What is ARVI? Acute respiratory viral infections are contagious diseases of viral etiology that affect the body through the respiratory tract by airborne droplets. Most often this disease is diagnosed in children age category 3-14 years old. As statistics show, ARVI does not develop in infants; only isolated cases have been reported in which a child at that age suffered from the disease.
If expressed according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, then ARVI is assigned the code J00-J06. Many people do not understand what the difference is between acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections, and whether there is one at all. These two diseases differ only in the way the infection is transmitted, otherwise they are indistinguishable, so they are considered synonyms.
What influences the formation of ARVI?
This disease can occur when a virus enters the body. They are transmitted through the air. The most common are:
- reoviruses;
- rhinoviruses;
- adenoviruses.
The death of these harmful microorganisms occurs when exposed to disinfectants and UV rays. Unfortunately, during diagnosis it is not always possible to determine the type of virus that has infected the body.
The formation of ARVI is also influenced by communication with a person affected by this disease. There are certain types viral pathologies, infection of which can occur from a sick bird or animal.
Characteristic manifestations
Symptoms of ARVI in children are more pronounced with influenza. Parainfluenza is accompanied by less severe intoxication and short-term viremia. But this pathology is very dangerous for child's body, as false croup often develops. Small bronchi and bronchioles are infected by respiratory syncytial virus. Such pathological process leads to impaired ventilation of the lungs and leads to the formation of atelectasis and pneumonia.
There is no specific classification of ARVI in children. Regarding the severity of the disease, the following forms are distinguished:
- light;
- average;
- heavy;
- hypertoxic.
The severity of the disease is determined taking into account the severity of manifestations of intoxication and catarrhal phenomena.
Flu
The incubation period of this type of ARVI lasts from several hours to 1-2 days. A characteristic feature of the initial phase of influenza is the predominance of manifestations of intoxication over catarrhal ones. The code according to the international classification of diseases ICD-10 is J10. Observed following symptoms ARVI with influenza in adults:
- increase in body temperature to 39-40 degrees for several days;
- dizziness;
- general fatigue;
- feeling overwhelmed.
In children, the disease may manifest itself with the following symptoms:
- headache;
- painful sensations in the eyes, abdomen and muscles;
- burning in the chest;
- nausea and vomiting;
- sore throat.
Catarrhal phenomena have more pronounced effect and are accompanied by a dry cough, constant sneezing, and nasal discharge.
ARVI during pregnancy in the 1st trimester manifests itself as transient changes in the urinary system.
How long does the temperature last for ARVI in the form of influenza? In the normal course of the disease, its indicators begin to decline after just a few days of illness.
Parainfluenza
The incubation period lasts 2-7 days. This form of ARVI is characterized by an acute course and an increase in symptoms. According to ICD-10, the disease has code J12.2. The following manifestations of ARVI in children and adults are noted:
- Body temperature up to 38 degrees. It lasts for 7-10 days.
- Rough cough, hoarseness and change in voice timbre.
- Painful sensations in the chest.
- Runny nose.
ARVI in children, the form of parainfluenza, can be accompanied by damage not only to the upper, but also to the lower tracts, resulting in the development. How long does the temperature last for ARVI? As a rule, its decrease and the severity of all manifestations disappear after 7 days.
When the symptoms of the disease do not leave the body of children and adults after 7-10 days, it is necessary to seek advice from a specialist. Children deserve special attention in this case, since failure to provide assistance in a timely manner entails a number of serious consequences.
Reovirus infection
The incubation period of reovirus infection is 2-5 days. According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, the disease code is B97.5. Reovirus infection causes the following symptoms:
- runny nose and cough combined with vomiting;
- pain syndrome in a stomach;
- loose, loose stools;
- severe intoxication;
- children experience a rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees;
- facial redness;
- There are dry wheezes in the lungs and hard breathing;
- when palpating the patient, pain and noise of intestinal peristalsis are felt in the iliac region on the right;
- liver enlargement;
- damage to the respiratory, digestive organs, nervous system;
- development , .
Rhinovirus infection
This type of disease can be transmitted in various ways. For this reason, rhinovirus infection has gained great popularity today. The disease is characterized by its manifestations:
- A rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees is observed only in young children; in adult patients they rise no higher than 37.5 degrees.
- Massive nasal discharge, watery or mucopurulent in nature. Pus may begin to appear a few days after the onset of the disease.
- Swelling and inflammation in the nasal mucosa.
- Although the patient is bothered by a sore throat, his larynx appears to be relatively healthy and there is no redness or ulceration.
- The lymph nodes in the neck are slightly enlarged, no pain is felt.
Adenovirus infection
If severe, then cerebral complications develop in the form of seizures and meningeal syndrome.
Most often, the consequences of the disease arise against the background of incorrect or untimely treatment. If therapeutic measures were started on time, and the patient fully complies with all the doctor’s recommendations, then the risk of complications is minimized.
Therapy
Treatment of ARVI in children and adults is most often carried out at home. If there is a severe form of the disease or the course is complicated, then hospitalization of the patient is required. When diagnosing viral infections, it is important to maintain bed rest when there is an elevated body temperature.
ARVI can be treated using non-drug therapy. She is distinguished by adherence to bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, wrapping and various inhalations using traditional methods. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with medications involves drugs whose action is aimed at stopping the pathogen and specific symptoms.
Effective medicines
They help treat ARVI the following drugs:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This category includes Ibuprofen, Paracetamol and Diclofenac. These drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce temperature, and relieve pain.
- Antihistamines. They are characterized by the presence of a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, as a result of which it is possible to eliminate all manifestations of the disease. This category includes the following drugs: Tavegil, Diphenhydramine, Suprastin.
- Medicines for sore throat. Here you can use Hexoral, Bioparox. Gargling with a disinfectant solution helps a lot.
- Cough medications. They help reduce the viscosity of sputum, making it thin and easy to cough up. Drugs such as ACC, Mucaltin, Bronholitin are used.
Antibiotics for ARVI
Antibiotics for ARVI are prescribed taking into account complications and the general condition of the patient. Penicillin antibiotics are prescribed to people prone to allergies.
If this occurs, then you should take antibiotics for ARVI such as Ecoclav, Amoxiclav. Antibiotics of this group have a mild effect on the human body.
In case of organ damage respiratory system Doctors prescribe antibiotics such as Macropen, Zetamax, Sumamed. Antibiotics from the fluoroquinolone series are as follows: Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. These antibiotics are prohibited for children. Since the child’s skeleton is not yet fully formed, there may be adverse reactions. In addition, antibiotics of this group belong to reserve drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections. If you start taking such antibiotics at an early age, addiction will occur very quickly.
