Conception calendar- this is a form in which you just need to enter the number of the first day of the last menstruation, and special program automatically calculates possible days of conception, highlighting them different colors. Using this calendar is very simple and effective.
To understand the effectiveness and main provisions of this program, consider the following factors that were taken as the basis for its construction:
Women have one day of ovulation, when the egg is mature and ready for fertilization. This day is in the middle of the menstrual cycle. In the conception calendar, this day and a couple of days before and after it are highlighted in red and orange.To check the effectiveness of this program, monitor the state of your body during ovulation:
days on which it is almost impossible to get pregnant (if you have a regular menstrual cycle) are highlighted in white on the calendar. These days occur during menstruation and at the end of the cycle.
1. there is an increase in the amount of vaginal discharge;To count the days possible conception and ovulation date right now, you need to enter the specific date of the start of menstruation, and within a few seconds you will get the information you need.
2. sexual desire increases;
3. the temperature in the rectum increases;
4. In the ovulation test it is displayed positive result;
5. appearance of short-term aching pain in the area of the ovaries and uterus;
6. Ultrasound shows signs of the release of an egg from the ovary.
But please note that you cannot rely entirely on these calculations. This happens because the processes in our body can be affected by a change of place of residence, stress and much more.
In addition, ovulation does not occur in every cycle. With this in mind, every woman has cycles that are “infertile.”
Color meaning
The most likely day of ovulation, the best day to conceive.
The probability of conception is 90%.
The probability of conception is 80%.
Your first day of your period.
Ovulation is the phase of the menstrual cycle during which a mature egg is released from the follicle and enters the cavity of the fallopian tubes for fertilization by sperm.
Nature allots only a day for conception, but it is quite difficult to guess exactly on which day of the cycle ovulation will occur, because there are many factors influencing this process: hormonal imbalance, diets, diseases, medications taken, etc.
Today, there are many methods to determine and calculate correctly “day X”, i.e. ovulation. With their help, you can not only find out the favorable day for conception, but also prevent the onset of an unwanted pregnancy.
Methods for calculating the day of ovulation
Calendar method
Everyone has long known that a woman’s menstrual cycle has
clear cyclicity and regularity. Of course, we are talking about healthy and normal periodicity without obvious deviations. If this is your case, then ovulation can be calculated literally in your head, knowing the exact number of days of your cycle. Due to individual characteristics, each woman has her own cycle duration - one has 28 days, the other - 32. In both cases, the values fit into the norm, since they are within 21–35 days. Experts have found that ovulation occurs exactly 14 days before the start of menstruation.If your menstrual cycle is as clear as a clock, then for correct definition“day X” you need to solve a small arithmetic operation:
M – 14 days = O
Where M– the day of the next menstruation, and ABOUT- day of ovulation.
For example, if the date of your next period falls on June 20, then you need to subtract 14 days from this number. As a result, we get June 6th. This date is the day of expected ovulation.
Online calculators are built according to the same computational scheme as the formula described above. To calculate ovulation, you only need to enter certain data about the menstrual cycle, and it can calculate everything else itself.
By basal temperature
Basal temperature (BT) is the lowest body temperature observed after a long night's sleep.
It must be measured immediately after waking up, without getting out of bed, using the rectal method. Using BT you can track the process of temperature change female body depending on the phases of the cycle. During the follicular phase (first), the temperature remains low, ranging from 36.3–36.8˚C. The day before ovulation, the temperature rises, and on “day X” it reaches 37.1–37.3˚C and remains in this position throughout the entire luteal phase (second) until the arrival of menstruation. With the onset of a new cycle, everything repeats itself in a circle.In order for BT indicators to be reliable, it is necessary to follow all measurement rules when calculating and take into account the condition of the body. Any illness, fatigue, taking medications, or drinking alcohol can affect the BT schedule.
By ultrasound
Ultrasound examination can accurately calculate the release of an egg from dominant follicle. With regular monthly cycle An ultrasound is performed 2–3 days before the expected date of ovulation. For irregular cycles – 4–5 days every 2 days.
According to the phenomenon of saliva crystallization
The hormonal balance of a woman is characterized by a certain ratio of hormones in different periods menstrual cycle. In its first part, estrogen predominates, which decreases with the onset of ovulation. The second part is characterized by the predominance of another sex hormone - progesterone.
