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The most commonly used salicylate drug is acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Aspirin is a drug that relieves pain (analgesic), relieves fever (antipyretics), thins the blood (anticoagulant).
It belongs to a group of drugs called analgesics.
Aspirin primarily prevents inflammation, acts as a pain reliever, and reduces fever. Many of these effects of aspirin can reduce the production of prostaglandins and thromboxane.
Prostaglandins are hormones that are produced in the body and are responsible for transmitting pain information to the brain.
Thromboxanes are responsible for the accumulation of platelets, which lead to the formation of blood clots. A heart attack is mainly due to blood clots and can be prevented with small amounts of aspirin. A side effect of this is that the blood clotting ability is reduced, which can cause excessive bleeding with frequent aspirin use.
- The use of aspirin.
Aspirin is the most popular medicine for relieving headaches and toothaches. It is used to treat flu-like symptoms and to reduce fever in adults (over 16 years of age). Aspirin is also used to reduce muscle soreness after exercise.
Aspirin is used in lower doses to reduce the binding of platelets to each other and prevent unwanted blood clots from occurring. Thus, aspirin is used in the treatment of heart disorders, in particular myocardial infarction. To date, there is no data available for the use of this drug in cancer prevention.
Most common cases in which aspirin is believed to have beneficial effects:
- stroke;
- rheumatic diseases;
- infectious diseases;
- complications during pregnancy (with caution) - preeclampsia (hypertension during pregnancy);
- Colon cancer - there are many studies that prove the preventive properties of aspirin against this type of cancer, but its use as a treatment for colon cancer should be avoided at this time;
- diabetes - ischemic disease heart disease, stroke and kidney failure are common complications diabetes mellitus.
- Alzheimer's disease.
Most often, aspirin is taken in pill form but it also exists in the form of powders and suppositories for rectal administration.
The tablets are swallowed whole and washed down with a glass of water. In contrast, chewable tablets aspirin can be chewed. The tablets begin to work for some time after they are taken. Stop taking aspirin if the fever lasts more than three days, if the pain lasts longer than 10 days, or if the joints are painful or swollen.
- Contraindications
- breast-feeding;
- age under 16;
- asthma or other allergic diseases;
- stomach ulcer;
- liver or kidney problems;
- you have gout;
- blood disease (hemophilia);
- frequent alcohol consumption;
- if you have ever had an allergic or unusual reaction to any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and ibuprofen.
- Combining aspirin with others medicines.
Talk with your doctor if you are taking any other over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements and herbal products.
Take special care when taking certain medications such as:
- angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as perindopril, moexipril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril;
- anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin and heparin
- beta blockers such as atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol;
- diuretics;
- medicines for diabetes or arthritis;
- medicines for gout such as probenecid and sulfinpyrazone;
- other NSAIDs such as naproxen;
- phenytoin.
You may need to adjust your medication dosage.
- Side effects and complications of taking aspirin.
The most common side effects when taking aspirin - nausea or vomiting, indigestion, allergic reactions (more often in asthmatics).
With the systematic use of aspirin, a number of complications can occur in various systems and organs.
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Endoscopic lesions in the stomach lining appear in most people who take aspirin once a day.
- Gastric bleeding has been reported in approximately 3% of older people.
- Rectal ulceration and stenosis have been reported in people who abuse aspirin in rectal suppositories.
- The risk of developing dyspepsia (i.e. epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea, ulcers) when taking large amounts of aspirin.
- Gastrointestinal upset (in 83% of people who took aspirin regularly), abdominal discomfort or pain, nausea and vomiting.
- More serious disorders include bleeding, ulcerative ulcers, perforation small intestine.
- Kidney - Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the kidneys, which leads to decreased renal blood flow. In people with heart failure and cirrhosis, administration of aspirin leads to acute renal failure, although on rare occasions.
- Asthma - Side effects include hypersensitivity bronchospasm, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis. Approximately 10% to 30% of asthmatics are sensitive to aspirin.
- Metabolic side effects include dehydration and hyperkalemia.
- Cardiac side effects include conduction disturbances and hypotension.
- Side effects affecting the central nervous system include confusion, cerebral edema, coma, dizziness, headache, bleeding in the skull, lethargy, and seizures.
- Respiratory side effects include hyperpnea, pulmonary edema, and tachypnea.
- Endocrine side effects include hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
- Aspirin overdose.
Long-term overdose of aspirin can be fatal.
We have all heard about the drug "Aspirin", which is one of the most used drugs. But many do not know about its true purpose and side effects from overdose.
