Liver tumors in children - Traditional methods of cancer treatment. Hepatoblastoma - a malignant liver tumor in children, probable causes, treatment and prognosis Hepatocellular carcinoma in a child

This malignant disease affects 1-4% of children. Most often, the diagnosis is made for babies in the first two years of life. Of course, liver cancer occurs in children and older children, but much less often. There are 2 main types of tumors:

Hepatoblastoma - occurs most often in children under 3 years of age. This type of tumor usually does not spread to other organs. Hepatocellular carcinoma can affect other organs. It occurs in children of any age.

The onset of the disease is not always possible to recognize - the child often cannot explain his complaints, therefore, at the slightest discomfort, you should contact a qualified specialist. There are diseases that increase the risk of developing malignant diseases, therefore, you should be more careful about the health of a child at risk. Risk factors include:

familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
to belong to male sex
omphalocele syndrome, visceromegaly, macroglossia
low birth weight
hepatitis B, C
liver damage as a result of certain diseases (cirrhosis, tyrosinos)

You should know that early diagnosis greatly increases the chances of a cure. Most often, the first sign found is an enlarged liver or the presence of a tumor-like formation in the abdomen, which can be easily felt. The presence of other symptoms is associated with the progression of the disease: loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, 5% of patients develop jaundice, 10% of boys have premature puberty.

The following classification is used today:

Stage 1 - malignant formation is limited to the boundaries of one lobe of the liver
Stage 2 - the tumor crosses the border of the hepatic lobe, but does not extend beyond the median fisure. Metastases may occur in the affected lobe.
Stage 3 - the formation goes beyond the border of the falciform ligament. At the gate of the liver, a single metastasis is observed.
Stage 4 - spread of metastases to other organs

Diagnostics

Ultrasound and computed tomography can determine the localization, prevalence of the process, the stage of the disease
A blood test for AFP (alpha-fetoprotein) is a substance that can be used to determine the effectiveness of the treatment and the possibility of relapse.
Angiography is the most informative method in which pathology of the vasculature, displacement of the aorta, vasodilation, etc. are revealed.
Liver scans can detect lesions larger than 2 cm
Biopsy - serves for morphological verification of the tumor

Liver cancer in children up to the 80s of the last century was treated only surgically. Radical operation and is currently one of the most effective types treatment. However, in case of metastasis, chemotherapy is indicated, both before and after surgery. In addition to affecting metastases, it helps to reduce the size of the formation. With radical surgical treatment and well-chosen adjuvant chemotherapy, child survival is high. In inoperable conditions, long-term chemotherapy is prescribed to reduce the size of the tumor. Not so long ago, preoperative chemotherapy was performed only in inoperable patients; now this technique is used as the standard method.

Observation is essential for all treated patients. Periodic x-rays and tomography, as well as monitoring the AFP level, allow early recognition of a possible relapse of the disease. The prognosis depends on many factors: stage of cancer, type of tumor, presence of metastases, features cancer cells, a decrease in the ACE level after chemotherapy, etc. Today, oncological diseases in children can be successfully treated, but this requires a timely visit to a doctor and timely treatment.

Primary liver tumors constitute a smaller group than metastases from tumors from other organs. Andersen reported 12 cases of primary liver tumors over 16 years from a hospital that treats 5,000 children annually. The largest number of observations - 77 primary tumors in children under 16 years of age - Steiner has.

Liver tumors can occur in children at any age, but a significant number are noted in the first years of life.

Malignant liver tumors in children, as a rule, are rarely in the form of solitary nodules. Wide branching blood vessels and bile ducts promotes rapid seeding of the liver from the primary node.

Hepathogenic cancer, malignant hepatoma, develops from the parenchyma of the liver and is localized in any part of it. There is a more frequent localization in the portal vein.