. Saliva is similar in composition and nature of processes to uterine mucus. During ovulation, the level of salts in saliva increases, which is easily monitored under a microscope. It is these salts that will help you determine and calculate the exact date. Today, special microscope devices are actively sold, appearance similar to lipstick. Just a minute and you yourself can find out your readiness to conceive by examining the patterns of saliva composition through the eyepiece of such a microscope test.Hormonal fluctuations in sex hormones are accompanied by characteristic changes crystallization of saliva. About a week before the onset of ovulation, saliva begins to form blurry accumulations, in which signs of the image of a fern leaf or spruce twig are noted. With the arrival of ovulation, this picture takes on the intensity of crystalline clusters. After three days, the image begins to lose clarity again.
This method gives a 99% guarantee, but only under certain conditions: no inflammatory processes oral cavity, no smoking, no eating 2 hours before the test. For greater reliability of the result, it is better to conduct testing immediately after sleep, even before brushing your teeth.
In addition, using a microscope you can track the general hormonal state body. Intense or diffuse clusters of crystals throughout the entire cycle, monotony of the pattern without visible changes in required deadlines, shift in the timing of ovulation and other suspicious processes - the need to consult a doctor.
Using the test
This is perhaps the most popular way to determine ovulation today. In addition, there are no obstacles to purchasing the test - there are plenty of them in every pharmacy. The principle of operation is similar to a pregnancy test, only to determine ovulation you do not need human chorionic gonadotropin, found in urine, and luteinizing hormone. The same two stripes, as a positive result, should also appear on the ovulation test, one strip – a negative result.The test cannot give a 100% guarantee, since the hormonal “situation” can be influenced by many factors. In addition, two immature follicles can give a positive result at the same time.
According to health and discharge
Some women do not need to turn to auxiliary methods for help to calculate the day of ovulation. Their nature and individual characteristics will themselves show signs of the onset of “Day X”. During ovulation, women may feel short-term
nagging pain in the lower abdomen, swelling of the mammary glands, increased libido and the appearance of specific vaginal discharge. Discharge during the ovulatory period becomes abundant, transparent and viscous, similar in consistency to egg white. During the “tear” test, a string of cervical mucus will stretch between two fingers.
Of course, unusual behavior of the body or nagging pain may indicate a health disorder, but women for whom such phenomena occur from month to month are able to correctly determine where the ovulatory signs are and where there is a violation of the general condition.
As we see, our body itself answers all questions; it is only important for us to learn to correctly recognize its signals and signs. How to count ovulation? The main thing is to be able to calculate your menstrual cycle, and progress will do the rest.
The main task of a woman on Earth is considered to be procreation. Of course, both a woman and a man participate in the process of conception, but will a representative of the fairer sex endure a pregnancy, will she give birth? healthy child- depends only on herself. Ovulation is necessary for fertilization to occur. Ovulation and conception are two interrelated conditions, because in the absence of ovulation, fertilization is impossible. Signs of ovulation are almost always noticed by a woman (consciously or not), so knowing them is necessary not only for planning a long-awaited pregnancy, but also for preventing an unwanted one.
Menstrual cycle and its phases
To define the term “ovulation”, you should understand the concept of “menstrual cycle”.
During the menstrual cycle, functional and structural transformations successively occur in the female body, which affect not only the reproductive system, but also the rest (nervous, endocrine and others).
The formation of the menstrual cycle, which is physiological for female body, begins during puberty. The first menstruation or menarche occurs at the age of 12 - 14 years of girls and draws a line under the first period of puberty. The menstrual cycle is finally established after a year to a year and a half and is characterized by the regularity of menstrual bleeding and a relatively stable duration. During the specified time (1 - 1.5 years), the cycles of a teenage girl are anovulatory, that is, there is no ovulation, and the cycles themselves consist of two phases: follicular and luteal. Anovulation during the formation of a cycle is considered an absolutely normal phenomenon and is associated with insufficient production of hormones necessary for ovulation. By approximately 16 years of age, the menstrual cycle acquires its own individual characteristics, which persist throughout life and regular ovulation appears.
Physiology of the menstrual cycle
The average duration of the menstrual cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days. Duration menstrual bleeding is 3 – 7 days. For most women, the total cycle length is 28 days (75% of the population).
It is customary to divide the menstrual cycle into two phases, the boundary between which is ovulation (in some sources a separate ovulatory phase is distinguished). All changes that occur periodically and are repeated approximately every month in a woman’s body, in particular in reproductive system, aimed at ensuring complete ovulation. If this process does not occur, the cycle is called anovulatory, and the woman is, accordingly, infertile.