Many doctors do not recommend treating ARVI with antibiotic drugs after the first manifestations of the disease appear. As a rule, antibiotics are prescribed only after an accurate diagnosis and when severe course illness.
Antiviral drugs
It is imperative to treat ARVI with antiviral drugs, because the main cause of the disease is a virus. Antiviral drugs have a different spectrum of action. They should be taken only after an accurate diagnosis has been made. The following are effective antiviral drugs in the treatment of ARVI:
- Arbidol is a medicine related to antiviral drugs, based on a component such as umifenovir.
- Kagonets - antiviral drug Russian production. Its action is aimed at activating the body's production of interferon protein. Antiviral drugs such as Kagonets destroy infectious agents of viral etiology.
- Rimantadine. These kinds of antiviral drugs in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections have a powerful effect on stopping various viruses. Its main component is adamantine.
- Cycloferon is a drug based on meglumine acridone acetate. Such antiviral medications activate the production of interferon protein.
- Amiksin is a medicine that contains tilorone. Such anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed for the treatment of acute respiratory infections, as well as as prophylaxis.
Prevention
ARI and ARVI are diseases that differ high degree infection, so it is very important to take care of prevention.
Prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections includes the following activities:
- Do not visit places where there are large crowds of people.
- In the midst of a flu epidemic, the prevention of ARVI involves vacations and the cancellation of holiday events.
- Wet cleaning of the house using disinfectants and regular ventilation is a mandatory prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections.
Acute respiratory viral infections(ARVI) is a group of acute infectious diseases caused by viruses and characterized by damage to various parts of the respiratory tract. ARVI is the most common acute infectious pathology. In most cases, acute respiratory viral infections have a similar clinical picture, consisting of symptoms of general intoxication and respiratory syndrome. Principles of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of spread infections common to all acute respiratory viral infections (with the exception of influenza, which has distinctive features of epidemiology and prevention).
Anamnesis. Indication of contact with a patient with ARVI. An indication of the so-called “cold factor” or an episode of hypothermia one day before the development of the main symptoms of the disease. To date, there is no satisfactory pathogenetic justification for this phenomenon, although the connection between the fact of hypothermia and the development of ARVI is beyond doubt. Perhaps exposure to cold contributes to disturbances in microbiocenosis (activation of opportunistic bacterial microflora of the upper respiratory tract, reactivation of latent and chronic viral infections and so on.).
Acute respiratory viral infections: Signs, symptoms
Clinical picture
General intoxication syndrome: astheno-vegetative disorders ( headache, weakness, anorexia, less often vomiting) and fever. The duration of the general intoxication syndrome during ARVI most often does not exceed 5 days. Fever that persists for more than 5-7 days is often associated with the addition of secondary bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis).
Catarrhal syndrome: hyperemia of pharynx tissue, rhinitis, hyperemia of the conjunctivae of the eye and eyelids, including with symptoms of conjunctivitis (pharyngoconjunctival fever with adenoviral infections), catarrhal tonsillitis (tonsillitis with overlays, which is typical only for adenoviral infections).
Respiratory syndrome. Laryngitis. Rough "barking" cough. Hoarseness, hoarseness of voice (dysphonia). Possible development of upper respiratory tract obstruction (croup or stenosing laryngotracheitis): shortness of breath, predominantly inspiratory; the severity of the patient's condition in such cases is determined by the severity respiratory failure. Tracheitis. Frequent “boring” cough, often accompanied by chest pain. Tracheitis (laryngotracheitis) is characteristic of the two most common acute respiratory viral infections - influenza and parainfluenza. Typical tracheitis, accompanied by a syndrome of general intoxication, makes it possible to diagnose influenza with a high degree of reliability. Moderate intoxication in combination with laryngotracheitis during the inter-epidemic period for influenza is usually associated with parainfluenza infection. Bronchitis. The cough is dry or wet. Auscultation: hard breathing, dry or moist scattered wheezing. Possible development of lower respiratory tract obstruction ( obstructive bronchitis, bronchiolitis): expiratory shortness of breath, tachypnea, noisy, wheezing breathing, auscultation - dry whistling and moist rales of various sizes, with percussion - a boxy tone of sound. The severity of the patient's condition is determined by the severity of respiratory failure.
Lymphoproliferative syndrome is characterized by moderate enlargement of the lymph nodes (cervical, paratracheal, bronchial, rarely other groups), liver and spleen. Characteristic of adenoviral infections.
Hemorrhagic (thrombohemorrhagic) syndrome is caused primarily by damage to the vascular wall and is manifested by increased bleeding (bleeding from the mucous membranes), hemorrhagic (petechial) rash on the skin. Develops only with influenza.
Acute respiratory viral infections: Diagnosis
Laboratory research
Virological research. Immunofluorescence method - detection of viral Ags in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa using specific antibodies. Detection of serum antibodies to pathogen Ags: serological studies using special diagnostics in various reactions (RPGA, RNGA, ELISA, etc.). The fact that the AT titer increases by 4 times has diagnostic significance.
Complications
Bacterial pneumonia. Purulent otitis, sinusitis. Activation of chronic foci of bacterial infections.Acute respiratory viral infections: Treatment methods
Treatment
Etiotropic therapy has been developed for influenza (rimantadine, oseltamivir, influenza immunoglobulin) and RSV - infections(ribavarin). Antibacterial therapy is indicated for the development of bacterial complications (pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, lymphadenitis). The antibiotic is selected taking into account the sensitivity of the isolated microflora. Symptomatic therapy. Paracetamol and ibuprofen are used to relieve hyperthermic syndrome. If there is difficulty in nasal breathing (rhinitis), vasoconstrictor drugs are prescribed locally (xylometazoline, naphazoline). With the syndrome bronchial obstruction bronchodilators are indicated (aminophylline and b-adrenergic agonists).Prevention
The period of isolation for a patient with influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections is 7 days. If illnesses occur in children's groups, contacts are monitored for 7 days. For the prevention of influenza, contact older children may be prescribed rimantadine 25 mg 2 times a day for 2-3 days. The premises require daily wet cleaning and ventilation 2-3 times a day. During a flu epidemic or during an outbreak of acute respiratory viral infection in a children's institution, IFN is instilled into the nose for prophylactic purposes, 5 drops 3 times a day. Active immunization against influenza is carried out with inactivated or live vaccines, which are produced annually from virus strains recommended by WHO. All vaccines provide short-term type-specific immunity, which requires annual vaccination.ICD-10. J00 Acute nasopharyngitis [runny nose]. J02 Acute pharyngitis. J03 Acute tonsillitis [tonsillitis]. J06 Spicy infections upper respiratory tract of multiple and unspecified localization. J10 Influenza caused by an identified influenza virus. J11 Influenza, virus not identified. J12 Viral pneumonia, not classified elsewhere. J20 Acute bronchitis. J21 Acute bronchiolitis. J22 Acute respiratory infection of the lower respiratory tract, unspecified.
acute respiratory infections (acute respiratory disease) is a whole group of viral and bacterial infections. Their distinct feature is that they affect the upper respiratory tract. Often such diseases provoke epidemics that become widespread. To cope with the disease, you should consult a doctor.
