Pekingese diseases. Skin diseases. Age-related changes in health

Proud and independent Pekingese, in addition to aristocratic manners and exotic appearance, have quite decent, one might say, lion-like health. Especially if the owners do everything to make the royal pet comfortable and do not forget about the rules of caring for him. But this does not mean that Pekingese do not get sick at all.

So, if you neglect to vaccinate your puppy, then he may well get distemper or hepatitis. The dog can also be injured or poisoned by something, become infected with helminths, or become a victim of an ixodid tick. In addition, there are specific breed diseases Pekingese, i.e. those that lion dogs suffer from more often than other pets.

Breed ailments can have both genetic roots and be a consequence of the specific anatomy and exterior of dogs. For Pekingese, the latter option is more typical. The special, brachycephalic, structure of the skull determines some features of the functioning of the dog’s respiratory organs and the structure of the eyes. And it is they who become, thereby, weak link in the dog's body.

What can happen to the client's eyes?

Pekingese eye diseases are the undisputed leaders among all kinds of health problems for lion dogs. Very often from their owners you can hear phrases like: “If it weren’t for the eyes, then completely healthy dog! - or - “He lived for 16 years, suffered almost no illnesses, only one eye began to protrude, we suffered with it for a long time.”

Why is this happening? – The reason is obvious – the muzzle is too short and, as a result, not deep enough eye orbits. This is where 80% of all problems with eyes come from, and their charming bulge is the main risk factor.

This eye is less protected from negative impact wind and dust. Often it lacks natural hydration, but on the contrary, it is extremely easy to injure it. In addition, the more protruding a dog's eyes are, the higher the likelihood of them being dislocated due to injury or simply a sharp tug from the leash. Keep this in mind when choosing a puppy!

How do eye diseases begin in Pekingese? – Usually with slight redness or clouding of the eyeball. Unfortunately, not all owners pay attention to these symptoms. As a result, the dog may develop conjunctivitis, cataracts, various erosions, etc. If in this case the owner is in no hurry to take the dog to the veterinarian, it may completely lose its vision.

Some eye problems in Pekingese are also congenital, for example, double eyelashes or eyelid inversion. And here, most likely, surgery cannot be avoided.

Breathing problems

Another disadvantage of a flattened face is that it does not allow the dog to breathe normally. A short nasal passage does not allow the air to warm up enough in winter and cool enough in hot weather. Therefore, with long walks in the cold, Pekingese dogs increase the risk of developing diseases such as laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis, and in the summer heat the dog can suffocate or get heatstroke.

If your Pekingese breathes heavily and loudly even at normal temperature and without physical activity, then it makes sense to seek help from a veterinarian. In this case, to make your pet's breathing easier, you may need surgical correction some anatomical defects.

Pekingese diseases can also be caused by grains of sand, allergen vapors and foreign objects entering the respiratory tract. The dog usually reacts to all this by coughing. And if it does not stop for a long time or recurs again and again for no apparent reason, it is imperative to show your pet to a doctor.

Do not ignore nasal discharge. Yes, it could just be snot from a cold, but it could also be a symptom of a serious illness. If a Pekingese starts bleeding from the nose, then its causes can be either a simple injury or overheating, or hypertension or serious viral infections.

By the way, breathing, or rather its frequency, can serve as an excellent indicator general condition dogs. If it is from 10 to 30 breaths per minute, then everything is fine with the dog.

Be careful with your spine!

The short legs and long body of the lion dog and, as a result, uneven distribution of the load on the spine and joints, can cause Pekingese diseases such as osteochondrosis, hernia intervertebral discs, as well as various dislocations and subluxations of joints.

The risk of developing such diseases increases if the dog is overweight and has a weak muscle corset. In addition, the impetus for the development of the disease can be a jump from a height (especially for a puppy) or an injury to the spine (paws).

The first signs of problems with the spine will be some stiffness in the dog, obvious difficulty getting up, pain when stroking the back. If not accepted at this stage Urgent measures and do not start treatment, the dog may be paralyzed (partially or completely).

The main symptom of limb diseases will be a change in the Pekingese's gait. And this is not always expressed in obvious lameness. It’s just that the pet may begin to walk slower, heavier, periodically jump, or the dog’s knees suddenly seem to you to be twisted, abnormally positioned. All this is a reason to immediately contact an experienced specialist. In the early stages, the dog’s condition can be quite successfully corrected with the help of medications and special vitamin complexes.

Is it all about age?

Pekingese diseases, especially with age, can also affect the dog's cardiovascular and genitourinary systems. Older male dogs are often diagnosed with perianal gland adenoma and urolithiasis. However, not only age can be the cause of these ailments.

Poor care and improper nutrition are like a time bomb. A young dog may not react much to them, but with age they accumulate in the kidneys and liver. harmful substances, and chronic, often unnoticed, digestive problems suddenly make themselves felt, causing acute inflammation.

The dog's ears can also suffer from the dishonesty of the owners. Due to the abundant thick wool, their natural cleansing and ventilation are difficult, which means that ideal conditions are created for the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Until a certain point, nothing bothers the dog, even if you don’t examine its ears for years. But any infection, hypothermia, or simply water getting into them can serve as a catalyst for the development of otitis media.

Well, if you have never looked into your pet’s mouth, then don’t be surprised by the early loss of teeth in your pet. Yes, here too it’s all about the special structure of the muzzle. However, proper dental care and regular removal of stones could significantly extend the period of Pekingese toothiness.

Nosebleed- flow of scarlet, non-foaming blood from the nostrils.

Symptomatic therapy. A 0.1% solution of adrenaline, 1% mezaton solution, 0.1% is instilled into the nose. Naphthyzine solution or galazolin, 3% peroxide solution hydrogen. Vikasol and calcium gluconate are administered intramuscularly, and calcium chloride is administered intravenously. If there is no effect - locally 1% silver solution nitrate, hemostatic sponge.

Hemoptysis - expectoration with sputum of scarlet blood in the form of streaks or foam. Blood may also be released from oral cavity jet.

Symptomatic therapy. Intravenously - calcium chloride. Intramuscularly - vikasol, calcium gluconate, analgin, diprazine. For heart failure (tachycardia), cardiotonic drugs (cardiac glycosides, cordiamine, camphor), furosemide are used. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) - increased, difficult breathing. There are inspiratory dyspnea (difficulty in inhaling), expiratory dyspnea (difficulty exhaling), mixed. In addition, tachypnea (polypnea) is distinguished

Dyspnea is an increase in the rate of breathing, hyperpnea is an increase in the rate and depth of breathing movements.

Symptomatic therapy. Caffeine, sulfocamphocaine, camphor, aminophylline, and glucocorticoids are used. For pneumonia, oxygen therapy is indicated. For hypocalcemia - calcium supplements and sedatives. For heart failure - cardiac glycosides. For pulmonary edema - furosemide.

Constipation (constipation, obstipation) is a long delay in emptying the large intestine.

Causes. The immediate causes of constipation are: intestinal atony, foreign body in the intestine, narrowing of the intestinal lumen and anus, reflex delay in defecation.

Constipation occurs in the following conditions and diseases: injury and tumor of the spinal cord, intussusception, poisoning with heavy metals, anticholinergics, adrenergic agonists, anesthetics; foreign body in the intestine, coprolites, intestinal and prostate tumors, proctitis, paraanal sinusitis, sticking of fur around the anus with feces. Most often, constipation occurs due to dogs eating a large number of bones, especially bird bones, as well as due to painful defecation due to stagnation of the secretion of the paraanal glands and paraanal sinusitis.