What is "Aspirin" and its properties
The drug Aspirin is used as a pain reliever. The main part of its composition is acetylsalicylic acid, which is a synthetic derivative of the salicylic mixture. This substance has natural origin, is obtained mainly from plants and trees, for example, from willow bark. Aspirin is the most widely used and best known of all analgesics on the pharmaceutical market. It is anti-inflammatory and can be used to treat mild to moderate pain, including headache, toothache, and muscle pain. In addition, aspirin also treats colds, relieves high temperature and relieves inflammation.
There are two types of tablets available for use: coated and uncoated. The latter have a rough surface white, while tablets coated with a dissolving smooth coating have a smooth and shiny surface. Coated aspirin can help prevent indigestion and abdominal discomfort.
Aspirin has been found to have many other indications besides pain and colds. Proven that the application of this drug reduces inflammation and swelling in trauma and arthritis, accelerates the recovery process in the body after cardiovascular surgery, reduces the risk of certain types of cancer. Also, aspirin has an antiplatelet and anticoagulant effect, which prevents blood from clotting in the body. Due to this property, the drug is often used to prevent heart attacks and strokes in low doses.
Aspirin should be taken with food, milk, or water to avoid stomach irritation. The daily dose ranges from 50 mg to 6000 mg, depending on the situation. Below is a list of various diseases and the recommended dosage for each one.
- For mild to moderate pain, take 350 mg or 650 mg every 4 hours, or 500 mg every 6 hours;
- For rheumatoid arthritis, take 500 mg every 4-6 hours, or 650 mg every 4 hours;
- If you have heart attacks or strokes, take 81 mg, 162 mg, and 325 mg daily.
Side effects
Regardless of how long it is used, and despite its many benefits, aspirin has side effects that can lead to mild or serious health complications. Below we present a list of side effects:
-
Heartburn or stomach irritation
Aspirin, when used, can irritate the stomach lining, thereby causing heartburn, which can be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and indigestion. These side effects can lead to serious complications, so if you experience these symptoms, consult your doctor.
-
Allergic reactions
Some people have an increased sensitivity to aspirin, as a result of which, after use, an allergic reaction may occur: swelling of the lips, tongue, nose, itchy nose, trouble breathing, rash and dizziness. If you notice any of the above symptoms, see your doctor.
-
During pregnancy or breastfeeding
Aspirin use is not safe for an unborn child, it can cause heart problems, reduce birth weight, and other serious consequences for the future baby. Women who are breastfeeding should also avoid taking aspirin as it can pass through breast milk and harm the health of the baby, therefore, pregnant or lactating women should consult a doctor about taking aspirin.
-
Bleeding after surgery
The use of aspirin before surgery should be avoided as it has an anticoagulant and blood thinning effect. Taking aspirin before surgical intervention can lead to large blood loss and profuse bleeding.
-
Liver problems
Long-term or excessive use of aspirin can harm your liver, as an overdose of this drug usually leads to liver dysfunction, which can lead to serious complications in the future.
-
Renal failure
Regular use of aspirin can cause analgesic nephropathy. This is a kidney injury that occurs with prolonged use of pain relievers, in the future it can lead to kidney failure.
-
The occurrence of Reye's syndrome in children and adolescents
Reye's (Reye's) syndrome is a disease that can lead to death as a result of vital important organs human, mainly the brain and liver. The cause of the syndrome is unknown, but it usually occurs in children or adolescents who take aspirin to treat flu, fever, or pain relief. Early symptoms Reye's syndrome is nausea, vomiting and a change in the child's behavior. Parents should consult a doctor before taking aspirin for children and adolescents.
-
Hemorrhagic stroke
Many people know that aspirin is used to prevent heart attacks and strokes by thinning the blood in the body. However, this effect of aspirin can lead to cerebral hemorrhage, which, in turn, leads to the risk of stroke.
-
Hearing impairment and tinnitus
The systematic use of aspirin can lead to the so-called "ringing" in the ears, which in the future can initiate irreversible hearing impairment. If you notice the appearance of tinnitus, you should immediately consult a doctor.
-
If you have asthma
If you have asthma, take aspirin very carefully as it can trigger an asthma attack with fatal complications. People with asthma should be supervised to use aspirin.
-
Provokes skin problems
With prolonged use of aspirin, skin capillaries become weakened, resulting in bruising and bruising. Using aspirin with other drugs can sometimes cause skin reactions such as swelling, redness, and swelling. If you notice any of the above symptoms, see your doctor for advice.
-
Provokes gout attacks
Taking aspirin, even in small doses, can cause serious health problems if you suffer from gout. Low doses of the drug increase the number of attacks this disease, and also prevent the excretion uric acid... People with gout should talk to their doctor about taking aspirin to avoid complications.