Phases of the “female” cycle:
First phase
In the first phase (another name is follicular), the pituitary gland begins to produce follicle-stimulating hormone, under the influence of which the process of proliferation (maturation) of follicles or folliculogenesis starts in the ovaries. At the same time, over the course of one month, about 10–15 follicles begin to actively grow in the ovary (either in the right or in the left), which become proliferating or maturing. The maturing follicles, in turn, synthesize estrogens necessary for the final completion of the process of maturation of the dominant follicle, that is, they are temporary glands. Under the influence of estrogen, the main (dominant) follicle forms a cavity around itself, which is filled with follicular fluid and where the egg “ripens”. As the dominant follicle grows and a cavity forms around it (now called the Graafian vesicle), follicle-stimulating hormone and estrogens accumulate in the follicular fluid. As soon as the process of maturation of the egg is completed, the dominant follicle sends a signal to the pituitary gland, and it stops producing FSH, as a result of which the Graafian vesicle ruptures and a mature, full-fledged egg is released into the “light.”
Second phase
So what is ovulation? The second phase (conventionally) is called ovulatory, that is, the period when the Graafian vesicle ruptures and the egg appears in the free space (in in this case V abdominal cavity, often on the surface of the ovary). Ovulation is the process of direct release of an egg from the ovary. The rupture of the main follicle occurs under the “banner” of luteinizing hormone, which begins to be secreted by the pituitary gland after a signal is given to it by the follicle itself.
Third phase
This phase is called the luteal phase, as it occurs with the participation of luteinizing hormone. As soon as the follicle bursts and “releases” the egg, the granulosa cells of the Graafian vesicle begin to form corpus luteum. During the process of granulosa cell division and formation of the corpus luteum, progesterone begins to be synthesized along with the pituitary gland secreting LH. The corpus luteum and the production of progesterone are designed to preserve the egg in case of fertilization, ensure its implantation into the uterine wall and maintain pregnancy until the placenta is formed. The formation of the placenta is completed by approximately 16 weeks of pregnancy and one of its functions includes the synthesis of progesterone. So, if fertilization has occurred, then the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum of pregnancy, and if the egg does not meet the sperm, then the corpus luteum undergoes reverse changes (involution) by the end of the cycle and disappears. In this case, it is called the corpus luteum of menstruation.
All the described changes affect only the ovaries and are therefore called the ovarian cycle.
Uterine cycle
Speaking about the physiology of the menstrual cycle and the ovulation cycle, it should be noted structural changes, which occur in the uterus under the influence of certain hormones:
Desquamation phase
The first day of the menstrual cycle is considered to be the first day of menstruation. Menstruation is the rejection of the overgrown functional layer of the uterine mucosa, which was ready to receive (implant) a fertilized egg. If fertilization does not occur, then desquamation of the uterine mucosa occurs along with blood - menstrual bleeding.
Regeneration phase
Follows the desquamation phase and is accompanied by restoration of the functional layer with the help of reserve epithelium. This phase begins during bleeding (at the same time the epithelium is rejected and restored) and ends on the 6th day of the cycle.
Proliferation phase
It is characterized by the proliferation of stroma and glands and coincides in time with the follicular phase. With a 28-day cycle, it lasts up to 14 days and ends when the follicle matures and is ready to rupture.
Secretion phase
The secretory phase corresponds to the phase of the corpus luteum. At this stage, thickening and loosening of the functional layer of the uterine mucosa occurs, which is necessary for the successful introduction of a fertilized egg into its thickness (implantation).
Signs of ovulation
Knowing its signs will help determine the day of ovulation, for which you need to pay great attention to your body. Of course, ovulation cannot always be suspected, because its manifestations are very subjective and sometimes go unnoticed by a woman. But changes in hormonal levels that occur every month make it possible to “calculate” and remember the sensations during ovulation and compare them with those that occur again.
Subjective signs
Subjective signs of ovulation include those that the woman herself feels and which only she can tell about. Another name for subjective signs is sensations:
Stomach ache
One of the first signs of ovulation is considered painful sensations lower abdomen. On the eve of follicle rupture, a woman may, but not necessarily, feel a slight tingling in the lower abdomen, usually on the right or left. This indicates a maximally enlarged and tense dominant follicle, which is about to burst. After its rupture, a small wound, a few millimeters in size, remains on the lining of the ovary, which also bothers the woman. This is manifested by minor aching or nagging pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen. Such sensations disappear after a couple of days, but if the pain does not go away or is so acute that it disrupts your usual way of life, you should consult a doctor (ovarian apoplexy is possible).
Mammary gland
There may be pain or increased sensitivity in the mammary glands, which is associated with hormonal changes. The production of FSH stops and the synthesis of LH begins, which is reflected in the chest. It becomes swollen and rough and becomes very sensitive to touch.
