respiratory tract infection.

Gastroscopy of the stomach must be done if severe bleeding begins or a foreign object gets inside.

How is the procedure performed?

Any season is suitable for research, no matter summer or winter, nothing depends on it.

2 hours before the examination, drink purified water or weak tea to further cleanse the walls of the stomach.

On the day of the procedure, you should not smoke to avoid secretion of mucus and gastric juice.

How is gastroscopy done? The procedure is done in the morning after a little preparation:

a mild sedative is injected under the skin;
the root of the tongue and the esophagus are irrigated with an anesthetic solution.

It is very important that the person remains calm during the study. Nervous tension, anxiety, and fear can provoke sudden movements and damage to the esophagus or stomach.

After some time (usually 20-30 minutes) the manipulation begins:

The person being examined must remove clothing from the torso and jewelry. Glasses and dentures are also removed.
The procedure cannot be performed while sitting; the patient lies on the couch on his left side and straightens his back. You must be in this position all the time so as not to disrupt the ongoing process.
The patient should hold the mouthpiece tightly in his teeth. It will prevent you from squeezing them reflexively.
The doctor asks you to take a sip and relax the muscles of the larynx. At this point, he quickly inserts the endoscope and begins to lower it.
After this, the specialist begins to turn the device, studying the condition of the cavities. In order to examine the entire surface, air is introduced into the stomach.

How long does the procedure take? If gastroscopy is necessary for diagnosis, it lasts no more than 15 minutes. Taking material for a biopsy and performing therapeutic manipulations requires a little more time, about 30–40 minutes. After the manipulation, you need to be in a horizontal position for about two hours under supervision. medical personnel. You can eat after 3-4 hours.

In some cases, gastroscopy can only be done under anesthesia. This is required when children under 6 years of age and persons with severe mental disorders are being examined.

The interpretation of the study is based on comparing the resulting image with the normal state of the mucous membrane.

In a healthy person everything looks like this:

color varies from light pink to red;
the posterior wall of the empty stomach is formed by folds,
the front wall is smooth and shiny;
there is a small amount of mucus on the surface.

Any pathology (cancer, gastritis) causes changes that can only be seen with a gastroscope. X-ray does not reveal them.

With gastritis, the walls of the stomach swell and turn red, the amount of mucus increases, and minor hemorrhages are possible. The ulcer stands out against the background of the mucous membrane with red protruding edges covered with pus or white plaque.

Cancer gives a different picture: the folds of the stomach are smoothed out, the mucous membrane acquires a whitish or grayish tint.

How often can this be done?

People suffering from diseases of the digestive tract are often interested in how many times a year gastroscopy can be done. The frequency of the procedure is determined by the attending physician.

Many doubt whether it is necessary to do gastroscopy at all, because there are other diagnostic methods: x-rays and ultrasound. These methods provide much less information and do not give a complete picture of the condition of the mucosa.

What risks might there be?

When performing an examination with a gastroscope, complications are very rare. Most often they occur due to the fault of the patient who does not follow the doctor’s instructions, or due to anatomical features. Errors by medical professionals are extremely rare.

What harm can research cause?

skin rashes due to drug intolerance;
minor bleeding due to microtrauma of the esophagus or intestines;
puncture with a gastroscope;
introduction of infection.

Sometimes after the procedure vomiting begins, and your throat may hurt. Discomfort in most cases disappears after 2-3 days.

Gastroscopy is a safe and informative method for examining the upper digestive tract. It is performed according to the doctor’s indications with the frequency that is necessary, in his opinion.

What is gastroscopy

Gastroscopy is a procedure that involves inserting an endoscope through the mouth. It allows you to view internal organs, such as the stomach, esophagus and others, and identify ulcerative and inflammatory processes, gastritis, and internal bleeding in the early stages.

If the doctor suspects an infectious disease or the presence of neoplasms, then during such a procedure he can take part of the tissue for subsequent study. FGS also detects polyps and allows you to quickly remove them, the same applies to internal bleeding.

This is a modern method of studying the condition of the gastric mucosa, which involves inserting a special flexible probe (endoscope) with a camera at the end into it through the esophagus. Its diameter is about 1 cm, in the latest models this figure is even smaller.

It is connected to a monitor on which video is displayed in real time. This procedure is performed not only for the purpose of diagnosing the body, but also to collect suspicious tissues and their further study (biopsy).

The term "biopsy" came into medicine from Greek language. It is formed from two words: “life” and “appearance”.

The method is based on taking a tiny piece of tissue from the patient and carefully examining it cellular composition at high magnification. Biopsy differs in the method of collecting material and in the accuracy class.

In some cases, the material may be needed for histological examination. This means that the structure of the tissues of the sample taken will be studied.

In others - for cytological analysis. This means that the structure, reproduction and condition of the cells of the sample taken will be studied.

A classic biopsy, which has a second name - exploratory. This procedure is performed in the early stages of the disease, when the location of the tumor cannot yet be detected visually.

Open biopsy, when material for research is taken during surgery. This may be the entire tumor or any part of it.

A targeted biopsy, which can be performed when a tumor is detected, when the doctor can take material directly from the tumor at the border with healthy tissue. A targeted biopsy is performed using an endoscope, under ultrasound supervision, under X-ray control or stereotactic method.

Kinds

FGDS is considered a procedure that does not pose a threat to the patient’s health, which, however, can hardly be called pleasant. Of course, this does not diminish its significance and effectiveness, because it is a highly accurate diagnosis and allows one to identify both minor disorders and serious pathologies Gastrointestinal tract.

Ordinary people who have ever experienced this research method have formed the opinion that it is carried out only in one situation - exclusively to identify the disease and the severity of its course. The use of fiber-optic image transmission technology allows not only to monitor the internal surface of the gastrointestinal tract, but also to perform a number of other, no less important and significant manipulations.

Depending on the purpose of the appointment, today there are three types of FGDS.

Diagnostic

Since gastroscopy is considered one of the highly informative methods, it is primarily used as a tool for a thorough examination of the gastrointestinal tract to confirm the diagnosis if there are patient complaints. Indications can be considered:

feeling of discomfort in the epigastric region;
belching, burning, nausea ending in vomiting;
deterioration in the passage of food during meals;
rapid loss of body weight due to lack of appetite;
food intolerance for no apparent reason;
suspicion of internal bleeding due to a sharp decrease in hemoglobin.

Medical

performing polypectomy (removal of small formations);
stopping bleeding;
local administration of drugs in the form of wall irrigation;
carrying out therapy for peptic ulcer disease.

The decision on the need for the initial procedure and the timing of its implementation is made by the gastroenterologist. As a rule, it needs to be done again some time after the diagnosis has been clarified.

Preventive

Due to its absolute safety, doing FGS to monitor the internal state of the gastrointestinal tract is recommended for people with diseases of the digestive system during a period of stable remission. The optimal frequency is at least once every 10-12 months, but if there is a tendency to develop peptic ulcers, the study can be performed more often. What exactly and how many times a year is determined by a specialist.

For the purpose of prevention, diagnosis is performed in women when they are planning pregnancy. This need is due to the fact that during the gestation period, expectant mothers increase the likelihood of disruption of the digestive system. Availability of accurate diagnostic results expands the choice of medications to alleviate early toxicosis or other pathologies.

Other alternative diagnostic methods

If the patient is not satisfied with this method of diagnosis, then he is recommended to carry out the procedure using a capsule. There is a camera inside it. When it disintegrates, it is possible to examine the entire digestive tract. Comes out on its own naturally. Its size does not exceed 1.5 cm.

Sometimes patients try to refuse esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ask to replace it with an X-ray or ultrasound so as not to be subject to unpleasant sensations. But these methods do not provide enough information to make a correct diagnosis. Patients also try to avoid the procedure, motivating possible dangers associated with its passage.

In certain cases, gastroscopy must be performed under general anesthesia.

Prevention is better than cure

It is useful to conduct such a study solely for preventive purposes. There is no regulation on how many times a year the stomach needs to be examined.

But as practice shows, an annual examination helps to promptly recognize the very first symptoms of diseases, when their treatment is most effective. Experts allow such a study to be performed as needed, but at least once every 5 years - even in the absence of any symptoms.

