Respiratory tract diseases - symptoms, prevention, treatment. Symptoms and treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases in children and adults

Inflammatory diseases respiratory tract- the most common diseases. This fact is explained by the simplicity of the mechanism of infection entering the human body and carelessness, which leads to disease.

An infected person, not caring not only about his own health, but also about the health of those around him, goes to work, study, communicates with classmates, colleagues, thinking that there is nothing terrible about it. In fact, he is the carrier and distributor of the infection. He sneezed and coughed and spread the infection into the air. I talked on the phone in the office - I left pathogens on the phone that the next person who needs to make a phone call will pick up. And so on... Anyone can get sick, regardless of gender, age and social status.

The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower. Upper paths- nose, sinuses, part of the oral cavity and pharynx. The lower ones are the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Healthy airways provide gas exchange function. When the system works without failure, the air entering the nasal passages during inhalation is warmed, disinfected and, already “prepared,” enters the lungs. When inflammation occurs in any part of this complex system, the entire system fails.

Treatment with folk remedies

Rhinitis

St. John's wort. If you often have rhinitis, take care of treatment in advance. Pick fresh St. John's wort, chop it and mix thirty grams of green mass with a glass of high-quality refined vegetable oil. Seal the container and place it in a dark cupboard for three weeks. Shake occasionally. Carefully strain and squeeze out the raw materials. To treat rhinitis, place five drops in each nostril three times a day.
Burdock. Oil infused with burdock roots is effective for treating rhinitis. Dig up the roots, wash and cut into small pieces. Place them in a glass jar and pour in unrefined vegetable oil so that it completely covers the roots. After two weeks the product is ready for use. No need to strain. Soak cotton or gauze flagella in infused oil and place in the nasal passages for a quarter of an hour, five times a day.

Lilies of the valley. During the lily of the valley flowering season, pick the flowers and dry them along with the stems. Then grind them into a fine powder and pour into a glass container with a lid. As soon as you feel a runny nose approaching, open the jar and inhale the lily of the valley powder in the manner of snuff.
Mint and foot baths. The following remedy has come down to this day from time immemorial. Just before going to bed, prepare a large container of hot water, in which dissolve a glass of salt. Brew Mint tea. Sit comfortably, lower your feet into the water so that it reaches your knees, and take a little vodka into your mouth. Sit like this, without swallowing the vodka, for fifteen minutes. Then take your feet out of the water, wipe them, spit out the vodka and drink two glasses of tea with raspberry jam. Warm your head with a scarf or hat and go to bed until the morning.

Sinusitis

St. John's wort. For sinusitis, rinsing the nasal cavity with St. John's wort infusion is very helpful. Brew one spoon of dry herb with a glass of boiling water. Leave to a comfortable temperature, strain and use for rinsing. It is recommended to drink the same infusion half a glass three times a day.

Clover. An infusion of clover flowers is recommended for sinusitis accompanied by severe headaches. Pour one spoonful of dried crushed flowers into a glass of boiling water and leave for half an hour. Strain and drink one hundred ml three times a day.
Celandine. Purulent sinusitis responds well to treatment with celandine juice. Pick fresh celandine, rinse and dry it, squeeze out the juice. Drain it into a dry, clean glass container and refrigerate for a week. After the specified time, use for instillation into the nose.
Garlic and apple cider vinegar. Inhalations are also an integral part complex treatment sinusitis. Peel the garlic and pour five chopped cloves with a glass of boiling water. Pour a spoonful into the mixture apple cider vinegar and breathe in the vapors. The inhalation procedure should be carried out once a day for a week.

Cyclamen, aloe, kalanchoe. Prepare aloe and kalanchoe. Squeeze the juice out of them and combine one spoon at a time. Add to them a spoonful of Vishnevsky ointment and crushed cyclamen root. Rub everything until completely combined and place tampons lubricated with ointment in the nostrils for half an hour. Carry out the procedure once a day for three weeks.

Sinusitis

Gastrointestinal fat and salt. Mix melted pork fat in the amount of one spoon with four spoons sea salt. Rub the resulting ointment-like mass onto the bridge of the nose and sinus area three times a day.

Honey, milk, butter. A spoonful of honey, vegetable oil, milk, juice onions, medical alcohol and finely grated laundry soap, mix and place in a steam bath. Hold until the soap melts. Remove and cool. Three times a day, place swabs lubricated with ointment in each nostril for a quarter of an hour.
Onion compress. Finely chop the onion along with the husk, crush until the juice comes out. Spread the onion mass on the compress cloth. Apply a rich cream to your forehead and apply an onion compress for five to ten minutes. Do onion compresses three times a day.

Radish compress. Wash one radish and chop it on a grater. Do the same with the gruel as with the onion and, after lubricating the skin, apply a compress to the sinus area. Place a warm cloth on top and lie there for ten minutes. Make radish compresses once a day before bed.
Ledum. Infuse two tablespoons of crushed wild rosemary in half a glass of vegetable oil for a week and a half. Strain and use for instillation three times a day.
Bay oil. Effectively treat sinusitis drops from bay leaf. Pour thirty grams of mashed bay leaf into a glass of heated vegetable oil. After five days, strain. Place three drops in each nostril three times a day.

Tonsillitis

Coltsfoot. Pick fresh juicy coltsfoot leaves, wash and dry. Squeeze the juice out of them and measure the volume. Add to the juice the same amount of natural dry red wine and onion juice. Store the mixture in the refrigerator. Three times a day, take one spoon of the product diluted with three spoons of purified water.
Sage. Pour three tablespoons of dry sage into a liter hot water and send it to a steam bath for a quarter of an hour. Remove, wait for it to cool and strain. Drink a quarter glass three times a day and gargle with the decoction sore throat at intervals of one hour.

Garlic. Peel the garlic cloves and squeeze out the juice. Soak a swab in juice and wipe sore tonsils. After an hour, repeat the procedure, but instead garlic juice use propolis infusion for lubrication.
Iodine-soda rinse. In a glass with warm water add half a spoonful of salt and soda, stir until dissolved. Add five drops of iodine and use as a rinse throughout the day. Traditional healers They promise relief by the evening.
Beets and vinegar. Squeeze the juice from one medium-sized beetroot, add a spoon to it table vinegar. After an hour of infusion, use for rinsing. After the procedure, it is recommended to drink one spoon of the product.