Classification according to ICD-10
This term refers to a whole category of pathologies with general symptoms, which have certain features:
- they are all infectious in nature;
- pathogens enter the body through the air by drip;
- First of all, the organs of the respiratory system are affected;
- Such diseases develop rapidly and do not last long.
According to ICD-10, such pathologies are coded as follows: J00-J06. Acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract.
And sore throats, you need to analyze the clinical picture. So, similar manifestations are characteristic, but the patient experiences pain when swallowing. Swelling in the neck area also often occurs. The temperature increases to 38-39 degrees and comes down with great difficulty.
Flu appears suddenly. The temperature can be 38.5 degrees. Sometimes it even reaches 40 degrees. This pathology is characterized by chills, cough, and body aches. Often appears heavy sweating and nasal congestion without runny nose. The eyes also become watery and red, and a nagging pain appears in the chest area.
Pathogens, incubation period
Acute respiratory infections can be the result of various viruses. In total, there are more than 200 types of viral infections. These include rhinoviruses, influenza, and coronaviruses. Adenoviruses and enteroviruses can also be causative agents of the disease.
In addition, acute respiratory infections can be associated with infection with such common microbes as meningococci, staphylococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and streptococci of various types. Sometimes the causes are chlamydia and mycoplasma.
The incubation period for acute respiratory infections usually lasts 1-5 days. It all depends on the age category and condition immune system. The higher the body's resistance, the longer this period. In a child, pathology develops much faster.
Features of acute respiratory infections symptoms and causes of the disease:
Causes and routes of infection, risk group
The pathogen enters the body through the upper respiratory tract, settles on the mucous membranes and multiplies. The disease leads to damage to the mucous membrane.
In this case, the primary manifestations of acute respiratory infections occur - swelling and inflammatory changes in the nose and pharynx. When the immune system is weakened, the pathogen quickly penetrates downwards, affecting the entire respiratory tract.
As a rule, after past illness stable immunity is developed.
However, a large number of acute respiratory infections causes a person to become ill repeatedly. In this case, pathologies may have different degrees gravity.
The risk group includes people who face the following factors:
- hypothermia;
- the presence of chronic lesions in the body;
- stressful situations;
- unfavorable environmental conditions;
- poor nutrition.
Symptoms of acute respiratory infections
TO characteristic manifestations ARDs include the following:
- nasal congestion, rhinitis;
- sneezing;
- sore and sore throat;
- increase in temperature;
- cough;
- general intoxication of the body.
The main manifestations of the disease include respiratory symptoms, which indicate inflammation of the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs. All Clinical signs are divided into two categories:
- respiratory tract damage;
- general intoxication of the body.
To inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract on different levels the following can be attributed:
- – is an inflammatory lesion of the nasal mucosa;
- – involves damage to the pharynx;
- – this term refers to damage to the larynx;
- - implies inflammation of the trachea.
Diagnostics
Most often, to identify acute respiratory infections, it is enough to study the medical history and general clinical symptoms. The doctor must be notified about when the temperature increased, how many days it lasts and what symptoms accompany this process.
If necessary, the specialist will prescribe additional examinations - for example, general analysis blood. To identify the causative agent of the pathology, a culture of discharge from the nasopharynx is performed. A serological test may also be performed.
Express diagnostic methods include immunofluorescence and immunochromatographic procedures. Serological methods of research include reactions of indirect hemagglutination, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition.
What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, says Dr. Komarovsky:
Treatment principle
This pathology should be treated under the supervision of a doctor. Even the mildest form of the disease can lead to dangerous complications. In difficult cases, the patient should be hospitalized in a hospital.
Typically, treatment for acute respiratory infections includes the following components:
- Application. Most often, doctors prescribe drugs such as remantadine, oseltamivir, zanamavir.
- Maintain strict bed rest.
- Drink plenty of fluids. You can take decoctions medicinal plants or rosehip. Regular tea will also work.
- Reception.
- Application. Such drugs should be taken only with a strong increase in temperature. Adult patients are usually prescribed tablets and injections. Children are recommended to take medications in the form of syrups.
- Taking anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Use of antihistamines.
- Usage . This method of therapy is more suitable for adult patients, since children do not always know how to gargle correctly.
- . This category includes products such as sprays and lozenges.
- Introduction. It is also very useful to rinse the nose with saline solutions.
- Reception.
- Usage .
At home only with the permission of a doctor. It is very important to strictly follow the rules of therapy - this will help you quickly achieve results and avoid unpleasant complications.
Treatment errors, what not to do
Many people make common mistakes during treatment for acute respiratory infections. This leads to the development dangerous complications. To avoid this, you need to follow these recommendations:
- Do not use antipyretic drugs long time. This prevents the body from fighting the virus. In addition, there is a risk of masking the symptoms of dangerous complications - otitis media or pneumonia.
- It is not recommended to start using antibiotics immediately. They do not act on a viral infection and can lead to a significant weakening of the immune system.
- You should not eat if you have no appetite. This helps a person fight illness rather than waste energy on digesting food.
- It is not recommended to carry the disease on your feet. Bed rest is one of the key conditions Get well soon. If this rule is violated, there is a risk of serious complications.
Complications
The most common complication of a viral infection is the addition of a bacterial one.
ARI can lead to the following consequences:
- otitis;
- sinusitis;
- myocarditis;
- tracheitis;
- pneumonia;
- neuritis;
- bronchitis.
In rare cases, there is a risk of developing more dangerous pathologies. These include viral encephalitis, liver disease, radiculoneuritis, pleural empyema.