-
Injury to the stomach and small intestine
As mentioned above, aspirin can cause bleeding in the body, which can lead to injury to the stomach and small intestine, and then to the appearance of an ulcer. These symptoms can lead to serious problems with health.
Precautionary measures
The occurrence of side effects can be avoided if the dosage is correctly calculated and the rules of admission are followed. Always remember that any drug must be used as directed or under the supervision of a doctor. Below is a list of contraindications for aspirin use:
- For women in position, taking aspirin is contraindicated, especially in the last 3 months of pregnancy, since the drug can cause health problems for the unborn child;
- Elderly people should take aspirin with caution, as it can provoke stomach and intestinal problems;
- You can not combine taking aspirin with alcohol and tobacco, this can increase the risk of stomach bleeding.
Aspirin has a wide range action, and is a salvation from pain, seizures, and colds however, be aware of its side effects. Always use aspirin only in the recommended doses, and preferably only after consulting a doctor, and then unpleasant consequences will bypass you!
What else is useful?
In this article, you can read the instructions for use medicinal product Acetylsalicylic acid ... Feedback from website visitors - consumers are presented of this medicine, as well as the opinions of medical specialists on the use of Acetyl salicylic acid in my practice. A big request to more actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, which may not have been declared by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogs of Acetylsalicylic acid in the presence of available structural analogs. Use for treatment inflammatory diseases, fever, headache, toothache and other pain in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.
Acetylsalicylic acid- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects, and also inhibits platelet aggregation. The mechanism of action is associated with inhibition of the activity of COX, the main enzyme of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which is a precursor of prostaglandins, which play the main role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, pain and fever. A decrease in the content of prostaglandins (mainly E1) in the center of thermoregulation leads to a decrease in body temperature due to vasodilation of the skin and an increase in sweating. The analgesic effect is due to both central and peripheral action... Reduces platelet aggregation, adhesion and thrombus formation by suppressing the synthesis of thromboxane A2 in platelets.
Reduces mortality and the risk of developing myocardial infarction with unstable angina... Effective with primary prevention diseases cordially- vascular system and in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. In a daily dose of 6 grams or more, it suppresses the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver and increases the prothrombin time. Increases the fibrinolytic activity of plasma and decreases the concentration of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (2, 7, 9, 10). Increases hemorrhagic complications during surgical interventions, increases the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant therapy. Stimulates the excretion of uric acid (disrupts its reabsorption in the renal tubules), but in high doses. Blockade of COX-1 in the gastric mucosa leads to inhibition of gastroprotective prostaglandins, which can cause ulceration of the mucous membrane and subsequent bleeding.
Pharmacokinetics
When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed mainly from the proximal small intestine and to a lesser extent from the stomach. The presence of food in the stomach significantly alters the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid. It is metabolized in the liver by hydrolysis to form salicylic acid, followed by conjugation with glycine or glucuronide. The concentration of salicylates in blood plasma is variable.
About 80% of salicylic acid binds to blood plasma proteins. Salicylates easily penetrate into many tissues and body fluids, incl. into the spinal, peritoneal and synovial fluid... In small amounts, salicylates are found in the brain tissue, traces in bile, sweat, and feces. It quickly penetrates the placental barrier, excreted in small quantities in breast milk.
In newborns, salicylates can displace bilirubin from the association with albumin and contribute to the development of bilirubin encephalopathy.
Penetration into the joint cavity is accelerated in the presence of hyperemia and edema and slows down in the proliferative phase of inflammation.
It is excreted mainly by active secretion in the renal tubules unchanged (60%) and in the form of metabolites.
Indications
- rheumatism;
- rheumatoid arthritis;
- infectious and allergic myocarditis;
- fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- pain syndrome low and medium intensity of various origins(including neuralgia, myalgia, headache);
- prevention of thrombosis and embolism;
- primary and secondary prevention myocardial infarction;
- prevention of violations cerebral circulation by ischemic type;
- in gradually increasing doses for prolonged "aspirin" desensitization and the formation of persistent NSAID tolerance in patients with "aspirin" asthma and "aspirin triad".
Forms of issue
Tablets 250 mg and 500 mg.
Instructions for use and dosage
Individual. For adults single dose varies from 40 mg to 1 g, daily - from 150 mg to 8 g; frequency of application - 2-6 times a day. It is preferable to drink it with milk or alkaline mineral waters.