In the clinical picture of a liver tumor in children, a progressive enlargement of the liver is characteristic, jaundice appears very quickly. From common symptoms weight loss and uncertain stomach symptoms... When the tumor is localized in the portal vein, ascites sometimes develop and lower limbs... On palpation, an enlarged dense liver is well defined, the size of which can reach large sizes. With an increase in the size of the tumor, dull pain and phrenic nerve neuralgia.

On x-ray examination, a significant shadow of the liver is always determined and sometimes an additional oval shadow can be seen that extends downward, more often from right lobe.

The diagnosis of liver tumors in children is based on data clinical examination... A preoperative puncture biopsy can be successfully applied, but in most cases the final diagnosis is made only on time.

In the differential diagnosis, it is necessary to remember about tumors. right kidney, transverse colon, especially in the area of the hepatic flexure, sometimes large retroperitoneal tumors. In these cases, the necessary contrast X-ray examination is used (urography, pneumoperitoneum, bowel examination).

By outward appearance primary liver tumor in children is difficult to distinguish from metastases, since by the time of its detection metastases are already widespread in the liver. Nevertheless, usually the primary tumor is several times larger than metastases and is necrotic in the center. The tumor is granular, hard, dirty white.

At microscopic examination a liver tumor in children consists of distorted strands of atypical hepatic cells, it replaces the liver parenchyma. There are many mitotic figures.

Metastasis occurs primarily in the lungs. Treatment is only surgical. The forecast is hopeless.

Develops from cells biliary tract... It is extremely rare in children. The first symptoms are uncommon for a liver tumor, and sometimes they may be absent in the patient until the tumor becomes inoperable. Jaundice appears on later stages illness.

The clinical picture and differential diagnosis are similar to hepatogenous cancer. Usually the tumor is white, hard, granular. Metastases are extensive, but usually limited to the liver.

The prognosis for liver cancer in children is hopeless.

Mesenchymal hepatoma is a very rare, sometimes malignant tumor. The tumor consists of elements of the hepatic stroma; less often, most of it is reticuloendothelial tissue. By clinical course the tumor most of all resembles a tuberculous process, but is accompanied by metastases to the surrounding tissues.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon Malignant liver tumors make up 1-2% of all childhood tumors.
Boys get sick almost 2 times more often than girls.

Among liver tumors in children, hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular cancer are most often diagnosed. Other very rare cancers include embryonic sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and angiosarcoma.

In Western countries, hepatoblastoma occurs 2 times more often than hepatocellular cancer. Average age children at the time of diagnosis of hepatoblastoma - 1 year. After 5 years, this form of liver tumor is very rare. The average age of detection of hepatocellular cancer is 12 years.
Benign liver tumors are even more rare and are represented by hemangiomas, hamartomas and nodular hyperplasia.

Of the risk factors that increase the likelihood of malignant liver tumors, it should be noted congenital defects development, cirrhosis of the liver, polyposis of the large intestine, helminthic invasions, viral hepatitis B, metabolic disorders, aflatoxins, nitrosamines and some others.

Signs and symptoms of liver tumors

The most common manifestation of liver tumors in children is an increase in the size of the abdomen and a definite induration. Other symptoms include loss of appetite and weight loss. Loose stools or constipation is rare.

Anemia (anemia), fever, vomiting and jaundice usually appear with advanced tumor process, and more often in patients with hepatocellular cancer.

In rare cases, patients with hepatoblastoma have premature puberty due to the production of a hormone by the tumor - human chorionic gonadotropin.

Diagnosis of liver tumors

When palpating the abdomen, one or more tumor nodes in the right hypochondrium can be identified. An expanded venous network in the anterior abdominal wall and ascites (fluid) in the abdomen may indicate damage to the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava.

The most essential laboratory method the diagnosis of malignant liver tumors is the determination of the level of a special protein in the blood - alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Its level is increased in the majority of patients with hepatoblastoma and in 50% of children with hepatocellular cancer.

Increased platelet count (thrombocytosis) peripheral blood is one of the signs of hepatoblastoma.

(taking a piece of the tumor for microscopic examination) using a puncture or during an operation is performed in cases where the data of a comprehensive examination are doubtful.