Ivy. Pick twenty ivy leaves, wash them, pour a glass of dry wine and simmer for five minutes over low heat. Cool, strain and use for rinsing.
Aloe. Every morning, immediately after waking up, take one spoon of freshly squeezed aloe juice. Treatment should be carried out daily, for a week and a half.
Aloe and honey. Squeeze the juice from the prepared aloe leaves, mix it with honey, taken in triple volume from the aloe juice. The resulting product should be used to lubricate inflamed tonsils daily.

Angina

Anise. Place a spoonful of anise seeds in a small saucepan, pour in a glass of hot water and put on fire. Bring to a boil and simmer for three minutes. Remove and strain after twenty minutes. Three times a day, before meals, drink a quarter glass of the decoction.
Pine cones. Gain two kilograms young pine cones. Grind them and mix with a kilogram of honey. Leave to infuse for three months. Take one spoon before breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Tincture of pine cones. Finely chop one kilogram of green cones and pour a liter of high-quality vodka. Leave it for a month and a half. Strain and drink one spoon half an hour before each meal.

Horseradish. Squeeze the juice from the horseradish, add the same volume to it clean water. Use the resulting product to gargle.
Garlic, honey, wine vinegar. Peel eight cloves of garlic and mash them thoroughly. Pour eight tablespoons of wine vinegar into the garlic mass, stir and refrigerate for eight hours. Add two tablespoons of liquid honey, mix thoroughly. For treatment, take two spoons of the product into your mouth three times a day and hold as much as you can, then swallow.
Coffee, yogurt, garlic. To one spoon of natural yogurt, add a spoon of instant coffee and a paste of five cloves of garlic. Stir, then add two tablespoons of honey and add enough corn flour to make the mixture the consistency of a thick cream. Apply the medicated cream to your neck in the morning and evening.

Cranberry and honey. Squeeze a glass of juice from cranberries, add three tablespoons of honey to it. Use as a gargle. After the procedure, take two spoons of the product orally.

Pharyngitis

Sage, eucalyptus, plantain. Boil a spoonful of herbs in half a liter of water for fifteen minutes. Cool, add a spoonful of honey and a little citric acid. Gargle four times a day; after the procedure, swallow two or three sips of the decoction. Instead of plantain, you can use chamomile, calendula or thyme.

Medicinal syrup. Chop juicy garlic. Place half a cup of garlic mass in a saucepan and add enough liquid honey to completely cover the garlic. Heat over low heat for half an hour. During this time, a homogeneous mass should be obtained. Cool, add a little clean water and heat. After two hours, strain. Eat a spoonful every hour.
Three-stage treatment. Stage one - ten days. Make a gargle six times a day and use next remedy. Chop two cloves of garlic and pour half a glass of hot milk. When the milk reaches a comfortable temperature, strain and gargle while lying on your back.

Stage two - ten days. Also, six times a day, prepare an infusion of one spoon of calendula in a glass of hot milk. Use for rinsing.

Stage three - ten days. Four times a day, prepare a decoction of a spoonful of dried potato flowers in a glass of water. Bring to a boil and simmer for five minutes. After half an hour, strain and gargle while lying on your back.

Laryngitis

Peanut. Pour sixty grams of unshelled peanuts with water, bring to a boil and cook for half an hour. Remove the peanuts from the water and dry them in a hot pan. Eat without cleansing in one go.
Pork skin. Clean pork skin Boil until tender. For twenty days there is no a large number of pork skin three times a day before each meal.
Raspberries and ginger. Place two tablespoons of dried raspberries, a pinch of ginger and two tablespoons of vegetable oil in a thermos. Pour in half a liter of boiling water and leave overnight. In the morning, strain and drink five sips before each meal.
Flax seed. One spoon flaxseeds Boil in a glass of water for five minutes. Remove, cool slightly, strain and add two tablespoons of cognac. You should drink two spoons every half hour.

Raspberries. Steep a handful of dry raspberry leaves in half a liter of boiling water for one hour. Strain and take half a glass three times a day.
Horseradish. Finely chop the horseradish root, about the size of two walnuts. Pour in one hundred and fifty ml of boiling water. After half an hour, add two tablespoons of sugar. Stir and strain. Drink small sips frequently throughout the day.

Tracheitis

Althea. Grind the marshmallow root and pour it into a glass of boiling water. Leave until cool. Strain and drink one spoon four times a day.
Aloe and wine. Squeeze one hundred and fifty ml of juice from aloe, add to it three hundred ml of dry red wine and two hundred grams of liquid honey. Leave to infuse for five days. Eat one spoon an hour before each meal.
Aloe, honey and walnut. Pick the fleshy aloe leaves, wash and refrigerate for ten days. Then finely chop them and, measuring the volume of the resulting mass, add three times more boiling water. After two hours, strain and squeeze the raw materials into the infusion. Mix with a glass of honey and half a kilogram of mashed kernels walnut. Eat one spoon an hour before breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Blackberry (root). Grind the blackberry root and boil in half a liter of water for ten minutes. After two hours, strain. Drink one glass of decoction three times a day.
Blackberry (leaves). Pour two tablespoons of blackberry leaf into half a liter of clean lightly warm water and leave overnight. In the morning, place on the stove and bring to a boil. Cool and strain the broth. Drink like tea.
Hoof. Infuse two spoons of coffin leaf in a glass of boiling water for two hours. Then strain and drink one spoon four times a day.
Mullein. Infuse two tablespoons of crushed dry mullein leaves in a glass of just boiled water for one hour. Strain and drink two sips throughout the day.

Bronchitis

Honey and plantain. Combine half a kilogram of honey with half a liter of juice from fresh leaves plantain, put on fire, bring to a boil and simmer for twenty minutes. Remove, cool, take one spoon half an hour before each meal.
Gogol-mogol. Two fresh yolks chicken eggs Grind with sugar until the volume doubles. Consume twice on an empty stomach.

Honey and viburnum. Mash one hundred grams of viburnum berries, add two hundred grams of honey and boil for five minutes after boiling. Cool and treat by taking two spoons five times daily.
Honey and onions. Finely chop half a kilogram of onions and place in a saucepan. Add four hundred grams of sugar and fifty grams of honey, and a liter of water to the onion. Place on the stove, bring to a boil and simmer over very low heat for three hours. Cool, pour into a glass container, and store in the refrigerator. Drink one spoon six times a day.