How to cure acute respiratory infections and colds, watch our video:
Prevention
To prevent the development of acute respiratory infections, especially during pregnancy, you need to adhere to the following recommendations:
- quit smoking and alcohol;
- get flu vaccinations;
- take vitamins;
- eat foods with plenty of vitamins and beneficial elements;
- have a good rest;
- wear a mask during epidemics;
- take immunomodulators and antiviral drugs;
- Avoid contact with sick people.
Acute respiratory infections are a very common category of pathologies, which are accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and significantly reduce the quality of life. To cope with the disease, you should strictly follow medical recommendations and not suffer the disease on your feet. This will help avoid dangerous complications.
ARVI and influenza take their place in ICD 10. These diseases are given several sections in different classes; they can be coded according to clinical and etiological characteristics.
In what cases is influenza diagnosed, in what ARVI, ICD 10 does not give clear instructions. Despite the fact that there are codes designating certain respiratory infections, the basis of the classification is still the clinical picture of the disease, as well as the level of damage.
If it is necessary to clarify the etiological sign of ARVI in the diagnosis, the ICD 10 code can be supplemented with another code reflecting the type of infectious agent. The sections in which these codes are located are in different classes. The ARVI code is in class X, and the pathogen is specified by a code from class I.
The basis for the classification of diseases in ICD 10 is the clinical picture of the disease and the level of damage
Classifications are needed so that doctors, having received a certain amount of basic knowledge, can communicate with each other about this or that clinical case or laboratory observation. Classifications provide a certain set of terms that are commonly used in the scientific community, and also reflect scientists’ ideas about the relationship between various phenomena.
There are many author's classifications of diseases and various pathological conditions. Some of them are commonly used, some have lost their significance. If the classification of a disease is used by scientists of one scientific school, it may be ignored by scientists of another school, who have their own, in their opinion, more suitable for this case. Some classifications are national in nature, that is, accepted for use by doctors and scientists of the state. There are international classifications.
The most significant is the “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)”. This document was compiled by WHO, is valid in all countries and is periodically revised based on the results of new research. The 10th revision classification is currently used.
This document provides a unified approach to diseases and statistical comparability of data. For this purpose, verbal formulations of diagnoses are indicated by a unique alphanumeric code. Any disease has its own code according to ICD 10, ARVI in adults and children is no exception. The use of these codes for statistical processing of morbidity information is mandatory for doctors.
Rules for diagnosing acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections or influenza
Despite the fact that for ARVI statistics, the ICD 10 code is used in mandatory, to describe a clinical case in practice, the verbal formulation of the diagnosis is still used. Verbal formulation makes it possible to most fully and comprehensively reveal the nature of the pathological process in each specific case. It can reflect data on the severity of the disease, the nature and severity of the course, clinical version, as well as another important information. If only the ICD 10 code is used, the diagnosis of ARVI does not reveal some of the characteristics, for example, severity.
Severity is one of the symptoms of ARVI, although it is not prescribed in ICD 10
When indicating a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection, codes from class X, block J00 - J06 are used. For verbal formulation, different abbreviations can be used - ARI, ARI, ARVI, influenza. The doctor, using one term or another, reflects his idea of the nature of the disease that has affected the patient:
- If the term is used ARI(acute respiratory infection), this means that there are signs of respiratory damage of an infectious nature. It is obvious that there is some causative agent of the disease, but it has not been identified either laboratory or clinically. It could be a virus, bacteria or other infectious agent. IN ORI integral part includes ARVI; according to ICD 10 in adults and children, these diseases are coded in block J00 – J06 of class X with the addition “NOS”. “NOS” means “Not Otherwise Specified.” The verbal formulation allows the use of the word “unspecified”, “unspecified etiology”. For example: ARI, pharyngitis of unspecified etiology. Or the etiology is being clarified, but the infectious agent is not viral in nature. If it is streptococcus or staphylococcus, then the diagnosis is supplemented with a code from section B95, if another bacterium is B. These are codes from class I, block B95 - B97.
- ARVI. Stands for acute respiratory viral infection. In ICD 10, ARVI is coded in the same sections as ARI (J00–J06). The difference is that if the etiology of the disease is established, the diagnosis can be supplemented with a section code B97 from class I, which lists infectious agents viral nature. Additional codes are not used as a primary diagnosis; they can only supplement the main one if it is necessary to clarify the etiological factor.
- acute respiratory infections(acute respiratory disease). This diagnosis is now used less frequently than before. In theory, it means the same thing as the diagnosis of ARI, but ARI more accurately reflects the typical infectious etiology of the lesion. Theoretically, the diagnosis of acute respiratory disease may include an acute illness caused by a non-infectious agent (for example, allergic). But this has no practical application, since each non-infectious disease of the respiratory tract has its own category. In section J00 – J06 they may be marked “excluded” with a link. The link goes to the corresponding ICD 10 disease codes; ARVI and ARI are not indicated in the diagnosis for these diseases. For example, allergic rhinitis. It is mentioned under J00 as excluded with reference to code J30 from block J30 – J
- Flu– The ICD contains a special section dedicated to this disease. This is a separate block of the same X class - J10 - J18 (Influenza and pneumonia). If there are clear clinical signs of influenza infection or laboratory confirmation of it, then the diagnosis of ARVI is no longer used; the ICD code for children and adults is then selected J10 or J11 (Influenza). Section J10 includes cases where the disease is caused by an identified influenza virus, and J11 - an unidentified one. If the diagnosis is formulated verbally, then various clinical manifestations and severity of influenza may be indicated, while the ICD groups all options into several sections (with respiratory manifestations, with other manifestations, influenza pneumonia). The exception is influenza meningitis, which is included in a separate section - G0.
It should be noted that if damage to the respiratory tract is caused by a specific pathogen or causes a disease with a specific picture, then this disease is indicated in the appropriate section (for example, scarlet fever - A38 or herpetic pharyngitis - B00.2).
Topical diagnostics
In order to correctly formulate a diagnosis in accordance with ICD 10, ARVI in children and adults must indicate the location of the lesion.
Nasopharyngitis is one of the clinical forms of ARVI according to the ICD
In accordance with the anatomical area in which the pathological process is most pronounced, the ICD of ARVI is divided into the corresponding clinical forms:
- Nasopharyngitis(J00). With this variant of the disease, inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx is determined. Depending on the stage, swelling of the nasal mucosa is observed, accompanied by a feeling of stuffiness, or nasal discharge of a watery, mucous or purulent nature. As well as a sore throat and unexpressed cough.
- Sinusitis(J01). This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinus (or several) of the nose. With this localization, one- or two-sided nasal congestion, mucous or mucopurulent discharge from the nasal passages, one-sided headache, as well as other, less specific symptoms are observed.