Libido
Another characteristic subjective sign of approaching and occurring ovulation is increased libido (sexual desire), which is also due to hormonal changes. It is so predetermined by nature that it ensures procreation - since the egg is ready for fertilization, it means that sexual desire needs to be strengthened to increase the likelihood of sexual intercourse and subsequent pregnancy.
Increased sensations
On the eve and during the period of ovulation, a woman notes an aggravation of all sensations ( increased sensitivity to smells, changes in color perception and taste), which is also explained by hormonal changes. Emotional lability and sudden changes in mood (from irritability to joy, from tears to laughter) cannot be ruled out.
Objective signs
Objective signs (symptoms of ovulation) are those that are seen by the examining person, for example, a doctor:
Cervix
During a gynecological examination during the ovulatory phase, the doctor may note that the cervix has softened somewhat, the cervical canal has opened slightly, and the cervix itself has risen upward.
Edema
Swelling of the extremities, most often the legs, indicates a change in the production of FSH to the production of LH and is visible not only to the woman herself, but also to her relatives and the doctor.
Discharge
During ovulation they change their character and vaginal discharge. If in the first phase of the cycle a woman does not notice spots on her underwear, which is due to a thick plug that clogs the cervical canal and prevents infectious agents from entering the uterine cavity, then during the ovulatory stage the discharge changes. The mucus in the cervical canal dilutes and becomes viscous and viscous, which is necessary to facilitate the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. In appearance, cervical mucus resembles egg white, stretches up to 7–10 cm and leaves noticeable stains on the underwear.
Blood in the discharge
Another characteristic objective, but optional, sign of ovulation. Blood in the discharge appears in very small quantities, so the woman may not notice this symptom. One or two drops of blood enter the fallopian tube, then into the uterus and into the cervical canal after rupture of the dominant follicle. Follicle rupture is always accompanied by damage tunica albuginea ovary and release a small amount of blood into the abdominal cavity.
Basal temperature
This symptom can only be identified by a woman who regularly keeps a basal temperature chart. On the eve of ovulation, a slight (0.1 - 0.2 degrees) drop in temperature occurs, and during the rupture of the follicle and after the temperature rises and remains above 37 degrees.
Ultrasound data
An increase in the size of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture are reliably determined using ultrasound.
After ovulation
Some women, especially those who use the calendar method of birth control, are interested in symptoms after ovulation has occurred. In this way, women calculate “safe” days regarding unwanted pregnancy. These signs are very uncharacteristic and may coincide with early symptoms pregnancy:
Vaginal discharge
As soon as the egg is released from the main follicle and dies (its lifespan is 24, maximum 48 hours), the discharge from the genital tract also changes. Vaginal leucorrhoea loses its transparency, becomes milky, possibly interspersed with small lumps, sticky and does not stretch well (see).
Pain
Within one to two days after ovulation, discomfort and minor pain in the lower abdomen disappear.
Libido
Sexual desire gradually fades away, since now there is no point for sperm to meet with the egg, it has already died.
Basal temperature
If at the moment of rupture of the Graafian vesicle the basal temperature is significantly higher than 37 degrees, then after ovulation it decreases by several tenths of a degree, although it remains above 37 degrees. This sign is unreliable, since even after conception has occurred, the basal temperature will be above 37 degrees. The only difference is that by the end of the second phase (before the start of menstruation), the temperature will drop to 37 degrees or below.
Acne
On the eve and at the moment of ovulation, hormonal changes occur in the body, which affects the condition of the facial skin - appears acne. Once ovulation is complete, the rash gradually disappears.
Ultrasound data
An ultrasound can reveal the dominant follicle that has collapsed due to rupture, a small amount of fluid in the retrouterine space, and the later forming corpus luteum. Ultrasound data are most indicative in the case of dynamic research (maturation of follicles, determination of the dominant follicle and its subsequent rupture).
Signs of conception
Before talking about the signs of pregnancy after ovulation, it is worth understanding the terms “fertilization” and “conception.” Fertilization, that is, the meeting of the egg with the sperm, occurs in fallopian tube, from where the fertilized egg is sent to the uterus. IN uterine cavity the fertilized egg chooses the most comfortable spot and attaches to the uterine wall, that is, it is implanted. After implantation has occurred, a connection is established between the mother’s body and the zygote (future embryo). close connection, which is supported by changes in hormonal levels. The process of securely fixing the zygote in the uterine cavity is called conception. That is, if fertilization has taken place, but implantation has not yet occurred, this is not called pregnancy, and some sources indicate a term such as “biological pregnancy.” Until the zygote is firmly established in the thickness of the endometrium, it can be expelled from the uterus simultaneously with menstrual flow, which is called a very early miscarriage or termination of biological pregnancy.