Side effect
- nausea, vomiting;
- anorexia;
- epigastric pain;
- diarrhea;
- the emergence of erosive ulcerative lesions;
- bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract;
- dizziness;
- headache;
- reversible visual impairment;
- noise in ears;
- thrombocytopenia, anemia;
- hemorrhagic syndrome;
- lengthening of bleeding time;
- impaired renal function;
- acute renal failure;
- skin rash;
- Quincke's edema;
- bronchospasm;
- "aspirin triad" (a combination of bronchial asthma, recurrent polyposis of the nose and paranasal sinuses and intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid and pyrazolone drugs);
- Reye's (Raynaud's) syndrome;
- increased symptoms of chronic heart failure.
Contraindications
- erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in the acute phase;
- gastrointestinal bleeding;
- "aspirin triad";
- a history of indications of urticaria, rhinitis caused by the intake of acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs;
- hemophilia;
- hemorrhagic diathesis;
- hypoprothrombinemia;
- dissecting aortic aneurysm;
- portal hypertension;
- vitamin K deficiency;
- hepatic and / or renal failure;
- deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
- Reye's syndrome;
- children's age (up to 15 years - the risk of developing Reye's syndrome in children with hyperthermia on the background viral diseases);
- 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy;
- lactation period;
- hypersensitivity to acetylsalicylic acid and other salicylates.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
Contraindicated for use in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. In the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, a one-time admission is possible according to strict indications.
It has a teratogenic effect: when used in the 1st trimester, it leads to the development of cleavage upper sky, in the 3rd trimester - causes inhibition generic activity(inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis), premature closure of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus, pulmonary hyperplasia and hypertension in the pulmonary circulation.
Acetylsalicylic acid is excreted in breast milk, which increases the risk of bleeding in a child due to dysfunction of platelets, therefore, acetylsalicylic acid should not be used in the mother during lactation.
special instructions
Use with caution in patients with liver and kidney disease, with bronchial asthma, erosive and ulcerative lesions and a history of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, with increased bleeding or while conducting anticoagulant therapy, decompensated chronic heart failure.
Acetylsalicylic acid, even in small doses, reduces the excretion of uric acid from the body, which can cause acute attack gout in predisposed patients. When conducting long-term therapy and / or the use of acetylsalicylic acid in high doses requires medical supervision and regular monitoring of hemoglobin levels.
The use of acetylsalicylic acid as an anti-inflammatory agent in a daily dose of 5-8 grams is limited due to the high likelihood of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract.
Before surgery, to reduce bleeding during surgery and during postoperative period you should stop taking salicylates for 5-7 days.
During prolonged therapy, it is necessary to carry out general analysis blood and fecal occult blood test.
The use of acetylsalicylic acid in pediatrics is contraindicated, since in the case of viral infection in children, under the influence of acetylsalicylic acid, the risk of developing Reye's syndrome increases. The symptoms of Reye's syndrome are prolonged vomiting, acute encephalopathy, liver enlargement.
The duration of treatment (without consulting a doctor) should not exceed 7 days when prescribed as analgesic and more than 3 days as an antipyretic.
During the period of treatment, the patient should refrain from drinking alcohol.
Drug interactions
With the simultaneous use of antacids containing magnesium and / or aluminum hydroxide, slow down and reduce the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid.
With the simultaneous use of blockers calcium channels, drugs that limit the flow of calcium or increase the excretion of calcium from the body, the risk of bleeding increases.
With simultaneous use with acetylsalicylic acid, the effect of heparin and indirect anticoagulants, hypoglycemic agents of sulfonylurea derivatives, insulin, methotrexate, phenytoin, valproic acid is enhanced.
With simultaneous use with GCS, the risk of ulcerogenic action and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding increases.
With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide) decreases.
With the simultaneous use of other NSAIDs, the risk of side effects increases. Acetylsalicylic acid can reduce plasma concentrations of indomethacin, piroxicam.
When used simultaneously with gold preparations, acetylsalicylic acid can induce liver damage.
With simultaneous use, the effectiveness of uricosuric agents decreases (including probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone).
With the simultaneous use of acetylsalicylic acid and sodium alendronate, severe esophagitis may develop.
With the simultaneous use of griseofulvin, a violation of the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid is possible.
A case of spontaneous hemorrhage into the iris is described when taking ginkgo biloba extract against the background of long-term use of acetylsalicylic acid at a dose of 325 mg per day. It is believed that this may be due to an additive inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.
With simultaneous use with acetylsalicylic acid, the concentration of digoxin, barbiturates and lithium salts in the blood plasma increases.
With the simultaneous use of salicylates in high doses with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, intoxication with salicylates is possible.
Acetylsalicylic acid in doses less than 300 mg per day has little effect on the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril. When using acetylsalicylic acid in high doses, it is possible to reduce the effectiveness of captopril and enalapril.
With the simultaneous use of caffeine increases the rate of absorption, plasma concentration and bioavailability of acetylsalicylic acid.