- Pharyngitis(J02) - isolated inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, without affecting the nose.
- Tonsillitis(J03). Tonsillitis. This clinical form is also called tonsillitis. But the term sore throat is more often used in typical cases of the development of a bacterial purulent infection, although etiological factor Viruses and fungi may appear.
- Laryngitis and tracheitis(J04). These forms of ARI are characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of the larynx (with vocal cords) and trachea. With laryngitis, hoarseness of voice, cough, and frequent barking timbre are observed. Tracheitis is accompanied by a feeling of rawness in the sternum, as well as a cough, which is nonproductive at the beginning of the disease, and later with sputum.
- Obstructive laryngitis and epiglottitis(J05). This is an inflammation of the larynx and epiglottis, accompanied by narrowing of the airways. Manifested by shortness of breath, spasmodic cough, with obstructive laryngitis there may be hoarseness.
- Upper respiratory tract infections multiple and unspecified localization (J06). If there are signs of damage to several parts of the upper respiratory tract, then the disease is classified with this code.
It must be clarified that everything clinical syndromes, in the form of which ARI and ARVI occur, the ICD code of which is in block J00 - J06, are acute. Chronic lesions of the respiratory tract are classified under other headings. The etiology of these diseases may not be established or known (in which case the additional code from block B95–B97 is used).
Acute bronchitis can also be a manifestation of ARI, but it refers to damage to the lower respiratory tract and in ICD 10 is coded J20 from block J20 - J22 (Other acute respiratory infections of the lower respiratory tract), if this is a manifestation of an acute respiratory infection. Or code J40 from block J40 - J47 (Chronic diseases of the lower respiratory tract), if it can be regarded as an independent disease and it is difficult to determine whether it is acute or chronic. If in clinical picture ARI is dominated by symptoms of bronchial damage, then the diagnosis of bronchitis should be made as the main one, since it determines the severity of the disease.
ARVI with intestinal manifestations
It is quite difficult to differentiate the intestinal syndrome during ARVI and the manifestation of an intestinal infection, since both diseases occur with diarrhea and fever. The difference is that intestinal manifestations of ARVI are accompanied by catarrhal syndrome (runny nose, cough, sore throat, as well as other symptoms).
In ICD 10, ARVI with intestinal syndrome is coded in class I. It belongs to the block of intestinal infections. Code A08 – viral and other specified intestinal infections. When the exciter is installed, it is possible to clarify the code with an additional digit after the dot. For example, A08.2 is adenoviral enteritis.
In ICD 10, ARVI with intestinal syndrome is coded in class I
However, defeat is excluded from this category gastrointestinal tract with the flu. If there is clinically or laboratory confirmed influenza with symptoms of gastroenteritis against its background, then the code is selected from class X, block J10 - J18 (Influenza and pneumonia). If the virus is identified, code J10.8 is used (Influenza with other manifestations, the virus is identified), if the diagnosis is established clinically without laboratory confirmation, then code J11.8 (Influenza with other manifestations, the virus is not identified).
Formulating a diagnosis in accordance with the classification
Establishing a detailed diagnosis in verbal form, the doctor indicates the underlying disease with a decoding of the variant of the course, degree of severity, severity, as well as other criteria traditionally used clinical classifications. In addition, complications of the underlying disease and other concomitant diseases that the patient currently has, and which may be in a state of exacerbation or remission, are indicated.
When formulating a diagnosis, it is very important to correctly establish cause-and-effect relationships, namely, which pathological process was primary and which was secondary. If there are two or more competing diseases, it is necessary to determine which of them determines the severity of the disease at the moment.
It is important to determine the primary and secondary pathological process
This is very important for the correct preparation of statistical reporting. The diagnosis can have a double code, and in the presence of complications, a triple one (if formulated in accordance with ICD 10). But statistically, these diagnoses are taken into account separately: the main one, complications of the main one and concomitant ones. Proper Use encryption is necessary to transmit reliable information to accounting organizations, since decisions are subsequently made on the basis of this data.
Excludes: chronic sinusitis or NOS (J32.-)
Included: acute sore throat
If it is necessary to identify the infectious agent, an additional code (B95-B98) is used.
Excluded:
- acute obstructive laryngitis [croup] and epiglottitis (J05.-)
- laryngism (stridor) (J38.5)
If it is necessary to identify the infectious agent, an additional code (B95-B98) is used.
Excluded:
- acute respiratory infection NOS (J22)
- influenza virus:
- identified (J09, J10.1)
- not identified (J11.1)
In Russia International classification diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10) was adopted as a single regulatory document to take into account morbidity, reasons for the population’s visits to medical institutions all departments, causes of death.
ICD-10 was introduced into healthcare practice throughout the Russian Federation in 1999 by order of the Russian Ministry of Health dated May 27, 1997. No. 170
The release of a new revision (ICD-11) is planned by WHO in 2017-2018.
With changes and additions from WHO.
Processing and translation of changes © mkb-10.com
Rhinitis acute
Acute rhinitis: Brief description
Acute rhinitis: Causes
Etiology
Classification
Clinical picture
Duration of symptoms is 7–8 days, in some cases with good immune status Acute catarrhal rhinitis occurs abortively within 2–3 days; with a weakened state of protective forces, it can last up to 3–4 weeks with a tendency to become chronic.
Acute rhinitis: Treatment methods
Treatment
Lead tactics
Drug therapy
At bacterial etiology- antibiotics, 20% solution of sulfacetamide (topically) Vasoconstrictors (local), for example phenylephrine (0.25% solution) every 3–4 hours, no more than 7 days. Long-term (more than a week) use of vasoconstrictors can lead to the development of drug-induced rhinitis. Simanovsky ointment and complex ointment (protargol - 0.4; menthol - 0.4; diphenhydramine - 0.1; Vaseline oil- 4, 0; Vaseline - 16, 0) prescribed into the nose on a cotton ball for 15 minutes 2–3 times a day Kameton, Ingakamf Ascorbic acid 1 g/day in stages I and II of the disease To accelerate the period of convalescence - 20% splenin ointment.
Forecast
Prevention
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Acute rhinitis: types and forms of the disease, signs, treatment, prevention
Acute rhinitis is a respiratory disease that manifests itself in the form of copious nasal discharge of varying consistency and color. At the same time, there are Various types this pathology, in which various symptoms appear. It is an acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Classification by ICD-10 code
The etiology of acute rhinitis manifests itself in an intense form heavy discharge from the nasal passages. Sometimes the process affects exclusively the passages themselves, and sometimes the paranasal sinuses are also involved.