Licorice. Grind the licorice root and boil two tablespoons in half a liter of water for ten minutes. Remove from heat and strain after two hours. Drink a third of a glass up to five times a day.
Honey, radish and carrots. Get one hundred ml of carrot and beet juice in any way available to you. Mix the juices together, add a spoonful of liquid honey. Drink one spoon every hour.

Pneumonia

Elecampane and St. John's wort. Pour three tablespoons of dry elecampane and a spoonful of St. John's wort into half a liter of boiling water. Boil over low heat for half an hour. Remove and strain after cooling. Combine two glasses of liquid honey with a glass of warm olive oil. Combine the herbal decoction and honey with oil in a glass bowl. Cover and refrigerate for fourteen days. Stir before use and drink one spoon five times a day.
Aloe, honey, Cahors. Pour two hundred and fifty finely chopped aloe leaves into half a liter of high-quality Cahors and add honey. Stir and leave in the refrigerator for two weeks. Before use, strain the liquid from the infusion, squeeze out the aloe and take one spoonful of the product three times a day.

Oats. Pour one glass of oat grains into a glass of milk, bring to a boil and cook over low heat for one hour, stirring constantly. Strain and drink throughout the day.
Birch, linden, honey, aloe. Fifty grams of linden flowers, one hundred and fifty grams of birch buds, a glass of crushed aloe, two hundred ml of olive oil and 1.3 kilograms of linden honey. Combine honey and aloe and heat over low heat. Linden flowers and Birch buds pour in two glasses of water and boil for two minutes. Strain the broth, squeeze out the flowers and buds and pour the broth into the honey and aloe. Mix thoroughly and pour into a glass container. Take one spoon three times a day.

Alveolitis

Cowberry. Boil fifteen grams of dry lingonberry leaves in a glass of water for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain. Drink the decoction throughout the day, dividing it into three different parts.
Birch. Pour twenty grams of dry birch leaves and the same number of buds into two glasses of boiling water and leave for an hour. Strain, divide into four equal portions and drink half an hour before each meal the day before.
Chamomile, motherwort, hawthorn. Take five grams of hawthorn, chamomile, motherwort and dried berries. Pour into two hundred and fifty ml of hot water and boil for fifteen minutes. Then cool slightly, strain and take a quarter glass of decoction after meals.

Pumpkin juice. Drink five hundred ml of fresh water daily pumpkin juice. Pumpkin juice perfectly relieves swelling of the lungs and alveoli.

Respiratory tract diseases. Symptoms and causes

Disease	Symptoms	Causes
Rhinitis	Inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Nasal congestion. Headache. Loss of smell. Increased body temperature.	Viruses, hypothermia, unfavorable external environment.
Sinusitis, sinusitis	Inflammation of the sinuses. Nasal congestion. Pain in the eyes, forehead, sinuses. Temperature increase.	The main reason is an infection of the nasal mucosa. Careless or incorrect treatment Acute respiratory infections, untreated caries.
Tonsillitis, sore throat	Inflammation of the tonsils. A sore throat. Increased body temperature. Muscle and joint pain. General weakness.	Contact with a virus carrier. Decreased immunity. Hypothermia of the body. Unfavorable environment.
Pharyngitis	Inflammation of the pharynx. Sore and dry throat. Redness and enlargement of the tonsils.	Infections. Polluted air, inhalation of paint fumes, etc.
Laryngitis	Inflammation of the larynx. Redness and swelling of the laryngeal mucosa. Cough. Fever, weakness.	Infections. Overstrain of the vocal cords.
Tracheitis	Inflammation of the trachea. Cough, mostly at night, sore throat, difficulty breathing. Temperature increase.	Viruses, sometimes staphylococcus. Adverse Impact environment. Too cold or hot air.
Bronchitis	Inflammation of the bronchi. Cough with expectoration. Increased body temperature.	Infections. Smoking. Unfavorable environment.
Pneumonia	Inflammation of lung tissue. Fever, cough, chest pain. Weakness, loss of appetite.	Bacteria, viruses. Decreased immunity.
Alveolitis	Inflammation of the alveoli. Shortness of breath, cough, wheezing in the chest. Weakness, fatigue	Seasonal allergies. Unfavorable environment.

Video - Treatment of respiratory tract inflammation

Do you get sick often?

The most common reason for seeking doctor's help is a cold. By this term, most average people mean diseases that are manifested by a runny nose and cough. But in fact, such ailments can be caused by the most various factors, and even localized in different organs respiratory system. Let's look at existing inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as the lower ones, in a little more detail on this page www.site.

List of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

This group of diseases includes many diseases that are familiar to everyone and us from childhood. These are acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, rhinitis and pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. In addition, this group includes tonsillitis with tonsillitis, epiglottitis and sinusitis.

Inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Such ailments are considered more complex, they are more likely to cause complications and require more thorough treatment. These include bronchitis, pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A little more about inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system

Sore throat represents inflammatory lesion respiratory tract, which is acutely infectious and accompanied by damage to the palatine tonsils. The inflammatory process with this disease can affect other accumulations of lymphadenoid tissue, for example, lingual, laryngeal and nasopharyngeal tonsils. Patients with angina complain of severe pain in the throat, their temperature increases, and when examining the throat, reddened and enlarged tonsils become noticeable.

Rhinitis is an inflammatory lesion of the upper respiratory tract, which is localized on the mucous membranes of the nose. This disease can be both acute and chronic. This disease can develop after hypothermia or due to exposure to mechanical or chemical provoking factors. Rhinitis also often occurs as a complication of other infectious diseases (flu, etc.).

Bronchitis is a disease of the lower respiratory tract, it manifests itself as a dry cough. First, the patient develops a runny nose, followed by a dry cough, which eventually becomes wet. Bronchitis can be caused by an attack by viruses or bacteria.

Acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are ailments that we most often call a cold. In such diseases, in most cases, the nasopharynx, trachea, and bronchial tree.

Pneumonia is a disease of the lower respiratory tract that is localized in the lungs and can be caused by an infectious agent. This pathological condition is usually manifested by an increase in temperature up to thirty-nine degrees, the appearance of a wet cough, which is accompanied by copious sputum. Many patients also complain of shortness of breath and painful sensations in area chest.

Sinusitis is a fairly common disease of the upper respiratory tract, which is an inflammatory lesion of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses, as well as the nasal passages.