When using pentazocine in the background long-term intake acetylsalicylic acid in high doses there is a risk of developing severe adverse reactions from the side of the kidneys.
With the simultaneous use of phenylbutazone reduces uricosuria caused by acetylsalicylic acid.
With simultaneous use, ethanol can enhance the effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the gastrointestinal tract.
Analogs of the drug Acetylsalicylic acid
Structural analogues for the active substance:
- Anopyrin;
- ASK cardio;
- Aspikor;
- Aspinat;
- Aspinat Cardio;
- Aspirin "York";
- Aspirin;
- Aspirin 1000;
- Aspirin Cardio;
- Acecardol;
- Acenterin;
- Acetylsalicylic acid Cardio;
- Acetylsalicylic acid MS;
- Acetylsalicylic acid-Lect;
- Acetylsalicylic acid-Rusfar;
- Acetylsalicylic acid-UBF;
- Acylpyrine;
- Azsbirin;
- Bufferin;
- Zorex Morning;
- CardiASK;
- Colpharitis;
- Mikristin;
- Plidol 100;
- Plidol 300;
- Taspir;
- Thrombotic ACC;
- Thrombopol;
- Walsh-asalgin;
- Upsarin UPSA;
- H-el-Payne.
In the absence of analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases for which the corresponding drug helps, and see the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.
It is not uncommon for patients to self-medicate as soon as they feel they are getting colds, flu, or other infections. It seems to many that there are a number of safe drugs that you can drink without seeking a doctor's recommendation. For some reason, this group of "safe" drugs, as a rule, is headed by acetylsalicylic acid. Side effects of this drug most of he does not even undertake to study such patients and are very surprised when, instead of positive dynamics, they worsen their health. Doctors themselves advise to use these pills very carefully, as they can be quite dangerous for a certain group of people. And even more so, you should not drink them for any ailment. In the article we will consider what acetylsalicylic acid is, the side effects and complications caused by it, as well as a list of indications for admission.
A little about the drug familiar from childhood
If our mothers and grandmothers represented all the side effects of acetylsalicylic acid, they would not give it at the slightest complaints about headache and suspected colds. The apparent safety of the drug with its real high efficiency leads to its frequent and uncontrolled use, which, in turn, becomes the cause of the development of various diseases.
If the side effects of acetylsalicylic acid are not addressed, and give it short description, then we can say that the medicine has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. This makes tablets an indispensable ingredient. home first aid kit, besides, they cost mere pennies.
On closer inspection, the active substance of the drug has a crystalline structure. They resemble small needles with a subtle scent. The taste of the medicine is close to slightly acidic.
In the instructions for use of acetylsalicylic acid tablets, it is noted that they are extremely poorly soluble in water. room temperature... If you still need to take the drug in liquid form, then pour it into a glass hot water and the tablet will dissolve easily in it. Pharmacists know very well that ethanol and solutions of some alkalis give the same effect. However, it is strictly forbidden to conduct such an experiment.
Acetylsalicylic acid tablets (we will talk about side effects a little later) are round in shape with a scored. The color of the preparation resembles white marble, and no deviations from this shade are allowed.
Composition and form of release
In reviews of acetylsalicylic acid, patients never even touch upon the issue of its form of release. And this is quite natural, because from the first moment of its appearance on pharmacy counters, the drug was produced only in the form of tablets. In the eighties, effervescent aspirin, as acetylsalicylic acid is also called among the common people, was popular. Today, you can purchase one or another version of the drug. However, pharmacists themselves still advise adults to take acetylsalicylic acid tablets.
The instructions for use always indicate the complete composition of the drug. His active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid. Each tablet contains five hundred milligrams.
Also, do not forget about auxiliary components. There are not too many of them, so drug allergies are extremely rare. The list of additional substances includes:
- povidone;
- stearic acid;
- talc;
- potato starch;
- lactose monohydrate.
All of these components are found in tablets at a very low concentration. Usually we are talking about thousandths, so many patients do not even take the time to carefully study the composition of the drug.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
The main effects of acetylsalicylic acid on the patient's body are provided by some of its properties. We will talk about them in detail in this section.
When taken orally, acetylsalicylic acid reaches its maximum concentration in about two hours. It should be borne in mind that the drug very easily penetrates into all tissues, cells and body fluids.
Occurs in the liver, but metabolites result laboratory analyzes can show up in the urine and tissues of the patient. Up to sixty percent of the drug is excreted through the kidneys. If acetylsalicylic acid is taken in small amounts, then it will be completely eliminated from the body in about three hours. At high doses of the drug, this time interval will increase to thirty hours. The average time for elimination of substances from the patient's body is fifteen hours.