As a rule, the latter is already classified as a complicated or advanced form. ICD acute rhinitis - J00.
Types of acute rhinitis
Acute rhinitis is divided into several types, including:
- Allergic, manifested both seasonally and year-round in the form clear discharge, sneezing, tearing, dry throat, sore throat, and so on.
- Vasomotor also manifests itself, like allergy, but always has a time-limited manifestation, for example, during the flowering period of a plant or as a reaction to a specific irritant - cold, dryness, and so on.
- Viral rhinitis is provoked by viruses and manifests itself similarly to allergic rhinitis. At the same time, symptoms of a cold, flu or other acute respiratory infection often develop in parallel. Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes is present.
- Hypertrophic is manifested to a greater extent by proliferation followed by thickening of the mucous tissue in the nasal passages, which leads to difficulty breathing through the nose;
- Atrophic is the opposite of the previous one and leads to thinning of the mucous membranes, as well as to degeneration of bone tissue. It appears in the dry type without discharge, and in the ozen type - with purulent discharge and characteristic odor;
- Infectious bacterial or fungal is manifested by the release of secretion with purulent contents.
Features of acute rhinitis:
Symptoms in adults and children
Symptoms are generally the same for all ages:
- Discharge from the nose of varying consistency and color;
- Sneezing;
- Swelling of the mucous membrane;
- Nasal congestion and inability to breathe through the nose;
- Headache;
- Dry mouth.
The photo shows the symptoms of acute rhinitis
Clinical stages
The disease goes through three stages:
- Dry irritation;
- Serous type discharge (transparent);
- Discharge of a purulent type (yellow-green).
Diagnostic tests
Basically, a visual examination and listening to the patient’s complaints is enough for the doctor. In the case of bacterial rhinitis, mucus can be taken for bacterial culture.
Sinuses with different types of rhinitis
How to treat
It is not advisable to treat rhinitis on your own, especially if it concerns children and pregnant women, since this pathology often not only causes complications, but also becomes chronic.
Independent selection of a drug is also impossible without an examination by a doctor and a diagnosis, since bacterial rhinitis has similar symptoms to atrophic purulent rhinitis (ozena), and viral rhinitis is often confused with allergic rhinitis.
Nasal rinsing is mandatory. Adults do this using a special teapot with long nose. In the case of children, either a special aspirator bulb, or a small syringe of no more than 2 cubes, or a pipette is used.
Washing is done various compositions depending on the type of disease, but saline or saline solution is most often used. There are preparations specifically for children based on sea water, which take into account the dosage of the composition, as well as the method of administration in the form of special nozzles.
Principles of treatment of acute rhinitis in our video:
Principles of complex treatment
Treatment of any rhinitis is carried out comprehensively, depending on what type is detected. Most often used:
- Antibiotics for bacterial rhinitis or ozena (the latter is incurable, but can be easily treated if you approach the treatment process correctly);
- Antiviral drugs for viral rhinitis;
- Antihistamines of general systemic or local type (depending on the patient’s condition);
- Inhalation and nasal rinsing: for bacterial types - with furatsilin solution, for others - with saline or saline solution.
Prevention
- For allergies - timely intake of antihistamines, elimination of the allergen whenever possible;
- With vasomotor it is important to eliminate the influence of the irritating factor;
- For viral and bacterial infections Preventive treatment is carried out after contact with an infected person or before the period of epidemics;
- Daily ventilation of the room;
- Air humidification;
- Timely examination and treatment of ENT pathologies;
- Strengthening immunity;
- Rejection of bad habits.
Forecast
The prognosis is generally positive for almost all types of rhinitis if therapy is carried out on time and to the full extent prescribed by the doctor. Hypertrophic and atrophic cannot be completely cured, but they can be stopped and the progression stopped.
Acute rhinitis - description, causes, treatment.
Short description
Acute rhinitis - acute inflammation mucous membrane of the nasal cavity.
Causes
Etiology. Bacteria (staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, corynebacteria), viruses (influenza, parainfluenza, measles, adenoviruses).
Classification Acute catarrhal rhinitis Acute traumatic rhinitis (nasal injuries, burns, frostbite, other factors of physical impact) Acute allergic rhinitis (seasonal form - immediate reaction).
Stage I - dry, characterized by a feeling of dryness and tension in the nose, nasal congestion, swelling of the mucous membrane II - wet. Increased feeling of nasal congestion nasal breathing severely difficult (often absent), profuse mucous discharge from the nose III - suppuration. Reduced swelling of the mucous membrane, improved nasal breathing, discharge becomes mucopurulent (in large quantities at first, then gradually decreases). Recovery is coming.
Clinical picture. The course of acute catarrhal rhinitis depends on the condition of the nasal mucosa before the disease: if it is atrophied, the reactive phenomena will be less pronounced, and acute period- Briefly speaking. With hypertrophy of the mucous membrane, on the contrary, acute phenomena and the severity of symptoms will be much more pronounced, and the course will be longer.
Features of infections Influenza runny nose is characterized by hemorrhages, up to profuse nosebleeds, and rejection of the epithelium of the nasal mucosa in layers. All this is so typical that it makes it possible to diagnose the influenza nature of a runny nose before receiving the results serological study and serves as an indication of the need to use IFN for instillation into the nose. Diphtheria runny nose is especially dangerous when it occurs as a catarrhal form of nasal diphtheria and is not accompanied by a disturbance in the general condition of the patient and an increase in body temperature; such patients become carriers of the bacteria and infect others. This form of runny nose is characterized by mucous - ichorous discharge from the nose, pronounced dermatitis in the vestibule of the nose, lack of effect from usual treatment A runny nose with measles is a common occurrence in the prodromal period; it is characterized by copious mucous discharge from the nose; anterior rhinoscopy reveals individual red spots in the area of the inferior turbinate, standing out against the background of the hyperemic mucous membrane. These spots are watching a short time and only in the prodromal period Scarlet fever is not specific and proceeds like ordinary catarrhal rhinitis. A runny nose with gonorrhea can occur in a child if it is infected during childbirth. Therefore, a runny nose that occurs during the first days of life is always suspicious of gonorrheal.
The duration of symptoms is 7–8 days; in some cases, with a good immune status, acute catarrhal rhinitis occurs abortively within 2–3 days; with a weakened state of protective forces, it can last up to 3–4 weeks with a tendency to become chronic.