Symptomatic therapy. First of all, if there are no contraindications, the dog is given an enema. If there is no effect, laxatives are used: herbal (buckthorn bark), saline (sodium and magnesium sulfate), oil ( Castor oil, sunflower, olive, vaseline), synthetic (purgen, bisacodyl). If constipation is caused by coprolite located in the rectum, then the oil is injected into the rectum, and the coprolite is removed through the anus. To relieve spasms of smooth muscles, no-shpa, baralgin, and perinephric novocaine blockade are used. When the lumen of the excretory ducts of the paraanal glands is blocked, their contents are squeezed out by hand. After defecation, the dog is given rectal suppositories Anestezol, Anuzol, Proctosedyl, with glycerin, into the rectum 3 times a day.

Hiccups are involuntary, frequently repeated inhalations associated with contraction of the diaphragm.

Causes: overeating, dry food, helminthic infestation, pancreatitis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, damage to the central nervous system. Most often, hiccups occur in puppies due to overeating and helminthic infestation.

Symptomatic therapy is usually not required. An attack of hiccups can be stopped by administering metoclopramide (cerucal), as well as tranquilizers (tazepam, seduxen) and neuroleptics (aminazine, etaprazine).

Blood in stool is an admixture of blood in stool. Blood may be discharged from the anus regardless of bowel movements. The further the source of bleeding is from the rectum and closer to the stomach, the darker the color of the stool. With diarrhea, the stool turns red, regardless of the location of the bleeding.

Causes: nonspecific gastritis, enteritis, colitis, proctitis, stomach ulcer and duodenum, infectious diseases ( parvovirus enteritis, adenoviral infections, leptospirosis), helminthiasis, cystoisosporosis, allergies, poisoning, tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, K- and C-avitaminosis, hemorrhagic diathesis, hemorrhoids, coprolites.

The most common causes of blood in the stool are parvovirus enteritis and an allergic reaction.

Symptomatic therapy. Calcium chloride is administered intravenously, calcium gluconate, Vicasol, vitamin C, mesaton are administered intramuscularly (can be rectally). Astringents are prescribed internally. For allergic genesis it is prescribed antihistamines(diphenhydramine, diprazine), glucocorticoids (intramuscular prednisolone or dexamethasone), adrenergic agonists (adrenaline, ephedrine, mezatone).

Increased appetite(bulimia) - the desire to eat large amounts of food. Not always accompanied by obesity.

Reasons: preliminary fasting, diabetes mellitus, condition after an epileptic seizure, encephalitis, helminthiasis.

Symptomatic therapy has not been developed.

Eating inedible objects (allotriophagy)- the desire to lick or swallow inedible objects. It can be physiological in puppies, especially during teething, and sometimes in adult dogs.

Reasons: deficiency of microelements, especially calcium and phosphorus; hypo- and avitaminosis, rickets, gastritis, enteritis, liver disease, the onset of parvovirus enteritis and adenoviral infections, helminthiases, rabies. Most often it occurs with rickets and helminthic infestation.

Symptomatic therapy: in the absence of contraindications, tranquilizers and antipsychotics are sometimes used.

Diarrhea (diarrhea) acute- discharge of liquid feces for up to 2 weeks.

Causes. The immediate causes of diarrhea are increased intestinal motility and dilution of its contents due to decreased absorption of water from the intestine into the blood, or increased secretion of moisture into the intestinal lumen. Acute diarrhea occurs with the following diseases and conditions: acute nonspecific enteritis and pancreatitis, parvovirus, coronavirus, rotavirus, plague enteritis; adenoviral hepatitis, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, staphylococcosis, yersiniosis, helminthiasis, cystoisosporosis, poisoning with organophosphorus compounds, heavy metals and other poisons; acute liver failure, hypoadrenocorticism. Short-term diarrhea occurs when feeding low-quality feed, sometimes milk and fat.

Symptomatic therapy. Skip 1-2 feedings. Water is given ad libitum. You can give slightly sweetened weak tea instead of water. Astringents are prescribed: decoctions and infusions of St. John's wort, sage, burnet rhizomes, bloodroot, serpentine, blueberry fruits, alder fruits, pomegranate peels. Set rice and oat broth, Activated carbon. The use of antimicrobial agents is indicated: biseptol, phthalazole, chloramphenicol, polymyxin M sulfate. For dehydration, isotonic sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, 5% glucose solution, "Rehydron" are prescribed orally, intravenously, subcutaneously. If blood appears in the stool, drugs that increase blood clotting are prescribed (see "Blood in the stool").

Vomiting is a reflex act of expelling the contents of the stomach (sometimes the duodenum) through the esophagus and mouth to the outside. Vomiting is usually preceded by nausea and drooling. In dogs it occurs easily even with minor vomiting stimuli. Vomiting occurs with direct stimulation of the vomiting center, as well as with irritation of the sensitive nerve endings of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Prolonged vomiting leads to loss of water and electrolytes in the dog’s body.

Causes. Infectious diseases: parvovirus enteritis, coronavirus enteritis, infectious hepatitis, leptospirosis, canine distemper (rare), salmonellosis. Helminth infections, cystoisosporosis, nonspecific enteritis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peritonitis, gastritis, lesions of the central nervous system, allergic conditions, foreign body in gastrointestinal tract, coprolites, intestinal obstruction, poisoning, acetonemia, pyometra, tumors, diaphragmatic hernia, strangulated umbilical hernia, uremia, hypoadrenocorticism, overeating, motion sickness. Short-term vomiting, not associated with other symptoms, occurs when overeating, motion sickness, or eating inedible objects. Constant and periodically recurring vomiting more often occurs with parvovirus enteritis, infectious hepatitis, and helminthiasis.

Symptomatic therapy. In case of poisoning, antiemetics are not prescribed. In other cases, metoclopramide, atropine sulfate, platyphylline hydrotartrate, diazepam, etaprazine, diprazine, aminazine, analgin, diphenhydramine are used. In case of dehydration, solutions of glucose, Ringer, sodium chloride, etc. are administered orally, rectally, intravenously, subcutaneously.

Hematuria is the excretion of blood in the urine, hemoglobinuria is the excretion of hemoglobin in the urine. Hematuria can be differentiated from hemoglobinuria using urine sediment microscopy.

Symptomatic therapy. Calcium chloride is administered intravenously, calcium gluconate, Vicasol, vitamin C, mesaton are administered intramuscularly (can be rectally).

Aggressive behavior- actions of a dog aimed at causing harm to people or animals. It is necessary to distinguish aggressive behavior associated with defense or an attempt to assert one's superiority from pathological aggressiveness associated with any disease.

Causes: rabies, Aueszky's disease, nervous form of plague, encephalitis, neuralgia, brain tumor, brain hypoxia, endocrine disorders.

Symptomatic therapy. Antipsychotics (aminazine, piportil, xylazine), tranquilizers (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide), sedatives (valerian preparations), barbiturates (phenobarbital, reladorm) are used.

Excitement is restless behavior of a dog, characterized by increased irritability and physical activity. Often associated with muscle tremors. It is necessary to distinguish between the excited state of a dog caused by any objective reasons (for example, in males who smell the smell of a bitch , in heat), from excitement associated with any disease or pathological condition.