Signs of conception are very difficult to determine, especially for an inexperienced woman, and appear approximately 10 to 14 days after ovulation:
Basal temperature
At possible pregnancy basal temperature remains high, about 37.5 degrees, and does not decrease before the expected menstruation.
Implantation retraction
If in the second phase of the cycle after ovulation the basal temperature remains elevated (more than 37) almost until the onset of menstruation, then at the moment the zygote implants into the uterine mucosa, it slightly decreases, which is called implantation retraction. Such a drop is characterized by a mark below 37 degrees, and the next day by a sharp jump in temperature (more than 37 and higher than it was after ovulation).
Implantation bleeding
When a fertilized egg tries to settle in the thickness of the uterine mucosa, it somewhat destroys it and damages nearby small vessels. Therefore, the implantation process, but not necessarily, is accompanied by small bloody discharge, which can be noticed in the form of pinkish spots on the underwear, or one or two drops of blood.
Change in well-being
From the moment of implantation, a shift in hormonal levels occurs, which is manifested by lethargy, apathy, possibly irritability and tearfulness, increased appetite, changes in taste and olfactory sensations. Also on early stages Several pregnancies can be noted elevated temperature body, which is associated with the influence of hormones (progesterone) on the thermoregulation center. This phenomenon absolutely normal for pregnancy and is aimed at suppressing the mother’s body’s immunity and preventing miscarriage. Many women take a rise in temperature and deterioration in well-being as the first signs of ARVI.
Discomfort in the lower abdomen
Some discomfort or even cramps in the lower abdomen for one, maximum two days are also associated with the implantation of the zygote and are absolutely physiological.
Mammary gland
Increased sensitivity, swelling and soreness in the mammary glands persists after ovulation. The possibility of conception is indicated by a slight increase in these symptoms.
Delayed menstruation
If menstruation has not started, it’s time to take a pregnancy test and make sure you’re right.
When does ovulation occur and how long does it last?
All women are interested in when ovulation occurs, because this is important for calculation auspicious days for conception or to prevent unwanted pregnancy. As already indicated, the ovulatory period is the time that lasts from the moment the main follicle ruptures until a full-fledged egg enters the fallopian tube, where it has every chance of being fertilized.
It is impossible to determine the exact duration of the ovulatory period, due to the fact that even for a particular woman it can change in each cycle (lengthen or shorten). On average, the entire process takes 16 – 32 hours. It is the process, not the viability of the egg. But the lifespan of a released egg is simpler, and this time is 12 – 48 hours.
But if the lifespan of an egg is quite short, then sperm, on the contrary, remain active for up to 7 days. That is, if sexual intercourse took place on the eve of ovulation (a day or two before), then it is quite possible for the “fresh” egg to be fertilized by sperm that were “waiting” for it in the tube and have not lost their activity at all. It is on this fact that the calendar method of contraception is based, that is, the calculation of dangerous days (3 days before ovulation and 3 days after).
When it comes
A simple calculation will help determine the days of ovulation, but approximately. Ovulation occurs at the end of the first phase of the cycle (follicular). To know on what day a certain woman ovulates, she needs to know the duration of her cycle (we are talking about regular cycles).
The duration of the follicular phase is different for everyone and ranges from 10 to 18 days. But the duration of the second phase is always the same for all women and corresponds to 14 days. To determine ovulation, it is enough to subtract 14 days from the entire length of the menstrual cycle. As a result, it turns out that if the cycle lasts 28 days (minus 14), we get the 14th day of the cycle, which will mean the approximate day the egg is released from the follicle.
Or the cycle lasts 32 days, minus 14 - we get the approximate 18th day of the cycle - the day of ovulation. Why, when talking about such a simple calculation, is it called approximate? Because the menstrual cycle, and especially the ongoing ovulation, are very sensitive processes and depend on many factors. For example, ovulation may occur prematurely (early) or late (late).
The onset of early rupture of the follicle and release of the egg can be triggered by the following factors:
- significant stress;
- lifting weights;
- significant sports loads;
- frequent coitus;
- hazardous production;
- a common cold;
- change in climate, lifestyle or diet;
- excessive smoking or drinking alcohol;
- sleep disturbance;
- hormonal imbalance;
- taking medications.
ABOUT late ovulation they say if it happens (with a 28-day cycle) on the 18th – 20th day. The reasons for this process are the same as the factors that provoke the early rupture of the main follicle.
How to calculate ovulation
All women need to know how to calculate ovulation, especially those who have tried for a long time and unsuccessfully to get pregnant. For this purpose, there are several developed methods for determining ovulation. All methods can be conditionally divided into “biological” and “official”, that is, laboratory and instrumental.