Diagnostics - instrumental methods studies of ENT organs, in particular the nasal cavity (anterior rhinoscopy).
Treatment
Management tactics The regimen is in most cases outpatient. For acute catarrhal rhinitis, for rhinitis accompanying infectious diseases, - treatment in an infectious diseases hospital Patients with acute rhinitis should be recognized as temporarily disabled Thermal, distracting procedures, for example, foot, hand, lumbar baths, mustard plasters on calf muscles Physiotherapy: UV irradiation, UHF or diathermy on the nasal area.
For bacterial etiology - antibiotics, 20% sulfacetamide solution (topically) Vasoconstrictors (local), for example phenylephrine (0.25% solution) every 3-4 hours, no more than 7 days. Long-term (more than a week) use of vasoconstrictors can lead to the development of drug-induced rhinitis. Simanovsky ointment and complex ointment (protargol - 0.4; menthol - 0.4; diphenhydramine - 0.1; petroleum jelly - 4.0; petroleum jelly - 16.0) are prescribed into the nose on a cotton ball for 15 minutes 2–3 r /day Kameton, Ingacamp Ascorbic acid 1 g/day in stages I and II of the disease To speed up the period of convalescence - 20% splenin ointment.
The prognosis for adults is favorable, although the infection may spread to the paranasal sinuses and lower respiratory tract, especially in people prone to lung diseases. In infancy, acute rhinitis is always dangerous, especially for weakened children who are predisposed to various pulmonary and allergic complications.
Prevention. Hardening the body to cooling, overheating, humidity and dry air. The fight for clean air in working and living spaces, maintaining optimal temperature and humidity in them.
ICD-10 J00 Acute nasopharyngitis [runny nose]
ICD code: J00
Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose)
Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose)
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ARVI in children
RCHR (Republican Center for Health Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan)
Version: Clinical protocols Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
general information
Short description
Expert Commission on Health Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan
ARVI is a group of infectious diseases caused by respiratory viruses, transmitted by airborne droplets, affecting the respiratory system, characterized by increased body temperature, intoxication and catarrhal syndrome.
J00- J06 Acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract
J00 – Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose)
J02.8 – Acute pharyngitis caused by other specified pathogens
J02.9 – Acute pharyngitis, unspecified
J03.8 – Acute tonsillitis caused by other specified pathogens
J03.9 – Acute tonsillitis, unspecified
J04 – Acute laryngitis and tracheitis
J04.0 – Acute laryngitis
J04.1 – Acute tracheitis
J04.2 – Acute laryngotracheitis
J06 – Acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract of multiple and unspecified localization
RPHA - passive hemagglutination reaction
RSK – complement fixation reaction
HRA – hemagglutination inhibition reaction
ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate
SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome
IMCI - integrated management of childhood illnesses
HIV - human immunodeficiency virus
OPO- general signs dangers
Infectious disease doctor at a children's infectious diseases hospital/department, pediatrician at multidisciplinary and specialized hospitals
Classification
Clinical classification of ARVI:
Smooth without complications;
For example: ARVI, laryngitis, medium degree gravity. Complication of 1st degree laryngeal stenosis. When clarifying the etiology of ARVI, the disease is classified according to its nosological form.
1.1.1. Flu type A.
1.1.2. Flu type B.
1.1.3. Flu type C.
1.1.4. Parainfluenza infection.
1.1.5. Adenoviral infection.
1.1.6. Respiratory syncytial infection.
1.1.7. Rhinovirus infection.
1.1.8. Coronavirus infection.
1.1.9. Mycoplasma infection.
1.1.10. Acute respiratory infections of bacterial etiology
1.1.11. ARVI of mixed etiology (viral-viral, viral-mycoplasma, viral-bacterial, mycoplasma-bacterial).
1.3.5. Croup syndrome.
1.3.6. Defeat of cardio-vascular system(myocarditis, ITS, etc.).
1.3.7. Damage to the nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, etc.).
Acute rhinitis is a familiar disease like a runny nose
Acute rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa. This stage of the disease is characterized by the speed of development of symptoms and their intensity. Inflammation can be caused by a specific allergen, bacterial or viral infection entering the paranasal sinuses.
Common symptoms of rhinitis include aching pain and pressure in the nose, cheeks, mucus (most often transparent), increased temperature. In more than 70% of cases, acute rhinitis occurs against the background of a cold.
That's why ordinary people Without medical education, this condition is better known as a runny nose. Medical professionals can also use the colloquial name when communicating with patients, but most often make a diagnosis according to the approved disease classifier. Rhinitis according to ICD 10 is coded J00.
What subtypes of acute rhinitis can be distinguished?
In official medical sources, the classification of the disease is rarely given. Since acute rhinitis itself is only a stage. However, starting from the trigger, we can conditionally distinguish the following types rhinitis in the acute stage:
It is triggered by a specific allergen, usually lasts several days, but can go away without treatment after eliminating contact with the trigger.
Divided into bacterial and viral. It is dangerous because the patient can be contagious to others; it lasts up to two weeks.
Triggered by nasal trauma, may last until recovery anatomical shape partitions.
Appears under the influence of dust, smoke, irritating gas; may last several minutes/hours. This kind of runny nose goes away without treatment, immediately after going out into the fresh air.
Sometimes, the concept of acute catarrhal rhinitis is also used. There is no mention of this type of disease in ICD-10. Moreover, the term “catarrhal” is most often used to describe the chronic form of the disease, and means inflammation of the mucous membranes.
Considering that acute rhinitis itself indicates inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the use of the term “catarrhal” is redundant (but not erroneous).
What are the symptoms of acute rhinitis?
And although an adult’s runny nose lasts (in acute form) no more than two weeks, and it does not seem to be any serious problem, lack of treatment can lead to serious consequences. You need to think about therapy immediately after symptoms appear. following signs rhinitis:
- Nasal congestion;
- Mucus secretion;
- Sneezing;
- Feeling of pressure in the ears;
- Headache;
- Loss of smell and taste.
Because the symptoms of rhinitis in adults can interfere with daily work, the disease is grounds for registration sick leave(but no more than 6 days).
Of course, with a normal flow from the nose, the ENT specialist is unlikely to attend the meeting and issue a certificate. You should consult a doctor if acute rhinitis is accompanied by fever and does not disappear even after taking medications.
Treatment methods for infectious rhinitis
Knowing the types of runny nose and their symptoms, you can decide how to treat the disease. Since it is most often diagnosed infectious rhinitis(and viral appears much more often than bacterial) most pharmaceutical drugs are aimed specifically at eliminating this problem.
