Already a long time ago, it is known that the 1st group of blood is universal, that is, it suits almost everyone. It can also be said that the second group, the third and fourth can easily turn into the 1st. For this purpose, special blood proteins are used, which convert liquid into the desired form.
Thus, the first, with regard to transfusion in emergency situations. Most often it concerns small district hospitalswhich are indeed always lacking the 1st blood type. That is why there was a variant of protein processing of any other group for transfusion of the 1st group (0). This is done simply, adding other blood proteins. This is a kind of universal compatibility that fits all, and becomes useful. The 1st group is donor and differs from all other things that does not contain antigens that do not cause an immune response to other possible incompatibility.
In case of incompatibility, the transfusion causes the collapse of the red taurus. That is why there is a great need for such donor blood. Thus, today there are practically no shortage for transfusion, if you do not take into account the rare blood groups.
Mode for the first blood group
Most often, this question is interested in girls, with regard to nutrition and compliance with some features to maintain a good form. In this case, nutritionists recommend adhere to some restrictions:
- do not overeat at any time of the day;
- do not eat at night;
- limit the use of fatty products for weight loss;
- prefer light physical Loads at least once a week.
Mostly people with the 1st blood group differ slightly from all others.
Features are that people are:
- love meat and give it more preference;
- do not complain on digestive tractSince it is precisely it does not fail to work in work even at strong loads;
- they have a strong immune system inherent, so such people are less ill;
- The 1st blood group is adapted to a new diet;
- quite often suffer from climate change or any environment;
- we need effective metabolism and proper nutrition.
Permissible and unwanted food
The diet on the 1st group of blood is quite individual, so not everyone can approach. IN this case It is necessary to observe purely certain requirements to be always in shape and not suffer from excess weight. First of all, it concerns everyday nutrition. You can distinguish some specific products that contribute to weight loss:
- all sorts of marine products, as well as iodized salt;
- perfect red meat for use and liver;
- sheet cabbage, spinach, broccoli - which contribute to the rapid metabolism and weight loss.
There are also some foods for the 1st blood type, which contribute to weight gain. It:
- corn, lentils and wheat;
- vegetable beans and beans significantly slow down the metabolism;
- different types of cabbage - color, Brussels, Kochannaya actively provoke hypothyroidism.
Thus, with the 1st group of blood, such complications may arise when a person begins to recover by a simple reason. Features of this plan have already been known for a long time, so if possible or desire, it is better to consult with a doctor on such issues in order not to deal with such issues in the future. Food of such a plan quite corresponds to normal and people are quite often faced with the problems of the diet. In principle, everyone is not recommended large number fatty foodIn the future, it can significantly affect the figure and well-being.
The diet for the first group of blood is especially important for women, because they are most often suffering similar problems. Neutral with the 1st group of blood chicken, rabbit, turkey meat and duck, which does not affect the figure. Therefore, such foods are most often not dangerous and not reflected on the composition of blood, as for thickening or liquefaction.
Features of character in people of the 1st blood group
From a long time, there was such an assertion that people with a certain group have their own characteristics. Such people are characterized by the incarnation of purposefulness, factories and possess the ideal instinct of self-preservation. On the one hand, this factor is responsible for the approval of human self-development.
You can also say with confidence that it is precisely the entire composition of the protein corresponds to such self-preservation in the integrity of the body. It is safe to say that a diet on the 1st group of blood affects the character, because the lack of protein is reflected in the formation of blood as a whole, which means that the characteristic of a person acts.
The rapid decrease in protein in the blood is reflected in the fortress of the body, its immunite. From here and floats the compatibility of the character of a person with a group of blood, its internal state and health in particular.
It is also worth noting, compatibility of character from 1 (0) in the form of high purposefulness, hardness of solutions and a certain meaning in life. Such people are quite confident in themselves and their decisions. The character is mainly strong and resistant to neurosis and quickly restores forces.
But all this is and negative characteristic Weaknesses. This is jealousy, high ambitiousness, as well as such people are difficult to endure criticism in their address. Therefore, to some extent it bothers such people to be always good friends or colleagues at work. Even despite the fact that the compatibility of the 1st group is great, then here specific traits It is quite difficult to pick up. In this case, it is much easier to choose a diet for slimming a person than the same person for communication.
Predisposition to diseases
If all the time focus on losing weight, then you can earn some diseases digestive system or any other. Most often, this is due to the lack of vitamins and the entire number of products used. For example, it may be a stomach ulcer or any other inflammatory diseases - Colitis or arthritis. It may also be illnesses duodenal gut or any others serious diseases gastrointestinal tract.