Rhinopharyngitis is one of the ailments of the respiratory system in which inflammation occurs upper area larynx, nasopharynx, as well as palatine arches, tonsils and uvula.

Laryngitis is a disease of the upper respiratory tract, which is manifested by inflammatory damage to the mucous membranes of the larynx.

Epiglottitis is another disease of the respiratory system. It is an inflammatory lesion of the epiglottis area.

Tracheitis is a fairly common disease in which the patient develops inflammation of the subglottic region, as well as the mucous membranes of the trachea.

Treatment inflammatory diseases respiratory system

The treatment of the above ailments is carried out by pulmonologists, as well as therapists. Most of them are quite treatable at home, but many patients with pneumonia and complicated bronchitis are asked to go to an inpatient department.
In mild forms, diseases of the respiratory system (especially the upper respiratory tract) are successfully eliminated in just a few days, and the need to use medications does not always arise.

So, when symptoms of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract appear, it is recommended to eat lemon with honey, gargle with different solutions (solution of salt and iodine, solution of propolis or potassium permanganate, etc.) and herbal decoctions (etc.). For instillation into the nose, you can use honey water, aloe and beet juice. It is recommended to breathe over the steam of boiled potatoes, finely chopped onions and hot milk with soda. You should also drink more liquid - plain water and various teas, for example, based on linden color, raspberries, etc.

If you suspect the development of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, it is better to seek medical help. Bronchitis and pneumonia are most often treated with antibiotic compounds wide range actions, the patient must adhere to bed rest, switch to dietary nutrition. It is recommended to take drugs that dilute sputum and facilitate its removal, as well as drugs that help activate the immune system.

Most diseases of the respiratory system are quite amenable to self-treatment at home. However, if you suspect the development of pneumonia, you should definitely seek medical help.

- these are ailments, usually referred to by the people as “a sore throat” and “a runny nose.” However, in reality everything is not so simple, because there is a whole series various diseases with seemingly similar symptoms, but they are completely different in terms of their course and approaches to their treatment.

Types and symptoms of upper respiratory tract diseases

Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract include: sore throat, rhinitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, adenoiditis And tonsillitis.

These diseases are among the most common, periodically affecting every fourth inhabitant of our planet. They are diagnosed all year round, but in Russia their peak falls in mid-September, mid-April. During this period, they are usually associated with acute respiratory viral infections. Let's look at each disease in more detail.

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity. Appears in two forms: acute And chronic form.

The cause of acute rhinitis is a harmful effect on the nasal mucosa of bacterial or viral nature. This form of rhinitis is often a faithful companion to many infectious diseases akin to influenza, gonorrhea, diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc. With its development, swelling of the tissues of the nasal cavity is observed (in this case, the swelling area spreads in both halves of the nose). In most cases, acute rhinitis occurs in three stages. At the first stage, lasting from 1–2 hours to 1–2 days, the patient experiences severe itching and dryness in the nasal cavity, accompanied by frequent sneezing. All this is additionally accompanied by headache, general malaise, deterioration of sense of smell, increased body temperature, and watery eyes. The second stage will be marked by the appearance (usually in large quantities) of clear nasal discharge, difficulty breathing and a nasal tone when speaking. Well, during the third stage, the previously transparent and liquid nasal discharge becomes purulent-mucous, after which it gradually disappears. Breathing also gradually becomes easier.

Sinusitis. This disease consists of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and in most cases is also a complication of corresponding infectious diseases. For example, these could be: scarlet fever, same acute rhinitis, flu, measles, etc. Like the previous disease, sinusitis has two forms: acute And chronic. The acute form, in turn, is divided into catarrhal And purulent sinusitis, and chronic – on purulent, edematous polyposis And mixed sinusitis.

If we talk about the symptoms of acute and chronic forms of sinusitis, which appear during periods of exacerbation, they are almost identical. To the most typical symptoms may include increased body temperature, malaise, frequent headaches, copious mucous discharge from the nose, nasal congestion (most often only on one side). One, several or all of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed, and other associated diseases occur. If only some of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed, then there is ethmoiditis, aerosinusitis, sphenoiditis, sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. If inflammatory processes affect all the nasal sinuses (on one or both sides), then this disease is called pansinusitis.

Adenoids. This is an increase in the size of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, which occurs due to hyperplasia of its tissue. Let us recall that the nasopharyngeal tonsil is a formation located in the vault of the nasopharynx and is part of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring. As a rule, children aged 3 to 10 years are susceptible to adenoiditis, and it is a consequence of infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, flu, measles etc.

One of the first symptoms of adenoiditis is difficulty breathing and copious mucous discharge from the nasal cavity. In turn, difficulty breathing causes poor sleep, fatigue, hearing loss, lethargy and memory problems, decreased performance at school, nasal speech and systematic headaches.

If the disease is critically advanced, the patient’s nasolabial folds may smooth out, provoking the appearance of the so-called “adenoid” facial expression. In addition, laryngospasms form, twitching of the facial muscles begins to appear, and in particularly advanced cases, deformation of the chest and facial part of the skull occurs. All this occurs against a background of constant coughing and shortness of breath, and sometimes anemia develops.

Chronic tonsillitis. The disease occurs as a result of inflammation of the palatine tonsils, which flows into chronic form. Chronic tonsillitis It most often occurs in children, and it practically does not threaten people of retirement age.

Pathogens chronic tonsillitis– bacterial and fungal infections, which affect the palatine tonsils, the harmful activity of which is aggravated by adverse environmental influences (air pollution, cold), gross violation of diet, as well as other independent diseases (caries, purulent sinusitis, adenoiditis or hypertrophic rhinitis). Prolonged contact of pathogenic microflora with the palatine tonsils, aggravated by the general weakness of the body, often becomes the cause of chronic tonsillitis. If it develops, some noticeable changes occur in the palatine tonsils: keratinization of the epithelium begins, the formation of dense plugs in the lacunae, proliferation of connective tissues, softening lymphoid tissue, impaired lymphatic drainage from the tonsils, inflammation of regional lymph nodes. In addition, there is a violation of the receptor functions of the tonsils. Chronic tonsillitis divided into two forms: compensated And decompensated.