Symptomatic therapy: calcium supplements, intramuscular magnesium sulfate, neuroleptics, tranquilizers, sedatives and hypnotics are prescribed.

Paralysis is the complete impossibility of voluntary movements, paresis is a partial limitation of the strength and volume of voluntary movements due to impaired innervation. They may be accompanied by an increase (usually at the onset of the disease) and a decrease in musculocutaneous sensitivity. Over a long period of time, muscle atrophy often develops. There are also monoplegia - paralysis (paresis) of one limb, tetraplegia - paralysis of four limbs, paraplegia - paralysis of two front or two hind limbs and hemiplegia - paralysis of the right or left half of the body.

Symptomatic therapy. Glucocorticoids (prednisolone, dexamethasone), non-narcotic analgesics (piroxicam, indomethacin), diuretics (furosemide), antispasmodics (no-spa, baralgin), vitamins B1, B12, PP, glutamic acid are used. For infectious-allergic genesis, antihistamines (diphenhydramine, diprazine) are indicated. For decreased muscle tone, anticholinesterase drugs (oxazil, proserine, galantamine), strychnine nitrate, duplex, and nootropics- piracetam, aminalon, pyriditol.

Fainting is a short-term loss of consciousness due to cerebral ischemia.

Coma is a prolonged loss of consciousness or sudden depression due to damage to the central nervous system. Fainting and coma may be accompanied by seizures.

Symptomatic therapy. In most cases, intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal administration of 5% glucose solution, isotonic sodium chloride solution, Ringer's solution, Ringer-Locke solution, 4% sodium bicarbonate solution, rheopolyglucin is indicated. Solutions are administered in a single dose of up to 20 ml/kg. To maintain cardiac activity (in the absence of signs of excitation of the central nervous system), cordiamine, sulfocamphocaine, strophanthin, and adrenergic agonists are used - mezaton, ephedrine, adrenaline. For uremic coma, diuretics, peritoneal dialysis are indicated, and in case of vomiting, atropine and metoclopramide. Treatment for other types of coma

The heart is a pump that pumps blood throughout the body. Blood contains vital nutrients, including oxygen and hormones that regulate body functions. Proper blood circulation is also necessary to remove waste products, including carbon dioxide. Bad job the heart compromises the function of all other organs. May indicate heart disease following signs: - cough and shortness of breath; - drowsiness and weakness; - fainting; - weight loss; - growth retardation; - bluish gums; - distended stomach. Multiple bleeding (hemorrhagic diathesis) - a tendency to bleeding and hemorrhage.

1. Reduced blood clotting: hereditary deficiency of blood coagulation factors - II (hypoprothrombinemia), VII (hypoproconvertinemia), VIII (hemophilia A), IX (hemophilia B), X, XI; liver diseases leading to a deficiency of blood clotting factors; poisoning with anticoagulants - zoocides (zoocoumarin, etc.); overdose of drugs - anticoagulants (heparin, neodicoumarin); autoimmune deficiencies of blood coagulation factors; vitamin deficiency K, hypocoagulative phase of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome.

2. Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopathies: hereditary thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, splenomegalic thrombocytopenia, thrombasthenia, disaggregation thrombocytopathies, drug thrombocytopathies (aspirin, indomethacin, phenothiazine, etc.).

3. Increased capillary permeability: hemorrhagic vasculitis, infectious-allergic and toxigenic angiopathy. Symptomatic therapy. Prescribe glucocorticoids (prednisolone, dexamethasone), Vicasol, calcium supplements, ascorbic acid, ascorutin. Transfusion of fresh donated blood. In case of poisoning with anticoagulants - forced diuresis.

Ataxia is a violation of coordination of movements, manifested, for example, by movement in a circle, unsteadiness of gait, and falls.

Adynamia is muscle weakness, manifested by stagnation.

Causes. Ataxia: internal otitis, neuritis of the VIII cranial nerve, head injury, tumor, hereditary pathology, poisoning, infectious and invasive diseases. Adynamia: any diseases and conditions leading to exhaustion or loss of strength.

Symptomatic therapy. Ataxia: antibiotics, diuretics, anti-inflammatory drugs (prednisolone, piroxicam), vitamins B1, B6, B12, PP. Adynamia: complete high-calorie feeding, glucose, Eleutherococcus and Leuzea extracts, multivitamins, riboxin, retabolil, proserine, strychnine nitrate. Peripheral edema - excessive accumulation of fluid in soft tissues, mainly in the subcutaneous tissue of the chest, abdomen and limbs.

Causes. Asymmetrical local edema: trauma, infection, allergy, inflammation, compression of the limb, injection of large amounts of fluid, as well as irritating and necrotizing drugs, bites of poisonous animals. Symmetrical edema: increased hydrostatic venous pressure and worsened venous outflow due to heart failure; decrease in oncotic blood pressure due to loss of proteins in kidney diseases (amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome), enteropathy, prolonged bleeding, as well as decrease in protein formation in liver diseases (cirrhosis) and fasting; increasing capillary permeability during infections, intoxications, allergies; myxedema due to hypothyroidism.

Symptomatic therapy depends on the nature of the edema. For edema of inflammatory origin, antimicrobial agents and hypertonic solutions are used, allergic and toxic-allergic (bites of poisonous animals) - antihistamines (diphenhydramine), glucocorticoids (prednisolone, dexamethasone), vitamin C, rutin (ascorutin), intravenous calcium chloride. For heart failure, cardiac glycosides (digitoxin), diuretics (furosemide) and potassium supplements are indicated. For renal edema, diuretics (furosemide, aminophylline), glucocorticoids, and a salt-free diet are prescribed.

Increased body temperature (fever)- instantaneous, periodic or constant excess of normal rectal body temperature (in dogs - 39 degrees Celsius).

Causes. A short-term increase in body temperature can occur in puppies due to imperfect thermoregulation mechanisms, and in adult dogs - during intense muscular work in the hot season. As a reaction of the body, fever occurs in infectious diseases, invasive (less often), inflammatory processes in various organs, with neoplasms (not always), poisoning with certain substances (ivomec, nitrofurans, vitamins D2 and D3, iodine, carbon tetrachloride, organochlorine pesticides, ethylene glycol), hypocalcemic tetany, meningoencephalitis.

Symptomatic therapy. Since fever is a protective-adaptive reaction of the body, measures should not be taken to reduce body temperature if it does not exceed 40 degrees Celsius. Otherwise, antipyretics are used: amidopyrine, analgin, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), phenacetin, paracetamol, as well as combination drugs. Sometimes suppositories containing antipyretic substances (Cefekon), antihistamines (diphenhydramine, diprazine) and neuroleptics (aminazine). When the body temperature rises to 42 degrees Celsius and a coma develops as a result, they resort to dousing or immersing the body in cold water.

Enlarged lymph nodes- local or widespread enlargement of lymph nodes. At the same time, their consistency may change.

Reasons: local inflammatory processes, lymphadenitis, sepsis, systemic mycoses, chronic bacterial infections, lymphosarcoma, leukemia, metastases, reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes.

Symptomatic therapy. For inflammatory lymphadenopathy, antimicrobial agents, analgesics, and, if necessary, surgical intervention are indicated. At tumor diseases cytostatics and glucocorticoids are used. The musculoskeletal system supports, protects and moves the dog's body. In addition, bones are a depot minerals and fat, as well as for the production of red blood cells. The following symptoms may indicate a disease of the muscles and skeleton: - lameness; - weakness; - pain; - stiffness of movements; - unusual gait; - swollen joints.