There is no need to worry about how often you can do an FGDS study of the stomach - the doctor who prescribes this study is able to assess all risk factors. The number of studies is not limited, it is considered so safe. During the procedure you can:

detect the very first signs of mucosal damage that cannot be seen on ultrasound or fluoroscopy;
determine the patency of the stomach and esophagus;
identify the presence of strictures, narrowings, tumor formations or polyps;
diagnose reflux and its degree.

During such endoscopy, additional manipulations of a therapeutic or diagnostic nature are allowed. After FGS is done, the patient does not experience any discomfort.

Occasionally, minor pain may occur when swallowing, which goes away on its own after a few hours and does not require medical intervention. The preparatory period is also extremely simple - it is enough not to eat anything directly on the day of the study.

IN Lately Video is often recorded on a computer, which significantly improves the quality of diagnostics. The doctor not only gets the opportunity to review the recording several times, but also consult with other specialists. This same point allows you to more accurately assess the effectiveness of the therapy.

Application of anesthesia

Many patients are afraid to undergo such a procedure simply because it causes unpleasant discomfort and pain. In fact, this diagnostic method is considered painless and safe. But at the request of the patient it can be used anesthetic, which contains lidocaine. It is sprayed onto the root of the tongue. In addition to all this, the urge to vomit is reduced.

Use according to indications general anesthesia. That is, the patient is put into a sleepy state. Therefore, he does not feel or hear anything. Carried out only in a hospital setting.

Preparation for the procedure

Such a diagnosis is quite unpleasant and requires not only moral preparation, but also some abstinence from food. Last appointment should occur 10-12 hours before the procedure is performed. This is due to the fact that undigested food in the stomach can give false data and make it difficult to access the stomach walls.

Sour, fried and spicy foods can inflame the mucous membranes, so before gastroscopy you need to exclude fatty fish and meats, cottage cheese, cheese, smoked and other foods from your diet for 1-2 days.

On the day before the test, you should not take medications, smoke or chew gum. It is also recommended that you avoid brushing your teeth, as toothpaste particles may

irritate mucous membranes. You can drink some warm water 2-3 hours before the procedure.

Gastroscopy is considered one of the safe methods diagnostics Doctors recommend undergoing examination once a year. The development of complications usually ranges from 5 to 15%. It all depends on the experience of the specialist and the preparation of the patient.

After the manipulations, the patient may complain of bloating, increased gas discharge, pain, heaviness in the stomach and nausea. Unpleasant symptoms disappear on their own after 2-3 hours. If it is difficult to tolerate them, then you need to use an antispasmodic.

Every day people turn to gastroenterologists with different problems. The main task of the doctor is to make the correct diagnosis so as not to waste time and give the patient a chance for recovery. Often, a gastric biopsy is prescribed as a diagnostic test, since this is the most reliable analysis if an oncological process is suspected. So what is a biopsy and how is this test performed?

So, the patient is scheduled for a gastric biopsy. How is this procedure done? If the patient is nervous and cannot calm down on his own, he is offered an injection sedative.

The person should lie on his left side and straighten up. The doctor treats the oral cavity and upper part of the esophagus with an antiseptic and begins to insert the endoscope.

In modern medical centers Gastric biopsy is performed using advanced medical equipment, which means that the tube is thin and the camera and sampling device are minimal in size. Swallowing this equipment causes virtually no discomfort.

The specialist monitors the procedure using a monitor.

This examination can be carried out at any time of the year - the weather will not affect the results obtained. The patient should prepare for the procedure both physically and mentally, since such a diagnosis is accompanied by rather unpleasant sensations, and it is better to be prepared for this.

Never calm yourself down by smoking

Even one cigarette smoked shortly before the procedure increases the secretion of gastric juice, which creates certain difficulties in its implementation. A few days before the test, it is worth excluding from the diet foods that cause irritation of the gastric mucosa - sour, salty, fatty, spicy. You should not eat fatty meats, fish, cheeses, and you should also avoid cottage cheese and various smoked meats. And of course, don't drink alcohol.

On the eve of the examination day, refrain from eating food 8–12 hours before and liquids two hours before. Since undigested food will not only distort the data obtained, but will also become an obstacle to the camera approaching the walls of the stomach, which will not allow them to be examined thoroughly and EGDS will have to be prescribed again.

On the day of the examination, you should not take medications, chew chewing gum, and you should avoid brushing your teeth, as toothpaste particles can irritate the mucous membranes. 2 hours before the procedure, you can drink some warm liquid, but it should not be hot tea or coffee, or cold drinks with gas.

Typically, this procedure is performed in the morning to make the patient more comfortable with the strict diet the day before. 20–30 minutes before the start, a subcutaneous injection of a mild sedative is given so that the subject feels calm, since excess anxiety and tension can cause sudden movements leading to injury to the stomach or esophagus during the procedure.

Immediately before the examination, the patient undresses to the waist and removes everything that could interfere with the procedure - glasses, dentures. The oral cavity and pharynx are irrigated with an anesthetic - 10% lidocaine to reduce discomfort and the gag reflex.

So that during the diagnostic process the doctor can correctly assess the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, before gastroscopy the patient must first of all undergo good preparation. The study is usually performed in the first half of the day, on an empty stomach. It is not recommended to eat food 6–8 hours before the scheduled examination. You can read more about the nuances of preparation in this article.

After gastroscopy, the patient is in a state reminiscent of alcohol intoxication for some time. He comes to his senses after 2-3 hours, when the sedatives stop working. And also, for some time, those who have undergone the study may experience the release of gases from the esophagus or stomach through the mouth and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen against the background of the remaining gases used to inflate the walls of the stomach.

Contraindications

What gastroscopy of the stomach is has become clear. Next, you need to understand in what cases the procedure will be carried out.

This diagnostic method is indicated:

with pain in the upper abdomen;
with nausea, vomiting, heartburn;
with diarrhea or chronic constipation;
with signs of internal bleeding. In such cases, vomiting of blood, loss of consciousness, and changes in the character of stool are observed;
with symptoms of poor passage of food during swallowing;
if you suspect cancer. This process is accompanied by anemia, weight loss, and lack of appetite;
for diseases of other organs of the digestive tract.

The endoscope makes it possible to assess the condition of mucous tissues, determine the location of the inflammatory process and atrophied areas.

With gastroscopy you can:

determine acidity;
remove foreign bodies;
identify the cause of gastric bleeding;
cauterize the bleeding artery;
excise the polyp;
detect bile in the gastric cavity;
apply the medicine to the area of erosion;
take a biopsy for histology;
expand the narrowed section of the esophagus;
select material to determine the bacterial agent called Helicobacter pylori.

Before you understand how gastroscopy of the stomach works, you need to make sure there are no contraindications.

The planned type of study does not apply:

for severe cardiovascular pathologies;
after an acute heart attack;
in case of cerebrovascular accident;
with severe respiratory failure;
after a stroke during the recovery period;
with aneurysm of the aorta and heart;
in case of violations heart rate;
during hypertensive crisis;
for severe mental disorders.

Doctors also identify relative contraindications in the form of:

cicatricial changes and slight narrowing of the esophagus;
severe obesity or malnutrition;
enlargement of the thyroid gland, cervical or retrosternal lymph nodes;
acute inflammatory processes in the oral and nasal cavities.

A biopsy may be ordered at following cases:

precancerous conditions

chronic gastritis

However, despite its high efficiency, this diagnostic method cannot be applied to all patients.

When diagnosing any disease, the doctor is obliged to ensure that he does not harm the patient or put his life at risk. Based on this principle, when prescribing any procedure, all possible contraindications are taken into account. In the case of a gastric biopsy, this is:

pathological processes

acute stage

allergic reactions

In addition to obvious contraindications, the doctor must take into account the patient’s psychological preparation for the procedure. If there is pronounced fear, then it is better not to conduct the study.

Gastroscopy is an examination of the upper organs of the gastrointestinal tract using a gastroscope inserted through the mouth of the subject. Gastroscopy shows the condition of the duodenum, stomach and esophagus. This is necessary if you suspect the following pathological processes:

damage to the duodenal mucosa;
inflammation of the gastric mucosa;
diseases of the esophagus, accompanied by inflammation of its mucosa;
peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
suspicion of bleeding in any of the upper organs of the digestive tract;
suspicion of cancer.