Sore throat (scientific name: acute tonsillitis) . Is acute inflammation, in most cases affecting the palatine tonsils, as well as the lingual and pharyngeal tonsils, larynx or lateral ridges. This is "traditional" childhood disease, however, it also affects adults under the age of 35–40 years. The main causative agents of sore throat include microorganisms such as fungi of the genus Candida, staphylococci, streptococci, and so on.

Factors contributing to the development of sore throat are hypothermia and overheating, mechanical damage tonsils, a decrease in the body’s defenses, smoke and dust in the environment, etc. There are two main ways of infection with this disease: exogenous (most often) and endogenous. Infection through the exogenous route is carried out by airborne droplets, as well as alimentary routes; as for endogenous infection, it occurs as a result of the presence of one or another source of inflammation in the oral cavity or nasopharynx (diseases of the teeth and gums, chronic tonsillitis, etc.).

There are four types of sore throat:catarrhal, follicular, phlegmous And lacunar.

Symptoms catarrhal sore throat, manifested on the first day of the disease, are dry mouth and sore throat, accompanied by pain when swallowing. After this, the patient experiences an increase in temperature and a deterioration in general health, weakness and headaches. Initial examination pharynx allows us to detect slight swelling of the palatine tonsils (with changes in the posterior pharynx and soft palate are not observed). In addition to the described symptoms, patients with catarrhal tonsillitis experience an increase in lymph nodes and a slight change in blood composition.

As for follicular And lacunar forms of sore throat, then their manifestation occurs more acutely. The first symptoms include chills, a sharp increase in temperature, sweating, headache, general weakness, loss of appetite, aching joints, an increase in the size of the lymph nodes and the appearance of pain in them. In addition, severe swelling of the palatine tonsils is also observed. In the case of the follicular form, festering follicles are clearly visible through the mucous membrane of the tonsils.

With lacunar tonsillitis, a yellow-white coating forms at the mouths of the lacunae, which over time completely covers the tonsils. It should be noted that in its pure form, any of these forms of angina is extremely rare; in the vast majority of cases, they occur “as a couple.”

It is highly advisable, if possible, for those suffering from a sore throat of any form to be protected from any contact with other people (in particular, children), since this disease is acutely infectious.

Lech tion In most cases, tonsillitis is treated at home. For this purpose, antibiotics and local agents are used. antimicrobial action, antipyretic and restorative drugs.

Pharyngitis. This disease is an inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the surface of the pharynx. There are two forms of this disease:spicy And chronic pharyngitis.

Acute form can be found both as an independent disease and as one of the concomitant phenomena of ARVI. To the unfavorable factors that provoke the occurrence acute pharyngitis, may include: eating food and drinks that are too cold or too hot, inhaling cold or excessively polluted air.

Basic symptoms acute pharyngitis the following: pain when swallowing, dryness in the throat and mouth. In most cases general deterioration there is no feeling of well-being, as well as an increase in body temperature. During pharyngoscopy, inflammation of the posterior wall of the pharynx and palate can be detected. In its symptoms, acute pharyngitis is somewhat similar to catarrhal tonsillitis (however, in the latter case, the inflammation extends only to the tonsils).

Treatment acute pharyngitis carried out by gargling with warm herbal decoctions and alkaline solutions that have an anti-inflammatory effect.

As for chronic pharyngitis, then it is often a consequence of ignoring the treatment of acute pharyngitis. This unpleasant transformation is largely facilitated by smoking, alcohol abuse, sinusitis, rhinitis, diseases digestive tract. TO general symptoms chronic pharyngitis, common to all patients, include dryness and pain in the throat, a feeling of a lump in the throat.

Laryngitis. A disease consisting of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the surface of the larynx. There are two forms of this disease:spicy And chronic laryngitis.

To the causes acute laryngitis in most cases, it can be attributed to excessive voice strain, severe hypothermia of the respiratory tract and certain independent diseases (whooping cough, flu, measles, etc.).

In case of illness acute laryngitis inflammation is observed both of the entire mucous surface of the larynx and of its individual sections. In areas affected by inflammation, the mucous membrane swells and becomes bright red. In some cases, the inflammatory process can spread to the tracheal mucosa, causing the development of another disease - laryngotracheitis.

Ltreatment of upper respiratory tract diseases

elimination or maximum possible reduction in the size of edema of the mucous membrane, as well as restoration of airway patency, for this purpose vasoconstrictors or decongestants are used;
usage antimicrobials local action (ointments, sprays, etc.); such treatments are most effective in the early stages of the disease; for more late stages they complement and enhance (and sometimes replace) antibiotic therapy;
destruction of pathogenic bacterial microflora;
elimination of the accumulation of mucous masses in the upper respiratory tract: resort to the help of mucolytics containing carbocysteine or acetylcysteine, or herbal preparations.

It is also important to remember that fundamentally traditional treatment inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract lie antibacterial drugs, most often taken orally.

Respiratory diseases are more common during the cold season. More often they affect people with weakened immune systems, children and elderly pensioners. These diseases are divided into two groups: diseases of the upper respiratory tract and lower. This classification depends on the location of the infection.

According to their shape, they distinguish between sharp and chronic diseases respiratory tract. The chronic form of the disease occurs with periodic exacerbations and periods of calm (remission). The symptoms of a particular pathology during periods of exacerbation are absolutely identical to those observed during acute form the same respiratory disease.

These pathologies can be infectious and allergic.

They are more often caused by pathological microorganisms, such as bacteria (ARI) or viruses (ARVI). As a rule, these diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets from sick people. The upper respiratory tract includes nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. Infections that enter these parts of the respiratory system cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract:

Rhinitis.
Sinusitis.
Sore throat.
Laryngitis.
Adenoiditis.
Pharyngitis.
Tonsillitis.

All these ailments are diagnosed all year round, but in our country the increase in incidence occurs in mid-April and September. Such respiratory diseases are the most common in children.

Rhinitis

This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa. Rhinitis occurs in acute or chronic form. Most often it is caused by an infection, viral or bacterial, but various allergens can also be the cause. In any case, a characteristic symptom is swelling of the nasal mucosa and difficulty breathing.

For initial stage Rhinitis is characterized by dryness and itching in the nasal cavity and general malaise. The patient sneezes, the sense of smell is impaired, and sometimes rises low-grade fever. This condition can last from several hours to two days. Next join transparent discharge from the nose, liquid and in large quantities, then this discharge becomes mucopurulent in nature and gradually disappears. The patient feels better. Breathing through the nose is restored.