It should be noted that the tablets are very quickly absorbed, getting into gastric tract the patient. Almost eighty percent of the substances bind to plasma proteins, which indicates the high activity of acetylsalicylic acid. In the reviews, patients often write that they experienced relief literally thirty minutes after taking the medicine.
Indications for use
Taking acetylsalicylic acid may be indicated for certain health problems. They all fall into two groups:
- pain syndrome;
- elevated temperature body.
Often, pain overtakes a person suddenly and disrupts his usual rhythm of life. Therefore, most people use pain relievers, among which our drug is far from the last. You can drink acetylsalicylic acid for pain in the joints, muscles and throat. The medicine is effective for headaches, and besides them, tablets can be removed and characteristic discomfort in women during menstruation. Often, the drug removes and toothache, which falls into the list of the most difficult to bear by humans.
When we talk about an increase in body temperature, then take acetylsalicylic acid (in the instructions for use, adults can find the mass useful information) is possible only upon reaching the age of fifteen. The drug is effective for colds and infectious diseases... However, in these cases, it only lowers the temperature, but does not neutralize the very cause of its occurrence.
It should be borne in mind that even when acetylsalicylic acid is used as directed, side effects are likely even with a single pill intake.
Who should not drink the drug?
The drug has a very wide list contraindications. Some of them belong to the explicit category, while others should be taken with great caution in taking pills.
First of all, it is worth abandoning aspirin for those patients who suffer from hypersensitivity to the drug. It may not turn into an allergy, but in any case it will bring a lot of unpleasant sensations.
Acetylsalicylic acid is a very strong irritant to the gastric mucosa. Therefore, if you have problems with the digestive system, you should refrain from taking pills. This is especially true of ulcerative lesions. gastrointestinal tract, stomach bleeding and other similar diseases.
Bronchial asthma is also a contraindication to treatment and a single dose of the drug. If this disease is combined with other respiratory problems, then even one pill can cause side effects.
In the instructions for the use of acetylsalicylic acid, it is especially noted that the medicine is contraindicated for expectant mothers and women who are breastfeeding a baby. We will talk about this in more detail a little later.
Separately, it is necessary to talk about the use of the drug by children. In no case should you give pills to babies under fifteen years old to normalize body temperature. This age limit should also be taken into account when diagnosing viral diseases. If the recommendation is not followed, then a small patient may develop Reine's syndrome. And this threatens the child with serious consequences.
Relative contraindications
With some diseases, acetylsalicylic acid can be drunk, but during treatment, constant medical supervision is required. This category includes health problems for which blood thinners are prescribed.
Allergy tendency is relative contraindication to aspirin. Moreover, depending on the severity of the disease, the dosage of the drug also varies.
Hepatic and renal failure can be the reasons that slow down the excretion of drug substances from the body. This leads to a number of health problems, therefore, during the treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, the patient should regularly visit his doctor.
Harm from the drug to fetuses and infants
Earlier, we have already noted that future mothers should absolutely not drink the drug. It negatively affects the development of the fetus and leads to various abnormalities. If you take pills in the first trimester, then the risk of splitting the upper palate in the baby is high.
And in the third trimester, side effects of acetylsalicylic acid include inhibition of labor, problems with the blood circulation of the crumbs, and improper development of the vascular system of the lungs.
Young mothers should be aware that the drug passes into breast milk very easily. Therefore, the baby gets enough of it during the meal. a large number... Due to this, the functions of platelets are impaired. The most common consequence of this problem is high risk the occurrence of bleeding.
Instructions for use
We think our readers already understand that acetylsalicylic acid is not at all such a simple and harmless remedy. Therefore, the selection of its dosage must be taken very seriously.
For adult patients (these include children over fifteen years old), you can take from two hundred and fifty to five hundred milligrams of the drug for a single admission. If necessary, you can increase the dosage to one thousand milligrams. However, it is still worth avoiding such situations whenever possible.
The patient cannot take more than three tablets per day. The interval between them should be set at four hours.
With certain diseases, children over fifteen years old can bring the daily dose to one and a half thousand milligrams. Adults, after consulting a doctor, can take up to three thousand milligrams of medication per day for a short time.
Often, the drug is taken as a pain reliever without a doctor's recommendation. In such situations, treatment for more than five days is unacceptable. If after the expiration of the specified period there has been no improvement, then it is worth contacting the clinic. Those who take pills as an antipyretic should limit the course of treatment to three days. Next, a doctor's examination is required.
Children from six years old can drink acetylsalicylic acid, but only if they are excluded from possible diseases acute respiratory viral infections. However, the dosage for the child should be reduced. Half of one pill will be enough for him at the reception.
