It is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it later, spending a lot of money and nerves. In addition, in the early stages, diseases are treated faster and are easier to tolerate, so timely diagnosis is very, very important. Fortunately, modern medicine allows you to obtain a very detailed picture of a person’s health status. Find out what 10 examinations need to be completed annually in order to prevent and promptly recognize all kinds of diseases.

Dentist examination

Most often, the reason for visiting the dentist is toothache, which signals the need for serious treatment. However don't let things get painful– the most reasonable option, because Dental treatment is not only an unpleasant process, but also an expensive process. And if you make it a habit to visit the dentist at least once a year (or better yet, 2 times a year), then you will be able to identify dental problems in the early stages and get rid of them with minimal time and money.

By the way, an equally important reason for visiting the dentist is also monitoring the condition of the gums, because... there are some unpleasant diseases gums that do not show themselves at first.

Blood sugar test

Determining blood sugar levels is the main method diagnostics diabetes mellitus . The importance of this procedure lies in the fact that a modern, sedentary lifestyle significantly increases the risk of diabetes, which can be treated in the early stages.

Examination by an ophthalmologist

A standard examination by an ophthalmologist includes external and internal examination of the eyes, cornea, lens, fundus, as well as measuring the level of eye pressure.

The importance of visiting an ophthalmologist is that most of eye diseases occurasymptomatic and begin to manifest themselves when the treatment of the disease has already become long and expensive.

Thanks to examinations by an ophthalmologist, it is possible to timely identify such dangerous diseases, such as occlusion (vascular disorder), retinal detachment, glaucoma (damage optic nerve), cataract (clouding of the lens). It is worth noting that some eye diseases, in the absence of timely treatment can lead to complete loss of vision.

Examination by a gastroenterologist

A gastroenterologist performs an examination belly and general state digestive systems using hands and special equipment. The importance of visiting to this specialist is that the digestive system is at risk of developing cancer, which falsely responsive to treatment and often lead to death.

One of the studies that allows us to find out the most complete picture of the digestive system is FGDS– examination of the stomach and mucous membrane using a thin tube equipped with a camera, the image from which is transmitted to the screen. Such examinations should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years.

Fluorography

This examination is X-ray lungs in one projection. Fluorography makes it possible to timely detect tuberculosis and other changes in the lungs. The minimum age at which fluorography can be performed is 15 years.

General blood analysis

Hand over this analysis you need a referral from a therapist who will decipher it and, based on the results, give you recommendations.

A general blood test allows you to identify inflammatory processes in the body, the condition of the walls of blood vessels, as well as measure hemoglobin levels and identify stomach problems.

Checking your cholesterol levels

Cholesterol levels are checked by donating blood from a vein.

Cholesterol levels indicate how susceptible a person is to a disease such as atherosclerosis, and also makes it clear what state it is in the cardiovascular system. Cholesterol norm healthy person– from 5 to 6 mmol/l.

Electrocardiogram and lipid profile check

Heart is one of the most important organs a person on whose work the condition of the entire organism depends. Even if it doesn't bother you, get an electrocardiogram and lipid profile checked annually.

Electrocardiogram- study heart rate, allowing to identify disturbances in the functioning of the heart, a tendency to myocardial infarction and coronary disease hearts.

Check for lipid profile shows general condition of cardio-vascular system, as well as the likelihood of blood clots in the body. It is carried out by donating blood from a vein on an empty stomach, after at least a 12-hour break after eating.

For men: examination by a urologist and ultrasound of the prostate gland

IN modern world Diseases of the male reproductive system are increasingly worrying not only older people, but also young people. This is largely due to sedentary work, lack of exercise and poor nutrition. Therefore, upon reaching 18 years of age, any man is recommended to undergo an examination by a urologist at least once a year, as well as an ultrasound scan. prostate gland, for timely detection of such insidious disease like prostatitis.

For women: examination by a mammologist and gynecologist

An examination by a mammologist is a necessity for any woman over the age of 18, because... allows you to identify at the initial stages all kinds of neoplasms in the breast, which are impossible to detect with your own hands.

Also, an examination by a gynecologist is a necessity, because... female body very vulnerable to various kinds of infections in the female line, identifying and eliminating them in a timely manner is very, very important.

Conclusion

The habit of going to the doctor only when something hurts is a manifestation of banal human laziness, which can result in unpleasant consequences. Remember that your health is in your hands, take care of it, and one day you will thank yourself very much for it!