If the examination is planned, then the following contraindications for gastroscopy can be identified: serious violations in the functioning of the respiratory system, an emergency condition caused by a persistent increase in blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances, serious disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The list continues with acute disruption of blood flow through the vessels of the brain, expansion of the aorta caused by pathological change connective tissue structures, damage to the heart muscle caused by an acute disruption of its blood supply. Recovery period after a previous severe form of myocardial infarction or stroke and severe forms of mental illness are additional contraindications.

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) is a non-invasive, highly informative method for examining the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract - the stomach itself and the duodenum. During diagnosis, therapeutic manipulations can be performed, as well as a biopsy, which is especially relevant if an oncological process is suspected.

There is only one way to answer the question of how often FGDS can be done - it can be done as often as required for accurate diagnosis or assessment of treatment results, since the study is completely safe.

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is one of the methods for examining the upper digestive tract

Why is such a study prescribed?

FGS is done on an outpatient basis, special training not required before the study. It is prescribed for diagnostic purposes:

in cases of suspected ulcer, gastritis, burn of the gastric mucosa;
for long-term dyspeptic disorders;
at pain syndrome, the exact cause of which cannot be determined;
to monitor the effectiveness of therapy, may be re-prescribed;
with a decrease in blood hemoglobin for an unknown reason.

Since the procedure is harmless, the question: “how often can gastroscopy of the stomach be done” can be considered irrelevant - the frequency of the study is determined by the doctor. Many women are concerned about whether it is possible to undergo such diagnostics during menstruation.

This is also not a contraindication for endoscopic examination. Limitations for prescribing FGS are mental illnesses in the acute phase, pulmonary failure, acute inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx.

Is frequent endoscopy of the stomach allowed?

If FGDS is performed by a qualified specialist, the equipment is subjected to correct processing, and the rules of asepsis and antiseptics are strictly observed in the endoscopy room. Thus, the procedure is absolutely harmless. It should be noted that the study is unpleasant, and patients are reluctant to agree to it. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to undergo an FGDS once a year if you have digestive problems. Frequency may vary.

The frequency of FGDS is determined by the attending physician

For example, with gastritis, much depends on whether it is acute or chronic, on treatment tactics and the presence of prerequisites for the development of concomitant pathologies. After diagnosis and treatment, a repeat examination is often necessary. This tactic allows you to objectively assess the effectiveness of therapy and make timely adjustments.

Only a doctor will determine exactly how often FGS should be done, assess the feasibility of performing it during menstruation, and the possibility of prescribing it for concomitant diseases.

Normal (left) and GERD (right)

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) or biopsy is a special type of diagnosis that allows you to visually assess the condition of the gastric mucosa and even take a section of the mucous membrane for examination. This procedure prescribed if there is a suspicious area. FGDS is not the most pleasant procedure, but in some cases it is extremely necessary. How often you can do FGDS, as well as whether it is harmful, will be discussed in this article.

Indications for diagnostics

Frequent stomach pain, as well as discomfort in the esophagus.

Frequent belching, heartburn and nausea, regular vomiting.

The patient has a history of gastric or duodenal ulcers and cancer.

Rapid weight loss, lack of appetite.

Contraindications

The patient has had a heart attack or stroke during the acute period.

The patient is in serious condition.

Presence of mental disorders.

Asthma, poor blood clotting.

How is fibrogastroduodenoscopy performed?

The procedure is carried out using a fiber optic probe with a manipulator and a light at the end. In addition to biopsy, this manipulator can perform: stopping bleeding, freezing ulcers, laser irradiation and other types of procedures.

We rarely think about how often it is necessary to carry out a “technical inspection” of our own body, for example, how often to do a gastroscopy stomach.

Situation 1 – Nothing from the gastrointestinal tract bothers you and nothing hurts

In this case, you need to undergo gastroscopy with regularly once a year.

This is the period of time during which:

there is a chance to detect and neutralize cancer at an early stage without consequences;
check whether there are polyps or any neoplasms, determine their nature and remove them “out of harm’s way”;
look at the condition and functioning of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum and determine whether there are any deviations from the norm towards the development of any disease;
make sure that everything is in order with your health and sleep peacefully.

The sooner we identify problems, the faster and easier it is to eliminate them.

It is important to understand that our body is a single whole, in which everything is connected to each other.

The health of your stomach, as the main organ that prepares food for further digestion, will determine how your intestines handle extracting food from it. nutrients and their absorption into the blood.

If food is poorly prepared, then it is also poorly absorbed by the body and many useful and necessary substances are thrown out. Your organs, as a result, do not receive enough nutrients and suffer “on a starvation diet.”

Your appearance deteriorates - hair, nails, skin. Your well-being changes - lethargy, fatigue out of nowhere, irritability, apathy and depression appear.

And these symptoms appear long before the beginning of trouble in the gastrointestinal tract manifests itself in all its glory.

Situation 2 – You feel unwell from the gastrointestinal tract or something specifically hurts you

Your body is already sending out SOS signals. And this means that you need to meet him halfway and take care of yourself.

Too often, we put ourselves last! Let's brush aside the " alarm bells"; we pretend that everything is fine or “will go away on its own”; we swallow dubious pills after reading nonsense on social networks or googling, not understanding how this or that medicine works, who and in what situation really needs to take it, and when it is a useless (and sometimes harmful) waste of time and money.

It is connected to a monitor on which video is displayed in real time. This procedure is performed not only for the purpose of diagnosing the body, but also to collect suspicious tissues and their further study (biopsy).

The gastroscopy procedure is an endoscopic examination in which the doctor determines the condition of the esophagus, stomach cavity and duodenum. It is carried out using a device called a gastroscope, which has a probe in the form of a flexible tube with a fiber-optic system. The specialist carefully inserts the instrument through the mouth and esophagus directly into the stomach.

During the examination, the endoscopist examines the internal surfaces of the organs and makes photo or video recording if necessary. Transendoscopic pH testing or biopsy is sometimes performed during the procedure. Specialists can perform some medical operations during the study:

stopping bleeding;
removal of polyps;
administration of certain drugs, etc.

The procedure has only one by-effect, expressed as an unpleasant sensation in the patient’s throat and passing within 1-2 days.

The term “biopsy” came to medicine from the Greek language. It is formed from two words: “life” and “appearance”.

The method is based on taking a tiny piece of tissue from the patient and carefully examining its cellular composition at high magnification. Biopsy differs in the method of collecting material and in the accuracy class.

In some cases, the material may be needed for histological examination. This means that the structure of the tissues of the sample taken will be studied.

In others - for cytological analysis. This means that the structure, reproduction and condition of the cells of the sample taken will be studied.

A classic biopsy, which has a second name - exploratory. This procedure is performed in the early stages of the disease, when the location of the tumor cannot yet be detected visually.

Open biopsy, when material for research is taken during surgery. This may be the entire tumor or any part of it.

Types of gastroscopy

Esophagoscopy

For diagnostic purposes, the procedure is prescribed in cases where a comprehensive picture of the condition of the upper gastrointestinal tract is needed, starting with endoscopy of the esophagus. The examination involves inserting a probe through the oral cavity.

Also, esophagoscopy can be prescribed for simultaneous treatment procedures; in this case, a rigid probe is used, allowing for easy insertion of additional instruments. This type of gastroscopy is often performed under anesthesia without pain and without swallowing - it is administered during sleep, without causing discomfort to the patient.

Gastroduodenoscopy

The examination is prescribed to diagnose the condition of the gastrointestinal tract. This endoscopy method allows you to identify various pathologies - from erosion to neoplasms. Such gastroscopy of the stomach can be accompanied by one-step treatment procedures - administration of medications to the affected area, removal of polyps, etc.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An endoscopic examination of the duodenum and stomach is carried out to diagnose pathologies of the mucous membrane, as well as with simultaneous therapeutic or surgical intervention.

More information about what type of diagnostics a particular patient needs, the price of the examination and preparation rules can be found by calling the Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

Gastroscopy for children

Almost all children do not like therapeutic and diagnostic measures. Gastroscopy for a child is a difficult test, so it should be prepared in advance.

Before starting the procedure, as a rule, children are injected with a little atropine to calm and relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. To avoid the appearance of a gag reflex and discomfort, gastroenteroscopy is performed under local anesthesia.

A patient over 8-10 years old is sprayed with an anesthetic onto the pharynx or esophagus; a child of a younger age group is often put into a state of sleep.