X-ray chest makes it possible to detect metastatic lesions lung tissue, which occurs in 20% of cases at the time of diagnosis of the main tumor.

X-ray abdominal cavity allows you to identify calcifications (calcifications) in liver tumors and exclude others tumor diseases eg metastases of neuroblastoma.

Ultrasonography (Ultrasound) helps to confirm the origin of the tumor from the liver, to clarify its location and distribution in the organ, to identify the lesion of the hepatic vessels.

CT scan (CT) with contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radioisotope scanning of the liver, angiography ( contrast study vessels) are used to obtain additional information required when planning the volume of the operation.

Determination of the stage (prevalence) of malignant liver tumors

After a comprehensive examination, the stage of the disease is specified, which is important for planning treatment and assessing the prognosis (outcome) of the disease.

Stage I - the tumor is completely removable.

Stage II - after removal of the tumor, individual tumor cells remain.

Stage III - tumor rupture during surgery, the presence of affected lymph nodes or only partial removal of the tumor.

Stage IV - the presence of distant metastases

Treatment of liver tumors

The main treatment for liver tumors is. The prognosis (outcome) of the disease mainly depends on how radically (completely) the tumor is removed.
Surgical intervention in children with hepatocellular cancer is difficult due to the fact that there are usually multiple tumor nodes inside the liver tissue.

Preoperative chemotherapy with vincristine, platinum, adriamycin (doxorubicin), vepezide allows in some cases to reduce the size of hepatoblastoma, which makes it possible to perform complete removal of the tumor in the future.
V postoperative period chemotherapy is given to kill any remaining tumor cells. In patients with hepatocellular cancer, chemotherapy is ineffective.

Radiation therapy can only be used palliatively to relieve pain and reduce the manifestations of jaundice.

Results of treatment of malignant liver tumors

The outcome of the disease depends entirely on the stage of the tumor and the radical nature of the surgery.
So, in patients with hepatoblastoma, the survival rate for 2.5 years at stage I is more than 90%, and in children with stage IV - less than 30%.

In general, taking into account all stages of the disease, the survival rate for 2.5 years in patients with hepatoblastoma is higher than in patients with hepatocellular cancer and amounts to 60% and 15%, respectively.

What happens after treatment ends?

After the completion of the entire treatment program, patients should be under constant medical supervision and undergo examination (chest x-ray, ultrasound, CT, MRI).

An important research method is the determination of the AFP level, on the basis of which it is possible to judge the effectiveness of treatment and the occurrence of a relapse (return) of the disease.

Despite the fact that a liver tumor in children is a rather rare phenomenon, nevertheless, 70% of them are among them. In this series, hepatoblastomas occupy a leading position - they account for 80% of cases of primary malignant neoplasms of the liver.

Disease concept and statistics

According to foreign medical statistics, among the population of Europe and North America Primary liver cancer accounts for just over 1% of childhood cancers and 10% of all other cancers.

Hepatoblastoma is a malignant, poorly differentiated neoplasm of the liver, which has an embryonic origin. That is why it is so often found in infants up to one year old and in babies up to three years old. Cases of detection of hepatoblastomas in children over five years of age are extremely rare.

Developing most often in the tissues of the right lobe of the liver, hepatoblastoma is a dense, capsule-free neoplasm (it can be either single or multiple) of a yellow-white color, resembling a node and capable of producing bile.

Freely growing in the tissue of the affected organ, hepatoblastoma is distinguished by a pronounced lobular structure and the presence of foci of necrosis and hemorrhage.

Hepatoblastoma tissue contains a large number of immature and related to different stages development of hepatocytes, completely unsuitable for performing their inherent functions due to the insufficient development of these cells.

The photo shows hepatoblastoma of the liver

Microscopic analysis of the tissues that make up the basis of hepatoblastomas allows them to be divided into two morphological types:

epithelial;
mixed.