Calendar method
- cycle duration (it should not be too short, for example, 21 days and not very long, 35 days) – optimal duration is 28 – 30 days;
- regularity - ideally, menstruation should come “day after day”, but a deviation of +/- 2 days is allowed;
- the nature of menstrual flow - menstruation should be moderate, without clots and no more than 5 - 6 days, and the nature of the flow should not change from cycle to cycle.
We subtract 14 from the length of the cycle (the length of the luteal phase) and conditionally take the day of ovulation (it can shift). We mark the calculated date on the calendar and add 2 days to 2 days after - these days are also considered favorable for fertilization.
Basal temperature
More reliable method is a method of calculating ovulation using a basal temperature chart. To calculate favorable days for conception, the following conditions must be met:
- measurement of basal, that is, in the rectum, temperature for at least three months;
- drawing up a schedule (this item is required) of basal temperature;
- measurements should be taken in the morning, after a night's sleep, at the same time and without getting out of bed.
According to the compiled schedule, we mark the first phase of the cycle, during which the temperature will remain below 37 degrees, then a pre-ovulatory decrease during the day (by 0.1 - 0.2 degrees), a sharp rise in temperature (by 0.4 - 0.5 degrees) and subsequent temperature stay above 37 degrees (second phase). Sudden jump and will be considered the day the egg leaves the Graafian vesicle. We mark this day on the calendar and also do not forget about 2 days before 2 days after.
Tests to determine ovulation
Special tests for identifying the ovulatory process can be easily purchased at any pharmacy (see). The tests are based on identifying high level luteinizing hormone in any biological fluid(blood, urine or saliva). Positive test indicates the release of a mature egg from the ovary and its readiness for conception.
Gynecological examination
When conducting gynecological examination the doctor can quite reliably identify signs of ovulation using tests functional diagnostics. The first is a method for determining the distensibility of cervical mucus. The forceps captures mucus from the external pharynx of the cervix, and then its branches are separated. If the mucus is viscous and the separation of the jaws reaches 10 cm or more, this is considered one of the symptoms of ovulation. The second is the “pupil method”. Expanding mucus in cervical canal stretches it, including the external pharynx, and it becomes slightly open and round, like a pupil. If the external pharynx is narrowed and there is practically no mucus in it (“dry” neck), then this indicates the absence of ovulation (it has already passed).
Ultrasound – follicle measurement
This method allows you to determine with a 100% guarantee whether ovulation has occurred or not. In addition, using ultrasound folliculometry, you can create your own menstrual cycle schedule and ovulation calendar and find out whether it is approaching or completed. Characteristic ultrasound signs of upcoming ovulation:
- growth of the main follicle plus expansion of the cervical canal;
- identification of the main follicle that is ready to rupture;
- control of the corpus luteum, which forms at the site of the burst follicle, detection of fluid in the retrouterine space, which indicates ovulation has occurred.
Hormonal method
This method is based on determining the amount of estrogen and progesterone in the blood. The latter begins to be released in the second phase of the cycle, when the resulting corpus luteum begins to function. About 7 days after the egg is released from the ovary, progesterone in the blood increases, which confirms that ovulation has occurred. And the day before and on the day of ovulation, estrogen levels decrease significantly. The method is labor-intensive and requires repeated blood donations and finances.
Lack of ovulation
If there is no ovulation, this phenomenon is called anovulation. It is clear that in the absence of ovulation, pregnancy becomes impossible. It should be noted that healthy woman childbearing age is observed up to two or three anovulatory cycles per year, which is considered normal. But if there is no ovulation all the time, then they talk about chronic anovulation and you should look for the reasons this state, since the woman is diagnosed with “Infertility”. Causes of chronic anovulation include:
- thyroid diseases;
- overweight or obesity;
- polycystic ovary disease;
- diabetes;
- lack of weight;
- hyperprolactinemia;
- ovarian dysfunction;
- chronic inflammation of the ovaries;
- endometriosis of the ovaries and uterus (hormonal imbalance in general);
- constant stress;
- excessive physical exercise(sports, household);
- harmful working conditions;
- pathology of the adrenal glands;
- tumors of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus and other pathologies.
The following factors can lead to temporary (transient) anovulation:
- pregnancy, which is natural, no menstrual cycle, no ovulation;
- breastfeeding (most often during lactation there are no menstruation, but there may be, but the cycle is usually anovulatory);
- premenopause (ovarian function is fading, so the cycles will be anovulatory rather than ovulatory);
- taking contraceptive pills;
- stress;
- following a specific diet for weight loss;
- increase in body weight or its sharp decrease;
- change of usual environment;
- climate change;
- change of usual working conditions.
If there is no ovulation, what should you do? First of all, you should consult a doctor who will determine what caused this condition and how serious it is (chronic or temporary anovulation). If anovulation is temporary, the doctor will recommend adjusting your diet, stopping worrying and avoiding stress, changing your job (for example, one involving night shifts to day shifts), and taking vitamins.
In case of chronic anovulation, the gynecologist will definitely prescribe additional examination:
- sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, FSH and LH) and adrenal and thyroid hormones;
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
- colposcopy (according to indications);
- hysteroscopy (according to indications);
- diagnostic laparoscopy.
Depending on the identified cause, appropriate treatment is prescribed, the final stage of which is stimulation of ovulation. Basically, clostilbegit or clomiphene are used to stimulate ovulation, usually in combination with gonadotropic hormones(Menopur, Gonal-F). Ovulation stimulation is carried out within three menstrual cycles, and if there is no effect, the stimulation cycle is repeated after three cycles.
Question answer
Yes, such online calendars are quite suitable for calculating ovulation days, but their effectiveness reaches only 30%, which is based on calendar method determination of ovulation.
Question:
With an irregular cycle, will chronic anovulation necessarily occur?
Yes, irregular cycle It is also more often anovulatory, although this is controversial. Even if your periods “jump” every month, ovulation may occur, but, as a rule, not in the middle of the cycle, but at the beginning or end.
This method is unreliable and has not been scientifically confirmed, but there is a hypothesis that “female” sperm, that is, those that contain the X chromosome, are more tenacious, but slower. Therefore, in order to give birth to a girl, it is necessary to have sexual intercourse two to three days before expected ovulation. It is during this time that the slow X sperm will reach the released egg and fertilize it. If you have sexual intercourse at the peak of ovulation, then the fast “male” sperm will outstrip the female ones and you will have a boy.
I repeat, the method is unreliable. Spermatozoa containing the Y chromosome or “male” are more nimble and mobile, but are very sensitive to acidic environment, which is in the vagina, so sexual intercourse should take place exactly on the day of ovulation, which must be confirmed by ultrasound. “Male” sperm, despite their activity, die very quickly, but if coitus took place on the day of ovulation, their death will not yet occur, and “male” sperm will reach the egg faster than “female” ones and fertilize it.
Question:
I play professional sports. Could this cause a lack of ovulation?
Certainly. Professional sports loads are very significant, which not only leads to persistent anovulation, but also to disruptions in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-ovarian system. Therefore, you have to choose, either professional sports and fame, or the birth of a child.
Ovulation, the date of which you can calculate right now, is the only day in the month when a woman can become pregnant. Many ladies take the opportunity to calculate ovulation online in order to bring the long-awaited motherhood closer. Other women, on the contrary, try to protect themselves from unplanned pregnancy. But, unfortunately, both programs and doctors can make mistakes. And if in the first case, calculating ovulation with a calculator is done more for the sake of interest, then in the second wrong result can lead to very negative consequences. So, you shouldn’t place all your hopes only on this method.
But if you still decide to try, then you should understand what ovulation is, how to calculate it, and what you need to know and be able to do for this.
One of the most popular, accessible and reliable methods is to draw up a chart based on the results of basal temperature measurements. To compile it, you will need to measure your rectal temperature every day for at least 3 months in the morning, while not forgetting to enter all the data obtained into a tablet in order to create a graph later.
The next way is to determine when ovulation occurs using a test, calculate it, or rather, you can clearly see the result without using a calculator or a graph. The test must be done several days in a row. The test strip itself is practically no different from the one used to determine pregnancy, and the technique is also not new. The only difference is in the chemical reactions.
Ovulation, calculate, calculator, all kinds of tests and charts, ultrasound - all these terms and actions - it’s so difficult and expensive. But you can trust your own feelings! When a woman’s body is ready to conceive, it begins to send certain signals. First of all, this affects sexual desire - it becomes noticeably stronger. The amount of vaginal discharge also increases. But the main thing here is not to confuse this natural cyclic process with infectious disease. Some women may feel discomfort in the area of the ovary where the egg has matured. Well, confirming the accuracy of all the above signs, finding out whether ovulation occurred, calculating online, using a calendar - all this is not a problem.
But keep in mind that the only 100% method for calculating this favorable, and for some - dangerous day, is an ultrasound examination.
The female body is a very complex and perfect system. And only lovely ladies are awarded the unique ability to reproduce. The reproductive organs are responsible for this function, and main role ovaries play. It is in them that the egg is formed and grows, which is fertilized. From it the primary embryo is formed.
Ideally, every month a healthy cell emerges from the ovary, from which all the cells of the new organism are formed. But, unfortunately, there are many factors in life that influence this difficult process. Therefore, there are many ways that help you figure out how to calculate the day of ovulation.
Accuracy in counting
Each woman, carrying out complex calculations, pursues completely different goals. Some people dream of adding to their family, while others try to calculate the days on which it is impossible to conceive. Essentially, the “theory” works for both sides. But scientists say that ovulation is a natural process that can hardly be called constant and unchanging. Even for a healthy lady, this phenomenon does not occur every month! There are about 9-10 full cycles per year. In addition, it is sometimes difficult to calculate the exact date of egg maturation due to How to calculate the day of ovulation? It is necessary to take into account the influence of many factors:
- hormonal changes;
- cycle length;
- woman's well-being;
- external factors.
Only A complex approach will allow you to more accurately determine the moment of release of the egg from the ovary.
Reliable contraception
I would like to immediately note that if you intend to use ovulation data to prevent pregnancy, these calculations are not always relevant! lives very briefly, about 24-48 hours, but male sperm can remain “mobile” for up to 5 days. Therefore, sexual intercourse before and after ovulation for 5 days is considered “unprotected” from fertilization.
And there are situations when 2 cells can mature in the ovary at once and this happens, for example, 2 times a month. Be extremely careful when using these calculations. It's worth checking out all of them in detail. existing methods definitions of ovulation that can be applied in practice.
Calendar method
This method of tracking a ripening cell is quite simple and widely used. In order to use it, you need to accurately track it for six months. Exactly from up-to-date information The length of the cycle will depend on the question of how to accurately calculate the day of ovulation. Be sure to write down the dates of bleeding and its duration.
As a rule, it lasts about 14 days for women. And although the number of days in a cycle may vary, ovulation occurs 14 days before the next menstruation. That is, it is worth carrying out a simple calculation: 28 - 14 = 14, where 28 is the estimated duration of menstruation, 14 is the luteal phase, 14 is the day of expected ovulation (counted from the day the next bleeding occurs).
This method is perfect for ladies with “established” regular cycle. However, pay attention to your shortest period. To establish which day begins favorable period for conception, subtract 18 from the “small” cycle. But the last “suitable” day can be found by subtracting 11 from this number. Ovulation occurs on the day that you calculate through constant monitoring of your cycle.
Temperature option
Doctors offer another precise method for tracking mature cells. Measuring basal temperature, you can see a change in the general background in the body. How to calculate the day of ovulation using a thermometer?
The fact is that in the first phase of the cycle in women estrogen predominates, but in the second phase progesterone predominates. These changes can be easily monitored by taking temperature measurements in anus. This should be done every morning without getting out of bed.
However, this method requires regular recording and scheduling. Temperature observations must be recorded daily. As a rule, its indicator in the first phase is 36.5-37 °C, but after ovulation it sharply “jumps” from 37 to 37.5 °C. The day on which changes are observed is the day the egg leaves the follicle.
Natural secretions
You can try to determine the “suitable” day based on the body’s reaction. When a cell leaves the ovary, it changes hormonal background, a thicker and more viscous lubricant appears. It is she who helps the sperm move into the uterus. Record changes in cervical mucus every day. Run your finger along the vaginal wall - and if you observe an elastic, viscous and sticky lubricant, this may indicate that ovulation occurs on the day of the cycle, which corresponds to the beginning of the luteal phase. To make sure the information is up to date, monitor your discharge for several months.
Special tests
If it is unacceptable for you to keep records or measure every day, you can use them. They are special strips or cassettes on which a sensitive reagent is applied. A woman must determine from the calendar approximate period cell maturation and start using the test 3-5 days before ovulation. This method “works” by increasing progesterone in the urine. It is necessary to conduct research twice a day, at the same time. This is what will allow you not to miss the right moment.
The first day of ovulation will be reflected in the test field with two bright red stripes. However, if you use tests, you need to consider some features:
- The best time to explore is from 10 am to 8 pm.
- Morning urine is not used.
- You should not drink a lot 1-3 hours before the test.
- The result on the control field can be assessed within 30 minutes.
How to calculate the day of ovulation, based on the data obtained, in order for conception to occur or for contraception? In fact, any method outlined above may work for you. But remember: no result can be considered 100% correct information. After all, each organism is individual, and there are enough factors that affect hormone levels. If you want not to miss an “important” day, contact your doctor, who may prescribe an ultrasound to check for follicle growth and the onset of ovulation.
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