The drug is very irritating to the walls of the stomach, so it cannot be taken on an empty stomach. It is safer to do this after eating. Interestingly, the tablets can be taken with more than just plain water. They are well tolerated with milk or mineral water... It is better to take alkaline mineral water for these purposes.
List of adverse reactions
The human body can react to taking the drug in completely different ways. Moreover, quite often there is a whole complex of negative reactions that aggravate the patient's well-being. They are especially enhanced with the uncontrolled use of tablets.
From the side digestive system Side effects of acetylsalicylic acid include symptoms such as stool disturbances (diarrhea and constipation), stomach pain, and nausea. Also, during the treatment process, other problems are often encountered: stomach bleeding, erosion, vomiting and heartburn. Many patients complain of complete or partial loss of appetite.
Side effects of acetylsalicylic acid include tinnitus. It is often accompanied by headaches, hearing and vision problems.
If the patient takes the drug for a long time, he may face the development and aggravation vascular diseases... In the presence of heart failure, in almost one hundred percent of cases, the symptoms of the disease intensify.
Any patient undergoing treatment with acetylsalicylic acid has a high risk of bleeding. Kidney problems are also a very common side effect. They can be expressed in renal failure, the development of nephritis and nephrotic edema. All of these reactions are accompanied by edema of varying degrees.
Acetylsalicylic acid can cause and allergic reaction... It manifests itself in different ways in different patients. For example, skin reactions such as rash, itching and slight tissue swelling are possible. However, Quincke's edema and even bronchospasm are also possible.
The use of the drug with other drugs
Doctors, when prescribing acetylsalicylic acid to a patient, always ask questions about the drugs that he is already taking. This precaution is due to the fact that the medicine we are describing does not combine well with other medicines. Therefore, you should not take pills without consulting a doctor.
For example, for simultaneous reception heparin and acetylsalicylic acid increases the risk of bleeding several times. Their danger lies in the fact that they are often internal in nature.
When combined with anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid can cause severe damage to the stomach lining.
We have given only a few possible examples of the unsuccessful combination of the drug we are describing with others. Therefore, even if it seems to you that one acetylsalicylic acid tablet will not harm you, it is better not to risk your health and seek medical advice.
Aspirin has been the most popular drug in the world for many years. At the very first painful sensations people take a pill, or even more of this remedy. Recent research by scientists has shown that this drug is not as harmless as previously thought. There are certainly benefits of aspirin for the body, but the harm can be quite tangible. Therefore, it is necessary to remember the features of this medication and the rules for its use.
Useful properties of aspirin
Aspirin is usually called a derivative of salicylic acid. One of the hydroxyl groups during chemical synthesis was replaced by acetyl. As a result, acetylsalicylic acid was obtained.
The use of aspirin stops the production of prostaglandins. It is these hormones that are actively involved in inflammatory processes, contribute to an increase in body temperature. Acetylsalicylic acid prevents platelets from sticking together, which leads to the elimination of symptoms of the inflammatory process.
Aspirin is useful in the following cases:
- Relieves fever. The drug affects the thermoregulatory center located in the brain. Due to this, blood vessels expand and sweating increases, which increases heat transfer. As a result, the body temperature quickly returns to normal.
- Promotes blood thinning, as it resists platelet clumping. Thanks to this, it is possible to avoid cardiovascular diseases and the formation of blood clots.
- It has an analgesic effect. The drug has an effect on mediators located in the inflammation zone. In addition, it also affects the central nervous system.
- Relieves inflammation. Due to the impact on small blood vessels, their permeability decreases, inhibition occurs by a factor that contributes to the development of the inflammatory process.
- Reduces the likelihood of developing oncological diseases... Scientists have found that people long time those taking aspirin are less likely to get cancer. To achieve this effect, the duration of its intake should be about three years.
- Reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. This action of aspirin only works for women.
- The combination of aspirin with ibuprofen is also beneficial for health. This leads to an improvement in cerebral circulation, reduces the likelihood of developing a stroke.
- Reduces the risk of bronchial asthma.
- In some cases, it is able to increase potency. This is true for men whose impotence is associated with vascular disorders.
The beneficial properties of aspirin appear only when taken correctly. A specialist should be consulted before using this medication.
How aspirin can be dangerous
The effect of aspirin on the human body can be negative. Among its negative properties are:
- Negative effect on the gastric mucosa. In some cases, taking acetylsalicylic acid can provoke gastritis and peptic ulcer... Therefore, it is recommended to take the tablets only after meals and drink them with plenty of water.
- Can provoke internal bleeding. This effect is due to the ability of aspirin to thin the blood.
- It is strictly forbidden to take aspirin for flu, chickenpox and measles. This can provoke Reine syndrome, which in some cases is fatal.