Carrying out gastroscopic diagnosis of the stomach in children is characterized by some features. Since the mucous membrane internal organs The child's body is saturated with blood vessels, has a small thickness and is very vulnerable, and the muscle layer is underdeveloped; a special endoscope is provided for the child, the diameter of which ranges from 6 to 9 millimeters.

If the baby perceives the upcoming procedure calmly, then it can be performed under local anesthesia, which consists of irrigating the root of the tongue and pharynx with an anesthetic solution. For children under six years of age, gastroscopy is performed in a state of light sedation, which is a 10-minute medicinal sleep.

Gastroscopy “in a dream” can also be recommended in case of increased excitability and restlessness of the child, which can lead to problems during the examination and a decrease in its diagnostic value. Pediatric gastroscopy of the stomach is carried out with the participation of an anesthesiologist, who selects an individual dosage of the drug and controls the entire process.

In addition, sedation is used for such indications as:

serious condition of the child;
assumption that the study may take a long time.

After the procedure, the child is under the supervision of a doctor for some time to exclude the development of any complications.

This procedure is prescribed for a child of any age. For older children, gastroscopy is prescribed 10-12 hours after the last meal, and for infants - after 6 hours. If urgent diagnosis is required, the contents of the stomach are removed using a special probe.

When checking a child, the procedure may take 20 to 30 minutes. So that he is not afraid, the doctor may prescribe a mild sedative for the baby 2-3 days before the procedure.

Otherwise, the study is carried out in the same way as on adult patients.

Performing gastroscopy for children has a number of features. Their mucous membrane is thin, vulnerable, rich in blood vessels, the muscular layer of the organ walls is poorly developed.

Therefore, special endoscopes of smaller diameter (only 6-9 mm) are used for children. In the younger age group (up to 6 years), gastroscopy is performed under anesthesia.

In children over 6 years of age, general anesthesia not required. The indication for anesthesia is the severe condition of the child or a significant duration of the study.

Preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach in children is no different compared to adults.

A pediatric gastroendoscopic examination is carried out in the same way as in adults - you cannot eat 6-8 hours before the procedure and drink 2-3 hours before it. True, in infants the fasting time should not exceed 6 hours.

If necessary, food debris can always be removed through a probe. If the child is very small (up to 2 months), gastroscopy is not performed.

Gastroendoscopy of the stomach for children aged 3 months to 6 years is often done under general anesthesia. After all, the behavior of children during gastroscopy is very restless.

Interpretation of results

As a rule, it is already noticeable during the operation if something in the patient’s body causes concern. The doctor can comment on what he saw directly during the procedure (unless, of course, the patient is immersed in a medicated sleep).

After the examination, the endoscopist forwards the results to the patient's attending physician. The examination protocol for gastroscopy of the stomach for children and adults contains information about:

examination of the esophagus (wall color, absence/presence of inclusions, tissue condition, etc.);
stomach (color of the inner surface, appearance of the folds), inclusions (if any), tumors (if any);
Sometimes a sample of gastric juice and duodenum (diameter, length, condition of the pancreatic and bile ducts, condition and color of the walls) can be taken.

In addition, the protocol must also contain characteristics of the peristalsis of the digestive tract.

Possible risks of frequent diagnosis

There are several good reasons indicating the need to definitely visit a doctor after an FGDS diagnosis:

significant increase in temperature;
long-lasting, severe or sharp pain symptoms felt in the peritoneal area;
loose black stools;
vomiting if dark brown blood clots are visible in the expelled masses.

Gastroscopy of the stomach is a fairly simple procedure, but for its effective implementation without any subsequent complications, certain preliminary preparation is required. First of all, before performing a diagnostic procedure, it is necessary to warn the doctor conducting the study about the existing chronic diseases, the need for constant intake pharmacological drugs, the presence of drug allergies, existing pregnancy or planning one.

The specialist must familiarize himself with the results of previous studies and analyzes of the patient in order to assess the disease over time and determine the need for a biopsy or other manipulations.

Very important factor An effective diagnostic test is the psychological mood of the patient.

In addition, preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach involves following the following recommendations:

within 48 hours the patient must follow a gentle diet and completely abstain from alcohol;
The last meal can be no less than 8-10 hours before the procedure, drinking water and smoking - 4 hours;
cannot be taken on the day of the test medicines in capsules or tablets;
clothing during the procedure should be loose and not restrict movement;
immediately before the procedure, the patient must remove his glasses, contact lenses, dentures, jewelry;
for your own comfort you need to empty bladder.

Home » Gastroscopy » Alternative methods of checking the stomach without gastroscopy

How to check the stomach without gastroscopy? Sometimes the FGDS procedure is contraindicated for many reasons, but diagnostics must be done. It is impossible to conduct an examination with a probe if the patient is panicky about the device. Very young children and elderly patients undergo probing under general anesthesia, but this method is not always justified. What can replace an endoscope?

Stomach diagnostic methods

There are several methods for medical diagnosis of the condition of the gastric mucosa:

physical - performed in the doctor’s office;
laboratory - examine the patient’s tests;
hardware - using medical devices.

Physical methods are a routine examination performed by a doctor. The doctor listens in detail to the person’s complaints, conducts an initial examination - the oral cavity, tongue, palpates the lymph nodes and the abdominal area.

Laboratory tests are carried out to identify the causes of stomach pathology - what concomitant diseases could provoke the disease? For diagnosis, blood, feces and urine are taken.

Hardware diagnostics include ultrasound and fluoroscopy. In modern medicine, diagnostics are used - gastropanel. This is a paid alternative to gastroscopy - a laboratory blood test.

An absolute contraindication to gastroscopy of the stomach is the patient's near-death state. Diagnosis is possible even with a heart attack and in the presence of gastric bleeding. However, there are contraindications to the procedure:

risk of aortic rupture;
heart ailments - they are treated first;
hemophilia - there is a risk of tissue injury;
high blood pressure;
diseases of the neck area;
anatomical deviations in the patient's body structure.

If gastroscopy is not possible, gastric diseases are determined using alternative methods.

Alternative to probing

How can you check for stomach disease without gastroscopy? Modern medicine offers many ways to replace gastroscopy:

capsule instead of a probe;
desmoid test;
radiation research methods;
ultrasonic methods;
Magnetic resonance imaging.

To know how to properly prepare for gastroscopy of the stomach, you need to understand how it is performed. This will help you understand what factors can change the reliability of the final indicators.

Sometimes patients try to refuse esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ask to replace it with an X-ray or ultrasound so as not to be subject to unpleasant sensations. But these methods do not provide enough information to make a correct diagnosis. Patients also try to avoid the procedure, citing possible dangers associated with undergoing it.

In certain cases, gastroscopy must be performed under general anesthesia.

What tests are needed?

If you do not have certain tests on hand, your doctor may refuse to test you. Therefore, it is better to take care and collect them in advance. If you are in a hospital, then everything will be done for you (as planned in the hospital). In other cases, you need to take the test yourself and bring the results to the doctor:

clinical analysis blood and urine;
biochemical blood test;
for hepatitis B and C;
blood type and Rh factor;
coagulogram (a test that shows blood clotting).

If you have additional diseases (for example, asthma), a vital capacity test may be required ( vital capacity lungs).

In any case, before you go for tests, go for a consultation with your doctor. Some hospitals require a full list of tests, while others only need a few.

After the procedure

Now let's move directly to the question of how gastroscopy is carried out if it is necessary to examine the condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

The step-by-step process is as follows:

the patient lies on the right side;
the chin must be brought to the chest;
general or local tongue-related anesthesia is administered;
a special structure is inserted between the lips, which prevents the pipe from being bitten;
a probe is inserted through the mouth or nose;
if the administration is traditional through the mouth, then you need to breathe through the nose;
the main difficulty is to force yourself not to swallow, and since it is a reflex, this is not so easy to do, but it is necessary;
to prevent saliva from interfering with and provoking swallowing reflexes, a saliva ejector is inserted into the patient;
the endoscope is gradually introduced to the areas that need to be examined;
in some cases, air is introduced into the gastrointestinal tract to expand the walls and study their condition in more detail;
additional measures are carried out, such as a biopsy, for example;
Having completed all procedures, the doctor removes the tube;
The results of the examination are recorded and transmitted to the attending physician.