Causes of a malignant tumor

Any exact reasons provoking the development of hepatoblastoma are still unknown to modern medicine. Medical statistics states that hepatoblastoma is often detected in children suffering from hereditary anomalies, endowed with a tendency to malignancy.

These anomalies include:

Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome;
hemihypertrophy (asymmetry of the face and body);
familial adenomatous;
hereditary tyrosinemia (a disease characterized by the defeat of three vital important organs: pancreas, liver and kidneys).

There are frequent cases of a combination of hepatoblastomas with (malignant tumors of the kidneys). Sometimes the impetus for the development of a malignant liver tumor is hepatitis B transmitted by an infant, as well as infection of his body with worm eggs ().

There is an assumption about the existence of a relationship between the likelihood of developing hepatoblastoma and the use of certain oral contraceptives by the expectant mother (even before pregnancy).

Among serious factors risk also includes a pronounced alcohol syndrome fetus and the presence of type I glycogen disease.

Symptoms of hepatoblastoma

For hepatoblastoma of the initial period of development, an asymptomatic course is characteristic. The first manifestations and characteristic clinical picture appear when the disease, progressing, reaches the stage of metastasis.

Specific manifestations of hepatoblastoma include the presence of:

an enlarged, bulging abdomen;
volumetric consolidation, localized in the area of the right hypochondrium;
severe pain syndrome.

Further progression of a malignant liver tumor leads to loss of appetite, some weight loss, increased weakness, general malaise and mild nausea. The presence of dyspeptic disorders, manifested in the development of heartburn, belching, vomiting, stool disorders (in the form of constipation or diarrhea) with hepatoblastoma is extremely rare.

Accession of vomiting, yellowness of the skin, a sharp decline body weight, a persistent increase in body temperature to the level of febrile values is evidence that tumor process reached its final stage.

In very rare cases, when tumor tissues produce a specific hormonal substance - chorionic gonadotropin(called pregnancy hormone), the baby may have early puberty.

Hepatoblastomas belong to the category of fast-growing malignant neoplasms. Given the fact that a number of large arteries and veins pass through the liver. large circle circulation, hepatoblastomas have a high probability of metastasis in the tissue of bones, lungs, brain and abdominal organs. The path of metastasis is hematogenous.

Diagnostics of the liver in children

Diagnostic methods for hepatoblastomas do not differ in specificity. Given the asymptomatic course of the disease, it is very rare to detect hepatoblastoma on early dates its occurrence.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, the detected tumor already has big sizes but, fortunately for the patient, there are no metastases yet.

In modern clinics, a full pathological examination is carried out, with special emphasis on the analysis of liver parameters.

During a physical examination of the baby, a specialist can easily determine the presence of a seal located in the area of the right hypochondrium.
Since it is fraught with the development of severe hemorrhage (hemorrhage), doctors prefer to resort to an early trial laparotomy (an operation that opens access to internal organs through a micro-incision abdominal wall). During the revision of the abdominal cavity for laboratory analyzes take samples of tumor tissue and lymph nodes located close to the hepatoblastoma. Sometimes, during a diagnostic laparotomy, a specialist manages to carry out a complete resection (removal) malignant neoplasm.
and allows you to identify the localization of the neoplasm, the degree of its prevalence, the number of seals (nodes), the presence of lesions that have touched the large blood vessels of the liver.
To clarify the topography of the disease, echography and scintigraphy procedures help.
Chest X-ray is used for detection. According to statistics, by the time a tumor is diagnosed, they are observed in every fifth patient.
It is carried out to identify calcifications in hepatic neoplasms, which make it possible to exclude the presence of other tumor processes.
Developing a plan future operation, the specialist prescribes a whole range of studies:, angiography, scanning of liver tissue (radioisotope),. The data from these studies help to clarify the extent of the required surgery.
If there are certain doubts about the correctness of the diagnosis, a biopsy of tumor tissues is performed. A small sample is collected during surgery or by performing a puncture.
At the stage of differential diagnosis, hepatoblastoma is separated from a number of diseases with similar symptoms (cystic enlargement of the bile duct, etc.).

Surgical therapy

Treatment of hepatoblastoma is radical and provides for the only way - surgical resection of the malignant neoplasm, carried out simultaneously with the lobes of the liver (one or more).

The high regenerative capacity (regenerative potential) of this organ allows it to restore its original size after a certain time.

An operation in which segmental lobe resection is performed is called lobectomy. Surgical intervention aimed at removing one of the halves of the liver is called hemihepatectomy. Depending on which half is to be resected, the operation can be left-sided or right-sided.

Chemotherapy

In particularly difficult cases surgery precede the course. Treatment medications helps to reduce the size of the malignant neoplasm and thereby reduce the amount of future surgical intervention.

Hepatoblastoma, which has shrunk in size, lends itself to a more complete excision. Even if the operation is successful, young patients are prescribed a course of postoperative chemotherapy. Its purpose is to deal with cancer cells that were not removed during the operation.

Other treatments

As a palliative half-measure to alleviate the suffering of operated patients, they use radiation therapy... With its help, specialists manage to stop pain syndrome and reduce the manifestations of jaundice.

With a late diagnosis of hepatoblastoma, which managed to give metastases, the baby is prescribed a long course of antibiotic treatment and chemotherapy. Sometimes a transplant of a healthy organ (transplant) of the liver is advisable.

Staging

The classification of a malignant liver tumor by stages is carried out, taking into account the residual volume of the neoplasm after resection of the affected organ.

Hepatoblastoma, completely removed during surgery and not metastatic, corresponds to the first stage.
The second stage is assigned to hepatoblastoma, which did not have time to metastasize, but did not succumb complete removal during the operation (some of the cancer cells remained in the affected organ).
The third stage corresponds to a tumor that is not completely removed at the macroscopic level and involves pathological process regional lymph nodes. Metastases at this stage are also absent.
The fourth stage is assigned to a disease that has given distant metastases.

Forecast

The prognosis for hepatoblastoma of the liver is directly dependent on the time of its detection and on a number of factors: the age and sex of the patient, the tolerance of his body to the prescribed treatment, the stage of hepatoblastoma at the time of diagnosis, and even the effectiveness of cooperation of the treating specialists.

The three-year survival rate of operated patients (with resection of a neoplasm detected at the first stage of development) is almost 90%. A similar survival rate after removal of hepatoblastoma, detected at the fourth stage of development, sharply decreases and is less than 30%.

Baby, past course treatment, comes under the constant supervision of a number of specialists: a gastroenterologist, an oncologist and a hepatologist, who will periodically refer him for delivery specific analyzes(such as a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein-AFP levels), as well as chest x-rays and ultrasonography organs of the abdominal cavity and liver.

Liver cancer is a very common disease in both children and adults. More than half a million people fall ill with this type of oncology every day. Based on such sad statistics, we can conclude that everyone has a risk of getting sick.

Liver cancer in children occurs due to chaotic cell division, this can be for two reasons: not completely cured or advanced hepatitis and inflammation caused by any infection. The risk group includes children who are faced with the following factors:

Cirrhosis of the liver;
Medicinal hepatitis;
Heart failure;
Gallstones;
Preparations containing steroids;
Close contact with chemicals.

The symptoms and first signs of stage 1 and 2 cancer are no different from other liver diseases. For example, hepatitis can be detected by the same signs:

Frequent, excessive bloating;
Nausea and vomiting;
Diarrhea and constipation;
Decrease and loss of appetite;
Excessive fatigue;
Weight loss;
Sometimes there is chills and fever.

If your child has similar symptoms, you should immediately contact medical institution... Of course, these symptoms can be a sign of another disease, but it must be treated under the supervision of a doctor.

With time malignant tumor grows, blocks the movement of bile into the intestines. In this case, the child develops symptoms of jaundice ().