- Taking the drug during pregnancy can lead to abnormalities in the development of the fetus.
- It is forbidden to use aspirin at the same time alcoholic beverages... This can lead to stomach bleeding.
- Acetylsalicylic acid slows down the formation of prostaglandins in the kidneys. This can lead to impaired renal blood flow. If a person suffers from cirrhosis or heart problems, then in rare cases, taking aspirin provokes acute renal failure.
Before experts appoint acetylsalicylic acid, its benefits and harms are weighed. Sometimes her Negative influence may be stronger than beneficial qualities.
In order to minimize the harm of aspirin to the stomach, it is best to take it in the form of tablets that dissolve in water. In this case, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions for use.
Contraindications to taking acetylsalicylic acid
A healthy person can, in case of urgent need, drink aspirin fearlessly. But with health problems, you need to be careful. It is forbidden to take the drug in the following cases:
- Individual intolerance to the product.
- Bronchial asthma, as there is a high likelihood of aggravating the situation.
- Unstable blood pressure.
- Liver disease and suspicion of their presence.
- Serious abnormalities in kidney function.
- Pregnancy and the period of breastfeeding.
- Flu, chicken pox and measles.
- Age up to 15 years.
- Gout.
- Alcoholism.
In the presence of such diseases, taking acetylsalicylic acid is harmful. Replace it with another remedy that is milder on the body.
Permissible dosage
In order for the medicine not to harm your health, remember how much you need to use it. Exceeding the recommended amount may result in Negative consequences... You can take pills as follows:
- Adults can take no more than 500 mg of acetylsalicylic acid at a time. Maximum daily dose- 3000 mg. It must be divided into several equal reception so that at least four hours pass between them. The duration of such treatment is no more than five days. As a blood thinner, the drug is recommended to be taken at night.
- For children over 15 years of age, a single dose is 250 mg. At the same time, it is forbidden to consume more than 1500 mg per day.
You can't drink aspirin every day. Even in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, it is consumed once every two days. Exceeding the permissible dosages is fraught with serious consequences.
The exact dosage for treating a specific problem should be determined by a physician. Remember that self-medication is hazardous to your health.
Overdose
In the case of uncontrolled use of the drug or exceeding its permissible amount, symptoms of poisoning appear. In case of a single overdose, the following symptoms appear:
- Attacks of nausea followed by vomiting.
- Dizziness.
- Increased fatigue, drowsiness.
- Noise in ears.
- Tachycardia.
- Rapid breathing.
- Wheezing in the lungs.
If such signs appear, the use of the drug should be discontinued. Be sure to consult with a specialist.
In the case of a systematic excess of the permitted amount of aspirin, a state of chronic overdose develops. It can be accompanied by the following problems:
- Hearing loss is significant.
- The appearance of hallucinations.
- Pathological bleeding.
- Convulsions.
- Enhanced sweat separation.
- Unquenchable thirst.
- Loss of visual acuity.
- Confusion of consciousness.
- Feverish condition.
In this case, emergency medical intervention is necessary. It will require a detoxification of the body and a long recovery period. In particular severe cases aspirin poisoning can lead to cerebral edema and death of the victim. Therefore, the sooner you seek help, the more likely a favorable outcome is.
Topical benefits of aspirin
Not everyone knows that aspirin can not only be taken orally, but also used to treat hair and skin. Among the most common and effective techniques its application can be distinguished as follows:
- As a pilling. Aspirin is used to prepare effective mask for the face, which perfectly removes impurities and dead skin cells. To prepare it, grind several tablets of the drug and stir the resulting powder in a small amount of sour cream. If the skin is oily, then it is better to replace sour cream with honey. This mask is applied to the face and kept for about 15 minutes.
- For the treatment of skin inflammation: acne, acne, boils. For cooking remedy it is enough to dissolve an aspirin tablet in water and apply to problem areas. After three minutes, the residues of the product must be washed off.
- Restoration of shine and health of hair. To do this, rinse your hair with water and aspirin dissolved in it before washing your hair with a daily shampoo. You will need 6 tablets for one liter of water.
- Elimination of calluses. With the help of an aspirin-based compress, it can effectively deal with calluses. To prepare it, you need to mix a teaspoon lemon juice with the same amount of water. The resulting liquid should be mixed with six crushed aspirin tablets. The prepared paste is applied to the corn and wrapped in plastic wrap. Such a compress must be kept for at least 15 minutes. After that, wash off and treat the skin with any nourishing cream.
When used wisely and correctly, aspirin will provide health benefits. Before starting such therapy, it is necessary to consult a doctor and identify possible contraindications. Monitor the dosage carefully.
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