In total, the procedure can take from 10 to 20 minutes. Although there are exceptions. But mostly patients have to endure the presence foreign body in the throat for about 15 minutes on average.

In medical institutions, a special room must be equipped for conducting FGDS. The patient lies on the couch on his left side and bends his knees to his chest. There is a nurse nearby who calms and reassures the patient, while holding his hands so that he does not inadvertently knock over the device. Careless removal of the instrument can result in injury to internal organs.

A special mouthguard is inserted into the mouth to prevent damage to the device due to bites. Anesthesia is performed upon request or as prescribed by a doctor.

Then a gastroscope is inserted into the oral cavity or through the nose, which is a thin and flexible hose with a small camera at the end. Before doing this, you need to take a deep breath to widen the hole. During the procedure you need to breathe deeply, evenly and calmly.

The procedure takes no more than 20 minutes (if general anesthesia is used, it can take up to an hour - in this case, after the examination, the patient is taken to the ward until he wakes up).

The results of the study will be ready on the day of the study. If a piece of tissue was taken for a biopsy, the answer will come in 5-10 days.

Diagnostic testing is difficult for patients, especially from the psychological side. The procedure is somewhat unpleasant, but in order to make the doctor’s work easier, as well as significantly speed up the process and ease your condition, you need to prepare properly.

The completed procedure is sometimes accompanied by minor pain felt in the stomach. If short-term anesthesia was used during the diagnostic study, the patient is sent to a bed in the ward after it so that he can rest peacefully while waiting for the anesthetic to wear off.

When only local anesthesia was used, the patient is sent home immediately after the procedure or is asked to sit in the hallway for a while while the doctor prepares a report on the examination results.

In exceptional situations, some people experience mild nausea or slight pain in the pit of the stomach after diagnosis. Immediately after the examination, for at least several hours, it is recommended not to eat food, even drinking water is undesirable.

The FGS procedure is prescribed to patients who have stomach pain. In this case, the doctor, after examination, decides on the need for such a study. The doctor's preliminary diagnoses can only be confirmed with the help of a gastroscopic examination.

The procedure is indicated in cases where it is necessary to identify the degree of damage to the gastric mucosa, in case of poisoning or chemical burns. FGS is also valued because it can be used to quickly examine the patient and take appropriate measures.

Gastroscopic examination is done as a preventive measure for people who have problems with stomach ulcers, gastritis and polyps. Regular examination allows you to assess the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and, if necessary, adjust the treatment regimen. Prevention is also recommended for those people in whose family there were cases of burdened heredity.

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy – short, but very unpleasant procedure. In the absence of complications and the need for additional manipulations (for example, stopping internal bleeding), the duration of the examination rarely exceeds 2-4 minutes.

Local anesthesia may be used before the procedure begins. It is necessary to immobilize the root of the tongue and its receptors, irritation of which leads to the appearance of the gag reflex.

Drug of choice for local anesthesia usually "Lidocaine" (in the form of a spray or aerosol). "Lidocaine" is not only local anesthetic, but also a cardiac depressant, so it may be contraindicated in some diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Often, when using Lidocaine, the patient experiences severe allergic reactions: in this case, Novocaine or Ultracaine can be used for pain relief.

The most important stage of preparation for gastroscopy is diet. It must be observed for three days before the procedure. It is necessary to completely exclude from the diet any foods that could negatively affect the diagnostic results and complicate the video review. All foods that patients should avoid are listed in the table below.

Foods that should not be eaten 72 hours before FEGDS

Before FGDS, it is advisable to remove jewelry, glasses, and dentures.

In the treatment room, the patient is placed on a couch, on left side, treat the mouth with an anesthetic solution. Gastroendoscopy using anesthesia is performed while lying on your back.

The doctor inserts a tube into the patient through the mouth, sometimes through the nose. The person being examined is asked to make a movement as if swallowing, which allows the device to be advanced into the esophagus.

The doctor examines the required areas. During gastroscopy with biopsy, tissue and gastric juice are taken for bacteriological study.

The therapeutic endoscopic method allows you to perform surgery to eliminate polyps and remove foreign objects from the stomach.

Endogastroscopy can be prescribed not only for an adult, but also for a child.

In children, the mucosa is thin, the muscles of the walls are poorly developed. In these cases, a flexible endoscope with a smaller diameter is used for gastroscopy. For children under 6 years of age, the procedure is performed with immersion in sleep. For older children, general anesthesia is prescribed if the child is in serious condition and the examination takes a long time.

After research

Contraindications:

aggravated stage of bronchial asthma;
mental disorders;
myocardial infarction in the aggravated phase;
gastroscopy during pregnancy is safe if performed in the first trimester or the beginning of the second;
there are no contraindications for menstruation;
at transnasal gastroscopy(the tube is inserted through the nose) a runny nose is not a contraindication.

Before the examination itself, the patient must remove existing dentures, empty the bladder and, if necessary, take a sedative. Smoking is prohibited several hours before the procedure, and you should take wet wipes or a towel with you to the examination to clean yourself up at the end.

The success of the gastroscopy procedure partly depends on the correct attitude of the patient. He should relax and calm down, and the entire examination will take no more than 10-15 minutes.

The diagnostic procedure gastroscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopy) is prescribed to the patient to examine the esophagus, stomach, and initial parts of the duodenum with inside.
is carried out by introducing a flexible endoscope tube through the patient’s mouth and gradually moving it down the gastrointestinal tract.

The examination is carried out by an endoscopist in a specially equipped room, using a flexible medical instrument - an endoscope.
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Immediately before the examination, it is necessary to inform the doctor about existing contraindications (I described them above), as well as about the presence of diabetes, drug intolerance, gastric surgery, pregnancy and its planning.

The examination is carried out by a doctor who has received special training in working with endoscopic equipment. Gastroscopy is performed in an office designed only for such procedures.

How is gastroscopy performed?

A routine examination is carried out in the morning.

So, the patient is in the gastroscopy room. He was given a sedative, his throat was treated with lidocaine - the patient felt numbness in the tissues of the oral cavity.

Gastroscopy of the stomach without swallowing and with the introduction of a device shows the condition of the mucous membrane digestive organ. In addition, the diagnostic method allows you to evaluate the functioning of:

lumen;
stomach;
duodenum.

The procedure allows you to determine the cause of pain in the digestive organ. The method is considered one of the most effective. Detects damage, varicose veins and inflammatory processes.

Preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach in the first half of the day is insignificant. That is why the procedure is considered one of the most popular when studying the functioning of the digestive organ. Diagnostic method helps determine the presence of:

gastritis;
Helicobacter pylori infection;
ulcers of the digestive organ;
erosive defects.

Before the procedure, the patient must find out how to do FGS of the stomach. If there are neoplasms of a benign or malignant nature, the technique helps to study them as thoroughly as possible. Gastroscopy helps to determine the most accurate diagnosis.

Preparation for gastric FGS includes several important recommendations. The patient should take into account that if suspicious tumors are detected in the digestive organ, the doctor may take several tissue samples for histological examination.

Gastroscopy is indicated for patients differential diagnosis various abnormalities in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Prescribed in the presence of symptoms that may indicate the presence of gastrointestinal diseases.

Before you try to figure out how FGDS is done on your own, you need to visit a gastroenterologist. The doctor will tell you whether there are indications for the procedure. The method allows you to find out all the necessary information about the condition of the mucous membrane.

Gastroscopy can be performed simultaneously with other procedures. At the same time, preparation for FGDS examination of the stomach does not depend on the set of diagnostic techniques.

Gastroscopy is often performed in conjunction with a biopsy. With this diagnostic method, the doctor takes a small area of the mucous membrane for additional research. The material is studied using a microscope. It is carried out to confirm or refute the presence of cancer cells.

FGDS of the stomach and biopsy are deciphered by a doctor. It is impossible to establish an accurate diagnosis on your own.

During a biopsy, a special biopsy probe is inserted into the inner wall of the digestive organ. Knives or vacuum tubes can additionally be used. The procedure is extremely rarely accompanied by any complications. It is impossible to answer exactly how long a gastroscopy of the stomach takes. It depends on additional procedures. Usually she doesn't take away large quantity time.

Targeted gastrobiopsy is performed using a reusable instrument. The diagnostic method does not cause discomfort.