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How to get tested to be sure own health? When should I start doing a breast ultrasound and when should I start a mammogram? Who is recommended for colonoscopy? How often should smears be taken and lab tests urine and blood? List of all studies required for an adult at each life stage, we present below.

Identify the disease early stage or preventing its occurrence by eliminating risk factors is the basis for maintaining health and a high quality of life for many years.

This is typical for both women and men of all ages, but for the fair half of humanity it is especially important, because the female body is much more complex.

The presence of cyclicality in his work requires appropriate research in each period. You should always listen to your body, understand its signals, and get examined promptly if any unusual symptoms arise.

In this article we have collected information about the necessary medical tests for each age group indicating their purposes and recommended frequency.

This is a universal list, however, each organism is individual, and you need to take into account your own risk factors, for example, heredity, presence excess weight, existing diseases, working conditions and lifestyle.

To clarify this list, consult your doctor; he may prescribe more frequent examinations if indicated.

Age from 20 to 30 years

Gynecological examination.

Once every six months to a year, young women need to visit a gynecologist. Standard examinations at this age:

examination of the vagina and cervix for erosions, benign tumors— papillomas and condylomas (viral warts);
palpation examination of the mammary glands;
Ultrasound of the mammary glands for early detection fibroadenomatosis - nodes or compactions;
cervical smear to check for atypical cells– precancerous or cancerous.

The smear material is examined under a microscope in the laboratory by a cytologist. Results are usually ready within three to four weeks.

Blood pressure measurement.

To prevent the occurrence of diseases of the circulatory system, it is important to regularly measure your blood pressure (BP), even at such an early age.

Normal blood pressure for a healthy person is 120/80 mm Hg. Art. Numbers higher than 140/90 mmHg. Art. in each of the three next friend after another pressure measurements indicate the presence arterial hypertension. Your doctor will tell you how to treat this disease.

Blood and urine tests.

General clinical analysis blood is a measurement of hemoglobin level, the amount various types blood cells: red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, ESR indicator(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

Biochemical blood test gives important information about the level of glucose, cholesterol and its fractions (atherogenic – “bad” and non-atherogenic – “good”), triglycerides, vitamin D, blood iron, liver and kidney function indicators, etc.

Since people aged 20–30 years usually sex life She is very active and often changes partners quickly; doctors recommend being screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These include diseases such as HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, viral hepatitis B and C, genital herpes virus, etc.

Data Results laboratory research can be found out 10 to 14 days after the test, and the doctor will prescribe treatment if necessary.

Dermatoscopy (examination of moles).

All formations on the skin must be examined regularly. If you notice that the size of moles has increased, the nature of the edges has changed, if any of them has started to bleed, changed color, or an ulcer has formed on its surface, you should urgently consult a dermatologist.

This should also be done if the tumor is located in an inconvenient place, and you often injure it with fasteners or straps from clothes. These actions are necessary so that the mole, initially benign education, did not transform into skin cancer.

Age from 30 to 40 years

Annual tests

At this age, it is advisable to continue to take the general clinical and biochemical analysis s blood, monitor blood pressure, regularly visit a gynecologist, perform an ultrasound of the mammary glands once a year and a cervical smear every two to three years.

This is most important for women whose blood relatives suffer or have suffered oncological diseases, as well as those with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV). Medical science has proven that HPV can cause cervical cancer.

Measuring weight and height.

Obesity is a powerful risk factor for the development cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, breast cancer, metabolic syndrome, etc.

Having diagnosed it on initial stage, it will be easier to take measures to eliminate excess weight. But sudden, causeless weight loss is also dangerous - this is one of the symptoms of an oncological process in the body.

Therefore, be sure to weigh yourself every 3 to 4 months.

ECG.

Electrocardiography is a painless and very informative way to assess the functioning and condition of the heart. It should be performed at least once a year.

Examination by an ophthalmologist.

Annual visual acuity test and measurement intraocular pressure required to identify early development glaucoma or cataracts.

Women during pregnancy especially need to visit an ophthalmologist, because this condition can cause visual disturbances, for example, clouding of the lens of the eye or the appearance of foci of retinal dystrophy.

The reason for this is the change blood pressure when carrying a child. And during childbirth, this can cause such a terrible complication as retinal detachment, which leads to blindness.

Study of external respiration function.

Age from 40 to 55 years

Annual examinations.

Gynecological examination and visit to a general practitioner with measurement blood pressure, pulse, weight and height, body mass index, auscultation (listening) of the lungs and palpation of the abdomen - basic program at this age. You should also continue to have your vision and hearing checked annually, do an ECG, and have your blood and urine tested.