Rhinitis often does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but acts as an accompaniment to other infectious diseases, such as influenza, diphtheria, gonorrhea, scarlet fever. Depending on the cause of this respiratory tract disease, treatment is aimed at eliminating it.

Sinusitis

It often manifests itself as a complication of other infections (measles, rhinitis, influenza, scarlet fever), but can also act as an independent disease. There are acute and chronic forms of sinusitis. In the acute form, there is a catarrhal and purulent course, and in the chronic form - edematous-polyposis, purulent or mixed.

Characteristic symptoms for both acute and chronic forms of sinusitis are frequent headaches, general malaise, and hyperthermia (increased body temperature). As for nasal discharge, it is profuse and mucous in nature. They can be observed only on one side, this happens most often. This is due to the fact that only some of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed. And this, in turn, may indicate one or another disease, for example:

Aerosinusitis.
Sinusitis.
Ethmoiditis.
Sphenoiditis.
Frontit.

Thus, sinusitis often does not manifest itself as an independent disease, but serves as an indicative symptom of another pathology. In this case, it is necessary to treat the root cause, i.e. those infectious diseases of the respiratory tract that provoked the development of sinusitis.

If nasal discharge occurs on both sides, this pathology is called pansinusitis. Depending on the cause of this upper respiratory tract disease, treatment will be aimed at eliminating it. Most often used antibacterial therapy.

If sinusitis is caused chronic sinusitis, during the transition acute phase illness to chronic quick fix undesirable consequences, punctures are often used followed by washing with the drug "Furacilin" or saline solution maxillary sinus. This method of treatment in a short period relieves the patient of the symptoms that torment him (severe headache, swelling of the face, increased body temperature).

Adenoids

This pathology appears due to hyperplasia of the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. This is a formation included in the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring. This tonsil is located in the nasopharyngeal vault. As a rule, the inflammatory process of the adenoids (adenoiditis) occurs only in childhood (from 3 to 10 years). The symptoms of this pathology are:

Difficulty breathing.
Mucous discharge from the nose.
During sleep, the child breathes through the mouth.
Sleep may be disrupted.
Nasality appears.
Possible hearing impairment.
In advanced cases, a so-called adenoid facial expression appears (smoothness of the nasolabial folds).
Laryngospasms appear.
Twitching of individual facial muscles may be observed.
Deformation of the chest and skull in the facial part appears in particularly advanced cases.

All these symptoms are accompanied by shortness of breath, cough and, if severe course- development of anemia.

To treat this respiratory disease in severe cases apply surgery- removal of adenoids. In the initial stages, rinsing is used disinfectant solutions and decoctions or infusions of medicinal herbs. For example, you can use the following fee:

All ingredients of the collection are taken in equal parts. If some component is missing, then you can get by with the composition that is available. The prepared collection (15 g) is poured into 250 ml of hot water and boiled over very low heat for 10 minutes, after which it is infused for another 2 hours. The medicine prepared in this way is filtered and used warm to rinse the nose or instill 10-15 drops into each nostril.

Chronic tonsillitis

This pathology occurs as a result of the inflammatory process of the palatine tonsils, which has become chronic. Chronic tonsillitis often affects children; it practically does not occur in old age. This pathology is caused by fungal and bacterial infections. Other infectious diseases of the respiratory tract, such as hypertrophic rhinitis, purulent sinusitis, and adenoiditis, can provoke the development of chronic tonsillitis. Even untreated caries can cause this disease. Depending on the specific cause that provoked this upper respiratory tract disease, treatment should be aimed at eliminating the primary source of infection.

In the case of the development of a chronic process in the palatine tonsils, the following occurs:

Overgrowth of connective tissue.
Dense plugs form in the gaps.
Lymphoid tissue softens.
Cornification of the epithelium may begin.
Lymphatic drainage from the tonsils becomes difficult.
Nearby The lymph nodes become inflamed.

Chronic tonsillitis can occur in a compensated or decompensated form.

In treatment of this disease good effect They give physiotherapeutic procedures (UV irradiation), rinses with disinfectant solutions ("Furacilin", "Lugol's", 1-3% iodine, "Iodglycerin", etc.) are applied topically. After rinsing, it is necessary to irrigate the tonsils with disinfectant sprays, for example, the drug "Strepsils Plus" is used. Some experts recommend vacuum suction, after which the tonsils are also treated with similar sprays.

In the case of a pronounced toxic-allergic form of this disease and the absence of a positive effect from conservative treatment, surgical removal of the tonsils is performed.

Angina

The scientific name of this disease is acute tonsillitis. There are 4 types of sore throat:

Catarrhal.
Follicular.
Lakunnaya.
Phlegmous.

In their pure form, these types of sore throat are practically never found. Always present at least symptoms of two types of this disease. So, for example, with lacunae, white-yellow purulent formations are visible at the mouths of some lacunae, and with follicular, festering follicles are visible through the mucous membrane. But in both cases, catarrhal phenomena, redness and enlargement of the tonsils are observed.

With any type of sore throat, body temperature rises and worsens general state, chills appear and an increase in regional lymph nodes is observed.

Regardless of the type of sore throat, rinsing with disinfectant solutions and physiotherapy are used. In the presence of purulent processes, antibacterial therapy is used.

Pharyngitis

This pathology is associated with the inflammatory process of the pharyngeal mucosa. Pharyngitis can develop as an independent disease or a concomitant one, for example, with ARVI. This pathology can be provoked by eating too hot or cold food, as well as inhaling polluted air. Highlight acute course pharyngitis and chronic. Symptoms that occur with acute pharyngitis, are:

Feeling of dryness in the throat (pharynx area).
Pain when swallowing.
Upon examination (pharyngoscopy), signs of inflammation of the palate and its posterior wall are revealed.

The symptoms of pharyngitis are very similar to those of catarrhal tonsillitis, but, unlike it, the patient’s general condition remains normal, and there is no increase in body temperature. With this pathology, as a rule, the inflammatory process does not affect the palatine tonsils, but with catarrhal tonsillitis, on the contrary, signs of inflammation are present exclusively on them.

Chronic pharyngitis develops with an untreated acute process. Other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, as well as smoking and alcohol abuse, can also provoke a chronic course.

Laryngitis

With this disease, the inflammatory process spreads to the larynx. It can affect individual parts of it or capture it completely. Often the cause of this illness is vocal strain, severe hypothermia, or other independent diseases (measles, whooping cough, influenza, etc.).

Depending on the location of the process in the larynx, individual areas of the lesion may be identified, which become bright red and swell. Sometimes the inflammatory process also affects the trachea, then we are talking about a disease such as laryngotracheitis.

There is no clear boundary between the upper and lower respiratory tract. The symbolic boundary between them passes at the intersection of the respiratory and digestive systems. Thus, the lower respiratory tract includes the larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Lower respiratory tract diseases are associated with infections of these parts of the respiratory system, namely:

Tracheitis.
Bronchitis.
Pneumonia.
Alveolitis.

Tracheitis

This is an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the trachea (it connects the larynx to the bronchi). Tracheitis can exist as an independent disease or serve as a symptom of influenza or other bacterial disease. The patient is concerned about the symptoms of general intoxication ( headache, fast fatiguability, fever). In addition, there is a raw pain behind the sternum, which intensifies when talking, inhaling cold air and coughing. In the mornings and at night, the patient is bothered by a dry cough. When combined with laryngitis (laryngotracheitis), the patient's voice becomes hoarse. If tracheitis occurs in combination with bronchitis (tracheobronchitis), sputum appears when coughing. If the disease is viral, it will be transparent. In case of joining bacterial infection sputum has gray-green color. In this case, antibiotic therapy must be used for treatment.

Bronchitis

This pathology manifests itself as inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Acute diseases respiratory tract of any location is very often accompanied by bronchitis. Thus, in case of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract, in case of untimely treatment, the infection goes down and bronchitis occurs. This disease is accompanied by a cough. At the initial stage of the process, it is a dry cough with sputum that is difficult to separate. During treatment and use mucolytic agents the sputum becomes liquefied and coughed up. If bronchitis is bacterial in nature, antibiotics are used for treatment.

Pneumonia

This is an inflammatory process of lung tissue. This disease is mainly caused by pneumococcal infection, but sometimes another pathogen can be the cause. The disease is accompanied by high fever, chills, and weakness. Often the patient experiences pain in the affected area when breathing. During auscultation, the doctor can listen for wheezing on the affected side. The diagnosis is confirmed by an x-ray. This disease requires hospitalization. Treatment is carried out using antibacterial therapy.

Alveolitis

This is an inflammatory process of the terminal parts of the respiratory system - the alveoli. As a rule, alveolitis is not an independent disease, but a concomitant one with another pathology. The reason for this may be:

Candidiasis.
Aspergillosis.
Legionellosis.
Cryptococcosis.
Q fever.

Symptoms of this disease include a characteristic cough, fever, severe cyanosis, general weakness. A complication may be fibrosis of the alveoli.

Antibacterial therapy

Antibiotics for respiratory tract diseases are prescribed only in the case of a bacterial infection. If the nature of the pathology is viral, then antibacterial therapy is not used.

Most often, drugs are used to treat diseases of the respiratory system of an infectious nature. penicillin series, such as medications "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin", "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin", etc.

If the chosen drug does not give the desired effect, the doctor prescribes another group of antibiotics, for example, fluoroquinolones. This group includes the drugs Moxifloxacin and Levofloxacin. These medicines successfully cope with bacterial infections that are resistant to penicillins.

Antibiotics of the cephalosparin group are most often used for therapy respiratory diseases. For this purpose, drugs such as "Cefixime" (its other name is "Suprax") or "Cefuroxime Axetil" are used (analogues of this drug are the drugs "Zinnat", "Axetin" and "Cefuroxime").

For treatment atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia or mycoplasma, macrolide antibiotics are used. These include the drug "Azithromycin" or its analogues - the drugs "Hemomycin" and "Sumamed".

Prevention

Prevention of respiratory tract diseases comes down to the following:

Try not to be in places with a polluted atmospheric environment (near highways, hazardous industries, etc.).
Regularly ventilate your home and workplace.
During the cold season, when there is a surge in respiratory diseases, try not to be in crowded places.
Good results are achieved by hardening procedures and systematic physical exercise, morning or evening jogging.
If you feel the first signs of illness, you should not expect everything to go away on its own; you need to seek medical help.

By observing these simple rules prevention of diseases of the respiratory system, you can maintain your health even during seasonal outbreaks of respiratory diseases.

Throat infection in children is a very dangerous condition, which can be complicated by laryngotracheitis and tracheal spasm. It is necessary to carry out timely diagnosis and treatment. On this page you can see what a throat infection looks like in children in the photo, illustrating the manifestation of external symptoms, such as hyperemia of the pharynx, rashes, swelling, etc. Acute infection upper respiratory tract in children can be caused by a viral or bacterial pathogenic microflora; depending on the type of pathogen, etiotropic treatment is prescribed.

Acute respiratory diseases are the most statistically common pathology in childhood. The causative agents of acute infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract are most often viruses (up to 95%). Any respiratory virus selectively affects a specific part of the respiratory tract, and not all respiratory tracts.

Among children attending preschool institutions, as well as in hospital infections, a significant proportion are mixed viral-bacterial infections.

An increase in the severity of the disease and its complications, as a rule, indicate the addition or activation of a bacterial infection, since there is a violation barrier function respiratory tract and decreased resistance.

At the same time, bacterial lesions of the upper respiratory tract can be primary. Thus, in more than 15% of cases, they are caused by isolated exposure to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus; acute purulent otitis media and sinusitis are often caused by pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and pyogenic streptococcus.

The role of atypical infections in the occurrence of respiratory tract diseases is growing. Thus, 35% of children and adolescents are carriers of mycoplasma, which can lead to recurrent diseases of the nose, paranasal sinuses and larynx.

Fungal infections of the pharyngeal ring are possible when the fungus candida albicans, under certain conditions, acquires pronounced pathogenic (disease-causing) properties.

Viral infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract in children (symptoms)

Acute respiratory viral infections upper respiratory tract in a child is a large group of viral infections that account for up to 90% of all cases of infectious diseases. In childhood, each child experiences up to 8 acute respiratory viral infections per year. Everyone gets sick with them - some more often, some less often. They get sick more often in winter, since viruses are more active during this period, and less often in summer.

Cause of viral throat infection in children - large group respiratory viruses(more than 200 viruses), they were first discovered in 1892 by the Russian scientist D.I. Ivanovsky. If we compare the sizes of bacteria - pathogens large number infectious diseases with viruses, then one bacterium (streptococcus) contains 1750 particles of the influenza virus. The first symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection in children appear after 2-3 days or after the prodromal period.

Any cell in the body performs a number of functions unique to it. When infected with a virus, a number of problems arise. Thus, when the mucous membrane of the bronchi is damaged, a cough, wheezing in the lungs, and rapid breathing appear.

Respiratory viruses have several dozen types and subtypes. At the same time, immunity, i.e. immunity of the body after an illness develops only to one strictly defined type or subtype of the virus. Therefore, a person has a real opportunity to get ARVI very often.

The widespread spread of respiratory diseases is facilitated by airborne transmission of infection. From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first signs of the disease, very little time passes - from several hours to four days.

The source of infection can be a sick child or adult who releases a large number of viral particles while talking, coughing, or sneezing. However, in external environment viruses die quite quickly. A sick person is most contagious in the first 3 to 8 days of illness (with adenovirus infection- up to 25 days).

In most cases, it is not possible to determine the specific pathogen, and this is not necessary, since the disease is treated the same for any etiology. Based only clinical picture a doctor can assume the presence of a specific infection in several cases: influenza, parainfluenza, adenoviral and respiratory syncytial infections, which are most common in childhood.

Different forms have their own clinical symptoms viral throat infection in children, but they have a lot in common:

catarrhal symptoms(runny nose, cough, redness in the throat, hoarseness, suffocation);
symptoms of intoxication ( elevated temperature, malaise, headache, vomiting, poor appetite, weakness, sweating, unstable mood).

The specific symptoms of ARVI will depend on which part of the respiratory tract the virus caused the most severe inflammatory process: rhinitis - damage to the nasal mucosa, pharyngitis - damage to the pharynx, nasopharyngitis - damage to the nose and pharynx at the same time, laryngitis - larynx, tracheitis - trachea, bronchitis - bronchi, bronchiolitis - damage to the smallest bronchi - bronchioles.

However, the severity of intoxication and the depth of damage to the respiratory tract in different respiratory infections are different.

. Scientists identify three main types of influenza virus - A, B and C. The most fundamental differences are in the ability to change. Thus, the influenza C virus is practically stable. And, having been ill once, a person acquires immunity for almost his entire life. This makes it clear that the extremely rare incidence of influenza C among adults is the lot of children.

Influenza B virus changes moderately, and if influenza C affects only children, then influenza B affects mainly children.

Influenza A- the most insidious, it is he who, constantly changing, causes epidemics.

A distinctive feature of influenza is the acute, sudden onset of the disease with severe symptoms intoxication: high fever, headache, sometimes vomiting, aches throughout the body, redness of the face. Catarrhal symptoms of influenza appear later. The most common symptoms of tracheitis are a dry, painful cough and runny nose.

The symptoms of influenza are mostly similar to the symptoms of other acute respiratory viral infections. However, the tendency of the virus to predominant defeat mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi leads to a more severe course of the disease with influenza than with other acute respiratory viral infections.

Parainfluenza. With parainfluenza (as opposed to influenza), catarrhal symptoms appear from the first hours of illness in the form of a runny nose, a rough “barking” cough, and hoarseness, especially noticeable when a child is crying. Choking may develop - false croup. Symptoms of intoxication with parainfluenza are mild, the temperature does not rise above 37.5 °C.

With adenovirus infection, from the very first days of the disease, profuse mucous or mucopurulent runny nose, wet cough, as well as conjunctivitis, acute tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils) are observed. The submandibular and cervical lymph nodes are enlarged. Manifestations of intoxication, minor at the beginning of the disease, gradually increase with the development of the disease. The disease is characterized by a long (up to 20-30 days), often wave-like course, when after the disappearance of the main symptoms they reappear after 2-5 days.

Respiratory syncytial viruses mainly affect the lower parts of the respiratory tract - the bronchi and smallest bronchioles. The child develops a strong wet cough, expiratory shortness of breath and signs respiratory failure, i.e. obstructive syndrome develops.

Bacterial and viral-bacterial throat infection in children and its symptoms

Bacterial throat infections in children are rare when they develop on their own. primary form. As a rule, it is a complication of an improperly treated viral form of the disease. Important to remember: any respiratory viral infection significantly weakens the defenses child's body. This contributes to the addition of a bacterial infection (staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, etc.) and the development of complications, often purulent in nature. A viral-bacterial infection develops in children, which is why acute respiratory viral infections in children of early and preschool age often accompanied by pneumonia (pneumonia), inflammation of the middle ear (otitis), inflammation paranasal sinuses nose (sinusitis or sinusitis). Moreover, under the influence respiratory infections dormant chronic foci of infection in the child’s body are revived. Chronic tonsillitis worsens, Chronical bronchitis, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, etc. Viral-bacterial infection in a child in early
age can cause delays in physical and mental development.

How does the human body react to the penetration of the virus? Of course, he begins to fight the “invader” first by means of nonspecific immunity - phagocytosis, lysozyme, interferon, complement system, etc., and then by the production of specific antibodies.

Once a virus enters a cell, it actively multiplies and quickly leads to the death and destruction of the cell it has captured. From the disintegrated cell, viruses enter the blood, and there antiviral antibodies are already waiting for them. Consequently, ARVI will last exactly as long as the body needs to synthesize antibodies. The time frame for antibody production is short and lasts 5-10 days. Antibodies neutralize the virus, and the disease ends.

ARVI is a contagious disease. However, as a rule, if a child feels unwell, has a runny nose, a cough, or an increase in body temperature, the mother will not say that her baby has ARVI, she will say unequivocally and with conviction that he has a cold. pay attention to characteristic symptoms viral and bacterial infections in children, as a rule, they are more severe and have a long-term clinical manifestation.

The word “cold” has several meanings - the cooling to which the body has been subjected, and the illness caused by such cooling (colloquial).

Consequently, a cold most often has nothing to do with ARVI. On the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, and bronchi there are a large number of microbes (not viruses, but bacteria), which, when the body's resistance decreases, cause diseases. Hypothermia can contribute to a decrease in a child’s defenses, excessive sweating, barefoot, overweight physical exercise, drafts, cold water. When we talk about ARVI, it means getting infected from an already sick person.

This article has been read 5,536 times.