The obtained data is highly informative. Patients are often interested in how gastroscopy of the stomach with a blind biopsy proceeds.

The procedure is carried out without visual control. Must be carried out by a highly qualified specialist, as the risk of injury is high.

When performing a gastroscopy, a special tube equipped with a microscopic camera is inserted into the patient's body. The doctor can visually assess the extent of damage to the digestive organ, and the images are of high quality.

Often patients are interested in the difference between endoscopy and gastroscopy of the stomach. FGDS is one of the methods of endoscopic research. A special device is used for diagnosis.

In addition to standard gastroscopy, there are also 2 more modern methods:

capsule gastroscopy;
gastroscopy in a dream.

The procedure is carried out in the endoscopy room. The doctor uses an endoscope for examination, which is thoroughly sterilized beforehand. Preparation for the EGD procedure of the stomach should be carried out directly and in the office itself. The patient should relax and calm down as much as possible. Diagnostics usually lasts no more than 15 minutes. You must have a towel and napkins with you.

Few people know how gastroscopy of the stomach is done through the mouth. You need to empty your bladder in advance. The procedure takes place in several stages:

the patient takes a horizontal position;
the doctor inserts a sterile endoscope into the esophagus and then into the stomach;
if necessary, the device is directed into the duodenum;

the image is transmitted to the screen and recorded on disk;
The diagnosis is established based on studying the filmed result.

The patient should study in advance how gastroscopy of the stomach is performed. This is necessary in order to get rid of possible fear of the procedure.

If the endoscopic examination is scheduled for the afternoon, the patient is allowed a light breakfast. At least eight hours must pass from eating to the procedure. The patient can eat yogurt and drink herbal tea. Liquids can be consumed in a volume of no more than 100 ml three hours before the examination.

Visit medical institution To perform a gastroscopy, you should bring the following set of things and documents:

passport;
outpatient card;
the results of the studies performed - tests, ultrasound, radiography;
insurance policy;
a sheet;
towel;
wet wipes;
replacement shoes or shoe covers.

Gastroscopy does not require any special methods of pain relief, with the exception of a spray containing a weak concentration of anesthetic, which is sprayed on the root of the tongue in order to eliminate pain and the cough reflex, which is very pronounced in some patients.

By the way, this phenomenon makes it difficult to insert the endoscope into the esophagus - there is a false impression that the probe has entered the trachea.

In order for the doctor to correctly assess the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract during the diagnostic process, the patient must first of all undergo good preparation before gastroscopy. The study is usually performed in the first half of the day, on an empty stomach. It is not recommended to eat food 6–8 hours before the scheduled examination. You can read more about the nuances of preparation in this article.

Every day people turn to gastroenterologists with various problems. The main task of the doctor is to make the correct diagnosis so as not to waste time and give the patient a chance for recovery.

Often, a gastric biopsy is prescribed as a diagnostic test, since this is the most reliable analysis if an oncological process is suspected. So what is a biopsy and how is this study performed?

So, the patient is scheduled for a gastric biopsy. How is this procedure done? If the patient is nervous and cannot calm down on his own, he is offered an injection of a sedative.

The person should lie on his left side and straighten up. The doctor treats the oral cavity and upper part of the esophagus with an antiseptic and begins to insert the endoscope.

In modern medical centers, gastric biopsies are performed using advanced medical equipment, which means that the tube is thin and the camera and sample collection device are minimal in size.

Swallowing this equipment causes virtually no discomfort. The specialist monitors the procedure using a monitor.

This examination can be carried out at any time of the year - the weather will not affect the results obtained. The patient should prepare for the procedure both physically and mentally, since such a diagnosis is accompanied by rather unpleasant sensations, and it is better to be prepared for this.

Never calm yourself down by smoking

You should not eat fatty meats, fish, cheeses, and you should also avoid cottage cheese and various smoked meats. And of course, don't drink alcohol.

On the day of the examination, you should not take medications, chew chewing gum, and you should avoid brushing your teeth, as toothpaste particles can irritate the mucous membranes. 2 hours before the procedure, you can drink some warm liquid, but it should not be hot tea or coffee, or cold drinks with gas.

Typically, this procedure is performed in the morning to make the patient more comfortable with the strict diet the day before. 20–30 minutes before the start, a subcutaneous injection of a mild sedative is given so that the subject feels calm, since excess anxiety and tension can cause sudden movements leading to injury to the stomach or esophagus during the procedure.

Indications

How to conduct it correctly EGDS of the stomach, an experienced doctor knows. Therefore, first of all, try to find a good specialist. The analysis and diagnosis he makes will allow you to avoid discomfort and obtain a detailed result of the study.

The doctor will also decide to use a traditional or nasal type of endoscope insertion procedure after a conversation with the patient. How long the diagnosis will take depends on how detailed the state of the gastrointestinal tract will need to be studied and which organs will require analysis.

When it comes to cancer, the examination is usually carried out longer and more delicately, so that the cancer does not begin to progress and all affected areas can be identified.

Endoscopy of the stomach and the entire gastrointestinal tract is not performed under absolute and relative contraindications. If in the first case the patient definitely cannot have a probe inserted, then the second is considered on an individual basis.

As for absolute contraindications, an endoscope examination cannot be performed if:

recent heart attacks;
acute heart failure;
hemophilia;
aortic aneurysm;
respiratory failure;
stroke.

Relative contraindications include:

severe stage of obesity;
psychological disorders;
exhaustion;
increased size of the thyroid gland;
oncological diseases;
varicose veins in the esophagus;
presence of scars;
inflammation of the nasopharynx or oropharynx;
rhinitis;
lymph nodes, etc.

As you can see, when diagnosed with cancer, endoscopic examination is not always possible, as in the case of other specified problems. Therefore, be sure to first consult with a specialist, try to answer all questions as honestly as possible and not lie. Your health and recovery depend on it.

FGDS is prescribed to patients only for real indications:

peritoneal pain of unknown origin;
discomfort in the esophagus;
reasonable suspicion of the possibility of foreign objects entering the esophagus;
long-lasting heartburn;
regular vomiting;
swallowing disorder;
unexplained weight loss;
loss of appetite;
causeless anemia;
pancreatic pathology, liver or gall bladder;
preparation for surgery;
the presence of hereditary diseases (ulcers or stomach cancer);
during medical examination for those who have been diagnosed chronic gastritis or stomach ulcer;
to monitor the effectiveness of treatment of ulcers, gastritis or other pathologies;
after removal of a gastric polyp 4 times a year;
to perform polypectomy.

An EGD study involves a person swallowing a flexible tube. This procedure is relatively painless, but has certain contraindications.

The gastroscopy technique is used in diagnostic and medicinal purposes. Indications for the examination:

painful sensations in the abdominal area;
nausea, vomiting for no apparent reason;
frequent heartburn;
suspicion of reflux, gastritis;
to identify ulcers;
bloody impurities in the stool;
study of neoplasms;
removal of tumors benign in nature;
administration of medications;
need for removal foreign object;
bacteriological examination of the mucous membrane.

Carrying out analyzes

Before endoscopy, the patient undergoes an electrocardiogram and donates blood for research:

determination of group and Rh factor;
general clinical tests;
determination of the presence of antibodies to the immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis, syphilis.

If the patient is aware of the presence of allergic reactions to Lidocaine, Novocaine, it is necessary to inform the doctor.

Of course, when examining the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to do gastroscopy, but there are cases when even its single use can have a detrimental effect. The number of contraindications to gastroscopy is not that great, but they should definitely be taken into account.

One of the contraindications is all kinds of diseases of the cardiovascular system, which have already become chronic. However, here you must definitely consult with a cardiologist, who will give his verdict regarding gastroscopy.

It often happens that heart diseases, which do not bother the patient at all, are serious reason to refuse such a procedure, while a disease that causes enormous discomfort will easily allow one to survive such an ordeal.

It is simply impossible to independently predict a cardiologist’s decision based solely on your own condition.

People with serious mental disorders will also have to refuse gastroscopy. How they will behave during the examination and whether this stress will cause an exacerbation is a rather complex question.

Those who are undergoing rehabilitation after concomitant diseases will also be subject to the strictest ban. If time permits, the procedure should be postponed until complete recovery. Otherwise, the likelihood of relapse is very high, but in order to make a final decision, again, consultation with a doctor is necessary.