Quite often in breast children can develop purulent-septic infections, which is not reflected in breastfeeding. Great compatibility with such diseases like dysfunction thyroid gland, various allergic disorders and throat breakdowns.
Blood - a liquid that has a number of individual, evolutionary due to the characteristics. Some of them, designated as blood groups and a rhesus factor, is taken into account during the hemotransphuses and other types of transfers of the donor material.
Also people S. various groups Blood is attributed to certain features of character and health.
Blood groups and their features
Human blood groups are a classification that takes into account the characteristics of red blood cells - red blood cells. Information about them, as well as about Rh, made it possible to begin to overflow blood from a person to a person with a minimum of risks: until the opening of the attempt was completed by the deaths of recipients - people who receive donor material.
Opened human blood groups Karl Landstiner, a famous scientist from Austria, who received for his research
Nobel Prize. The discovery was committed in 1900, and in 40 years, in 1940, humanity learned that the blood had a Rh factor, and this characteristic also found a landsteaner together with three pupils.
His studies gave people the opportunity to understand what kind of blood happens, and use this information to save human lives.
Erythrocyte proteins that define a group are called antigens.
The absence or a certain combination of antigens allows you to find out the human blood group. These protein compounds are only two, they are given letter names: A and B. They launch the reaction of the production of special antibodies - agglutinins.
When determining the types of blood in laboratory conditions The reaction is launched, and its results allow laboratory technicians to determine blood characteristics.
- I group. There are no antigens, agglutination does not start with any of the civiclon.
- II group. Antigen A is present in the blood, the reaction with the Zoliclon anti-a positive, With other colyclones there are no reaction.
- III group. The blood is present in the blood, the reaction with the Zoliclon anti-b positive, With other colyclones there are no reaction.
- IV group. Both antigen are present in the blood, the reaction with both types of civiclons is positive.
Zoliclons - a solution comprising monoclonal antibodies placed on outside Erythrocytes.
How many groups in humans?
Human blood groups that are key to hemotransphus, there are all six. But different researchers expanded this list to 33, depending on the characteristics of protein compounds and their combinations.
In the future, the type of blood types will expand even more.
In 2012, researchers opened two additional human blood groups, which are also taken into account when overflowing: Junior and Langrais. The most frequently fifth and sixth group meets the Gypsy and the Japanese.
In practice, the hemotransfused is still a relevant approach in which the blood is divided into four types, and rare blood types are not taken into account in all cases, with the exception of those situations where the transfusion of unsuitable material is fraught with serious complications ( heavy condition Recipient, specific diseases).
How is it indicated by each of the blood groups by letters?
AB0 system is distributed in the world, in which blood groups are denoted by letters and numbers, depending on the presence and characteristics of antigens:
- I type - 0, as there are no antigens;
- II type - a;
- III type - B;
- IV Type - AB.
What else are group classifications?
Studies in the field of hematology are gradually expanding a list of classifications, which are accounted for in hemotransphuses and reduce the likelihood of both rapidly emerging and deferred complications.
The following additional identification systems exist:
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Kell | The factors included in this classification, according to the degree of immunogenicity, follow the reserves and the AB0 system. This means that it is impossible not to take into account the features of these antigens during transfusions: it will be cleared for the recipient. The classification is taken into account not only in the hemotransfuses, but also when monitoring the course of pregnancy in cases where the risk of immune conflict is increased. Specific proteins in this system are two, and they have designations letters: "K" and "K". |
| Duffy | In the severity of the immune response, Kell system follows, but to the development hemolytic disease In the process of pregnancy, these protein connections do not lead. In case of hemotransphus, the development of complications is possible. |
| Kidd. | Contains two antigen protein that form three possible varieties. Do not lead to the emergence of seriously pronounced immune reactions in the absence of control, but still capable of bringing some complications. There are small numbers of people. |
| MNSS. | It has four factors that give in the amount of nine genotypes. Refers to the most difficult category. Alignmental antibodies, but in some cases, lead to the occurrence of hemolytic disease and complications for transfusions. |
| Lutheran | This type of antibodies is rare, low-active: immune responses that are connected with it have not been identified. |
| Levis | Includes two varieties of antigens that form three phenotype and rarely lead to complications. |
| Led negative | It is rare, can lead to pronounced complications, especially in the presence of severe diseases. The protein compound was open in 2013, but with incompatibility because of it, medicine faced earlier. |
Clinics who do not specialize in hematology do not have the ability to determine the thorough blood characteristics. And usually it is not necessary: \u200b\u200bthe classical AB0 system and the resume is enough for transfusion.
What is a rhesus factor?
Rhow-factor is the name for a number of erythrocyte antigens, which affect the occurrence of various immune reactions. This indicator is taken into account with transfusion (transfusions) of events in order not to jeopardize the life and health of the recipient (a person who is transfused).