Lameness. Dogs usually limp when their limbs hurt or are weak: due to injury, unbalanced diet, birth defects or infection.

The cause is determined by palpation or x-ray examination affected area. If it is a minor injury, it may go away on its own in a few days. More serious injuries (sprains, fractures, dislocations and bone diseases) require urgent help veterinarian, and maybe surgery.

Stretching. When, during movement, the ligaments are suddenly stretched or slightly torn, they say that a sprain has occurred. Although the joint is swollen and painful, with strict rest it can heal on its own in 3 to 4 days. Otherwise, or if there are any complications, the veterinarian should check the dog's limb, such as a torn ligament or fracture.

Fractures. Most fractures occur due to trauma (for example, if a dog is hit by a car). They are divided into closed and open. Open fractures are more serious because the ends of the bones break through the skin, causing extensive tissue damage and creating the possibility of infection. All fractures should be treated immediately by a veterinarian. Most fractures are treated with splints, casts, or internal fixation devices with screws, pins, and wires. For more information on restraining an injured dog and splinting a broken limb, see the First Aid section.

Dislocation. Dislocated joints are usually the result of serious trauma. It often happens that due to a dislocated bone, one limb appears shorter than the other. Veterinarians check for additional injuries and set the bones. Sometimes this requires surgery. Tips on what to do in these emergency situations before taking your dog to the vet.

Injuries to the cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Two crossed ligaments inside the knee hold this joint in place. One of these ligaments (the cranial ligament) is especially sensitive to sudden jerks during movement. When knee-joint injured, he cannot move properly and, if If left untreated, it will become painful and may even develop arthritis. Cranial rupture cruciate ligament It is more common in overfed dogs older than one and a half years. Oddly enough, many older dogs who tear one ligament will also tear the other ligament within a year. Many owners mistake a torn cruciate ligament for a sprain when their dog, after running around somewhere, suddenly begins to limp. If lameness does not go away within a few days, be sure to contact your veterinarian. Quite often, a torn ligament is treated surgically, and if this is done soon after the injury, the limb fully restores its function.

Hip dysplasia. A common cause of lameness, especially in large dogs, is a congenital defect - hip dysplasia. Dogs with dysplasia have an abnormal hip joint. Signs of dysplasia usually appear between 5 and 9 months of age, although affected dogs may not show signs of the disease. Obvious signs include hip pain, unsteady gait, bouncing when running, and difficulty getting up from a sitting or lying position. Dogs with this condition usually develop arthritis hip joint due to the increased stress this joint experiences. You can help prevent further deterioration by keeping your dog at a normal weight, monitoring his exercise, and keeping him in a dry and clean place.

Aspirin (Pirox, Voltaren) or another painkiller can improve your dog’s well-being. In severe cases, surgery can relieve pain. Breeds that are particularly susceptible to hip dysplasia should be x-rayed (this is recommended at two years of age). Only healthy dogs should be used as breeding dogs.

Vertebral disc displacement. Mixed discs, which are more common in some breeds than others, often lead to severe neck and back pain. The function of the discs is usually to cushion spinal cord concussions. However, when the material that makes up the disc protrudes too much into the spinal cord area, the dog experiences severe pain and neurological dysfunction can occur. Signs may include: stiff neck, limb weakness, gradual decrease in activity. Long or strong pressure on the spinal cord can lead to paralysis of the hind limbs, loss of bladder and/or bowel control (involuntary urination or defecation). If you suspect slipped discs, immediately restrict your dog's movement and contact your veterinarian. Veterinarians usually have to treat this pathology using anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medications. In severe cases, surgery is sometimes used.

Arthritis. The most common form of arthritis in dogs is osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease that causes pain, lameness and joint stiffness. Arthritis is sometimes simply associated with old age. Large dogs are more likely to suffer from it than small ones, and in obese dogs whose joints must support the extra weight, the symptoms are more severe. Many dogs benefit from painkillers.

The respiratory system includes the organs involved in the breathing process, that is, the organs and muscles inside the dog's body, as well as those that you can see - the nose and mouth. The following symptoms indicate a respiratory disease: - nasal discharge; - sneezing; - cough; - noisy or difficult breathing; - change or loss of voice; - abnormal sounds in the chest. Chronical bronchitis kennel dogs. Kennel cough, also known as infectious canine tracheobronchitis, easily spreads from one dog to another. The disease is believed to be caused by several viruses and a bacterium called Bordatella. Bronchiseptica.

Symptoms of the disease include an intermittent dry cough, which is sometimes accompanied by nasal discharge, but otherwise the dogs seem to be fine. This cough in itself is not life-threatening: many dogs recover within a few weeks. However, puppies and small dogs require special care. Any animal with this cough should be placed in warm, moist conditions and isolated from other dogs. Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics to prevent complications. In addition, against some viruses, causing cough nurseries, vaccinations are valid.

Bronchitis can develop after kennel cough or other debilitating respiratory infection. The dog has a persistent, dry, harsh cough, after which it may vomit or produce foamy saliva. The temperature may not be higher than normal, but the dog may not look well overall. Good loving care and appropriate medications will restore your dog's health.

Tracheal foreign body. Sudden attack severe cough may be caused by something getting into the trachea. This can happen immediately after your dog vomits or accidentally inhales a foreign body. Dogs usually clear their airways by coughing to remove the irritant, but when coughing doesn't help, you should quickly take your dog to the vet to have the item removed. Laryngitis. Like an overly vocal speaker, a dog who barks or coughs too much may become hoarse or lose his voice. Let the dog not strain his voice at all for a while; this, as well as treating the cough, will correct the situation. However chronic laryngitis may have another, more serious reason.

Throat paralysis. Throat paralysis occurs in large breeds and in middle and old age, but it can also occur. congenital disease Huskies and Bouviers de Flandres. It manifests itself as noisy breathing, which appears after physical or emotional stress.

Treatment consists of timely surgical intervention. Otherwise, the dog faces the possibility of laryngeal collapse (collapse of the walls of the larynx), which will further block the already limited air flow. A dog suffering from this serious condition needs immediate attention from a veterinarian.

Collapsed trachea is a congenital defect that occurs in small dogs. These dogs have abnormal noisy, labored breathing and are prone to coughing. This condition is rarely life-threatening, but sometimes surgery is required to correct the defect. You can help your dog by keeping him calm and maintaining a healthy weight, since obesity can worsen respiratory failure.

Cleft palate (cleft palate)- another congenital defect in which there is a hole between the oral and nasal cavities. This often prevents the puppy from suckling. One of the first signs of a cleft palate is nasal discharge. If the deformity is not too severe, the cleft can be repaired surgically.

Elongated soft palate. Dogs with elongated soft palate, and these are often representatives of short-faced breeds, have nasal discharge and breathe noisily, since the soft palate makes it difficult for air to pass through. You may notice that a dog with an elongated soft palate breathes through its mouth, making snoring sounds, or snores while sleeping.

Breathing problems increase in hot weather or physical stress, when the dog needs to take a deep breath. In most cases, surgery can restore normal breathing.

Rhinitis. A nasal infection, or rhinitis, can cause thick, greenish and foul-smelling nasal discharge. Irritation of the nasal mucosa during rhinitis is of bacterial or fungal origin. Treatment depends on the cause. After removal of foreign bodies, masses, or infected maxillary teeth, antibiotics are prescribed to eliminate the infection.