When going for a gastroscopy procedure, you should not hide from the doctor even minor facts about your own state of health. Absolutely healthy man may undergo such examination as many times as the doctor deems necessary. However, such people, as a rule, are very few. So you shouldn’t deceive either yourself or the doctor. Everything must be told as it is.

There are few contraindications for gastroscopy, but absolute contraindications will be if the patient has:

acute myocardial infarction or stroke and subsequent rehabilitation;
severe types of arrhythmias;
respiratory failure and bronchial asthma during exacerbation;
neoplasms and narrowing of the esophagus;
blood clotting disorder;
mental illness.

Relative contraindications are high blood pressure before the examination; if it must be carried out, then the patient is given antihypertensive drugs. Also, gastroscopy will not be performed until complete recovery if there are inflammatory diseases in the larynx and nasopharynx and pain in the heart.

However, relative contraindications will not be taken into account if the examination must be carried out for vital reasons for the purpose of carrying out therapeutic procedures (for example, stopping bleeding).

There are no absolute contraindications to gastroscopy, that is, this study, if emergency diagnosis is necessary, can be carried out even in the presence of relative contraindications, but after preliminary preparation sick.

Relative contraindications to gastroscopy, depending on the presence of a particular pathology, can be divided into several groups:

cardiovascular;
hematological;
musculoskeletal;
metabolic and endocrine;
neurological.

This group includes:

all diseases with the development of severe cardiac and respiratory failure;
a history of myocardial infarction or stroke;
aneurysm of the thoracic or abdominal aorta;
hypertonic disease Stage III;
angina pectoris.

Because of high risk development of esophageal-gastric bleeding, the study is contraindicated in the following diseases:

hemophilia;
hemorrhagic diathesis;
varicose veins of the esophagus;
narrowing of the esophagus;
esophagospasm;
esophageal ulcer.

Musculoskeletal, metabolic and endocrine, neurological contraindications to gastroscopy

The doctor may refer the patient for gastroscopy if he has symptoms of stomach pathologies or primary signs of internal bleeding. The procedure is also carried out to clarify the results of other tests (ultrasound, x-ray). For what symptoms is gastroscopy of the stomach performed?

Main indications for the procedure:

lack of appetite, severe weight loss, low level of hemoglobin in the blood (suspicion of cancer);
nausea, heartburn, frequent abdominal pain, vomiting (symptoms indicating the development gastric pathologies);
melena (black semi-liquid stool), vomiting with blood, dizziness, loss of consciousness (symptoms of internal bleeding);
prolonged constipation (more than 3-4 days) coupled with nausea, pain in the upper abdomen.

Contraindications for the procedure are quite vague. Especially if it is carried out on an emergency basis. Patients with internal bleeding undergo gastroscopy regardless of whether they are at risk for complications or not.

General contraindications:

acute myocardial infarction;
mental disorders, increased nervousness, mania;
respiratory failure (in severe form);
hypertensive crisis;
cerebrovascular accident (acute).

Today, all contraindications to this procedure are usually divided into 2 large groups:

absolute (that is, diseases in which FGDS should not be remembered in principle);
relative (diseases in which gastroscopy should be postponed until recovery, or those in which the feasibility of the study is assessed solely by the doctor).

Gastroscopy of the stomach under anesthesia can be prescribed to preventive examination organs of the gastrointestinal tract, to monitor the effectiveness of treatment, as well as to take tissue samples (biopsy).

pain in the epigastric region associated with eating;
heartburn;
nausea and vomiting;
a feeling of heaviness and bloating that is constant.

Contraindications to gastroscopy under anesthesia are serious forms of mental disorders, as well as acute heart diseases. Diagnostics is not recommended for patients suffering from severe respiratory failure, hypertensive crisis and during the rehabilitation period after a heart attack and stroke.

Gastroscopy under anesthesia is mandatory for people with a low pain threshold, a labile psyche, and children under 12 years of age.
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Indications for such a stomach examination may vary. The list can immediately include all diseases that are associated with the digestive tract. In this case, doctors always prescribe the patient to undergo gastroscopy. Here are some signs that you need to do this procedure:

Severe pain in the abdominal area, heartburn, vomiting.
Vomiting blood, loss of consciousness. The presence of such symptoms means only one thing: it is bleeding from the digestive tract.
Pain when swallowing any food.
Suspicion of cancer.
Disease of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), for example, acute pancreatitis.

Since gastroscopy is an intervention in the body using a special medical device, That possible complications There may be particles of blood in the vomit, pain behind the sternum, in the stomach or in the abdomen, a feeling of pressure over the stomach and in the chest, worsening breathing and suffocation, dizziness, nausea, fever, chills.

These manifestations may have subjective and objective reasons. Of the subjective reasons, most often this is fear of gastroscopy, aversion to swallowing foreign objects, hysterical and neurotic reactions.

Objective reasons may be spasms of the esophagus, acute vomiting, narrowing of the esophagus and the presence of foreign bodies or formations in it, an allergic reaction, tumors. As you learn how to prepare for a gastroscopy, note that complications with gastroscopy are extremely rare.

Absolutely any doctor can refer a patient for gastroscopy, but the main specialists are: gastroenterologist, therapist, oncologist and surgeon. There are many reasons to perform an endoscopy, but since the procedure is extremely unpleasant, people are referred for it only in cases of urgent need.

The main indications for which a patient is recommended to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy are:

painful sensations in area chest during meals;
anemia and weight loss for no apparent reason;
constant bitter taste in the mouth;
diarrhea;
the presence of a foreign body in the stomach.

In addition, the patient is referred for EGD with such signs as:

severe pain in the abdominal area;
frequent or persistent vomiting, nausea, heartburn, acid belching;
a feeling of heaviness in the stomach not only after eating, but also in a state of absolute rest;
flatulence.

Oncologists refer the patient for gastroscopy if cancer of the esophagus or stomach is suspected, as well as to check for metastases. A gastroenterologist prescribes endoscopy in case of gastric or duodenal ulcer, for the purpose of prevention after treatment.

As with any other examination, there are a number of reasons why gastroscopy cannot be performed. Contraindications for endoscopy include:

varicose veins on the walls of the esophagus;
atherosclerosis;
acute heart failure or recent myocardial infarction;
high blood pressure;
swelling or narrowing of the esophagus;
the presence of any infectious diseases, hemangiomas.

There are no absolute contraindications to gastroscopy. In other words, there are no conditions that categorically prohibit the conduct of research. There is a group of diseases and characteristics of the human body in which gastroscopy must be postponed for some time. All these conditions are combined under the term relative contraindications.

Contraindications to endoscopic examination The stomach is divided into groups depending on the organ system to which the disease that caused the delay in the study belongs:

cardiovascular
diseases of the musculoskeletal system and traumatic injuries
neurological disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system
metabolic disorders and endocrine pathologies
blood system diseases

Gastroscopy in the presence of relative contraindications is carried out only after preliminary preparation aimed at stopping pathological conditions.

Contraindications to gastroscopy from the heart and blood vessels:

decompensated heart failure
recent myocardial infarction
diagnosed thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm
frequent attacks anginal pain
arterial hypertension 3-4 degrees

Contraindications to gastroscopy from the blood system and hematopoietic organs:

hemophilia
decrease in blood coagulation factors according to hemogram
varicose veins of the esophagus
narrowing of the esophageal opening of the stomach

The entire group of contraindications increases the risk of developing complications such as bleeding.

Anatomical defects of the musculoskeletal system create the prerequisites for difficulties in passing a soft endoscope to the gastric cavity.

Indications for this survey wide enough, for any suspicion of a disease of the digestive tract, the appointment of gastroscopy is justified.

Pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, heartburn;
Signs of bleeding from the upper digestive tract (vomiting with blood, loss of consciousness, characteristic stool - melena);
Signs of poor passage of food when swallowing;
Suspicion of an oncological process (anemia, weight loss, lack of appetite);
Diseases of other organs of the gastrointestinal tract, in which it is necessary to know the condition of the gastric mucosa (for example, acute pancreatitis).

Contraindications to gastroscopy depend on the order in which the study is performed. In case of emergency gastroscopy (for example, heavy bleeding) there are practically no contraindications, and it can be performed even in a patient with acute myocardial infarction.

For planned gastroscopy, contraindications are:

Severe cardiovascular failure, acute myocardial infarction;
Acute cerebrovascular accident;
Severe respiratory failure;
Recovery period after acute myocardial infarction or stroke;
Aortic aneurysm, cardiac aneurysm, carotid sinus aneurysm;
Heart rhythm disturbances;
Hypertensive crisis;
Severe mental disorders.

Gastroscopy of the upper digestive tract is a first-line research method for visual assessment of the condition of the mucous membranes.

damage to the duodenal mucosa;
inflammation of the gastric mucosa;
diseases of the esophagus, accompanied by inflammation of its mucosa;
peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum;
suspicion of bleeding in any of the upper organs of the digestive tract;
suspicion of cancer.

If the examination is routine, then the following contraindications for gastroscopy can be identified: serious disturbances in the functioning of the respiratory system, an emergency condition caused by a persistent increase in blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances, serious disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

The list continues with acute disruption of blood flow through the vessels of the brain, expansion of the aorta due to a pathological change in connective tissue structures, damage to the heart muscle caused by an acute disruption of its blood supply.

The recovery period after a previous severe form of myocardial infarction or stroke and severe forms of mental illness are additional contraindications.

A biopsy may be prescribed in the following cases:

studies are prescribed to identify oncopathology or precancerous conditions; analysis may be necessary for acute or chronic gastritis; to clarify the ulcerative process and exclude suspicions of oncology; in case of damage to the gastric mucosa to clarify the extent of organ resection; a gastric biopsy can reveal the presence or absence of Helicobacter in case of digestive disorders; The study allows you to assess the patient’s condition after surgery or radiation therapy.

However, despite its high efficiency, this diagnostic method cannot be applied to all patients.

state of shock; diseases of the heart and vascular system; inflammatory or other pathological processes in the pharynx, larynx or respiratory tract; diathesis (hemorrhagic form); infectious diseases in the acute stage; narrowing of the esophagus; the presence of perforations of the stomach walls; stomach burn from chemicals; mental disorders, allergic reactions to painkillers (lidocaine and others).

In addition to obvious contraindications, the doctor must take into account the patient’s psychological preparation for the procedure. If there is pronounced fear, then it is better not to conduct the study.

Complications

Generally, endoscopic diagnostics passes without serious complications for the people being examined. After FGS, patients may experience pain, soreness in the larynx for 2 days, drowsiness, and fatigue as a result of taking sedatives.

The gastroscopy technique is well established and is quite often used for diagnosis. Therefore, patients should not be concerned about complications.

Sometimes minor bleeding may occur, which goes away without additional intervention. Getting vomit into Airways may cause aspiration pneumonia, which also takes place after the course antibacterial therapy.

To prevent infection with parenteral viral hepatitis B and C, and HIV infection, there is a certain method of processing endoscopes, which allows you to effectively process the instrument and at the same time not spoil it, since the device is not cheap.

Unpleasant sensations after gastroscopy disappear within 1-2 days. But if after the procedure there is pain in the heart, difficulty breathing, dizziness, elevated temperature or blood in the vomit - call urgently ambulance. Such symptoms cannot be ignored.

Dear readers, today you learned what gastroscopy is and how to prepare for this procedure. Having properly prepared and tuned in, it will be easier for you to pass this examination. Be healthy!

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Modern devices for FGDS allow conducting research with minimal risk of complications. The flexible thin tube does not make breathing difficult.

Sometimes subjects complain of mild pain in the throat - this is a consequence of microtrauma of the pharyngeal mucosa during insertion of the probe and is not dangerous.

In rare cases, the wall of the esophagus or stomach may be perforated by the gastroscope tube. As a rule, this happens with poor visibility (if there is content in the stomach), insufficient anesthesia (the patient twitched sharply), as well as in elderly and senile patients (due to the structural features of the organ wall).

As already mentioned, the FGDS procedure is quite simple and is mostly performed by doctors regularly. However, it must be remembered that any intervention in the life of a living organism can provoke the development of complications.

First of all, physical damage to the mucous membranes of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum is possible. The outcome of such injuries can be heavy bleeding and pain with subsequent transition to inflammatory processes.

A characteristic sign of injury, in addition to persistent pain, is frequent vomiting with blood. If the damage has affected the esophagus, then the blood in the vomit will be uncoagulated, red, “living” in color; with lesions in the deeper parts of the gastrointestinal tract, dark burgundy and black blood clots are formed due to the action of hydrochloric acid from the stomach.

Residual bleeding after therapeutic removals lipomas or biopsy are possible and are considered a normal reaction.

In addition, it is possible to introduce an infection during the procedure, which, in the case of open wounds on the surface of the mucous membranes, creates a very unfavorable prognosis.

There is only one way to answer the question of how often FGDS can be done - it can be done as often as required for accurate diagnosis or assessment of treatment results, since the study is completely safe.

Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is one of the methods for examining the upper digestive tract

Why is such a study prescribed?

FGS is done on an outpatient basis; no special preparation is required before the study. It is prescribed for diagnostic purposes:

in cases of suspected ulcer, gastritis, burn of the gastric mucosa;
for long-term dyspeptic disorders;
for pain, the exact cause of which cannot be established;
to monitor the effectiveness of therapy, may be re-prescribed;
with a decrease in blood hemoglobin for an unknown reason.

Since the procedure is harmless, the question: “how often can gastroscopy of the stomach be done” can be considered irrelevant - the frequency of the study is determined by the doctor. Many women are concerned about whether it is possible to undergo such diagnostics during menstruation.

This is also not a contraindication for endoscopic examination. Limitations for prescribing FGS are mental illnesses in the acute phase, pulmonary failure, acute inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx.

Is frequent endoscopy of the stomach allowed?

It should be noted that the study is unpleasant, and patients are reluctant to agree to it. For preventive purposes, it is recommended to undergo an FGDS once a year if you have digestive problems.

Frequency may vary.

The frequency of FGDS is determined by the attending physician

For example, with gastritis, much depends on whether it is acute or chronic, on treatment tactics and the presence of prerequisites for the development of concomitant pathologies. After diagnosis and treatment, a repeat examination is often necessary. This tactic allows you to objectively assess the effectiveness of therapy and make timely adjustments.

Only a doctor will determine exactly how often FGS should be done, assess the feasibility of performing it during menstruation, and the possibility of prescribing it for concomitant diseases.

Prevention is better than cure

It is useful to conduct such a study solely for preventive purposes. There is no regulation on how many times a year the stomach needs to be examined.

detect the very first signs of mucosal damage that cannot be seen on ultrasound or fluoroscopy;
determine the patency of the stomach and esophagus;
identify the presence of strictures, narrowings, tumor formations or polyps;
diagnose reflux and its degree.

Normal (left) and GERD (right)

There is practically no need to prepare for FGS - the last meal is allowed at the patient’s usual time, the only thing you will have to give up is drinking alcohol and breakfast, since the study is carried out only on an empty stomach.

During such endoscopy, additional manipulations of a therapeutic or diagnostic nature are allowed. After FGS is done, the patient does not experience any discomfort.

Recently, video recording is often carried out on a computer, which significantly improves the quality of diagnostics. The doctor not only gets the opportunity to review the recording several times, but also consult with other specialists. This same point allows you to more accurately assess the effectiveness of the therapy.

Diet features

Before the study, the patient should study the preparation for gastroscopy of the stomach, especially if it is performed in the afternoon. Minor dietary recommendations must be followed. Within 24 hours, the sick person must completely abstain from alcohol-containing drinks.

Also per day you need to exclude from the diet:

foods high in fiber;
mayonnaise and other sauces;
fatty types of meat and fish;
whole wheat bread;
cheeses.

Rarely do patients ask what they should not eat before an FGDS of the stomach. Within two days, the patient must completely abstain from acute foods, as well as foods that increase gas formation. These include legumes, chocolate, nuts and carbonated drinks. Otherwise, the results of the study may be inaccurate.

Most often, gastroenterologists are asked whether it is possible to drink before gastroscopy of the stomach. On the day of diagnosis, all kinds of tea, coffee and any other drinks are strictly prohibited. You are allowed to drink a small amount of water. This can be done no later than 3 hours before the manipulations.

Another common question is how much you should not eat before gastroscopy of the stomach. The last meal should take place no later than 19:00. Eating in the morning is strictly prohibited.