Later symptoms of liver cancer: yellowing of the mucous membranes and skin, darkening of urine, stool becomes lighter in color. Unfortunately, these signs are also not specific. In the last stage, the symptoms are more pronounced: begins, lung, kidney, pancreas and stomach.

All symptoms are signs of liver cancer of various degrees. If any of them occurs, you should not rely on the fact that everything will pass over time, it is necessary in mandatory consult a doctor.

Kinds

There are two main types of liver cancer: primary and secondary. Primary occurs due to: hepatitis and other infections. Secondary arises in the background oncological diseases other organs: intestines, lungs, kidneys, pancreas and stomach. Metastases occurring in these organs go to the liver. Different kinds liver cancers proceed in different ways.

Primary

Primary liver cancer is much less common than secondary cancer. It can be divided into three subspecies.

Hepatic-cellular is the most common subspecies in primary liver cancer. The main causes of occurrence are hepatitis of various forms;
Hepatoblastomas - childhood cancer liver, in most cases it happens in children;
Angiosarcoma is the most aggressive form of cancer of all of these.

Secondary

Secondary cancer occurs when metastases from other internal organs affected by cancer enter the liver. Complication oncological tumors leads to the fact that metastases enter the liver. Metastases build up in the liver exactly the same structure of tumors as in primary cancer.

Crayfish sigmoid colon with liver metastases. The penetration of metastases into the liver with this type of oncology is the most common, because these two internal organs are located close. Such a complication is extremely difficult, because an additional load is placed on the liver, and it simply may not be able to cope. Quite often, people with such metastases die quickly. Doctors' predictions are rarely reassuring.
Colon cancer similar to neglected form, is also capable of transmitting metastases to other organs and not only the liver. Such oncology can cause cancer of the lung, kidney, pancreas and stomach. But the liver is at the top of the list.
Lung cancer at 3-4 stages is capable of metastasizing to all internal organs and, accordingly, there are: cancer of the intestine, pancreas and other organs. The liver stands in this list in the first place, because it is responsible for cleansing the body and, therefore, passes everything through itself, which is why people fall ill with secondary cancer faster than secondary oncology of other internal organs.
Renal cancer of a certain stage is also capable of transmitting metastases to the following organs: the pancreas and liver.

All internal organs are located close, the blood flow is one, therefore cancer tumor at stages 3 and 4 of one of the organs, it leads to cancer of the liver, intestines, lungs and stomach. The four cases listed above are the most common at present.

Stages

Like many cancers, liver cancer has four stages.

First stage. One tumor forms on the liver, outward signs practically absent. There are some symptoms that many attribute to hepatitis. At such an early stage, tests may not show the presence of a malignant tumor, there is not a great chance of detecting it by ultrasound. In the first stage, cancer can be cured. The chance of a full recovery is very high, modern medicine there are all the means for this.

Second stage. The tumor has penetrated the blood vessels. Several tumors may appear, the total size does not exceed 5 centimeters in diameter. It is quite possible to identify the disease with the help of ultrasound, but the signs can still indicate hepatitis. The prognosis for the child's full recovery is still high.

The third stage has three stages:

The size of the tumor is more than 5 centimeters, it grows into a vein, and soon the blood flow will carry metastases, which will cause cancer of the intestine, lung, pancreas or stomach. It is difficult to predict how much is left until this moment, it all depends on the organism of each individual child.
If this stage is established, therefore, the tumor has reached another organ and in the patient, in addition to liver cancer, also oncology of one of the following internal organs: intestines, lungs, pancreas, stomach or any other than the gallbladder. It is practically impossible to cure this. The forecasts are not very encouraging.
The tumor affected the nearest lymph nodes, metastases spread to other internal organs, possibly secondary cancer of the intestine, lung, pancreas and stomach. Women and girls may also develop ovarian and uterine cancer.

Stage four. Metastases, in addition to the intestines, lungs and stomach, affect everything that is possible: the skin, ribs, sometimes even the spine. The last stage not treated. The patient has only a few months to live, if not days. And there is only one prognosis: an imminent death. How long they live at the fourth stage of cancer is difficult to say, it all depends on the individual qualities of the organism.

Diagnostics

Liver cancer is similar in its symptoms to hepatitis. But doctors are able to identify the correct diagnosis and start treating liver cancer by applying various means modern medicine. Cancer is diagnosed in the following ways:

Blood tests for the presence of tumor markers in it.
Also, tests can reveal the level of AFP, which is released due to the chaotic multiplication of liver cells. Of course, the amount of alpha-fetoprotein can be attributed to hepatitis, but for this there is next remedy in order to establish a true diagnosis.
Ultrasound of the liver. On its basis, the diagnosis is most often established, drugs and means with the help of which one can try to cure oncology. And if the cancer is running, then a verdict is made: how much is left to live. With the help of ultrasound, they also find out: whether there is cancer of the stomach and other organs, whether metastases are threatened.
No less, an even more reliable method with which you can quickly identify oncology is MRI.
Finally a biopsy, with the help of it, you can put the most accurate diagnosis... During this procedure, you can take a piece of the affected organ for research. The biopsy can also reveal cancer of the stomach, spleen, and other internal organs.

Treatment

Liver cancer in children can be cured. Pledge successful treatment the diagnosis is timely. And what earlier swelling discovered, the more chances of successful outcome... For the treatment of liver cancer, it is used as traditional methods and innovative.

Traditional therapy

Chemotherapy for liver cancer. This method is about trying to fight cancer with drugs. It is used not only for the treatment of malignant tumors in the liver, but also for the stomach, lungs and other internal organs. In girls and women, this method is used to treat adnexal cancer.
The next method of treatment is surgical intervention... It is very important in the early stages, it allows you to remove the tumor one hundred percent. What cannot be achieved in other ways.
Radiation therapy, like X-rays, is an old proven method. If it is not possible to completely remove the tumor, it will at least will stop its growth, and reduce in volume. There is one significant drawback. After its implementation, even if successful, life will remain 3-5 years less.

Innovations

All this traditional ways used for many years, in addition to them there are new innovative methods liver cancer treatment. What scientists have not created in their attempts to combat oncology.

Recommended reading:

Laser treatment, with the help of this tool, small tumors are divided;
Injections ethyl alcohol, with the help of this tool, the tumor is completely destroyed;
Cryotherapy. As active agent advocates a liquid nitrogen, the tumor is destroyed by the cold. As a rule, such an action is performed not on an open liver, but under the control of an ultrasound scan or similar equipment;
Innovative medicines, the so-called killers cancers, directly affect the tumor.

What to eat?

Nutrition for liver cancer should be built correctly so as not to overload the already overloaded organ. TO useful products relate.

Freshly squeezed juices;
Fruits and vegetables with an acceptable nitrate content;
Milk products;
Refined oil;
Soy products;
Pasta;
Cereals.

Food for liver cancer should not contain the following foods:

Products containing non-natural additives;
Canned food;
Caffeine;
Soda;
Products containing palm oil;
Fat meat;
Alcohol;
Sugar.

Forecasts

Many people are interested in the question: how long do they live when diagnosed with liver cancer. No doctor will be able to give an unequivocal answer to this question, even after conducting all kinds of research. Each patient has its own characteristics of the body. Plus, in children, the body grows, it is not known how a cancer tumor will behave in such conditions ..

At all stages of the disease, except for the last, using innovative means, remission can be achieved.

And in the first and second stages, you can expect complete recovery... Moreover, in a young child's body more often than in adults, remission occurs. It is because of the totality of all these reasons that it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question of how long they live with liver cancer.

Prophylaxis

For the prevention of liver cancer, three rules must be adhered to.

Protect the child from tobacco smoke;
Limit exposure to chemicals;
See a doctor in time if the child is sick.

Do not self-medicate. The doctor will prescribe a course of treatment and prescribe the right means to be taken. Take care of your child's health from the first days of life. And then he will grow up healthy and happy.