Narrowing of the nostrils. Another defect in short-nosed puppies is narrowed nostrils. When these dogs take a breath, their nostrils collapse and no air passes through. Foamy nasal discharge is typical. IN excited state Dogs with narrowed nostrils breathe through their mouths. In such cases, surgery may be indicated to widen the nostrils.

Foreign bodies in the nose. When dogs explore their surroundings, they can easily inhale a foreign object or get something sharp stuck in their nose. Experiencing discomfort, they will furiously scratch their nose with their paws and sneeze. You will notice nasal discharge, sometimes with blood. The foreign object must be removed as quickly as possible before it passes further into the nasal canal. Do not attempt to remove the item from this sensitive area on your own; let your veterinarian do so and prescribe antibiotics for possible infection.

Allergies. Sneezing and coughing may be your dog's reaction to allergies. The source of the problem may be dust, insect bites, food, volatile or irritants. Others typical symptoms Allergy attacks include watery eyes, itching, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. How to treat a dog's allergy depends on the cause.

The skin protects the organs and tissues inside the body from foreign substances, temperature fluctuations, and dehydration. It helps the body by synthesizing the necessary vitamins and providing a place where it is possible to process information about the world around us through sensations. The following symptoms may indicate skin problems: - itching; - redness, inflammation, wet spots; - peeling or dandruff; - scabs; - hair loss; - discoloration; - swelling; - purulent discharge; - tumors or lumps.

Allergy. Pollen, dust, mold, insect bites, flea collars, and even certain types of food often cause allergies in dogs. In this case, there is usually severe itching of the skin, which they scratch to get rid of the unpleasant sensation, and as a result it can become red and inflamed. Reactions to insect bites, poison ivy (rarely), or nettles may include hives or swelling. Other rarer signs of allergies include nasal discharge, sneezing, and watery eyes. An allergic reaction may also be accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea. Once you discover what is causing your dog's allergic reaction, try to eliminate it by isolating your dog from the allergen. If the reaction is caused by a flea collar, remove it immediately and give your dog a thorough bath. If it's a plastic food bowl, replace it with a glass or metal one. If you find your dog is allergic to flea bites (which is very common), get rid of the fleas and prevent further flea infestations. A dog with severe allergies may require medication and/or desensitization to allergens.

Seborrhea. A condition in which the skin is flaky or covered in greasy, yellowish-brown scales. This is caused by a problem in the formation of skin cells, and despite the fact that the dog is washed, it often makes noise. bad smell rancid fat. Seborrhea is usually incurable, but can be combated by regularly washing your dog with a special shampoo.

Ringworm. It is caused by a fungus that lives on the surface of the skin. These dogs often have round, scaly bald spots with loose hair. Inside these spots and along their edges there are often remains of split grayish fur. In severe cases of infection, there are large flaky patches on the body with reddened skin and lost hair. They may develop a crust, especially in young dogs. If your veterinarian does a skin scraping test and finds ringworm, he will prescribe an antifungal medication and advise you to treat all pets with it and immediately clean anything around your dog to get rid of the fungus spores. It is especially important to treat ringworm because it is transmitted to people through close contact with infected animals.

Infections. When the skin is damaged by a cut, puncture or scratch, it needs to be thoroughly cleaned and, if the damage is large, perhaps stitched. Either way, bacteria in the wound can cause inflammation, causing the area to become red and swollen, warm to the touch, and painful for your dog. The inflammation usually lasts for several days. If these signs progressively worsen and if tissue is present unhealthy looking and/or pus, which means there is an infection and the help of a veterinarian is required.

Pemphigus vulgare. This is one of several autoimmune diseases, in which cells destroy the body’s own tissue as foreign. In this case, the tongue, gums, lips, eyelids, anus, vulva, claw beds and nose are affected by ulcers, erosions, crusted and blistered.

An abscess is a collection of pus under the skin, usually caused by a bite or puncture. The area often appears red, swollen, and painful. Abscesses may be warm to the touch and iridescent, like liquid. They may break open and drain spontaneously, or may require opening with a scalpel and careful cleaning so that healing can occur. Never try to break through an abscess by squeezing it. As with other potentially serious cases, contact your veterinarian.

Cushing's syndrome. It occurs when the function of the adrenal glands is impaired. Dogs gradually lose hair on their sides and neck. The skin becomes thin, flaky, dry and darkened (pigmented). In the skin groin area, neck and back, calcium deposits may be observed. You may notice an increase in your dog's thirst and appetite, as well as urination frequency. Many dogs develop a bloated abdomen due to an enlarged liver and weakened muscles. abdominal wall. These dogs are more susceptible to infections, especially of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. Treatment for Cushing's syndrome depends on its cause. Surgery or medical treatment may be required.

Hypothyroidism. The thyroid glands secrete a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism throughout the body. Inadequate levels of the hormone cause the body to operate at a lower metabolic level. And then, with normal nutrition, the dog easily gets fat, becomes lethargic, and gets cold without apparent reason. The most noticeable changes are in the hair that falls out on the sides and back, skin pigmentation increases, peeling and seborrhea are observed. Secondary bacterial infection of the skin often occurs. The ears may also be affected and fill with a thick, yellowish, oily substance that can provoke inflammation. The level of functional activity of the thyroid gland is determined by blood tests, after which a course of appropriate hormonal medications is prescribed. Improvement is usually seen after three to four weeks, although seborrhea and hair loss may take several months to resolve.

Jaundice - yellowing of the skin, eyes, gums or ears - is not a disease in itself, but a signal of some kind of disorder in the body. Jaundice can be caused by leptospirosis, canine hepatitis and other diseases that affect the liver, as well as disorders associated with the destruction of red blood cells. Jaundice is usually accompanied by other signs of illness, all of which mean your dog needs to be taken to the vet.

Hot spots are a common, serious condition most commonly found in shaggy breeds. These round patches of painful, moist, swollen skin can appear unexpectedly anywhere on the body and grow in size and severity, causing distress for your dog. Hot spots should be treated by a veterinarian (who will trim, clean, and medicate them) before they grow, and the cause of the problem—fleas, clogged anal glands, etc.—should be identified and addressed.

Warts, or papillomas, are the result of a viral infection and usually appear around the lips or in the mouth of young dogs. Warts in puppies usually appear in groups; in older dogs they appear as separate growths. Warts are highly contagious and often spread throughout a litter of puppies and even affect an entire kennel. These are round or similar cauliflower gray fibrous growths can be of various sizes, from 3 mm to 5 cm in diameter. Warts do not affect the skin or spread to other parts of the body. They usually go away on their own over time, but if they cause discomfort or improve slowly, you may want to consider taking them. surgical removal. Dogs that have already had warts rarely get them again.

Calluses are common in large dogs and occur where the skin comes into contact with hard or rough surfaces, such as concrete. For the most part they are located on the elbows, outside shins, buttocks and sides of the limbs, where the skin is thick, gray, wrinkled and not covered with hair. If left untreated, calluses can develop into open, infected wounds. The best way to prevent calluses is to provide your dog with soft bedding.

Tumors are lumps that you may find in, on or under your dog's skin. If tumors grow slowly, are encapsulated, do not increase in number, and do not affect other parts of the dog's body, they are usually benign. If benign tumors are removed, they do not appear again. In contrast, malignant tumors are cancerous. They appear suddenly, grow quickly and affect the tissues surrounding them, and can break through the skin and bleed. These tumors may be hard and associated with a specific location on the dog's body. You should always be on the lookout for colored bumps or growths on the surface of the skin that suddenly begin to grow or bleed.