Good help for diagnosing early ischemic changes heart, which can subsequently lead to myocardial infarction - bicycle ergometry.

It is a test performed while the heart is being exercised, in which the patient is asked to pedal an exercise bike while an electrocardiogram is recorded.

In addition, mole examinations, pulmonary function measurements, and stool tests are performed every 1 to 2 years. occult blood(for early diagnosis peptic ulcer or oncology of the gastrointestinal tract).

Mammography.

To prevent the development of tumors in breast tissue, after 40 years, ultrasound alone is no longer enough. At this age, a mammogram is performed - an X-ray image of the mammary glands.

It is done at least once every two years, and preferably more often, because breast cancer progresses quickly, and it is vitally important to detect it in the initial stages, then treatment will be effective.

The radiologist will provide you with an answer on mammography within a few days and, if indicated, will refer you to a specialist - mammologist.

Colonoscopy.

Colonoscopy is recommended every five years and is intended for early detection of colon cancer.

Directly during the examination itself, small intestinal formations can be removed immediately and painlessly by the endoscopist.

Then the taken material is sent for histological examination to clarify the nature of the neoplasm: whether it was a regular polyp, precancer or intestinal cancer.

Timely diagnosis allows you to start treatment without delay.

Ultrasound of the abdominal and pelvic organs.

Designed to detect problems such as bile - stone disease, pancreatitis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, tumors of the liver and gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and adrenal glands. Must be performed every two years.

Blood test for tumor markers.

Every five years or more often if indicated (for example, if a polyp is detected at a colonoscopy), it is necessary to take a blood test for tumor markers. It is taken from a vein, the results are ready within a few days.

Bone density test.

Early diagnosis of osteoporosis caused by decreased component density bone tissue, And further treatment may reduce the risk of fractures of the pelvis, spine and hip. It should be remembered that the older the patient, the more dangerous skeletal injuries become for him.

Age from 55 to 65 years

However, annual fecal occult blood tests and bone density measurements every two to three years are the most informative diagnostic option.

Depending on the results of periodic screening tests and specialist examinations, additional tests may be necessary. Don't put them off.

Age 65 and older

A bone density test should be performed at least every two years. It is also recommended to have your eyes examined every 12 months and have a colonoscopy every five years. If polyps are detected and removed, the next endoscopy is usually scheduled sooner, no later than three years.

Another one important recommendation: If you take any medications regularly, remember to adjust your dosage over the years to reduce the risk side effects. Only a doctor can help you with this.

Take care of yourself and be healthy!

http://site/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/1714622.jpg 3540 5506 ErikG http://site/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/logo-1.pngErikG 2016-05-25 08:34:28 2017-07-12 15:26:44 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 years and older. What examinations are needed at each age?

Early diagnosis is extremely important for treatment of malignant neoplasms; at the initial stage, cancer is not a death sentence.

Meanwhile, oncological processes become the cause of death huge amount people, among whom middle-aged people and even those under 30 are increasingly appearing.

The main problem is that many malignant neoplasms They know how to “disguise”, the disease almost does not manifest itself with symptoms that can cause anxiety.

Fatigue, fatigue, headaches and other pain of moderate intensity, loss of appetite, weight loss, nausea often attributed to stress and unhealthy lifestyle, acute respiratory infections and viral infections, without rushing to seek help from doctors. And when the symptoms become obvious, the functioning of the affected organ is disrupted, the tissue around the tumor is destroyed, and treatment is ineffective.

By accepted classification There are 4 stages of tumor development. Positive prognosis Doctors confidently do this at stage 1, when the tumor has not yet reached 2 cm in size and has not begun to “grow” into organs, the lymph system, and even at stage 2, when metastasis is observed. Much, of course, depends on the process itself and its location.

Difficult to treat Stage 3, but at stage 4 very often only elimination of symptoms is indicated; the prognosis of doctors is disappointing, because the tumor has already given many metastases and destroys all nearby organs.

This is why cancer prevention remains extremely important. regular examinations taking into account all risks.

At risk are:

patients with a hereditary predisposition, that is, those whose blood relatives were diagnosed with cancer;
exposed to radiation, poisoning with chemical carcinogens;
those suffering from nicotine addiction;
patients with immunodeficiency;
women over 35 years of age who have not given birth or breastfed, it is noted that breast and ovarian cancer is often associated with early onset menstruation or menopause starting after age 55.