If nasal rinsing does not help get rid of a runny nose, then you can use vasoconstrictor drops(Afrin, Rinonorm).
However, the period of use of this type of medication should not exceed 5 days. To make breathing easier, you can smear the skin under the nose with ointments such as Zvezdochka, Doctor Mom Fito.
Treatment of acute rhinitis in outpatient setting supplemented ultraviolet irradiation(popularly quartzing). In order to completely get rid of unpleasant symptom All you need is a procedure.
Quartz treatment is usually carried out once a day in the morning. Under the influence of a special lamp, not only bacteria die, but also viruses, fungi, and spores. Modern clinics can offer laser therapy. The advantage of the procedure is that it allows you to completely get rid of a runny nose in 3 procedures.
The well-known doctor Komarovsky suggests treating rhinitis in children without using medications. The pediatrician recommends installing a humidifier in the room and regularly rinsing the baby's nose with saline solution.
But if rhinitis prevents the baby from eating normally, then you need to additionally use a nasal aspirator, which helps physically remove mucus from the nose. Some pharmacies saline solutions(for example, Otrivin baby) are sold complete with a special tube.
How to cope with other types of rhinitis?
If it is not possible to consult a therapist and determine what type of disease is developing, it is recommended to monitor how long the runny nose lasts.
In case of a viral infection (especially if the patient regularly washes his nose and drinks large amounts of liquid), the nasal passages clear in about 7 days. If a person ignored primary treatment, and the body “fought” the viruses itself, then relief can be expected in two weeks.
If symptomatic treatment acute rhinitis did not help, and after two weeks the runny nose worsened, or green or dirty yellow discharge appeared from the nose, this means that the disease is progressing. IN in this case acute rhinitis will have to be treated with antibiotics.
If you have a runny nose caused by an allergy, you need to drink antihistamine, selected by a doctor. However, in most cases, allergic rhinitis is chronic, which means it is possible to take preventive measures.
Occupational and traumatic rhinitis requires eliminating the trigger of the problem, but for immediate relief of breathing, you can rinse your nose with physiological or saline solution.
How to make breathing easier when you have a runny nose?
Preventing complications of rhinitis at home is quite simple. The main thing is to adhere to three simple rules:
Drink enough fluids.
Plain clean water will help activate drainage in the nasal passages. But drinks containing caffeine or alcohol are best avoided during a runny nose. Even 2-3 glasses of strong liquid will cause swelling of the nose.
You can relieve your condition by simply inhaling steam from a pan of hot water, and if you add a few drops there essential oils, the procedure will become many times more effective.
It is also worth monitoring the humidity in the room, dry warm air does not contribute to a speedy recovery, but rather the opposite. It is best to install a humidifier in your apartment that will maintain an ideal environment.
Clean your nasal passages regularly.
You can use ready-made pharmaceutical preparations (Sialor, Aquamaris, etc.), or prepare your own nasal solution. You just need to mix a teaspoon of fine pure salt (without a slide) with a liter of purified water.
By adhering to such simple rules, you don’t have to fear that a runny nose will ever develop into a chronic one.
How to eliminate a runny nose at home
How to warm your nose with a runny nose without causing harm
What and how to rinse your nose: 3 types of cleansing solutions
Acupressure for a runny nose
Propolis for the common cold: basic methods of preparation
Acute rhinitis (acute runny nose) - Review of information
Acute rhinitis (acute runny nose) is an acute nonspecific inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
ICD-10 code
J00 Acute nasopharyngitis (runny nose).
ICD-10 code
Epidemiology of acute rhinitis
Acute rhinitis is considered one of the most common diseases in both children and adults; there are no exact epidemiological data.
Causes of acute rhinitis
In the etiology of acute catarrhal rhinitis, the main importance is the reduction of local and general resistance body and activation of microflora in the nasal cavity. This usually occurs with general or local hypothermia, which disrupts protective neuro-reflex mechanisms. Weakening of local and general immunity during hypothermia of the entire body or its parts (legs, head, etc.) leads to an increase in the pathogenic activity of saprophytic microorganisms in the nasal cavity, in particular staphylococci, streptococci, and some others, especially in people who are not hardened to cold and sudden changes in temperature. The effects of hypothermia manifest themselves more quickly in individuals with reduced resistance, especially against the background of chronic diseases, in patients weakened by acute diseases.
Symptoms of acute rhinitis
In the clinical picture of acute catarrhal rhinitis, three stages are distinguished. Sequentially passing from one to another:
- dry stage (irritation);
- stage of serous discharge;
- stage of mucopurulent discharge (resolution).
Each of these stages is characterized by specific complaints and manifestations, therefore the approaches to treatment will be different.
The duration of the dry stage (irritation) is usually several hours, rarely 1-2 days. Patients note a feeling of dryness, tension, burning, scratching, tickling in the nose, often in the pharynx and larynx, and sneezing. At the same time, malaise and chills occur, patients complain of heaviness and pain in the head, often in the forehead, an increase in body temperature to subfebrile, less often to febrile levels. At this stage, the nasal mucosa is hyperemic, dry, it gradually swells, and the nasal passages narrow. Breathing through the nose is gradually impaired, there is a deterioration in the sense of smell (respiratory hyposmia), a weakening of the sense of taste, and a closed nasal tone appears.
What's troubling?
Classification of acute runny nose
- acute catarrhal rhinitis (rhinitis cataralis acuta);
- acute catarrhal nasopharyngitis;
- acute traumatic rhinitis.
Diagnosis of acute rhinitis
To diagnose acute rhinitis, anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination nasal cavity.
What needs to be examined?
Who to contact?
Treatment of acute rhinitis
Treatment of acute rhinitis is aimed at relieving the painful symptoms of acute rhinitis and reducing the duration of the disease.
Acute rhinitis is usually treated on an outpatient basis. In rare cases of severe runny nose, accompanied by a significant increase in body temperature, bed rest is recommended. It is better for the patient to allocate a room with warm and humidified air, which reduces the painful feeling of dryness, tension and burning in the nose. You should not eat spicy, irritating foods. It is necessary to monitor the timeliness of physiological functions (stool, urination). During the period of closure of the nasal passages, you do not need to forcefully breathe through your nose; you should blow your nose without much effort and at a time only through one half of the nose, so as not to throw pathological discharge through auditory tubes into the middle ear.
More information about treatment
Medicines
Medical Expert Editor
Portnov Alexey Alexandrovich
Education: Kyiv National Medical University named after. A.A. Bogomolets, specialty - “General Medicine”
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