Another form of skin cancer is characterized by inflammation that does not heal in the proper time. All lumps and swellings should be taken to the vet immediately.

Shock is a syndrome that includes a decrease blood pressure, pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, decreased body temperature (less often - increased), shortness of breath, tachycardia, adynamia. In the pathogenesis of shock, the leading role is played by a decrease in blood pressure and impaired blood supply to organs, as well as strong pain for injuries.

Causes. The immediate causes of shock are a decrease in the volume of circulating blood due to blood loss, vomiting, and diarrhea; expansion of the vascular bed during anaphylaxis, intoxication; disseminated intravascular coagulation in septicemia, hemolytic anemia, intoxication; severe pain from injuries. State of shock may occur with the following diseases: parvovirus enteritis, leptospirosis, septicemia, piroplasmosis, peritonitis, pancreatitis, intoxication, anaphylaxis and other types of hypersensitivity immediate type, trauma, burn, bleeding, diarrhea, acute heart failure.

Symptomatic therapy. Anaphylactic shock: parenteral adrenomimetics (adrenaline), glucocorticoids (prednisolone), antihistamines (diphenhydramine), aminophylline; infusion therapy. Allergic reactions and diseases." Hemolytic shock: parenteral antihistamines (diphenhydramine), glucocorticoids (prednisolone), 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, 5% glucose solution, Ringer's solution, furosemide, perinephric novocaine blockade. See also "Diseases of the blood system. Anemia." Hemorrhagic shock: jet infusion of blood-substituting fluids (polyglucin, rheopolyglucin, Ringer's solution), 5% glucose solution; Analeptics (cordiamin, sulfocamphocaine), adrenergic agonists (adrenaline) are administered parenterally. In the future - multivitamins and iron supplements. Hypovolemic shock:

Infectious-toxic shock: infusion therapy, always with glucose solutions, glucocorticoids, contrical, gordox, analeptics (cordiamin). For the use of antimicrobial agents, see sections "Manipulations. Antimicrobial chemotherapy", as well as "Pathology postpartum period. Sepsis".

Traumatic shock : infusion therapy (polyglucin, hemodez, Ringer's solution, 5% glucose solution), on the second day - heparin. Local anesthesia is indicated. In all cases of shock, treatment must be started immediately and intensively.

Abdominal enlargement- increase in abdominal volume.

Causes: pregnancy, eating a large amount of food, helminthiases, an increase in the volume of individual organs of the abdominal or pelvic cavity, including constipation and tumors; peritonitis, ascites. In dogs, an increase in abdominal volume due to fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity(ascites) is usually associated with liver disease and heart failure. Accumulation of gas occurs with peritonitis. In females, it is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of pregnancy, mixometra, pyometra.

Symptomatic therapy. For ascites, diuretics, cardiac glycosides, and multivitamins are used. Puncture of the abdominal wall and evacuation of fluid are indicated. In other cases symptomatic therapy depends on the nature of the disease.

Liver diseases in dogs are one of the most frequently diagnosed diagnoses in veterinary practice. Of all cases of treatment they make up more than 5%. And these are only diagnosed pathologies. Often owners do not even suspect that the cause of the illness is liver disease in dogs. Despite the fact that it is one of the few organs capable of regenerating, the physiology of the liver determines high frequency pathogenic effects on its structure and functions.

The liver plays an important role in maintaining life. It is the main “filter” of toxic substances of endogenous and exogenous origin. Therefore, it comes under attack during intoxication of the body of various etiologies, and is a target for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and blood supply system.

Liver diseases can be divided into:

1. Primary – caused by direct mechanical or toxic effects on the organ.
2. Secondary – caused by systemic diseases of other organs.

Primary hepatopathologies include infectious hepatitis, which is caused by various strains of adenoviruses belonging to the Mastadenovirus genus. In dogs, liver pathology is caused by two strains:

• type 1 (CAV-1);
• type 2 (CAV-2).

They have varying degrees of infectivity, but are similar in their antigenic structure and immunogenic properties. The disease affects dogs of all breeds and ages, but is most often diagnosed in 2-6 month old puppies.

The source of infection is domestic dogs and wild carnivorous canines that carry the virus or sick animals. The infectious agent is released from biological fluids– mucus discharged from the eyes, nose, urine, and feces.

Infection occurs through contact - direct and indirect, or through consumption of contaminated meat or water. Also causes of hepatitis are:

Secondary hepatopathy is caused by various factors:

• pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (pancreatitis, gastroenterocolitis);
• and pathologies of blood vessels;
• endocrine pathologies (Cushing's disease);
• drug treatment (hormone therapy);
• abdominal trauma;
• exposure to toxic substances;
• oxygen starvation, etc.

The classification of liver pathologies also takes into account the location of the lesion. There are pathologies:

• hepatobiliary system, which includes not only the liver, but also gallbladder excretory ducts (cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis);
• parenchyma (internal tissue) of the liver (acute and chronic, fibrosis, amyloidosis, lipidosis (obesity)).

According to the duration of the course, pathologies are divided into:

• spicy;
• subacute;
• chronic.

In addition, liver diseases in dogs are classified into the following:

• inflammatory;
• non-inflammatory;
• neoplasia (malignant and benign tumors, gummas, cysts, abscess);
• vascular abnormalities (pylephlebitis, portal vein thrombosis, cardiac cirrhosis, congestive liver).

Some liver pathologies are genetically determined and characteristic of a certain breed of dog. For example, liver vascular abnormalities are most common in breeds such as dwarf spitz, Jack Russell terriers, Yorkshire terriers - in dwarf breeds.

Signs of liver disease

Symptoms of liver structure disorders are varied, as the functions performed by this organ are also varied. Every pathology has characteristic symptoms and liver damage common to all types. If more than 70% of the tissues of an organ are affected, then the following symptoms of disorders begin to appear:

A common sign of liver disease is painful sensations, because of which the dog whines, takes a forced position, and reacts negatively when palpating the liver area.

Inflammatory pathologies are accompanied by increased body temperature and febrile symptoms. When the liver is damaged by pathogenic fungi, the symptoms of the disease also manifest themselves in the form of dermatoses - the dog’s hair begins to fall out, bald spots form, and changes in the structure of the skin are visible. Some types of disorders are accompanied by the formation of bruises on the dog’s skin and enlarged lymph nodes.

IN initial stage liver diseases are asymptomatic or manifestations of pathology are attributed to other causes. Therefore, it is very important to consult a doctor in time to prevent the development of such serious complications, like liver cirrhosis and ascites, which are not treated and lead, sooner or later, to the death of the pet.

Methods for diagnosing liver diseases

The causes of some liver diseases in dogs are still unclear, and symptoms appear in late stages, with significant damage to the organ, or are disguised as other diseases. Therefore, it is very important to select diagnostic methods that will help identify the disease at an early stage and begin treatment on time.

In veterinary practice, time-tested methods and modern hardware and instrumental studies are used to clarify the diagnosis of liver diseases:

• visual inspection;
• palpating and tapping the liver area;
• ultrasound examination (ultrasound);
• radiography;
• endoscopic examination;
• diagnostic laparotomy;
• angiography (examination of blood vessels);
• liver tissue biopsy;
• biochemical and clinical analysis of blood and urine;
• serological tests;
• coprogram (stool examination);
• cytological analysis of fluid for ascites.