There are 50 types of antigen proteins related to rhesus, but the key value has six of them. Central Protein - D.
Briefly about protein D:
- It causes a rhesus conflict during pregnancy;
- Its absence either the presence is defined as "negative" (RH-) or "positive" (Rh +) group affiliation;
- 85% of people on the planet are present.
When overflowing, reasons are always taken into account: if you pour a person without a protein antigen positive blood, this will lead to heavier consequences And it may be fatal.
Distinguishing antagones in humans
Antigens are present not only in erythrocytes, but also in other cellular elements of the blood:
- Platelets. Similar to epitopes (part of the antigen molecule) of erythrocytes, but the severity of their reactions is reduced during the studies, therefore they are not used in laboratories to determine the characteristics of the material.
- Plasma proteins.Their varieties found more than ten.
- Nuclear cellsIn particular, it concerns lymphocytes. The detection of antigens of these cells made it possible to improve the safety of transplanting tissues and organs, and make a number of discoveries in genetics (the sphere of hereditary diseases).
The number and features of a set of specific proteins are individually, but some rare blood types are more common in certain countries of the world. For example, Kell-positive people are more in England (8.66%).
How do human blood groups are determined?
Methods for determining human blood groups in laboratory conditions:
- Standard.Used in most clinics. Capillary blood We are separated, mixed with four types of special serums and after 5 minutes look at the reaction results. If the reaction proceeded nonspecific, additional research may be required.
- Cross reaction.It is used to clarify the result when standard methodIf the reaction proceeded nonspecific. Donor erythrocytes with certain characteristics are mixed with the patient material, the result is also ready after 5 minutes.
- Zolliconovation. This method is characterized by increased accuracy: instead of classic sera of natural blood, civiclones are used ( saline Monoclonal antibodies to antigens, which is on the surface of human erythrocytes).
- Express method.Suitable for those cases where the ability to apply other methods is absent, and you need to find out the blood characteristics urgently. Special sets with cards are used, in the wells of which are contained dry antibodies. Blood is applied on them, and its characteristics become known after 3 minutes.
To determine the resusion, blood is used from veins and two varieties of serums. Serum is added to the material, and after it is placed in the laboratory variety of water bath for ten minutes. Compatibility of blood types
Compatibility Rules. This information will make it possible to understand how many blood groups are suitable for other transfusion groups.
| Recipient | Donor Material | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I, Rh- | I, RH + | II, Rh- | II, Rh + | III, RH- | III, RH + | IV, Rh- | IV, RH + | |
| I, Rh- | + | |||||||
| I, RH + | + | + | ||||||
| II, Rh- | + | + | ||||||
| II, Rh + | + | + | + | + | ||||
| III, RH- | + | + | ||||||
| III, RH + | + | + | + | + | ||||
| IV, Rh- | + | + | + | + | ||||
| IV, RH + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
But later new and new factors were found that it was important to take into account. Right now in medical institutions Pour blood to patients, which is pre-checked for compatibility and fully corresponds to their base characteristics.
In some cases, the material of universal donors is used, but this is usually used when there is no access to the appropriate material, and you need to act as quickly as possible.
Hematologist - medical specialistinvolved in the sphere related to blood system. He knows everything about human blood groups and is engaged in treating diseases in which hematopoic structures function incorrectly.
Complications when overflowing inappropriate donor material
If the patient proceeds inappropriate blood, acute hemolysis develops (the destruction of blood erythrocytes with highlighting environment hemoglobin), in which are observed pronounced violations In the process of coagulation, sharp deviations in the work of the kidneys and circulatory shock.
If the patient has developed hemolysis, it requires urgent infusion therapy.
The severity of complications depends on the number of transfused material and the health status of the recipient.
What does the inheritance of human blood groups depend on?
The mechanisms of inheritance of human blood groups:
- I c. If both parents have this group, the child will be absolutely born with it. It is also obtained by combining I and II, I and III, II and II, III and III.
- II c.It turns out when combined I and II, I and IV, II and II, II and III, II and IV, II, and IV, IV and IV.
- III c.Combinations I and III, I and IV, III and IV with the possibility of 50% lead to the birth of a child with a third type. The greatest probability (75%) is obtained by combining the III and III group. Combinations II and III, II and IV, IV and IV - 25% probability.
- IV c.Combined and III, II and IV, III and IV - 25% possibility. If both parents have a fourth group, the child will receive it with a 50% probability.
If one parent had a fourth blood variety, the child would not be born from the first. And the child with the fourth cannot be born if someone from the parents is the carrier of the first.