Alarming symptoms should become:

wounds that do not heal for a very long time;
problems swallowing food and water;
the appearance of blood in the stool;
unusual discharge from the genitals, mammary glands;
moles that have changed shape or begun to increase in size;
sudden weight loss;
the appearance of swelling, induration, deformation of the neck, face, mammary glands, genitals;
dry cough for several weeks, hoarseness, shortness of breath.

Even general analysis blood contains a lot of useful information, so it is recommended to take it at least once a year. If necessary, the hospital will advise you to undergo additional research, which will also prevent the likelihood of irreversible consequences.

What tests detect cancer?

It is impossible to determine from a drop of blood whether a person has cancer, but see deviations able quite likely. It is not difficult for a good diagnostician to suspect a neoplasm if there are deviations in leukocyte formula, platelets are clearly reduced in number, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is more than 30 for a long time.

Deviation in any direction content total protein may indicate a neoplasm that accelerates decay and inhibits the formation of proteins, which often occurs with malignant plasmacytoma. An increase in creatinine and urea is evidence of kidney dysfunction, poisoning of the body with substances cancer cells, the growth of only urea can be evidence tumor decomposition.

An increase in alkaline phosphatase may indicate malignant processes. If blood cholesterol drops below the lower limit, this is considered one of the signs of liver cancer.

If you suspect for cancer processes in the stomach, fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy is considered the most accurate, with collection of material for research; in the rectum - colonoscopy; in the lungs - bronchoscopy, sputum examination; in the cervix - cytological studies smear Specific studies are carried out to check for tumors in the genitals, intestines, pancreas and thyroid glands.

But any deviations in tests - this is a reason not to despair, but to begin an urgent examination, because indicators of the level of a particular substance cannot serve as an accurate confirmation of the diagnosis of cancer.

Doctors will carry out many additional procedures to identify the nature of the abnormalities; they will definitely check the cells taken from the suspicious area, only after which we can talk about the presence of malignant tumors.

IN last years gained great popularity immunological diagnostics. The blood is examined for the content of antigens, which are also called tumor markers. In a normal healthy body, most of these substances, if present, are present in minimal quantities. Growth indicates the development of the tumor process.

Today medicine identifies more than 300 proteins, enzymes, hormones and other substances that can confirm the presence of malignant processes in the body. However, each of these markers reacts either to a certain type of tumor (the main one), or is not too sensitive, that is, when early diagnosis is useless, but together with the main one it confirms suspicions (minor), or it reacts to neoplasms of many types, that is, it is not able to indicate where exactly the problem is hidden.

Diagnose prostate cancer PSA antigen (prostate-specific) helps. However, its concentration may increase in the elderly, as well as during special procedures, some infections.
Colon cancer, as well as the lungs and mammary glands, can increase the concentration of the CEA antigen, which is called carcinoembryonic.
Liver, ovarian, testicular cancer highlights the protein AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), which is practically not detected in the adult body, enters the body; a person needs it during embryonic development, that is, in the womb. The acquisition of the properties of embryonic cells by the neoplasm provokes the release of this protein.
Ovarian cancer can also confirm the HE4 protein, especially if it is also detected increased content CA 125 protein.
gives melanoma protein S-100.
Pancreatic damage accompanied by an increase in CA 19-9 protein.
Cancers of the stomach, lungs, and breast increase the amount of CA 72 – 4.
Thyroid produces in case of oncology a large number of calcitonin.
Antigens both small cell and non-small cell cancer lungs, carcinomas, squamous cell tumors, leukemias, leukemias.

But none of the tumor markers not accurate, 100% correct confirmation of the oncological process. Therefore, diagnosis for the desired antigen is carried out in the presence of symptoms and is confirmed by other methods. Most often, tumor markers are needed to monitor the development of the process, check the effectiveness of treatment, and prevent relapses.

In addition, blood tests for the presence of antigens in it to tumors of various nature - the procedure is complex and expensive, it is usually done in private clinics, which is why such tests are done only in cases of serious suspicion of malignant neoplasms. Can't count they are completely reliable, because our body is complex, many of its characteristics are individual, and a benign disease, infection, or taking any medications can provoke the growth of a particular substance. That is why only the doctor decides which tests the patient should undergo in order to identify his pathology.

How is cancer diagnosed?

Methods to identify terrible disease in fact there are quite a few. Radiation diagnostics , ultrasonography, a general blood test and studies of the biochemistry of the body, endoscopy of organs, as well as a mandatory biopsy to confirm the malignancy of the formation are necessary for any suspicion for oncological processes.