These diagnostic methods allow you to visually see changes, determine the cause of the pathology, and establish accurate diagnosis and exclude other diseases with similar symptoms. In addition, many methods allow you to monitor how effective the treatment is and adjust it in time. Based on the results obtained, the veterinarian develops a treatment regimen.

Methods of treating liver pathology

The main goal of treatment of liver pathologies in dogs is:

1. Elimination of pathogenic agents (viruses, bacteria, helminths, fungi).
2. Reduce exposure and stop the flow of toxic substances.
3. Relief of symptoms of the disease (symptomatic therapy).
4. Treatment of concomitant pathologies.

Treatment is aimed primarily at eliminating the causes and supporting the dog’s body for the period necessary to restore liver tissue. According to research, if the causes of the disease are eliminated, the liver recovers within 10-15 days. To restore liver function, use:

• drug therapy;
• physiotherapy;
• diet therapy;
• surgical treatment, for example, for congenital anomalies of the liver vessels or neoplasia.

Approximate diagram drug treatment presented in the table:

Types of liver pathology	Group of drugs	Purpose of influence	Drug name
Infectious hepatitis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Prevention after surgery	Antibiotics	Infectious agent (viruses, bacteria)	Ciprovet, Gentamicin, Sinulox, Clavulanate, Clavil, Metronidazole; Brovaseptol; Biovitin; Gramicidin;
; Acute liver failure; Infectious hepatitis; Hepatic encephalopathy; Septicemia due to liver failure	Saline and nutrient solutions	Restoration of water-salt balance and energy homeostasis, partial elimination of intoxication	Magnesium sulfate (25% solution); Glucose (40% solution); Isotonic NaCl solution; Ringer's solution; Lactasol, Fresenius
Hepatitis of various etiologies; Cirrhosis of the liver; Liver cancer (stages 1-2)	Enterosorbents	Detoxification of the body	Tsamaks; Silma Enterosgel; Polysorb; Activated carbon
Acute liver failure; Cirrhosis of the liver; Liver cancer	Antispasmodics and analgesics	Pain relief	Analgin; Baralgin; No-shpa; Naproxen; Ibuprofen; Ketanol; Kaprofen; Spazgan; Revalgin
Acute liver failure; Hepatitis of various etiologies; Hepatic encephalopathy; Cirrhosis of the liver; Liver cancer	Hepatoprotectors	Protecting liver tissue and accelerating its regeneration	Api-san Hepatoject; Hepatonic; VetExpert Hepatiale Forte; Hepatovet for dogs; Divopride, Covertal; Tioprotectin;

To quickly restore the animal, vitamin therapy is used using the following veterinary medications:

• Canvit Multi for dogs;
• Aminoxol;
• Canvit Fish Oil;
• Petvital Derm Caps, etc.

Scientists have obtained good results in the treatment of liver pathologies in dogs using a complex - preparations of cluster silver with large bile cattle and reflexology (dynamic electrical neurostimulation).

Often, treatment of liver diseases in dogs is a long and expensive process, therefore, in order to avoid the disease, it is necessary to regularly show the animal to a veterinarian, especially when genetic predisposition breeds to hepatosis, do everything necessary vaccinations, monitor the animal’s nutrition. The health of a dog largely depends on the responsible attitude of the animal owner.

- a rather rare phenomenon, especially with the right care and maintenance. But sometimes pet health still fails. In order not to panic, every owner should know what to do if your Pekingese gets sick .

Eye diseases

Ophthalmic diseases in Pekingese are the most common problems. Most of the eyes are bulging and not protected by the skull. Therefore, dogs often injure their eyes or introduce bacteria from outside.

Eye diseases:

• infection entering the inner layers of the cornea is accompanied by lacrimation and pain. The color of the discharge changes and becomes cloudy. You can try treating your eyes with antiseptics and using antibacterial drops. If there is no effect within 3 days, you should consult your doctor;
• Cataracts are common in old age - the main symptom is progressive loss of vision and a cloudy white center of the pupil;
• eversion of the eyelids - this is facilitated by the structure of the tissues around the Pekingese eye. Often develops as a result of injury. Dog whines , since the affected eye is very painful. Upon examination, the edge of the lower eyelid and eyelashes are in contact with the cornea. When providing first aid, you must have a solution of 0.9% sodium chloride with you and rinse the eye area. Then it is advisable to apply a gauze bandage and go to the clinic. You need to know that untreated ectropion becomes scarred over time and can deprive your pet of his vision.

Respiratory diseases

The Pekingese owes its cute face to its unique skull structure. But the same anatomy contributes to the development of lesions respiratory system. Due to the short and wide nasal passages, cold air does not have time to heat up and be purified, so pets easily become hypothermic and overheated, respectively. The owner should not miss the beginning of such diseases , How:

• inflammation of the trachea - accompanied by a frequent dry cough;
• bronchitis – cough bothers the dog almost constantly, even during sleep;
• laryngitis – hoarse voice, rare cough;
• heatstroke - Pekingese it becomes sharp sluggish , drowsy, refuses to eat. Breathing becomes noisy and heavy. The respiratory rate increases or, conversely, decreases.

All of the above symptoms require immediate visit veterinarian. The owner himself will not be able to navigate the disease of the respiratory system and risks causing the pet to develop pneumonia. In case of sunstroke, immediate health care simply necessary.

Diseases of the spine and limbs

Thanks to the long body length and short paws The Pekingese spine is also subject to overload. Conditions such as:

• osteochondrosis – the dog whines because she's being bothered pain . Touching the back area is sharply painful;
• the appearance of a hernia - most often the cause is a jump from a height. Spinal pain is accompanied by a lag in movements in the paw on the affected side. It is difficult for the Pekingese to change body position: stand up or lie down;
• arthritis – may be the result of hypothermia. The dog does not use the affected limb when walking and drags it. The inflamed joint increases in volume.

If you experience such symptoms, you should also consult your doctor. In case of hernia or arthritis surgery may be needed.

Stool disorders

Rare chair

The most common cause of constipation is proper nutrition Pekingese, anal malformations or swallowed foreign body. From more dangerous reasons there may be neoplasms, poisoning, intestinal blockage and others.

The owner's actions in the event of this problem should be as follows:

• giving an enema or using laxatives;
• It may be necessary to use a no-shpa - if the dog does not allow you to touch its stomach, the muscles are tense.

In prolonged cases of absence of stool (about a week) or the appearance of fever, blood from the anus, or vomiting, be sure to contact a veterinary clinic.

Frequent loose stools

Loose stools are dangerous if they last for at least 7 days. It is caused by errors in nutrition or infectious damage to the intestines and liver.

Treatment diarrhea consists of fasting for a day with a small amount of drink. Crushed tablets can be used activated carbon at a rate of about 1 gram per kilogram of dog weight. If these measures do not reduce the frequency of stool, check with your veterinarian for further tactics.

Fever

The Pekingese's normal temperature ranges around 39 degrees when measured rectally. The dog whines and trembles , appetite is disturbed.

Fever may develop due to:

• imbalance of heat production and heat transfer in summer, or in small puppies;
• as a result of infection;
• development of an inflammatory focus;
• presence of a tumor;

At fever above 40 degrees, you need to take paracetamol, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid in the form of candles.

Damage to the kidneys and bladder

At cystitis the dog begins to urinate on carpets and corners of the house, even if it was previously clean.