- I.- leader's deposits, organizational abilities, energy. These people volition and strong, strive to achieve maximum heights, but are prone to excessive aggression and egoism.
- II.- Patience, calm and balance inherent in people with this type of blood. These individuals feel fine in the world, love comfort, but prone to samonenavissal, and their judgments are not always distinguished by flexibility.
- III- Love for creativity, desire for knowledge. These people are distinguished by a philosophical view of life. They do not endure the routine, monotony, life, prone to depression.
- IV.- Softness, balance, pleasant character. These people are friendly, communicative, tactful, but it is difficult for them to make decisions.
How to eat people with different groups?
Traditional medicine does not support the selection of diet under the types of blood, but ideas about what food is suitable for a particular group may be of interest.
- I - Myathers.They are prescribed to give preference to meat, dairy products and abandon bakery products.
- II - Vegetarian. Full failure The meat is inappropriate: the creators of theory report that the people of this group are recommended to exclude fatty meat, cooked with a large number of spices. Useful sea products and vegetable food.
- III - Mixed food. It is suitable for any food: both meat and vegetable products. A well-selected diet will reduce the risk of disease in old age.
- IV - moderately mixed food.They are well suited and meat, and vegetable products, but it is recommended not to overeat and avoid harmful food.
Where can I find the blood group?
Information about blood can often be found in the medical record, it is enough to come to the therapist and ask him to see. If it is not, in state clinics You can take a test, the direction to which will give the therapist.
What are blood bands and a rhesus factor, every person is obliged to know. And you must all be aware that they belong to what type, they are also close, as there are emergency situations in which knowledge is able to save lives.
Information about these indicators may affect the selection of a sexual partner, since when the rhesus is mismatched there is a risk of complications for the subsequent toe of the child. So what is blood, and what determines its subspecies on two systems: Av0 and Rh?
The group is inherited, but does not depend on race and sexual sign
Our body - a complex systemthat needs a message and coordination of its individual parts. There is a species for this. connective tissue - blood. It moves according to a special vein scheme and arteries with the help of a heart, which pushes it from birth to the death of man.
Impacts such liquid important tasks:
- Transport, delivering the necessary substances, oxygen, hormones and other biologically significant elements regulating internal organs, removing the "waste" of the vital cells of the cells.
- Regulatory, maintaining relatively identical temperature in the whole body.
- Protective, neutralizing infection and other dangers.
- Homeostatic, supporting the balance of chemical indicators.
- Nourishing, filling organs with useful substances.
Blood fluid performs functions that support the life support of the body Although the blood performs the same functions in any body, different people It is different. The name of the classification, streamlining blood types, sounds like AV0. It implies 4 varieties of such a connecting fluid, which differ due to the presence or absence of antigens and antibodies in them.
During life, the subtype of blood does not change, this is a constant. The group depends on heredity and is calculated on the basis of parents.
Classify blood adopted by classification AV0 What is the blood group in humans, and what does each of them mean? Wonder!
Blood varieties
The formation of blood types is the following table:
Both antigens and antibodies are protein compounds, the presence or absence of which determines the type of blood. The first are on the erythrocyte membrane, and the second - plasma. At the same time, they join each other.
Varieties of blood fluid groups Antigens are divided into two types: and in, their combination creates a fourth blood group. The same picture and with antibodies that "live" in the blood plasma. Their simultaneous presence creates the first group. For the two remaining combination of either a and β (second), or in and α (third). When antibodies different types They meet, they react with antigens and form a precipitate. When overflowing the blood is not the group, the agglutination reaction occurs. If this liquid is a bit, the situation is limited to anemia and jaundice. A large amount of alien blood is able to lead to death.
What are the blood groups in humans, regulates the AB0 system, which takes into account all possible combinations of antibodies and antigens. To find out how one or another person belongs to what type of person is, a special test is carried out. A sample of blood is taken and mixed with appropriate protein compounds and, depending on the number and type of normal reaction and pathological, the result is determined.
1 or 0
Most of the people on the planet first blood type. This is explained by the fact that it is more often manifested with a combination of different subtypes of the mother and father of the future child. If parents with 4 subtype can conceive a kid with the same group with a probability of only 50%, then for 1 subtype, this percentage increases immediately to 100.
Characteristics of people with 1 group Live with such a group at the same time difficult and simple - in case emergency situation Such blood is easy to find, however, with limited resources, when there are only other subtypes, it is impossible to do transfusion. The first group suits only the same blood.
The fact is that it has no antigens and therefore is not dangerous for others, and 2 antibody groups perfectly cope with their task in someone else's blood. Of course, the best compatibility is provided by the "native" group, however, if necessary, can always rescue the first.
2 or A.
The second blood group is less common and contains opposite protein compounds of one type. Its description is expressed in the following formula - antigen A is combined with an antibody β. This type It implies an immune response, that is, a conflict with a donor fluid, in which another antigen (B, AB - 3 and 4) is produced.
Characteristics 2 groups Blood 3 and 4 groups cannot be transfused to patients with the second type according to the AU0 system, since they are present in them, which requires the presence of an antibody α. If it is not, there will be folding, the death of red blood cells, and will follow a negative reaction for the entire body, up to death.
3 or B.
This species is as well as the previous one as the previous one. It depends on the percentage frequency of the child with this group of parents with different options blood.
Classification 3 groups This blood works, as in the case of the second group, however, it represents its complete opposite. This means that it is present in it, combined with an antibody α. Since the second and fourth group (A and AB) contain the opposite antigen A, it means that such a transfusion will lead to serious consequences For human health.
4 or AV.
Such a group is radically different from the first, more precisely, represents its opposite. In it, on the contrary, two antibodies are contained to which there is no immune response, that is, the reaction of agglutination during mixing with other types does not occur. Because of this, it is able to take any donor without negative consequences.
Classification of 4 groups It is worth saying that the fourth blood is the most rare. It also includes a few percent of the world's population. At the same time, such a kind of negative Rh factor is three times less frequently than with positive. However, this is compensated by the possibility of pouring blood with any other indicator and corresponding reserves.
Ideal compatibility is possible, of course, with the ideal coincidence of the Group, however, with the fourth negative such result, it is almost impossible to achieve. With serious operations, the portions of such blood are specifically ordered in advance, which sometimes have to wait a few long months.
Deciding which blood groups are in a person on the system of AB0, it is worth moving on to another separation into two types - in the rhesus factor. This is no less an important indicator And when overflowing blood, and during the tooling of the child.
Read also: - Theory and Facts
What is a rasl factor?
From what kind of blood groups are in humans, the efficiency of transfusion depends. The rhesus factor is also necessarily taken into account before this procedure so that the body sensitization does not occur.
By itself, this indicator is reserves - means the presence or absence of lipoprotein, which is located on the outside of the erythrocyte shell. There are only two of its states:
- Rh +, which means the presence of such a protein;
- Rh - which implies his absence.
More than 85% of the world's population has a positive rear factor. The remaining 15 has erythrocytes without such a protein, and therefore belong to rare Rh-. What does this mean for a person, and how can affect his life and health?
The main thing when blood transfusion, after determining the required group, do not mix opposite response indicators. It is vital to patients with RH + pour just such a liquid and vice versa.
This is justified by the fact that when the lipoproteide appears in the connective tissue, which should not be there (at Rh-people), the immune system "sees" it as an worst enemy and actively produces antibodies designed to destroy it. Aggressive protective reaction is preserved, and when the red blood cells are bonding the same character.
Difficulties with rezes
The body of a person with a positive rezes is in "greater security" than people with negative. Since RH + is found, it is much easier to get it in hospitals. If there are still a lot of people with negative reserves of the first group, and to gain their donor fluid in the right amount is not difficult in large medical centers, then with the same rhesus, only the fourth group is practically unrealistic.
Such blood is rare, so it happens that patients in acute conditionAfter a serious accident, injuries, die due to the lack of corresponding donor fluid.
Troubles because of the drawct threaten pregnant women. This happens if the mother and child does not match the indicator. This can cause rejection, right up to the interruption of the baby tooling. Complications in this situation often occur, and on late time pregnancy. Such women are much more and longer lying on the preservation and resort to artificial childbirth or cesarean secting. At the same time, a child-disabled child can be born in such a situation.
The conflict with the participation of such a protein compound manifests itself only on the condition that a woman has negative group, and the child is positive. The immune system Mothers react to lipoproteide, which is produced in the child's blood and highlights antibodies intended for its destruction. For the baby, this is dangerous, as its red blood cells die in the attack. In all other cases, no conflict can be, and the Father's Factor has no fundamental importance.
However, the future mothers should not worry, since with proper awareness of the doctors and the passage of regular examinations it successfully overcomes. Modern medicine It has a number of drugs that allow you to smooth out and balance the organism of the mother and child and minimize the risk. The main thing is that a pregnant woman thinks less and nervous about it.
During childbirth, a special preparation is introduced, which suppresses the production of antibodies. This allows you to slow them down in subsequent pregnancies. If this is not done, the second and third births will increase their quantity, which will further affect the body of the child, its growth and the whole process of beating.
Why do you need to know your blood group?
All this is understandable, but why do you need to understand what groups are, and which one relates their own blood? In fact, this is very important, the life of a person depends on the knowledge or ignorance of this factor:
- Blood transfusion is possible only with the coincidence of groups. Before the scholars discovered that the types of this fluid are several, such operations ended with a fatal outcome due to the rejection of the fluid overflow.
- The type of blood is found in newborns with hemolytic disease - when a group of mother and child is incompatible, which leads to complications for the baby.
- Before surgical operation Find out the specifics of blood to perform transfusion if necessary.
- The blood type and the rhesus is determined and during pregnancy to track their compatibility from the mother and child and avoid danger to the baby.
Such information acquires great importance in emergency cases: After accidents or mass cataclysms. So it is written in medical documents and even school diaries, advise to make special inserts into a passport or driver's license. This is needed for rapid response Doctors with great blood loss.
According to scientists, this is the main group of blood from which everyone else was formed. It does not have antigens A and B. For a long time, the doctors believed that this group was ideal for transfusions, because there are no antigens that provoke an immune response. But studies denied her perfect compatibility. Nevertheless, the immune response is rare enough, so it takes if they cannot find the blood of other transfusion groups.
The most versatile blood is the first group with negative rhesus. Positive more often causes rejection, but it will suit the owners of the remaining groups with a positive rear factor.
The owner of the first blood group overflow the rest of the blood groups is impossible, because they contain one or two antigen, provoking the immune response.
According to scientists, the first group of blood belonged to the hunters and its representatives possess strong character, high levels immune defense. In such people, there should be more protein contained in meat. This will become good prevention for diseases characteristic of media of this group. They are often susceptible to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, colitis, ulcers).
The owners of this group are communicable, energetic. IN eastern countries When choosing personnel or in choosing a couple is often guided by the selection of a person in a group of blood in order to avoid in the long run conflict.
A blood group is inherited or arise as a result of mixing the blood of parents. It does not change throughout life path. The only case of changing blood group occurred in Australia during liver transplantation. The Rhzes factor changed there.
The first blood type with a negative Rhvas factor is considered to be the second in the world. Therefore, it is often such a type of blood transfusion station stored about the supply in refrigerators for emergency transfusions.
Rhine-compatibility problems.
In the blood of man there is a special erythrocytic gene. It is in the substance of the blood with a positive rezes factor or absent with negative rezes.
In the influence of parents with a negative first blood group, the kid turns a negative rhesus. If the mother or father has a negative rhesus factor, and the second parent is a positive cutter owner, then the child can get both negative and positive rear factor. The probability of the first and second case is 50 per 50.
The value of the rhesus is important for a good kid's pregnancy and health. And it is also important in cases of blood transfusion for the patient with this blood group.
Value for pregnancy
To carry the baby and the health of the child is important compatibility with the fruit factor. This is due to the genetics of the Father. If the mother has a positive rear, then the reserves of the fetus is not important.
If the mother has a negative rhesus, and the child is positive, then it often causes negative consequences, fetal conflict with the mother's body.
The maternal organism will try to eliminate the alien protein with the help of an immune response, both with the first pregnancy and with the rest.
This may be threatened with the placenta with rejection. If this does not happen, then the child can get a strong anemia, to be infected with jaundice, to be born with the pathology of the liver.
In order to avoid this, pregnant women are encouraged to undergo blood test for rezes and blood groups. In conflict of the fetus and the mother, globulin is introduced, which neutralizes the effect of maternal antibodies and gives the baby to develop without problems. Pregnancy after treatment with globulin, as a rule, is launched without problems.
Character features
People with the first blood group of assertive, purposeful. They have a self-preservation instinct. If protein falls in the blood, it negatively affects the work of the body, immunity worsens.
For such a person, elevated purposefulness is characterized, the adoption of rational solutions.
The character is quite sharp, not inclined to mental disorderssustainable neurosis and stressful situations. Such a person quickly restores the strength.
Along with the advantages, a person with the first blood group has a number of shortcomings:
- Excessive ambitiousness
- Jealousy
- Uncleaning critics
In society, such a person is a faithful companion and a reliable business partner. He is very responsive to the praise, loves admiration. Compatibility is achieved by almost any person, despite the blood group.
IN love relationship For a man, it is important that the woman can bow to him and subjugate. And for women of this group, a partner with a stronger character is important. It is important that her man be physically strong and possessed passion, charisma.
What should be fear?
Representatives of this blood group are predisposed to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Often these are inflammatory processes in the stomach or intestines, ulcers. There may be diseases of the joints of an inflammatory nature, for example, arthritis.
Breasts often develop purulent-septic infections. Often they are accompanied by a disorder of the thyroid gland, allergies. People may have disorders of blood intake.
Features of nutrition
Best food for representatives of this group of people - protein, because these people love gruising classes sports. To confirm the actively position in life, they need a balanced diet. Otherwise, they begin to hurt, they develop inflammatory processes and problems with metabolism begin. They are gaining rapidly excess weight With incorrect nutrition.
For these people, it is very important to eat properly, in accordance with the blood group. Although such people quickly adapt to any nutrition, but it is worth remembering that their body does not absorb carbohydrates. With abundant carbohydrate use, it threatens diabetes, tissue ethics, provokes heart disease and vessels. Decrease in metabolism contributes fast set Weight. And because of the wrong menu, they quickly begin allergies, psychosis, alcoholism or drug addiction can develop. In case of violations of blood intake, bleeding, which will result in strokes, can begin bleeding.
Representatives of the first blood type, as a rule, the high acidity of the stomach. They may have even insufficiently warded meat, but if there is a protein deficiency, then it threatens ulcerative disease and gastritis. It is important to combine right ration from active species Sports that cause adrenaline bursts in the blood. It can be running, wrestling, swimming, dancing, extreme sports.
Useful products for the first blood group
They improve the body's protective forces, quickly absorbed.
You can drink green tea or juice from the above fruit.
Negatively active products
There are a number of products that poorly affect the health of representatives of this blood type. This is dairy products. They are better to remove from the diet at all, sometimes allowing himself to eat skim cheese, sour cream, kefir.
It is not recommended to eat cereals and cereals. This concerns wheat grain, oat flakes, corn grain. There is no lentil, raw and dried peas, beans, beans (podkalkovaya and in beans). Need less use vegetable oils, especially corn or cotton.
A person with the blood of the first group should be excluded from the diet all the sweet sdobu, cube flour cakes, bread from any cereals. It is not recommended to eat pistachios. There is no peanut in both fresh and fried. Do not eat poppy grains.
Forbidden and vegetables of the family of Parenic. This is potatoes and eggplants. Do not have color and brussels cabbage. The same recommendation concerns both red-coated forks, corn cobs and avocados.
There are no fruits with sour taste, such as tangerines, lemons, oranges. It is not recommended to eat apples and melons. It is worth abandoning the sweet soda, juices from oranges and apples, apple puree.
From the diet it is recommended to remove tea, drinks with caffeine, coffee and any alcohol. No need to get involved in sharp marinades, conservation, tomato paste and ketchup. Meusal, vinegar, pepper (peas, powder, fragrant) do not add food when cooking.
Neutral products
You can complement the menu by neutral products that act little on the body, but help making meals more diverse.
Materials are published for familiarization, and are not a prescription for treatment! We recommend contacting a hematologist in your medical institution!
Blood group and rhesus factor are special proteins that determine its individual character, as well as the color of the eyes or hair in humans. The group and rhesv are of great importance in medicine in the treatment of blood loss, blood diseases, and also affect the formation of the body, the functioning of organs and even psychological peculiarities man.
The concept of blood group
Another antiquity doctors tried to fill the blood loss by transfusion of blood from man to a person and even from animals. As a rule, all these attempts had a sad outcome. And only at the beginning of the twentieth century, the Austrian scientist Karl Landstuner discovered differences in blood groups in people who were special proteins in red blood cells - agglutinogen, that is reactive agglutination - gluing red blood cells. She was the cause of the death of patients after blood transfusion.
The 2 main types of agglutinogen were established, which were conditionally named A and V. Gluing of erythrocytes, that is, the incompatibility of blood, occurs if the agglutinogen is connected to the protein of the same name - the agglutinin contained in the blood plasma, respectively, a and b. It means that in the blood of a person can not be the same proteins that cause gluing erythrocytes, that is, if there is agglutinogen A, then it cannot be agglutinin a.
It was also found that both agglutinogen can be in the blood - and B, but then it does not contain a single type of agglutininov, and vice versa. All this is the signs that determine the blood group. Therefore, when combining the same name proteins of erythrocytes and plasma, a conflict is developing on a blood group.
Types of blood groups
Based on this discovery, people have 4 main types of blood type:
- 1-M, not containing agglutinogen, but containing both agglutinine A and B, this is the most common blood group, which has 45% of the world's population;
- 2nd containing agglutinogen A and agglutinin B is determined by 35% of people;
- 3rd, in which there are agglutinogen in and agglutinin A, it has 13% of people;
- The 4th, containing both agglutinogen A and B, and not containing agglutinins, such a blood group is the rare, it is determined only in 7% of the population.
In Russia, the designation of blood group affiliation is adopted according to the AU0 system, that is, the content of agglutinogen in it. In accordance with this, the table of blood groups is as follows:
Group affiliation is inherited. Could the blood type be changed - the answer is unambiguous to this question: can not. Although medicine history is known for the only case associated with genital mutations. The gene determining the blood group is in the 9th pair of a chromosomal set of a person.
Important! The judgment about which blood type is suitable for everyone, today has lost the relevance, as well as the concept of a universal donor, that is, the owner of the 1st (zero) group of blood. Many subspecies of blood groups are opened, and only one-login blood is transfused.
Rh Factor: Negative and Positive
Despite the opening of blood groups of blood, transfusion reactions continued to take place during transfusion. The scientist continued his research, and together with his colleagues Wiener and Levayn, he managed to detect another specific antigen protein antigen of the erythrocytes - the Rh. Initially, he was revealed from the monkey monkey Macaki-Rhus, from where he got his name. It turned out that the reserves are present in the blood of most people: in 85% of the population, this antigen is available, and in 15% it is missing, that is, they have a negative rhesus factor.
The feature of the rees-antigen is that when people who do not have, it contributes to the production of antibodies in the blood. When repeated contact with the rhesv factor, these antibodies give a heavy hemolytic reaction, which is called a rhesus conflict.
Important! When the rhesus factor is negative - this means not just the absence in red blood cells the antigen. Antibodies may be present in the blood, which could be formed during contact with rhesus-positive blood. Therefore, the analysis is obligatory for the presence of rhesus antibodies.
Definition of blood group and rhesus factor
The blood type and the rhesus are subject to mandatory definition in the following cases:
- for blood transfusion;
- for bone marrow transplant;
- before any operation;
- during pregnancy;
- for blood diseases;
- in newborns with hemolytic jaundice (rhesus incompatibility with mother).
However, Ideally, each person's group and rhesus information should be from an adult and a child. Never exclude cases of severe injury or acute diseaseWhen it may urgently need blood.
Definition of blood group
The determination of a blood type is carried out by specially obtained monoclonal antibodies according to the AU0 system, that is, serum agglutinins that give the bonding of red blood cells when contact with the same name agglutinogen.
The algorithm for determining the blood group is as follows:
- Cologiclons (monoclonal antibodies) anti-A - ampoules of pink color, and anti-B - blue ampoules. Two clean pipettes are prepared, glass sticks for mixing and slide glass, one-time syringe for 5 ml for taking blood, test tube.
- Perform blood fence from veins.
- It is applied to the slim glass or a special marked tablet on a large drop of zoliclons (0.1 ml), small drops of blood under study (0.01 ml) are mixed with separate glass chopsticks.
- Watch out for the result of 3-5 minutes. A drop with screwed blood can be homogeneous - reaction minus (-), or flakes - reaction plus or agglutination (+). Assessment of results is necessarily carried out by a doctor. Options for studying the blood group definition are presented in the table:
Definition of the Rh
The definition of the rhesv factor is performed similarly to the determination of a blood type, that is, using a monoclonal serum antibody to the rezes-antigen. A large-pure white ceramic surface is applied a large drop of reagent (zolclone) and a small drop of just brought blood, in the same proportions (10: 1). Blood is gently mixed with a glass stick with a reagent.
The definition of the reserves of the factors of the colyclones takes less time, because the reaction occurs after 10-15 seconds. However, it is necessary to withstand maximum time - 3 minutes. Also, as in the case of determining the blood type, the test tube with blood is guided into the laboratory.
IN medical practice Today, a convenient and fast express method for determining group affiliation and a rhesv factor is widely used using dry tolliklons that are bred. sterile water For injection immediately before the study. The method is called "erythrotest-band-up", it is very convenient both under the clinics and in extreme, and in field conditions.
Character and human health in the blood group
The blood of a person as its specific genetic sign is still not fully studied. IN last years Scientists open options for blood subgroups, new technologies for determining compatibility are being developed and so on.
The blood also attributes the property to influence the health and character of its owner. And although this question remains controversial, yet many years of observations are notified interesting Facts. For example, Japanese researchers believe that it is possible to determine the character of a person in a blood group:
- owners of the 1st group of blood - people volition, strong, sociable and emotional;
- owners of the 2nd group are distinguished by patience, scrupulsiness, persistence, hardworking;
- representatives of the 3rd group are creative personalities, but at the same time too impressionable, powerful and capricious;
- people with the 4th group of blood live more feelings, differ indecisive, sometimes unreasonably cutting.
As for health, depending on the blood type, it is believed that it is the most stronger in most people, that is, with the 1st group. Persons with the 2nd group are prone to heart disease and oncological diseases, for owners of the 3rd group is characteristic weak immunity, low resistance to infections and stress, and representatives of the 4th group are prone to cardiovascular pathology, diseases of the joints, cancer.
Loading ...