Under no circumstances should medical recommendations be ignored, especially if a scheduled visit to a specialist is recommended once every 6 or 12 months, because many benign neoplasms capable of certain conditions degenerate, metastasize and grow very quickly and aggressively, penetrating organs and destroying them.

Is it possible to periodically take some tests to be sure that you are not sick with anything, or to “catch” a terrible disease at an early stage, when it responds well to treatment?

Olga Alexandrova, a therapist of the highest category, answers:

- The test results allow not only to diagnose existing diseases and changes in the body, but also to prevent them. Despite the eloquence of many laboratory parameters, only a doctor can make a diagnosis, since changes in some indicators may not occur against the background pathological processes, and due to the impact external factors, for example, taking certain medications or intense physical activity.

Heart attack, heart failure, atherosclerosis

Diseases of the cardiovascular system

You must take a general and biochemical blood test.

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicators:

The most important is the level of cholesterol in the blood. High level cholesterol indicates the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

The norm for total cholesterol is 3.61-5.21 mmol/l.

The level of “bad” low-density cholesterol (LDL) is from 2,250 to 4,820 mmol/l.

Level of "good" cholesterol with high density(HDL) - from 0.71 to 1.71 mmol/l.

Also important:

ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - an increase in these indicators indicates problems with muscle cells heart, the occurrence of myocardial infarction.

The ALT norm in women is up to 31 U/l, in men - up to 41 U/l.

The AST norm in women is up to 31 U/l), in men - up to 35-41 U/l.

C-reactive protein - indicator inflammatory process or tissue necrosis.

The norm for everyone is less than 5 mg/l.

Thrombosis

Must take: coagulogram. It gives an idea of the coagulability and viscosity of blood, the possibility of blood clots or bleeding.

How often: 1 time per year.

Important indicators:

APTT - the period of time during which a blood clot forms - 27-49 seconds.

Thrombosed index - the ratio of plasma clotting time and control plasma clotting time - 95-105%.

Fibrinogen is the first factor of the blood coagulation system - 2.0-4.0 g/l, or 5.8-11.6 µmol/l.

Platelets - 200-400 x 109/l.

Diabetes

You must take a blood sugar test from a finger prick (taken strictly on an empty stomach).

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicator:

Blood glucose level: normal - 3.3-5.5 mmol/l.

You must take a blood test for glycated hemoglobin.

The norm is less than 6%.

6,0-6,5% - increased risk development of diabetes mellitus and its complications, according to WHO.

Oncology

There are several types of tests that can detect cancer at an early stage.

After 40 years of age, tests must be taken once every 2 years.

Colorectal cancer

You must take a stool test for occult blood.

The presence of blood indicates hidden bleeding from the lower sections gastrointestinal tract which may indicate the presence of a tumor.

Cervical cancer

Must submit: cytological smear from the cervix, which is taken during gynecological examination. Shows precancerous changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix - CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia).

Leukemia (blood cancer)

You need to take a general blood test.

With leukemia, the number of lymphocytes changes (it can be higher or lower, but it is never normal. The level of platelets falls (can be 4-5 times lower than the lower limit of normal). ESR in leukemia increases significantly.

Ulcer, colitis, etc. diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Must pass: coprogram.

How often: 1 time every 2 years.

Allows you to identify diseases of the intestines, biliary system, and pancreas.

To diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection, which causes gastritis and stomach ulcers, a urease breath test is used (one of the metabolic products of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is urease).

Endocrine diseases

Must take: blood test for hormones thyroid gland.

How often: once a year or after severe stress.

Important indicator:

Hormone TSH ( thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the main regulator of the thyroid gland, which is produced by the pituitary gland.

The norm is 0.4-4.0 mU/l. Elevated TSH level blood may indicate hypothyroidism - a disease of the thyroid gland (insufficient amounts of hormones are produced). Reduced level TSH is called thyrotoxicosis and is characterized by an excess of thyroid hormones in the body, which can lead to dysfunction nervous system, as well as disrupt the functioning of the cells responsible for the correct rhythm of the heart.

Hepatitis

You must take a blood test from a vein to check for antibodies.

How often: once a year or after operations, questionable sexual relations.

The presence of hepatitis can be indirectly judged by the presence of bilirubin in a urine test. Normally it shouldn't be there.

Nephritis, pyelonephritis and other diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract

You must take a general urine test.

How often: 2 times a year.

Important indicator- protein concentration. It should be below 0.140 g/l.

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