If the Pekingese started write in blood, whine in this case, you must immediately consult a doctor. These symptoms may be a sign urolithiasis and the start of blockage urinary tract. Treatment is only an operation.

Pekingese diseases in old age

In old age the main diseases concern the kidneys and heart. It has also been repeatedly noted that with defects care In older dogs, lesions of the skin, ears and teeth are more quickly detected. Problems with the coat often arise: it loses its shine, becomes thin and dull, and becomes tangled more often. To reduce such symptoms, it is necessary to include vitamins in the animal’s diet or use food for older people.

Generally this breed has good health. If the owner of the dog regularly conducts inspections, monitors its condition, changes in behavior, in time vaccinate a Pekingese, most of the above problems can be avoided.

Characterized as fairly healthy dogs.

Life expectancy is 14-16 years old.

Some representatives of this breed live over 20 years.

Taking care of your Pekingese's health

At good care staying healthy is easy. The owner must comply preventive actions which are aimed at preventing infection infectious diseases, such as rabies, canine distemper, hepatitis. Regular, timely vaccination will help avoid these dangerous diseases and keep your Pekingese healthy. Another important procedure is treatment against ticks, fleas and other insects. Despite enough good health, there are diseases caused physiological characteristics this breed.

Daily eye care

Nature has adorned the Pekingese with large, slightly protruding eyes. Due to their flattened muzzle, they are constantly at risk, so require special care and attention.

Eyes are examined every day, wipe with a dry, soft, lint-free cloth. Healthy organs of vision look shiny, wide open, without cloudy spots.

First warning signs- blue-gray cloudiness, red streaks in the eyeball. There is profuse lacrimation and frequent blinking. The injured organ of vision becomes inflamed, causing discomfort to the pet. Pay attention to the dog's behavior: she rubs her head on some object, rubs her muzzle with her paw.

Pekingese eye diseases

Organs of vision - the most “sick” place of the Pekingese. They suffer from debris, hair, dust. While walking you can easily get injured prickly grass, protruding branches. Eyes can get sick due to drafts and infections.

Common diseases are:

• conjunctivitis,
• cataract,
• corneal erosion.

Incorrect treatment can lead to vision loss. It is difficult to diagnose the disease yourself, so treatment must be prescribed by a veterinarian.

To provide first aid you need to have eye drops. The choice of drugs for the organs of vision is quite large. The veterinary clinic will tell you what specific medications to use.

Congenital visual defects ( double row of eyelashes, inversion of the eyelid) are eliminated surgically.

What to do if a Pekingese's eye "falls out"

Problems with the organs of vision arise, as a rule, as a result of injuries. Pekingese are bully by nature. The main cause of eye loss is fights with other dogs.

Experienced dog owners can insert the eyeball back on their own. For this spread the eyelids wide, press on the eyeball with your fingers. The procedure must be carried out before the eyeball begins to swell.

It's best to consult a veterinarian. For a damaged organ of vision apply a sterile cloth moistened saline solution , and take the dog to the veterinarian. The sooner you arrive at the veterinary hospital, the greater the chance of saving your eye.

Important! To avoid eye injury, you should walk your pet on a leash, avoid contact with aggressive animals, and choose a place without large bushes and tall grass.

Pekingese diseases, their symptoms and treatment

Spinal diseases

The relatively long and heavy body of the Pekingese creates a load on the spine, provokes diseases. If the dog does not want to play, behaves too calmly, once again tries not to move - this indicates problems with the spine.

Common disease - displacement or destruction of intervertebral discs. It is believed that the disease is not associated with spinal injuries, but is hereditary. Still, do not allow your pet to go down the stairs on its own.

The disease is determined by the behavior of the Pekingese. When the dog is picked up, she squeals, tenses her abdominal muscles, trying to prevent movement in the spine. Therefore, the disease is mistaken for abdominal pain.

To ease your pet's suffering, try restrict his movements. Place him in a carrier so he can't move. They take the pet out of there just to relieve themselves.

A visit to a veterinary hospital is inevitable. After the examination, the veterinarian will prescribe treatment. Severe cases suggest surgery.

Heatstroke

The main decoration of the Pekingese is its long, luxurious coat with a thick undercoat. Because of this feature They do not tolerate heat well and are often subject to heatstroke.

Rapid, heavy breathing indicates heatstroke. Correct maintenance is maintained in the dog keeping area temperature regime. This will keep your pet healthy and protect against heat stroke.

Important! Don't leave your pet in a locked car in the heat. Heatstroke can lead to death.

In case of heatstroke the dog is taken to a cool place, the stomach is wiped with a cloth, moistened with cold water.

Make sure the bowl always contains fresh water. To prevent heat stroke in summer, anyone who does not plan to participate in exhibitions can give your Pekingese a haircut.

Anal gland problems

A common cause of constipation in Pekingese is blockage of anal glands. The glands are located near the anus.

If the dog tries to reach the butt with his teeth, rolls his butt on the floor, has difficulty bowel movement, then it’s time to clean the anal glands. The procedure is carried out in every veterinary hospital.

What to do if you have seizures

Represent involuntary contraction muscles and are accompanied by painful sensations.

Causes:

• a sharp decrease in blood sugar levels;
• liver damage;
• damage to the nervous system;
• cerebral circulatory disorders;
• lack of calcium;
• intoxication of the body.

During convulsions, remove objects that the dog can get hurt.

Convulsions vary in duration, rate of contraction, number of repetitions. Try to observe how long they last in your dog and which muscles tense:

• several seconds pass, all muscles contract, the pace of contractions is jerky;
• lasts several minutes, muscles contract slowly;
• repeated several times over a short period of time, contractions are frequent.

Please note does the dog lose consciousness. The recorded information will help the veterinarian determine the cause, establish the disease, and begin treatment.

Important! If seizures last more than 10 minutes or occur more than twice a day, contact your veterinarian immediately.

How to treat urethritis in Pekingese

Urethritis is a disease of the genitourinary organs, in which the urethra becomes inflamed, swelling of the mucous membrane occurs, which complicates the excretion of urine. The dog tries to go to the toilet and cannot. With urethritis, the temperature rises, thirst appears, and appetite disappears. Males are more often affected by this disease.

Causes:

• castration;
• infection;
• hypothermia (when lying on cold ground);
• urolithiasis disease.

The medications and treatment regimen for urethritis are determined at the veterinary hospital. If it is infectious, antibiotics are prescribed. If the cause is urolithiasis, then surgery to remove the stones is required. If there is a blockage in the urethra, your veterinarian will drain the urine through a catheter.

Tick ​​bite

Ticks carry deadly diseases. The liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, and nervous system are affected. Because of the Pekingese's thick coat, it is difficult to detect these insects.

When bitten by a tick, the dog is lethargic within three hours, refuses food, she becomes nauseous. The pet's gait becomes uncertain, weakness of the hind limbs is observed, the temperature rises, the urine is colored dark color, there may be some blood.

The tick must be found and removed, so examine your dog carefully. Head, ears, neck - these are the “favorite” places. The bite site is moistened with vegetable oil, wait 3-4 minutes, Unscrew the tick counterclockwise with tweezers.

If you have symptoms of illness, contact a veterinary hospital immediately! There they will prescribe treatment, give you an injection, and put on an IV.

remember, that determine the cause of your pet's illness and only a veterinarian can prescribe treatment.

Useful video

Video about luxation (loss) of the eyeball in a Pekingese: