»What antibiotics. When to take antibiotics for acute respiratory infections and flu

During the cold season, over-the-counter pharmacies will sell antibiotics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs. But not all, but only some of the names. With regard to individual drugs, the Ministry of Health is categorical: they will be sold only by prescription, and doctors should prescribe them only as a last resort.

Medicines (in all dosage forms) containing monopreparation ibuprofen and paracetamol included in the list of funds that can be released without recipe(Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated June 5, 2012 No. 55). The same applies to oral suspensions for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen, etc.

But medications containing combination "paracetamol + ibuprofen"(trade names "Ibuklin", "Ibuzam") in pharmacies will sell Requires a doctor's prescription... This combination is highly toxic to liver and kidney function. Several countries, including Kazakhstan, India and the UK, have already phased out such drugs.

According to the Ministry of Health, 6 cases of acute renal failure, which was caused by the use of the combination "paracetamol + ibuprofen". These medications should only be prescribed after examination and examination by a physician.

Also strictly according to the recipe drugs should be dispensed based on combinations "sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim"(trade names "Biseptol", "Biseptin", "Cotrimoxazole"). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has been formed. As noted by the Ministry of Health, “the use of these drugs for respiratory and urinary tract is an irrational and unsafe».

As an alternative, antibiotics of the penicillin and macrolide groups are currently used (some of them are included in the list of over-the-counter drugs).

Dispensed without a prescription

Antiviral: Arpetol (Arbidol), Rimantadin, Interferon, oxolinic ointment, AngriMax, Anaferon, Kagocel, Virogel, Panavir.

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, paracetamol, Nimesulide; combined drugs: "Negrinpin", "Fapirin S", etc.

Antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin / clavulanic acid, ampicillin.

Medicines affecting immunity:"Ehingin", "Trimunal", "Groprinosin", cycloferon.

P.S. Despite the free sale of many drugs, doctors strongly recommend not to self-medicate, risking your health, but to seek help from specialists.

Olga Artishevskaya

Standard ARI, ARVI develops as a result of viruses entering the body, but often against the background of a weakened immunity, a bacterial infection is attached, in such cases antibiotics for colds are prescribed. With the wrong choice of drugs, you can only aggravate the situation - there will be severe complications, allergies. Be careful.

Antibiotics are used to fight infection

When is antibiotics prescribed for colds?

With a common cold, antibiotics are pointless to take, since the disease is of viral origin, but often respiratory infections complicated by bacterial pathologies - here you cannot do without antibiotics.

When to drink antibiotics for colds:

• 2-3 days after the onset of the disease, the patient's condition does not improve, but only worsens;
• the runny nose intensifies, it is difficult to breathe through the nose, the discharge becomes yellow or green;
• after 4-5 days, acute respiratory infections appear a deep cough with a large amount of sputum;
• the temperature rises sharply to 38 degrees or more.

When the temperature rises sharply, antibiotics are prescribed

Complicated cold - an exception to the rule, immunity healthy person able to cope with viruses in 7-10 days. The risk of developing pneumonia, tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis is great in people whose defenses are weakened. Who is at risk? Small children, elderly people, organ transplant recipients, for a long time take immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, patients with HIV and cancer.

For a healthy adult, colds up to 6 times a year are normal; in children, this figure can reach 10 cases annually. With the timely use of antiviral drugs, recovery occurs within 7-10 days.

List of the best antibiotics for colds

When signs of a bacterial infection appear, a therapist or pediatrician prescribes broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. After receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of microorganisms to the active component of the drug, a drug is prescribed that will act directly on the causative agents of the disease.

To eliminate bacterial complications of colds, antibacterial agents from the group of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides are used. Most drugs are available over the counter without a prescription, but potent medications are best taken as directed by a specialist.

An effective antibacterial drug, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, belongs to the penicillin group. Available in tablets, powder for suspensions and injections. Price - 270-370 rubles.

The drug is prescribed if, against the background of a cold, ENT complications, pneumonia, bronchitis have occurred.

Amoxiclav - antibacterial drug

Contraindications:

• mononucleosis;
• a history of liver disease, cholestatistic jaundice;
• lymphocytic leukemia.

During pregnancy, the medication is prescribed only if the expected therapeutic effect from treatment exceeds possible risks for a woman and a fetus. The drug can cause the development of congenital necrotizing colitis in a newborn.

The duration of therapy is 5-14 days.

Due to the presence of clavulanic acid in the composition, Amoxiclav destroys even those bacterial strains that are immune to amoxicillin.

A cheap antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, produced in capsules, tablets, in the form of a suspension. Price - 80–120 rubles. The medicine helps with otolaryngological bacterial diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Available antibacterial drug Amoxicillin

Contraindications:

• bronchial asthma, diathesis of allergic origin;
• liver dysfunction;
• dysbiosis;
• lactation, pregnancy;
• some forms of leukemia;
• mononucleosis.

The standard dosage is 500 mg every 8 hours. The duration of therapy is 6-10 days.

Powerful yet cheap antibiotic, the package contains only 3 tablets, which is enough for complete recovery... The drug belongs to a separate group of azalides due to some structural features, it is effective against most strains of bacteria. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspension. Price - 120-220 rubles.

Azithromycin is an effective antibiotic

Indications for use:

• tonsillitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, paranasal sinuses;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• otitis media of the middle ear.

The dosage is 500 mg once a day 2 hours after a meal, the medicine should be taken for three days, with angina, the course can be extended to 5 days. Contraindications - heart rhythm disturbance, serious illnesses kidney and liver, lactation period. Pregnant women are sometimes prescribed the drug in a standard dosage, but it should be drunk only under constant medical supervision.

Azithromycin should not be drunk together with Heparin.

Combined universal antibiotic, the composition contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, it is marketed in tablets, in the form of a suspension and powder for injections. Price - 260-370 rubles.

The standard dosage is 250 mg three times a day, with neglected forms pathologies - 500 mg 3 times a day, or 875 mg in the morning and evening. Injections are made every 4-8 hours at 1000 mg, depending on the severity of the pathology. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days.

Augmentin - combined antibiotic

The drug is intended to eliminate the manifestations of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, pathologies of the ENT organs of a bacterial nature. Contraindications - intolerance to the constituents of the drug, jaundice or liver dysfunction in history. For pregnant and lactating women, the drug is prescribed in a standard dosage, treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

Inexpensive but good antibiotic from the group of lincosamides, effective only against gram-positive bacteria, produced in tablets, in the form of a solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection... Price - 110-180 rubles.

The medicine is prescribed for inflammation of the lungs and middle ear, bronchitis, sore throat. Contraindications - severe renal and hepatic pathologies, the period of gestation and breastfeeding.

Lincomycin belongs to the group of lincosamides

Intravenously and intramuscularly appoint 0.6 g three times a day, in difficult cases, the dosage is increased to 2.4 g. The dose for oral administration is 1.5 g per day, it must be divided into 3 doses. Duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Lincomycin should not be taken simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, otherwise breathing may stop.

An effective and gentle antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, contains amoxicillin, available in tablets with in different dosages... Price - 230-480 rubles.

Flemoxin Solutab is an effective and gentle antibiotic

The medicine helps to eliminate bacterial infections in the organs respiratory system, acute otitis media. Contraindications - lymphocytic leukemia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, pregnancy, breastfeeding.

The action of the drug does not depend on food intake, the tablet can be swallowed whole, crushed, dissolved in water.

In severe forms of pathology, the dosage of the drug is not increased, but it must be taken 3 times / day. The duration of treatment is no more than a week.

A strong antibiotic, belongs to the II group of cephalosporins, contains cefuroxime axetil, acts on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, produced in tablets and granules for suspension. Price - 230-400 rubles.

The treatment regimen - 250 mg of the drug in the morning and in the evening, with severe forms of the disease, a single dosage can be increased to 500 mg. The duration of the course is 5-10 days.

Zinnat is a strong bactericidal agent

The medicine helps with infectious diseases upper and lower respiratory tract, sinusitis, otitis media. The drug has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance, it is prescribed with caution to patients with pathologies of the digestive system, kidneys. During pregnancy and breastfeeding the antibiotic can be taken in a standard dosage.

An expensive modern antibiotic, belongs to the third generation cephalosporins, contains cefixime, is produced in capsules, granules for preparing a suspension, Suprax Solutab - tablets for resorption or dissolution in water. Price - 620-820 rubles.

The medicine shows high efficiency in the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillopharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media. The drug is contraindicated in chronic renal failure, a decrease in creatinine clearance to 60 ml / min, the drug should be taken with caution in elderly people with a history of colitis.

Suprax is a modern effective antibiotic

Dosage - 400 mg once a day, or 200 mg in the morning and in the evening, you can drink the medicine regardless of food intake. Duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Cephalosporins are considered the safest antibiotics during pregnancy; Suprax can be taken in a standard dosage. The active substances of the drug penetrate into breast milk, therefore, drinking it is contraindicated during lactation.

Clarithromycin

Effective, one of the most effective antibiotics from the third generation macrolide group, it destroys even those microbes that are in tissue cells, released in capsules and tablets. Price - 320-520 rubles.

The average dose is 250 mg in the morning and in the evening for 6-14 days, in some cases the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg per day.

Clarithromycin is an effective drug for the treatment of influenza and ARVI

Clarithromycin is considered one of the the best drugs to eliminate complications of influenza and ARVI, it is prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, sore throat, bronchitis. Contraindications - lactation, individual intolerance, pregnant women can take the medicine from the second trimester. Clarithromycin has been used successfully to treat chronic forms of tuberculosis.

Antibiotics are often prescribed to children during an epidemic of flu, colds, since complications in a child can occur rapidly, literally in a few hours.

· Tablets - 500 mg / day for three days.

Amoxiclav From birth as a suspension Penicillins three months- 30 mg / kg, it should be divided into 2 doses;

Over three months - 40 mg / kg;

With a weight of more than 40 kg - 375 mg every 8 hours

Amoxicillin From birth in suspension, from 12 years old - tablets and capsules Penicillins · up to two years - 30 mg / kg in 3 divided doses;

· 2–5 years - 125 mg three times a day;

· 5-12 years - 250 mg every 8 hours

Flemoxin Solutab From the first year of life Penicillins · up to one year - 30-60 mg / kg per day, divided into 3 doses;

· 1-3 years - 250 mg twice a day, or 125 mg every 8 hours;

· 3-10 years - 2500 mg three times a day;

· Over 10 years - 500-750 mg in the morning and in the evening.

Zinnat In the form of a suspension from three months, in tablets - from three years Cephalosporins · from three months - 125 mg of suspension twice a day;

Up to three years - 250 mg of suspension 2 times / day;

Over three years old - 125 mg twice a day in tablets, with otitis media single dose the doctor may increase to 250 mg

To identify a bacterial infection in a child, it is enough to make a clinical blood test, when bacteria are damaged, ESR and the number of leukocytes increase, there is an active growth of stab and segmented neutrophils - the more severe the disease, the more the leukocyte formula shifts to the left.

Drinking or injecting an antibiotic - which is better?

With a bacterial infection, the question often arises - to inject or drink antibiotics? Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The injections act faster, penetrate immediately into the bloodstream, pass digestive tract, which reduces the risk of developing dysbiosis. But the injection of drugs is quite painful, especially for children, there is a high probability of infection, the occurrence of abscesses.

It is easy to take tablets, most modern antibacterial agents are enough to take once a day. But they act slowly, because first they must dissolve in the intestines, and only then are they absorbed into the blood.

According to the safety canons, which are accepted in world medicine, the injection method of administering antibiotics for colds is prescribed only in very severe cases, in a hospital.

Antibiotics help eliminate bacterial complications of the flu and colds. The choice of the drug should be thought out, taking into account the age and the presence of chronic diseases.

Infection Medicines

»What antibiotics

Pharmacies banned over-the-counter antibiotics

The Ministry of Health has finally banned self-medication with most antiviral, antimicrobial, heart medications and pressure pills.

- Yes, it's true, antibiotics cannot be bought without a doctor's prescription, like all other prescription drugs... - unanimously assured in several pharmacies, which called "Komsomolskaya Pravda".

- This is not an innovation... - clarified the press service of the Ministry of Health, - p the stop on the approval of the list of non-prescription drugs (the rest, respectively, prescription drugs) came out back in 2010. Just at the end of August, pharmacies were reminded of responsibility for violations. The Ministry of Health has always opposed the practice of self-medication. Modern antibiotics in the entire civilized world, patients are prescribed only by doctors. Prescription drugs are prescribed by doctors because they have side effects, can cause allergic reactions, may be incompatible with each other .

Not only antibiotics, but also biseptol and groseptol were banned from free sale. Some antiviral drugs were also classified as prescription drugs. You won't be able to buy effective (and rather expensive) pills for influenza without visiting a doctor, but remantadine, amizon, and the immunostimulant arbidol are available.

Pain medications like Spazmalgon, No-Spa, Citramone and Aspirin can still be bought without going to the doctor. Stronger ones - only with his permission. Hypertensive patients will also have to visit polyclinics more often - almost everything that reduces blood pressure is now given only by prescription.

Most drugs that help the gastrointestinal tract still do not require a prescription.

You can find out more precisely whether the drug is on the “over-the-counter” list or whether it's time to make an appointment with a doctor by calling or looking at any pharmacy.

"Prescription Viagra, so that the Russians do not take out!"

We went to Minsk pharmacies to check if it was true that antibiotics are not sold just like that.

- Bring the recipe, then let’s go... - We were strictly told in all pharmacies.

And in one, closer to the station, they explained:

- The Russians are buying all the medicines. Buy for future use, several packs. We took antibiotics, pain relievers, several packages of Viagra. It is profitable for them to buy here because of the difference in rates, and foreigners have higher salaries. .

- So Viagra is also a prescription only?- we were surprised.

- Yes. Moreover, a maximum of two packs in one hand. Although I have no idea who will go to the clinic for such a prescription. When they made it according to the recipe, they began to buy noticeably less. Like all prescription drugs. People still need to get used to going to doctors for what they are used to buying just like that. .

Four Viagra tablets (100 mg) cost about 160 thousand rubles in Belarus.

In Smolensk - about 3 thousand Russian rubles. (This is in Belarusian rubles at the rate of the National Bank - 531 thousand, at the black rate - more than 820 thousand.)

The difference is obvious: a drug to improve potency in Belarus would cost a Russian five times cheaper.

After July 1, the Ministry of Health warned, it will be possible to buy antibiotics, hormones, drugs to lower blood pressure, many medicines for heart disease only upon presentation of a prescription. Of course, the people were worried, writes open.by. Concerned about the innovation, young ladies of childbearing age speculated on Internet forums about how much the number of unplanned pregnancies and even abortion due to limited access to hormonal contraceptives. Pensioners clutched at their hearts and doubted whether the doctors would cope - after all, the queues at polyclinics after the innovation will certainly grow.

And the other day the Ministry of Health announced that more than 60% of drugs will be sold without a prescription (by the way, in Europe this figure does not exceed 30%). The remaining 40% will be taken under strict control - this is some hormonal agents, psychotropic, narcotic, antineoplastic and other drugs.

Coincidentally, the Ministry of Health revised its position on the issue of OTC drugs shortly after President Alexander Lukashenko's remarks in the message to the people and parliament. There were complaints from our citizens about the new system of dispensing drugs only by prescription, which is supposed to be introduced in the near future. I ask the Minister of Health and the Prime Minister to deal with these issues, ”said Alexander Lukashenko. - Recently one person in training comes up to me and says: Is it true that the minister will sell contraceptives with a doctor's prescription? How is it for us to go to the clinic to buy this case? ... The President asked not to break the wood and revise the list, which was done very quickly.

The list of non-prescription drugs, according to representatives of the Ministry of Health, was revised due to complaints from patients.

Deputy Head of Organization Department medical care Ministry of Health Lyudmila Zhilevich:

Lists of over-the-counter drugs and prescription drugs have always existed. But over time, some of the drugs that were supposed to be dispensed with a prescription began to be dispensed without a prescription. Therefore, the Ministry of Health made a decision to strengthen control so that all regulations are executed within the framework of the legislation. An attempt to resolve these issues caused a resonance in society ( a large number of patients filed complaints with us), so we had to make a decision to expand the list of over-the-counter drugs. And today a new draft of the OTC list has been prepared.

The list is not yet legally binding, since the Minister of Health has not yet signed the relevant documents.

What can you buy without a prescription?

People suffering from cardiovascular diseases had many questions, in particular, high blood pressure... Many of them have been taking the same drugs for a long time and know how to use them. Therefore, drugs such as enalappril and captopril can be purchased without a prescription. But we will insist that patients seek medical advice. If only because the dose that was prescribed by the doctor earlier may not be effective today.

Antibiotics will also remain over-the-counter. Nevertheless, all over the world antibiotics are a prescription drug and over time, obviously, this will happen with us. Alas, many mothers try to cure their children within 2 days by prescribing high-class antibiotics. And when these kids grow up and come into adult practice, we often have nothing to save them with. What then do mothers complain about? That the child has been coughing for six months. Because the stage went from acute to chronic.

You can buy doxycycline antibiotics over the counter, which are useful for tick bites. (although this drug damages the rudiments of permanent teeth in children - approx. Alexander Barsukov).

Alexander Barsukov, chief freelance clinical pharmacologist Ministry of Health:

In all instructions hormonal drugs it is written that they must be dispensed with a doctor's prescription. Because these drugs have a number of side effects- ranging from allergic reactions, toxic drug-induced hepatitis and ending with thrombosis and hemorrhage in the brain. Before prescribing a drug for the purpose of contraception or for the regulation of reproductive function in women with menstrual irregularities, the doctor assesses the somatic health and decides how to avoid side complications.

Of the total number of over-the-counter contraceptives, 20 drugs will be dispensed - these are low-dose hormonal drugs.

It turns out that doctors do not recommend taking the above drugs without consulting a doctor, but nevertheless, what the doctor did not prescribe will still be sold. At a press conference on April 17, Lyudmila Zhilevich stated that the need to write a prescription for medicines would increase the doctor's responsibility for treatment. Now, according to the deputy head of the medical aid organization department of the Ministry of Health, the patient himself determines how to be treated and is responsible for his own treatment. But when he comes to the doctor and complains about his health, in the end, the attending physician is responsible for everything. Therefore, the list will be reviewed annually.

Since July 1, the Ministry of Health of Belarus has strengthened control over the compliance of pharmacies with the sale of prescription drugs. There are more than three thousand drugs on the list, for which you will no longer need to go to the doctor. Less than two thousand pills will be dispensed strictly by prescription. A list of them can be found in every pharmacy, clinic, hospital and on the website of the Ministry of Health. In addition, there are drugs that used to be dispensed strictly by prescription, but now this is not required.

By the way, almost all vitamins for both adults and children will be dispensed without a doctor's prescription; some anti-allergic drugs (loratadine, cetirizine, ketotifen, promethazine, etc. - without a prescription) will not affect the innovations. With antibiotics, the situation has changed somewhat. For example, antibiotics of the 1st and 2nd generation (for example, amoxicillin, doxycycline) can be purchased without a prescription, but only after presenting a prescription, you will be given sumamed, cephalexin, etc., without a prescription. holosas (medicines used for diseases of the stomach and liver), however, if you need an antimicrobial drug of the type Biseptol, you cannot do without a doctor's prescription in this case.

To this topic Without a doubt, even the "lightest" drug can become a poison for the human body and cause addiction. Quite often, this happens if the medicine is not taken as prescribed by a doctor, but at its own discretion or the advice of friends, experts say. Therefore, before you buy some medicine that supposedly helped your neighbor, take time to visit your doctor. The doctor must treat the patient.

by the way
WHO calls for a reasonable and reasonable intake of antibiotics, which can cause dysbiosis and immunodeficiency. Where almost 15 percent fruitless marriages? This is an illiterate treatment antibiotics of sluggish inflammatory processes, uncontrolled intake of hormonal contraceptives, etc. Therefore, it is physicians who must write prescriptions for medicines.

Remember!
The list of OTC drugs includes atenolol, metaprolol, captopril, lisinopril and enalapril and others, which previously had to be dispensed only by prescription. And also antibiotics of the first and second generation - ampicillin, doxycycline, amoxicillin and others. A group of anti-inflammatory drugs is widely represented - diclofenac, indomethacin, etc. Antimicrobial and hormonal ointments as well as some hormonal drugs.

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Medications containing Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are released freely. Those medicines that contain both of these components are issued strictly according to the prescription.

The Ministry of Health draws attention to the procedure for dispensing medicines during the seasonal rise in respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza in the autumn-winter period.

Medicines in all dosage forms containing a monopreparation Ibuprofen or Paracetamol, are included in the list of medicines sold without a doctor's prescription, tut.by writes. The document was approved by the decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated June 5, 2012 No. 55. The same list includes suspensions for oral administration for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen other.

These medicines are for children of all age groups and can be selected for the child in a form convenient for him, taking into account the age: suppositories and drops - for children under the age of 3 years, syrups and powders for the preparation of solutions - after 3 years.

Antipyretic drugs based on a combination of "paracetamol + ibuprofen" (trade names "Ibuklin", "Ibuzam") are sold by prescription only. This is primarily due to the high toxicity of such drugs in relation to liver and kidney function.

Since 2011, the use of these medicines has been discontinued in a number of countries, including Kazakhstan, India, Great Britain. In the Republic of Belarus, 6 cases of acute renal failure associated with their use were registered. Because of this, the Ministry of Health made a decision on the need to prescribe these drugs only after the examination and examination of the child by a doctor.

Similar prescription measures were established by the Ministry of Health for antimicrobial drugs based on the combination "sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim" (trade names: "Biseptol", "Biseptin", "Co-trimoxazole"). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has been formed.

The use of this group of drugs for diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract is irrational and unsafe. These medications should only be prescribed health worker, which will determine whether their reception will be so effective.

The following medicines are dispensed without a doctor's prescription for the treatment of respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza:

• antiviral drugs: Arpetol (arbidol), Rimantadin, Interferon, Oxolinic ointment, AngriMax, Anaferon, Kagocel, Virogel, Panavir;
• analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide, combined drugs - Negrinpin, Fapirin C and others;
• antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin;
• drugs that affect immunity: Ehingin, Trimunal Groprinosin, Cycloferon.

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, targeted drugs are used that affect the cause of the disease. They inhibit pathogens. This therapy is called etiological. In the fight against flu and colds, the main thing is to choose the right medications... Some people, seeking to recover as soon as possible, begin to drink strong antibiotics for colds at the first symptoms of ARVI. Is it correct?

When to drink antibiotics for colds and flu

In most cases, respiratory diseases are caused by viruses for which antibacterial drugs do not work. Therefore, their reception from the first day of the disease is not justified. Therapy of respiratory diseases with antibiotics is justified if, on the 5-6th day of the flu or cold, a person is consistently feeling unwell. As a rule, these are symptoms of a bacterial infection that provokes the development of purulent tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, pneumonia.

Signs of complications from flu and colds:

• after the onset of ARVI, following an improvement on the 5-6th day, the body temperature rises sharply;
• general health worsens, fever, cough, shortness of breath appear;
• increased pain in the throat, chest area, ears;
• the lymph nodes are enlarged.

When treating colds and flu with antibiotics, never interrupt the treatment if you feel better. People who make this mistake then suffer twice as much. In this case, an improvement in a person's condition does not mean that the disease has passed. A batch of bacteria died under the influence of antibiotics, but another part of them adapts to the drug and begins to attack the weakened organism with renewed vigor. This leads to a new round of the disease with subsequent complications.

What antibiotics are best for a cold

For the treatment of respiratory diseases, bactericidal drugs are taken, aimed at destroying pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics are heavy artillery for fighting colds and flu when there is a risk acute complications... For the treatment of respiratory diseases, three main groups of antibacterial drugs are used:

1. penicillin - ampiox, augmentin, amoxapclav;
2. cephalosporins - cefotaxime, cefpirome, cefazolin;
3. macrolides - roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin.

List of effective antibiotics for adults

For colds of bacterial origin, doctors prescribe antibiotics in extreme cases. Prolonged cough, lingering sore throat, severe fever, persistently high body temperature are warning signs development acute illness... In this case, traditional antiviral drugs, immunostimulants, vitamins and medicinal herbs are powerless. For effective therapy, you need to know which antibiotic is best for an adult with a cold:

• amoxicillin;
• arlet;
• flemoclave;
• rovamycin;
• azithromycin;
• chemomycin;
• suprax;
• cefepime;
• erythromycin;
• levofloxacin.

Good names for children

For therapy bacterial diseases at an early age, antibiotics are used in extreme cases. With pneumonia, acute otitis media, purulent sore throat, resulting from a respiratory illness, the use of such drugs is justified. The form of antibiotics is prescribed depending on the age of the child. For babies - medicines in injections, for older children - in tablets. Babies are not always given injections, it is allowed to open the ampoule and give the child the medicine to drink in the right dosage... Children's antibiotics for colds:

• ampicillin;
• flemoxin solutab;
• moximac;
• avelox;
• augmentin;
• zinnat;
• macrofoam;
• fromilid uno;
• esparoxy;
• alpha normix.

Often, parents mistakenly believe that antibiotic therapy is necessary to successfully treat the flu and common cold in children. This is a misconception about the effect of antibiotics on a child's body. With viral infections in children, the appointment of these drugs is unreasonable even at high temperatures, which persist for a long time.

Antibiotic treatment of children leads to dysbiosis, weakening immune system, anemia. It is advisable to conduct antibiotic therapy for babies only in critical situations. For example, when there is aerobic streptococcal sore throat, acute otitis media, pneumonia, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The use of antibiotics for the treatment of children with colds and flu without complications is justified when:

• pronounced signs reduced body resistance - constant subferbtile body temperature, frequent colds and viral diseases, HIV, oncology, congenital immunity disorders;
• rickets, malformations, lack of weight;
• the child has a history of chronic recurrent otitis media.

Gentle drugs for the treatment of colds in pregnant women

When treating complications of a respiratory disease in a woman in a position or a nursing mother, the effect of an antibiotic on the development of the fetus is taken into account. For treatment, sparing antibacterial drugs are selected. To find the right medicine, the doctor identifies the causative agent of the disease, its resistance to various drugs... If it is impossible to conduct such a study, gentle antibiotics are prescribed for pregnant women:

• ampicillin;
• oxacillin;
• cefazolin;
• erythromycin;
• azithromycin;
• bioparox;
• minocycline;
• oxamp;
• ericcycline;
• ristomycin.

For the treatment of flu and colds in pregnant and lactating mothers, in order to avoid dysbiosis, it is advisable to take drugs in the form of injections. To avoid allergic reactions, use antibacterial therapy combine with antihistamines... Chocolate, citrus fruits, coffee are excluded from the diet of pregnant and lactating women.

List of broad-spectrum antibiotics

In bacterial therapy for the treatment of complications of influenza and colds, drugs are prescribed to suppress groups of pathogens. These drugs are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. They help to cure complications of influenza and acute respiratory infections. Cheap pills are as effective as expensive ones. These types of medicines are available over the counter without a prescription. Before taking, read the instructions and read reviews about antibiotics. A good drug has few side effects. Broad-spectrum antibiotics:

• amosin;
• becampicillin;
• ospamox;
• ecoball;
• zinforo;
• kefselim;
• flamix;
• cefodox;
• klacid;
• oleterin.

What antibiotics for colds are effective for adults, children: list and names

Antibiotics for colds are prescribed by a doctor when the human body cannot cope with the infection on its own.

Usually dangerous signals attack of harmful bacteria is an increase in body temperature to more than 38 ° C, as well as a runny nose, redness of the throat and other symptoms that often accompany a cold: inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, sore throat, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache etc. Antibacterial drugs will help to cope with bacteria, however, only a medical specialist should prescribe them, since uncontrolled self-medication with antibiotics can negatively affect human health.

Treating colds with antibiotics

Antibiotics for colds are necessary as a last resort when the immune system cannot cope with pathogens that attack the human body. At the very first symptoms of a cold, many of us wonder which antibiotic to take, perceiving it as a miracle cure for all diseases. However, this is a deep misconception, since antiviral drugs are shown to be used for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory diseases, and only when the patient's condition has worsened and a bacterial infection is "connected", a properly selected antibiotic will help. Thus, it is unacceptable to drink an antibiotic at the first sign of a cold!

Treatment of colds with antibiotics should be rational, and this requires the consultation of an experienced doctor who will determine the severity of the patient's condition and prescribe the antibacterial drug that will be most effective in a particular case.

The common cold (ARVI) can be considered a rather insidious disease that manifests itself regardless of age, human health, and weather conditions. Acute respiratory illness is one of the most common diseases in the world and lasts an average of a week without complications. Usually, adults get colds on average two to three times a year. Today, doctors have more than two hundred viruses that cause inflammation of the respiratory system. It should be noted that colds are contagious - they can be transmitted by airborne droplets and often affects the bronchi, trachea, and lungs. A viral infection lives longer in mucus than in the air or dry place. In order to start treatment on time, one should objectively assess the patient's condition. The main symptoms of a cold are:

• inflammation of the lymph nodes, which manifests itself in the form of seals on the back of the head, neck, behind the ears, under the lower jaw, when pressed, the patient experiences painful sensations;
• profuse discharge of mucus from the nose (runny nose), nasal congestion, and unusual dryness of the mucous membrane;
• sore throat, dry cough, hoarse voice;
• redness of the eyes and watery eyes;
• an increase in body temperature from 37 to 38.5 ° С;
• upset stomach, nausea and vomiting (if the body is affected by rotavirus).

A cold is never asymptomatic, therefore, at the very first signs of its development, it is necessary to consult a doctor in order to prevent possible complications in time.

To treat an advanced cold, you need accurate diagnosis, which will allow you to choose the optimal medicine, i.e. antibiotic. Each group of antibacterial drugs is designed to treat a specific type of bacteria, so the antibiotic is prescribed depending on the lesions. For example, in case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, it is necessary to choose a drug that effectively fights bacteria that cause inflammation in respiratory organs: for example, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin (i.e. antibiotics of the penicillin group). In various respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, it must be borne in mind that they are caused by bacteria, most of which are highly resistant to penicillin. For this reason, it is best to use Levofloxacin or Avelox to treat this disease. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group (Suprax, Zinnat, Zinacef) will help cure bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and macrolides (Sumamed, Hemomycin) will cope with atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma.

Treating the common cold with antibiotics should depend on which category the disease belongs to. With ARVI, first of all, it is necessary to use antiviral drugs, because they purposefully affect the immune system, strengthening it and helping to cope with viral attack... It is pointless to use antibiotics with such a diagnosis, and this is contraindicated by doctors. The sooner ARVI treatment with an effective antiviral drug begins, the more chances you have to end it sooner. However, if the cold is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics should not be neglected. At the same time, it is very important to pay attention to the state of your own body in time and find out the exact cause of a cold in order to choose the most optimal antibacterial drug. After all, antibiotics should be taken very seriously. they can not only help, but also harm in case of the wrong choice. So, it is necessary to clearly set the boundaries that determine in which cases antibiotics can be prescribed, and in which not. Nowadays, indications for antibiotic therapy are:

• purulent tonsillitis (tonsillitis);
• laryngotracheitis;
• purulent otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear);
• purulent sinusitis (purulent frontal sinusitis or sinusitis);
• purulent lymphadenitis;
• pneumonia, pneumonia.

Antibiotics for pregnant women for colds

Antibiotics for colds, as effective drugs that suppress the growth of pathogens, occur only in cases of complications caused by the development of a bacterial infection in the body. Their use allows you to suppress the growth of not only pathogenic bacteria, but also some fungi, thereby making life easier for a patient with a cold. The dangers of self-medication with antibacterial agents should be kept in mind, especially when it comes to children and pregnant women. In such cases, taking antibiotics should be taken as responsibly as possible, following only the recommendations and competent prescriptions of an experienced doctor.

Antibiotics for pregnant women for colds should be selected based on their effect on the fetus and only in those extreme cases that really require the use of these drugs. In order to choose the most suitable antibiotic for the treatment of a pregnant woman, you first need to determine the causative agent of the disease, as well as identify its sensitivity to one or another drug. If such a study is impossible, broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually prescribed. Penicillin antibiotics (for example, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, etc.), as well as cephalosporins (for example, Cefazolin) and some macrolides (of which Erythromycin and Azithromycin can be isolated) are considered the most harmless to the mother and child. It is these drugs that doctors prefer when prescribing treatment for pregnant women.

The dosage of the antibiotic for a pregnant woman is determined by the doctor, usually it does not differ from the dosage of the drug for the rest. The expectant mother should carefully follow the doctor's recommendations and in no case reduce the dose of the medicine, because this can provoke the opposite effect: in such a situation, the antibiotic will not have such effective action aimed at destroying microbes, and will not be able to fully suppress bacterial infection.

It is imperative to take into account the fact that antibiotics are most effective only in the treatment of infectious diseases of bacterial origin. In other cases, they are not able to have the desired effect and can even harm the body. For example, antibacterial drugs will be powerless when:

• SARS and influenza (in this case, diseases are caused by viruses, for the destruction of which antiviral drugs must be used);
• inflammatory processes (antibiotics are not anti-inflammatory drugs);
• elevated temperature (do not confuse the effect of antibiotics with the effect of antipyretic and analgesic drugs);
• cough in pregnant women in cases where it is caused by a viral infection, an allergic reaction, the development bronchial asthma but not by the action of microorganisms;
• intestinal disorders.

If we consider the question of the effect of antibiotics on the fetus, then, according to the results of numerous medical studies, we can conclude that these drugs do not provoke the development of any congenital defects in the child and do not affect his genetic apparatus. But at the same time, some groups of antibacterial drugs have the so-called. embryotoxic effect, i.e. can lead to dysfunction of the kidneys of the fetus, the formation of teeth, damage the auditory nerve, and also cause a number of other adverse abnormalities.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds have the most adverse effect on the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, therefore, if there is such an opportunity, it is recommended to postpone treatment to the second trimester. However, if there is an urgent need for such treatment, the doctor should prescribe expectant mother antibiotics with the lowest degree of toxicity, and strictly monitor the condition of the pregnant woman.

Antibiotics for colds should be used according to the doctor's recommendations in cases where the patient's condition indicates the development of complications such as tonsillitis, purulent sinusitis, pneumonia. However, first of all, with a cold, you need to use proven folk remedies and drink antiviral drugs, the action of which is aimed at destroying viral infection... You should not resort to antibiotics if the cause of the disease has not been established. It is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons of taking antibacterial drugs, taking into account their side effects and possible complications.

What antibiotics to drink for a cold, only a doctor knows, who will determine the degree and type of complications caused by a cold, and then prescribe an antibiotic of the appropriate group:

• Penicillins (Augmentin, Ampicillin, etc.) have a pronounced bactericidal effect and are effective in the treatment of bacterial infections and severe forms of ENT diseases (tonsillitis, purulent otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, etc.). The action of these antibacterial drugs is aimed at destroying the walls of bacteria, which causes their death. A positive feature of penicillins is their low level of toxicity, so they are widely used in pediatrics.
• Cephalosporins have an active bactericidal effect aimed at destroying the bacterial cell membrane. Usually antibiotics of this group are prescribed for the treatment of pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia and are administered by injection (intravenous or intramuscularly), only Cephalexins are taken orally. They cause fewer allergic reactions than penicillins, but in rare cases, there are still manifestations of allergies, as well as impaired kidney function.
• Macrolides (azalides and ketolides) have an active bacteriostatic effect and are effective in the treatment of SARS. The first macrolide was Erythromycin, which was used by patients with an allergic reaction to penicillins.
• Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, etc.) are used to destroy gram-negative bacteria (mycoplasma, pneumococcus, chlamydia, Escherichia coli). Quickly penetrating into the cell, they infect the microbes that are there. Today they are the most non-toxic antibacterial drugs which do not cause allergies and are safe to use.

To find out what antibiotics to drink for a cold in a particular case, you should consult with medical specialist... For example, for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases in our time, the drug Flemoxin Solutab, containing amoxicillin, is often prescribed. With bronchitis, pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and otitis media, pneumonia and a number of other infectious and inflammatory diseases, the drug Suprax can be prescribed, which must be taken in accordance with the doctor's recommendations, because in the case of uncontrolled treatment of a cold with this drug, there may be adverse reactions in the form of a violation of the intestinal microflora. This can lead to the development of severe diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis. An effective antimicrobial drug is Levomycetin, which is used for infectious diseases. The dosage of the drug and the duration of treatment, as in other cases, must be strictly established by the attending physician.

A good antibiotic for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used if after taking antiviral drugs in the first days of the illness there were no improvements, and especially when the patient's condition worsened: this means that, in addition to viruses, the body was also attacked by bacteria. Such drugs are good "helpers" in ridding the human body of toxins and all kinds of pathogenic microbes, but the choice of antibiotic in one case or another remains with the doctor, because must match the indications and the course specific disease... The fact is that an insufficiently strong antibacterial drug may not fully cope with complications caused by a cold or flu, and a "powerful" antibiotic can harm the body's immune system.

The beginning of the use of antibiotics in medical practice dates back to 1928 and is associated with the name of the Englishman Fleming. It was he who discovered the substance "penicillin", which can lead to the death of many microbes and bacteria, and thereby made a real revolution in medicine, because since then many earlier fatal diseases became curable: scarlet fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. During World War II, antibiotics helped doctors save the lives of millions of injured people. To this day, these faithful "helpers" help doctors fight for the health of many patients.

A good antibiotic for colds is the drug that is selected taking into account the type and course of the disease. Antibiotic treatment must be carried out carefully, having previously consulted with a doctor who will choose the optimal drug from the four main classes of antibiotics of different effects, which have proven to be effective means in the treatment of various complications caused by bacterial infections. These classes include: penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, etc.); macrolides (Azithromycin, etc.): fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, etc.); cephalosporins (Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Suprax, etc.).

Before you start taking any drugs, it is advisable to try to cope with mild cold using techniques and recipes traditional medicine... For example, to do inhalations, foot baths, put on a compress or mustard plasters. It is necessary to increase the amount of fluid consumed, as well as expand the diet with natural vitamins, i.e. fresh fruits and vegetables. At the first sign of a worsening condition with a cold, you should immediately go to the hospital in order to prevent the development of complications. In the case when a bacterial infection has attacked the body, there is a need to urgently "connect" the antibiotic, because in this situation, speech in literally is about saving the patient's life. The patient should understand that only the attending physician can prescribe an antibacterial drug, and at the same time it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage indicated by him, as well as the intervals of administration. Self-medication can pose a significant health hazard to a person.

Antibiotics for colds can have a number of negative consequences, especially when they are selected incorrectly during self-medication. Among these side effects, the most common are allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, dysbiosis, suppression of the immune system.

It should also be remembered that it is not recommended to take an antibiotic for more than 5 days in a row, however, a decrease in the period of antibiotic treatment can lead to the fact that the infection will not be eliminated from the body, and this, in turn, will cause complications in the form malfunctioning of the heart and kidneys. If, after three days, the patient does not feel relief of his condition, it is necessary to ask the doctor to change the drug to another, more effective one. You should also be wary of combining other drugs with antibiotics - in such cases, you need to follow the doctor's recommendations. In no case should you take an antibiotic that has expired!

A good antibiotic for colds will definitely give positive results within three days: the patient will feel an improvement, he will have an appetite, and unpleasant symptoms will disappear.

When treating with antibiotics, it is important to take care of reducing their negative effects on the body. To this end, the doctor should assign probiotics to the patient - drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora and thereby prevent the development of dysbiosis, strengthen the immune system, and have a beneficial effect on work. internal organs, reducing the possibility of side effects and complications.

Antibiotics for colds for children

Antibiotics for colds should be given with extreme caution to children. Such treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician, who should be consulted immediately after the first signs of the disease - the appearance of a runny nose, cough, fever in the child. Usually a temperature above 38.5 ° C indicates that the child's immunity is trying to get rid of the virus on its own, in which case the doctor prescribes antipyretic drugs. If, after 3-5 days, the baby's well-being does not improve, and the temperature is still high, it is recommended to start taking the appropriate antibiotic, but only strictly as prescribed by the pediatrician and with confirmation of the bacterial nature of the disease.

Antibiotics for colds for children are a serious test for a growing body, so they should not be used immediately after the onset of symptoms. If parents believe that taking a "powerful" antibiotic is the only effective method treatment of ARVI or ARI is a deep delusion! The effect of antibacterial agents on a child's body, for no particular reason, can be very negative, and sometimes even destructive. Not to mention the use of antibiotics to treat infants, which in itself is blasphemous. Colds should be treated with antiviral drugs, the result of which usually does not appear immediately, but after 3-5 days. At the same time, the febrile process in children, which is most often caused by viral-type respiratory tract infections, can fluctuate within 3-7 days, and sometimes even more. Do not mistakenly believe that antibiotics are an alternative to antitussive drugs. coughing with a cold is a defensive reaction child's body, which usually goes away last, after the disappearance of the rest of the symptoms of the disease. The question of prescribing antibiotic treatment for a child is decided by experienced pediatrician, who will assess the condition of the baby and only in case of emergency will choose the optimal drug. Parents should carefully follow all the doctor's recommendations, including regarding the route of administration and dosage of the antibacterial drug. It is also important not to stop the child's treatment before the due date.

Some antibiotics for colds for children are strictly prohibited. First of all, these are drugs of the so-called. tetracycline group (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, etc.), which can disrupt the process of formation of tooth enamel in a baby, as well as antibacterial drugs of fluorinated quinolones, which have the ending "-floxacin" in their names (for example, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin), which are negative affect the formation of articular cartilage in a child. In pediatrics, it is also not allowed to take Levomycetin, the action of which is aimed at the development of aplastic anemia (the process of inhibition of hematopoiesis) and can lead to death.

Among the antibacterial drugs used in pediatrics, one can note Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Levofloxacin, Flemoxin Solutab, Moksimak, Zinnat, Avelox, Amoxiclav, etc. The choice of a particular drug depends entirely on experience and professionalism. pediatrician, which should determine which antibiotic will be the best helper and will be beneficial in the treatment of complications after a cold in each case.

So, antibiotics for colds should be used to treat children only in cases of urgent need. This will not lead to the desired recovery, but will only aggravate the situation, because the effect of an antibacterial drug can be destructive to the baby's immunity, which increases the risk of infection returning.

Antibiotic names for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be chosen especially carefully, without resorting to self-medication, but by consulting a doctor who will determine the degree of complications and prescribe the most effective remedy... In addition, when taking antibiotics, you need to follow these recommendations:

• in treatment, only one should be used, the most effective drug from a specific group;
• if after the first intake of the antibiotic after two days the patient's condition has not improved, and the temperature has not decreased, there may be a need to change the drug;
• it is impossible to combine taking an antibiotic with antipyretic drugs, since they "lubricate" its effect;
• the period of antibiotic treatment should be at least 5 days, or even more. It is this duration of treatment that allows the drug to fully cope with the causative agent of the infection;
• at severe course colds and the occurrence of complications of the disease, the patient should be immediately hospitalized in the hospital, and antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

The names of antibiotics for colds (at least a few of them) are useful for everyone to know, because, thus, a person will have at least some idea of ​​the drug that the doctor will prescribe. Antibiotics are traditionally divided into several classes:

• penicillins,
• macrolides,
• fluoroquinolones,
• cephalosporins.

The penicillin class includes the names of antibiotics such as Ampicillin, Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, etc.

The most common names for the macrolide class are Erythromycin, Azithromycin, etc. (such drugs are considered the most powerful in the treatment of bacterial infections). The antibiotics of the fluoroquinolone class include Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and the class of cephalosporins - Axetil, Cefixim (Suprax), Cefuroxime axetil, etc.

The main goal in the treatment of various infectious complications caused by the common cold - rendering the body effective assistance, aimed at the fastest disposal of pathogenic microbes and toxic substances. In order for the treatment to give a quick positive result, it is necessary to do right choice antibiotic, and this can only be done by an experienced doctor.

It should be remembered that antibiotics for colds are not as harmless as it might seem, they can cause a number of side effects, especially if used in the wrong cases. For example, many do not understand or simply do not know that only an antiviral drug can cope with a viral infection of the respiratory tract, and they begin to use antibiotics immediately when symptoms of a cold occur, such as a runny nose, cough, fever. This is a big mistake, because improper use of antibiotics can cause great harm to a person's already weakened immune system. Such drugs are needed only for the treatment of bacterial infections, the development of which can be caused by complications of the common cold. Usually, antibiotics are prescribed if, 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, the patient does not experience an improvement in his condition, or, conversely, it becomes worse.

Amoxiclav for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used purposefully, depending on the patient's condition and the characteristics of the course of the disease. Among the common drugs used in modern medicine, a separate place is occupied by the effective antibacterial drug Amoxiclav. It has established itself as a reliable remedy for the treatment of various complications caused by colds and other adverse factors, such as the occurrence of infections after surgery.

Amoxiclav for colds is successfully used in modern medicine to treat the so-called. "Mixed" infections, as well as to prevent possible infection of the patient during surgery. Mixed type infections are most often caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as anaerobes (including strains), manifested in the form of chronic forms of otitis media, sinusitis and osteomyelitis, cholecystitis, odontogenic infections, aspiration pneumonia, various infections of the abdominal cavity, etc.

Amoxiclav is a combination of two substances: aminopenicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which has a pronounced bactericidal effect. A detailed medical study of the microbiological properties of this drug gives grounds to assert that Amoxiclav, due to the combination of the above active substances, has a depressing effect on the synthesis of bacterial walls and has a stable antibacterial effect on a whole variety of pathogens: Neisseria spp., Streptococcus spp. (various groups), Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter spp., Haemophilus influenzae and many others. dr.

The pharmacokinetic properties of Amoxiclav indicate its pronounced advantages over other penicillins. So, after taking the drug, there is a rapid absorption of components from the gastrointestinal tract, regardless of food intake. The maximum concentration of the drug is reached approximately 45 minutes after ingestion. The main way of removing the drug from the body is its excretion along with urine, feces, and exhaled air.

Amoxiclav for colds, due to its pronounced antimicrobial activity and unique pharmacokinetic properties, is used to treat a number of infectious diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes:

• infections of the respiratory system (in particular, acute and chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, retropharyngeal abscess, pneumonia, etc.);
• otitis media (both acute and chronic);
• infections of the skin, joints, soft tissues and bones;
• infections of the genitourinary system;
• all kinds of gynecological infections.

As for the side effects that occur when taking Amoxiclav, in general, the drug is tolerated by patients normally, without any negative reactions from the body. In percentage terms, only 8-14% of the total number of patients had side effects in the form of gastrointestinal dysfunction (diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting). To avoid such side effects, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of the drug and take it with meals.

Antibiotics for colds are invaluable when there is an urgent need to resist the development of pathogenic microbes and bacterial infections. However, to summarize, it should be noted again that antibiotic intake should be coordinated with a competent medical specialist. This is the only way to achieve high results in the treatment of post-cold complications and to minimize the risk of negative effects of antibacterial agents on human immunity.

Antibiotics for colds and flu: what is best for adults

People with medical education It is known for certain that antibiotics are ineffective for colds and flu, but they are not cheap and harmful.

Moreover, doctors in polyclinics and those who have just graduated from a medical university know this.

However, antibiotics for colds are prescribed, and some patients are advised to take these medicines to prevent infections.

For a common cold, antibiotics are best avoided. The patient must provide:

1. bed rest;
2. plentiful drink;
3. a balanced diet with a high content of vitamins and minerals in food;
4. if necessary, effective antipyretic pills or injections;
5. gargling;
6. inhalation and rinsing of the nose;
7. rubbing and compresses (only in the absence of temperature).

Perhaps, these procedures can limit the treatment of colds. But some patients insist on asking their doctor for a good antibiotic or a cheaper equivalent.

It happens even worse, a sick person, in view of the fact that he has no time to visit the clinic, begins self-medication. The benefit of a pharmacy in big cities today they are found every 200 meters. There is no other civilized state with such open access to medicines as in Russia.

But in fairness, it should be noted that many pharmacies began to dispense broad-spectrum antibiotics only with a doctor's prescription. However, if you wish, you can always pity the pharmacy pharmacist, citing severe discomfort, or find a pharmacy point for which turnover is much more important than people's health.

Therefore, antibiotics for colds can be purchased without a prescription.

When to take antibiotics for acute respiratory infections and flu

In most cases, colds are of viral etiology, and viral infections are not treated with antibiotics. Tablets and injections of a wide spectrum of action are prescribed only in those cases when an infection has arisen in the body weakened by a cold, which cannot be defeated without antibacterial drugs. Such an infection can develop:

• in the nasal cavity;
• in the mouth;
• in the bronchi and trachea;
• in the lungs.

In such a situation, antibiotics for flu and colds are needed.

Laboratory research methods, according to the results of which it is possible to judge the need for taking antibacterial agents, are not always prescribed. Often polyclinics save on sputum and urine crops, explaining their policy by the fact that it is too expensive a pleasure.

The exceptions are swabs taken from the nose and throat with angina on Lefler's stick (the causative agent of diphtheria), selective cultures of urine for diseases of the urinary tract and selective cultures of tonsils, which are taken when chronic tonsillitis.

Inpatients are much more likely to receive laboratory confirmation of a microbial infection. Changes clinical analysis blood tests are indirect signs of bacterial inflammation. Having received the results of the analysis, the doctor can proceed from the following indicators:

1. the number of leukocytes;
2. an increase in segmented and stab leukocytes (shift of the leukocyte formula to the left).

Nevertheless, doctors prescribe antibiotics for colds very often. Here is an illustrative example of this, which is taken from the test results of one child medical institution... Analyzed 420 outpatient cards small patients from 1 to 3 years old. In 80% of cases, doctors diagnosed children with acute respiratory infections, ARVI; acute bronchitis - 16%; otitis media - 3%; pneumonia and other infections - 1%.

For pneumonia and bronchitis, antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 100% of cases, but in 80% it was prescribed for acute respiratory infections and for inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

And this is despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of doctors are well aware that it is unacceptable to use antibiotics without infectious complications.

Why do doctors still prescribe antibiotics for the flu and colds? This happens for a number of reasons:

• reinsurance due to the early age of children;
• administrative settings;
• preventive measures to reduce complications;
• lack of desire to visit assets.

How to determine complications without tests?

The doctor can determine by eye that an infection has joined the cold:

1. the color of the discharge from the nose, ears, eyes, bronchi and pharynx changes from transparent to dull yellow or poisonous green;
2. when a bacterial infection is attached, a repeated rise in temperature is usually observed, this is typical for pneumonia;
3. the patient's urine becomes cloudy, a sediment can be observed in it;
4. v feces pus, mucus, or blood appears.

Complications that may arise after ARVI are determined by the signs below.

• The situation is this: a person had an acute respiratory viral infection or a cold and was already recovering, when suddenly the temperature jumped to 39, coughing intensified, chest pain and shortness of breath appeared - all these manifestations signal that there is a high likelihood of pneumonia.
• If you suspect a sore throat and diphtheria, the temperature rises, pains in the throat intensify, plaque appears on the tonsils, and lymph nodes increase on the neck.
• With otitis media, fluid is released from the ear; when pressing on the tragus, severe pain appears in the ear.
• Signs of sinusitis are manifested as follows - the patient's sense of smell completely disappears; severe pains occur in the forehead, which intensify when the head is tilted; the voice becomes nasal.

What antibiotics to drink for colds?

Many patients ask the therapist this question. Antibiotics for colds should be chosen based on the following factors:

1. localization of infection;
2. the age of the patient (adults and children have their own list of drugs);
3. anamnesis;
4. individual drug tolerance;
5. the state of the immune system.

But in any situation, antibiotics for colds are prescribed only by a doctor.

Sometimes broad-spectrum antibiotics are recommended for use against uncomplicated acute respiratory infections.

Against some blood diseases: aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.

With clear signs of a weakened immunity:

• subfebrile condition;
• colds and viral diseases more than five times a year;
• chronic inflammatory and fungal infections;
• congenital pathologies of the immune system;
• oncological diseases.

Children under 6 months:

1. against infantile rickets;
2. against lack of weight;
3. against various malformations.

• Bacterial sore throat requires treatment with macrolides or penicillins.
• Purulent lymphadenitis is treated with broad-spectrum drugs.
• Acute bronchitis, exacerbation of its chronic form, and laryngotracheitis bronchiectasis will require the appointment of macrolides. But first, it is better to do a chest x-ray, which will rule out pneumonia.
• In acute otitis media, the doctor after otoscopy makes a choice between cephalosporins and macrolides.

Azithromycin - antibiotic for colds and flu

Azithromycin (also called Azimed) is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. The active substance of the drug is directed against the protein synthesis of sensitive microorganisms. Azithromycin is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The peak of the drug's action occurs two to three hours after ingestion.

Azithromycin is rapidly distributed in biological fluids and fabrics. Before you start taking pills, it is better to test for the sensitivity of the microflora that provoked the disease. For adults, Azithromycin should be taken once a day, one hour before a meal or three hours after it.

1. For infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues on the first day of admission, a single dose of 500 mg is prescribed, then the patient takes Azithromycin 250 mg per day for three days.
2. Against acute urinary tract infections, the patient should take three tablets of Azithromycin at once.
3. Against initial stage Lyme disease is also prescribed as a single dose of three tablets.
4. In case of stomach infections caused by Helicobacter pylori, the patient should take three to four tablets once a day for three days.

The form of release of the drug - tablets (capsules), 6 pieces in a package (blister).

Other antibacterial drugs

If the patient does not have an allergic reaction to penicillin, antibiotics for influenza can be prescribed from the semi-synthetic penicillin series (Amoxicillin, Solutab, Flemoxin). In the presence of severe resistant infections, doctors give preference to "protected penicillins", that is, those that consist of Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid, here is their list:

• Solutab.
• Flemoklav.
• Augmentin.
• Ecoclave.
• Amoxiclav.

For angina, this treatment is best.

Names of cephalosporin drugs:

1. Cefixime.
2. Ixim Lupine.
3. Panzef.
4. Suprax.
5. Zinacef.
6. Cefuroxime axetil.
7. Zinnat.
8. Aksetin.
9. Super.

For mycoplasma, chlamydial pneumonia or infectious diseases of the ENT organs, the following medications are prescribed:

• Macropen.
• Azitrox.
• Z factor.
• Hemomycin.
• Zitrolide.
• Zetamax.
• Sumamed.

Should antibiotics be prescribed? It is useless to treat influenza and ARVI with them, therefore this problem rests entirely on the shoulders of the doctor. Only a physician holding a medical history in front of him and the results of the patient's analyzes can give a full account of the advisability of prescribing one or another antibacterial drug.

In addition, inexpensive but effective antiviral drugs can also be used in treatment, which indicates an integrated approach to influenza therapy.

The problem is that most pharmaceutical companies in the pursuit of profit, more and more antibacterial agents are thrown into a wide sales network. But after all most of these drugs for the time being could be in stock.

Antibiotics, flu, colds - what conclusions can be drawn?

So, from all of the above, we can conclude that antibiotics should be prescribed only for bacterial infection. Influenza and colds are 90% viral in origin, therefore, with these diseases, taking antibacterial drugs will not only not be beneficial, but can provoke a number of side effects, for example:

1. decreased immune response of the body;
2. suppression of kidney and liver function;
3. imbalance of intestinal microflora;
4. allergic reactions.

The appointment of these drugs for the prevention of viral and bacterial infections is unacceptable. It is possible to take aggressive medications, which are antibiotics, only in extreme cases, when there are all indications for that.

The main criteria for the effectiveness of treatment with antibacterial drugs include the following changes:

• relief of the general condition of the patient;
• decrease in body temperature;
• the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease.

If this does not happen, then the medicine needs to be replaced with another. To determine the effectiveness of the drug, three days must pass from the beginning of treatment. Uncontrolled reception antibacterial medicines leads to a violation of the resistance of microorganisms.

In other words, the human body begins to get used to antibiotics and each time requires more and more aggressive drugs. In this case, the patient will have to prescribe not one drug, but two or even three.

All you need to know about antibiotics is in the video in this article.

Should I drink antibiotics for colds in children or adults?

Anyone who has received any diploma medical institute, firmly know and remember that antibiotics for colds, acute respiratory viral infections and flu do not help. Doctors in polyclinics and practicing doctors in hospitals also remember this. However, antibiotics are prescribed and often just prophylactically. Because when contacting a doctor with ARVI, the patient requires treatment.

And in cases of colds, acute respiratory viral infection, in addition to the well-known rules - drinking plenty of fluids, bed rest, fortified, limited (dietary) food, medications and folk methods on rinsing the throat, rinsing the nose, inhalations, rubbing with warming ointments - nothing else is required, this is all the treatment of colds is limited. But no, a person is waiting for medicine from the doctor, often just begging for an antibiotic.

Worse, the patient can start taking any antibiotic on their own from experience or someone else's advice. Today it takes a long time to see a doctor, and medicines are very easy to obtain. No civilized country has such open access to medicines as in Russia. Fortunately, most pharmacies today dispense antibiotics by prescription, but there is always a chance to get the drug without a prescription (by pitying the pharmacist or choosing a pharmacy that values ​​its turnover above all else).

As for the treatment of a cold in a child, the situation here is most often clouded by the fact that the pediatrician is simply reinsured, prescribes an effective, good, "children's" antibiotic for colds for prevention, in order to avoid possible complications... If, on time, the child begins to drink abundantly, moisten, ventilate the room, give antipyretics for children at high temperatures, apply well-known remedies for colds and folk methods, the body must cope with most respiratory viral infections.

Why then did the pediatrician prescribe antibiotics? Because complications are possible. Yes, the risk of complications in preschool children is very high. Today, not every mother can boast of strong immunity and the general good health of her child. And the doctor in this case turns out to be guilty, did not notice, did not check, did not appoint. Fear of accusations of incompetence, inattention, the danger of prosecution pushes pediatricians to prescribe an antibiotic for children with colds as a prophylaxis.

It should be remembered that in 90% of cases colds are of viral origin, and viruses are not treated with antibiotics.

Only in cases when the body did not cope with the virus and complications arose, a bacterial infection joined, localized in the oral cavity, nose, bronchi or lungs - only in this case antibiotics are indicated.

Is it possible to understand from the tests that antibiotics are needed?

Laboratory tests confirming the bacterial nature of the infection are not always performed:

• Since sputum and urine cultures are quite expensive today for polyclinics and they are trying to save money on them.
• An exception are smears from the throat and nose with angina on Lefler's stick (the causative agent of diphtheria) and selective cultures of tonsils discharge in chronic tonsillitis or urine with urinary tract pathologies.
• More likely to receive bacteriological confirmation of microbial infection in hospital patients.
• Indirect signs of bacterial inflammation will be changes in the clinical blood test. Here the doctor can orient himself on the rise in ESR, an increase in the number of leukocytes and a shift in the leukocyte formula to the left (an increase in stab and segmented leukocytes).

How do you know from your state of health that complications have arisen?

By eye, the attachment of bacteria can be determined by:

• Changes in the color of the discharge of the nose, pharynx, ear, eyes, bronchi - from transparent it becomes cloudy, yellow or green.
• Against the background of a bacterial infection, as a rule, there is a repeated rise in temperature (for example, with pneumonia, which complicated ARVI).
• With bacterial inflammation in the urinary system, the urine is likely to become cloudy and sediment visible to the eye.
• When intestinal microbes are damaged, mucus, pus or blood appear in the stool.

It is possible to understand that there are complications of ARVI by the following signs:

• If, after the onset of ARVI or a cold, following an improvement on days 5-6, the temperature rises again to 38-39C, a deterioration in health occurs, a cough intensifies, shortness of breath or chest pains appear when breathing and coughing, the risk of pneumonia is high.
• Sore throat intensifies at high temperatures or plaques appear on the tonsils, cervical lymph nodes increase - sore throat or diphtheria must be excluded.
• There is pain in the ear, which increases with pressure on the tragus, or it flows from the ear - probably otitis media.
• Against the background of a runny nose, a pronounced nasal voice appeared, headaches in the forehead or face, which intensify when leaning forward or lying down, the sense of smell has completely disappeared - there are signs of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Many people ask the question what antibiotics to drink for a cold, which antibiotic is better for a cold? If complications arise, then the choice of antibiotic depends on:

• localization of complications
• the age of the child or adult
• patient history
• drug tolerance
• and, of course, antibiotic resistance in the country where the disease occurs.

The appointment should only be carried out by the attending physician.

When antibiotics are not indicated for colds or uncomplicated SARS

• Mucopurulent rhinitis (rhinitis) lasting less than 10-14 days
• Nasopharyngitis
• Viral conjunctivitis
• Viral tonsillitis
• Tracheitis, bronchitis (in some cases, at high temperatures and acute bronchitis, antibacterial drugs are necessary)
• Accession herpes infection(herpes on the lips)
• Laryngitis in children (treatment)

When it is possible to use antibiotics for uncomplicated acute respiratory infections

• With pronounced signs of reduced immunity - constant subfebrile temperature, more than 5 r / year for colds and viral diseases, chronic fungal and inflammatory diseases, HIV, any cancer or congenital disorders immunity
• In a child under 6 months old - rickets in infants (symptoms, treatment), various malformations, with a lack of weight
• Against the background of certain blood diseases (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).

The indications for the appointment of antibiotics are

• Bacterial sore throat (with the simultaneous exclusion of diphtheria by taking swabs from the throat and nose) requires treatment with penicillins or macrolides.
• Purulent lymphadenitis requires broad-spectrum antibiotics, consultation with a surgeon, sometimes a hematologist.
• Laryngotracheitis or acute bronchitis or exacerbation chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis will require macrolides (Macropen), in some cases, a chest x-ray to exclude pneumonia.
• Acute otitis media - the choice between macrolides and cephalosporins is made by an ENT doctor after an otoscopy.
• Pneumonia (see the first signs of pneumonia, treatment of pneumonia in a child) - treatment with semisynthetic penicillins after X-ray confirmation of the diagnosis with mandatory monitoring of the effectiveness of the drug and X-ray control.
• Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis) - the diagnosis is made using X-ray examination and characteristic clinical signs. Treatment is carried out by an otolaryngologist (see signs of sinusitis in adults).

Here is an example of a study carried out on the basis of data from one children's polyclinic, when analyzing data from the medical history and outpatient cards of 420 children 1-3 years old. In 89% of cases, ARVI and ARI were registered in children, acute bronchitis in 16%, otitis media in 3% and only 1% pneumonia and other infections.

And in 80% of cases antibiotics were prescribed only for inflammation of the upper respiratory tract in acute respiratory disease and ARVI, for pneumonia and bronchitis in 100% of cases. Most doctors in theory know about the inadmissibility of using antibacterial agents for colds or viral infections, but for a number of reasons:

• administrative settings
• early age of children
• preventive measures to reduce complications
• unwillingness to go to assets

they are nevertheless prescribed, sometimes in short 5-day courses and with a dose reduction, which is highly undesirable. Also, the spectrum of pathogens of acute respiratory infections in children was not taken into account. In 85-90% of cases, these are viruses, and among bacterial agents, it is pneumococcus in 40%, Haemophilus influenzae in 15%, fungi and staphylococcus in 10%, less often atypical pathogens - chlamydia and mycoplasma.

With the development of complications against the background of the virus, only according to the doctor's prescription, according to the severity of the disease, age, patient's history, the following antibiotics are prescribed:

• Penicillin series - in the absence of allergic reactions to penicillins, it is possible to use semi-synthetic penicillins (Flemoxin solutab, Amoxicillin). With severe resistant infections among penicillin drugs, doctors give preference to "protected penicillins" (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), Amoxiclav, Ekoklav, Augmentin, Flemoklav Solutab. These are first-line drugs for tonsillitis.
• Cephalosporin series - Cefixim (Suprax, Pantsef, Ixim Lupine), Cefuroxime axetil (Zinacef, Super, Aksetin, Zinnat), etc.
• Macrolides - usually prescribed for chlamydial, mycoplasma pneumonia or infections of the upper respiratory tract - Azithromycin (Sumamed, Zetamax, Zitrolide, Hemomycin, Zi-factor, Azitrox), Macropen is the drug of choice for bronchitis.
• Fluoroquinolones - are prescribed in cases of intolerance to other antibiotics, as well as in case of bacterial resistance to penicillin drugs - Levofloxacin (Tavanik, Floracid, Haileflox, Glevo, Fleksid), Moxifloxacin (Avelox, Plevilox, Moximak). Fluoroquinolones are completely prohibited for use in children, since the skeleton has not yet been formed, and also because these are "reserve" drugs that can be useful to a person when he grows up in the treatment of drug-resistant infections.

In general, the problem of choosing an antibiotic for today is a task for a doctor, which he must solve in such a way as to help the patient as much as possible in the present and not harm him in the future. The problem is compounded by the fact that pharmaceutical companies, in pursuit of today's profits, absolutely do not take into account the seriousness of the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and throw out into a wide network those antibacterial novelties that could be in reserve for the time being.

If your doctor has prescribed you an antibacterial drug, you should familiarize yourself with 11 rules How to drink antibiotics correctly.

Main conclusions:

• Antibiotics are indicated for bacterial infections, and 80-90% of colds are of viral origin, so taking them is not only meaningless, but also harmful.
• Antibiotics have serious side effects, such as suppression of liver and kidney function, allergic reactions, they reduce immunity, cause an imbalance of the intestinal microflora and mucous membranes in the body.
• Taking antibiotics as a prophylaxis for complications of viral and bacterial infections is unacceptable. The task of the child's parents is to consult a doctor in time, and a therapist or pediatrician to detect in time a possible deterioration in the well-being of a child or an adult, and only in this case take "heavy artillery" in the form of antibiotics.
• The main criterion for the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy is a decrease in body temperature to 37-38 ° C, relief of the general condition, in the absence of this, the antibiotic should be replaced with another. The effectiveness of the antibiotic is assessed within 72 hours and only after that the drug is changed.
• Frequent and uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the development of resistance of microorganisms, and each time a person will need more and more aggressive drugs, often the simultaneous use of 2 or more antibacterial agents at once.

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. They can be of natural or semi-synthetic origin. They are used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Broad-spectrum antibiotics - list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Their advantage is in a large list of microorganisms that are sensitive to the active substance. But there is also a drawback: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to the suppression of immunity and disruption of normal intestinal microflora.

A list of powerful new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandol.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cefroxitin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoksef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Klacid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fusidin.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

New generation antibiotics are remarkable for a deeper degree of purification active substance... Due to this, the drugs have much lower toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm the body as a whole.

Narrowly targeted bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for cough and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of broad-spectrum drugs. This is due to the fact that the analysis of the separated sputum takes about seven days, and until the causative agent of the infection is precisely identified, a remedy with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is needed.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases, the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is not justified. The point is that the appointment similar drugs effective if the nature of the disease is bacterial. In the case when a virus is the cause of bronchitis, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Frequently used antibiotic drugs for inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Cefuroxime.
4. Ceflocor.
5. Rovamycin.
6. Cefodox.
7. Lendacin.
8. Ceftriaxone.
9. Macropen.

Angina

List of antibiotics for angina:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cefradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Roxithromycin.
14. Josamycin.
15. Tetracycline.
16. Doxycycline.
17. Lidaprim.
18. Biseptol.
19. Bioparox.
20. Ingalipt.
21. Grammidin.

The listed antibiotics are effective against sore throats caused by bacteria, most often - beta-hemolytic streptococci. As for the disease, the causative agents of which are fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. Levorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Colds and flu (ARI, ARVI)

Antibiotics for a common cold are not included in the list of necessary medications, given the rather high toxicity of antibiotic drugs and possible side effects... Treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as fortifying agents is recommended. In any case, you need to get the advice of a therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injection:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macropen.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin solutab.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hikontsil.
8. Amoxil.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Digit.
12. Sporidex.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Wercef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Fool.

Find out: broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics appeared about a hundred years ago. Now antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action are very popular - for colds, such remedies are simply irreplaceable.

The modern world cannot be imagined without antibiotics. They can be bought at any pharmacy and even without a doctor's prescription. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are a real "magic wand" for any disease, as they begin to quickly fight infection in the body and act in a complex manner.

In most cases, antibiotics for acute respiratory infections are simply a necessary thing. In some courses of the disease, the body cannot fully cope with the infection, the disease can be delayed and cause complications. It was at this time that the main defenders of man against bacteria and viruses - antibiotics - come to the rescue.

Why is it necessary to use broad spectrum antibiotics for colds?

The answer is simple: the disease and its complications can cause tens or even hundreds of different bacteria and viruses. They can be different: some cause a cough, others act on the mucous membrane of the throat, and others lead to otitis media and bronchitis. Broad spectrum antibiotics act on the body in a complex way and help to cope with several pathogens at the same time.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed for:

• when there is no time to accurately determine the causative agent of the disease, and the disease progresses (especially in young children);
• if narrow-spectrum antibiotics are not able to cope with the infection;
• if the body is attacked by several types of bacteria at once or secondary infection has occurred against a background of low immunity;
• as a prophylaxis after surgery or taking strong drugs, undergoing radiation or chemotherapy.

In what cases is the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics prescribed for colds

Antibiotics aren't the only cure for colds. Their use must be approved by a doctor. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics is not necessary in the following cases:

• if the cold does not progress, conventional treatment is sufficient;
• if the patient does not have a significant increase in temperature, but only rhinitis and a slight cough is present;
• with minor sore throat that does not cause a severe cough;
• if the sputum when coughing is clear or slightly cloudy;
• with mild forms of herpes, bronchitis, etc.

In such cases, the body is quite capable and will cope with the infection itself. Various herbal decoctions, tablets and syrups without antibiotics, rest and warm drink can help him. But in some cases, refusal from antibiotics can cause complications of the disease, delay in treatment and even death. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds are prescribed:

• if purulent foci appear in the body during the period of illness;
• with angina;
• if the high body temperature lasts for several days, it is difficult to bring it down with ordinary antipyretic drugs;
• when acute otitis media occurs;
• with flu and pneumonia;
• with inflammation of the sinuses;
• with a strong dry cough;
• at wet cough if the sputum turns yellow, green color; clots of pus or blood appear in it.

Antibiotics should also not be abandoned if ESR sharply rises in the blood test, the number of leukocytes increases, and protein appears in the urine. Antibiotics are necessary both for small, weak children, and for people who have a weakened body and often suffer from colds.

Broad spectrum antibiotics for colds

In modern pharmacology, there are a huge number of broad spectrum antibiotics that are used to treat the common cold.

Antibiotics of the penicillin line were discovered by some of the first scientists. Despite the fact that now there are many new generation drugs, penicillins have steadily secured their first place in the treatment of acute respiratory infections in adults. They actively fight the most famous and common infectious agents: streptococci, listeria and staphylococci. Most often, amoxicillin is prescribed for illness. This antibiotic has been used for more than 40 years in the treatment of acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. It has a complex effect on the respiratory system, throat. Therefore, the drug is prescribed for the treatment light form bronchitis, tonsillitis and flu. Also, amoxicillin is necessary if the disease is complicated by a urinary tract infection.

If the infection persists, the disease is prolonged and complicated. purulent abscess, sepsis, then ticarcillin and piperacillin can come to the rescue. It's over strong drugs... They can also act on bacteria and microbes that cause pneumonia and complications of the common cold such as inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis), meningitis, etc.

Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used with caution in young children and pregnant women.

It is quite difficult for these categories of people to cope with the infection on their own, but at the same time, antibiotics cause them some kind of harm. Children and expectant mothers should never self-medicate and use antibiotics at their own discretion. There are a number of mild medications that can help them cope with the infection.

Expectant mothers can safely accept the following antibiotics wide range:

1. Ampicillin, Oxacillin (penicillin group);
2. Cefazolin (a group of cephalosporins);
3. Erythromycin (macrolide group).

Pregnant women need to take any drugs with caution at the beginning of pregnancy, when laying the main organs of the child. Refusal to take antibiotics when serious illness can threaten the transfer of infection to the fetus and even a miscarriage.

Why broad spectrum antibiotics should not be abused

Many doctors are in no hurry to resort to antibiotics for colds if their use is not justified. Indeed, the very name of the drugs implies that they "kill life." With the uncontrolled and excessive use of antibiotics, drugs begin to attack not only pathogenic bacteria and viruses, but also microorganisms that a person needs for normal life.

Frequent use of antibiotics leads to dysbiosis. Together with pathogenic organisms, drugs destroy the microflora of some internal organs. This does not lead to new diseases, but it rather greatly complicates life and reduces the efficiency of the body. Antibiotics can cause some stomach disorders, and after ARVI treatment with antibiotics, most women develop candidiasis or thrush. Therefore, doctors recommend during treatment to consume lactic acid products (yoghurts and kefir) with high content beneficial bacteria.

Frequent use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for colds can cause viruses and bacteria to react to them. Scientists have proven that bacteria and viruses can mutate even in the human body. With long-term use of a certain antibiotic, they develop a kind of immunity to it.

Unfortunately, antibiotics not only protect the human body, but also destroy its immune system. Therefore, after a course of medications, it is necessary to drink vitamins and it is advisable to use natural immunomodulators (fruits, berries, vegetables and legumes) more often.

The immune system protects the body not only from viruses and bacteria, but also from the action of common allergens. Scientists have found that over the past 50 years, the number of allergy sufferers, especially children, has increased several dozen times. This is associated with the frequent use of antibiotics and low performance of the human immune system.

It should be remembered that modern life without antibiotics is very dangerous, with their help all colds are treated. But such medicines are not a panacea, so they need to be used with caution.

Antibiotics for colds: indications and features of use

The term "cold" means a whole group of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which can be characterized by both viral and bacterial origin. As a rule, all diseases have similar symptoms, which in most cases are relatively easy to treat. But at the same time, situations are not excluded in which complications of the common cold develop, which are impossible to get rid of without antibacterial drugs. Almost all people take antibiotics for colds with concern, since they can also cause side effects.

So that the treatment will only benefit the sick body, eliminating accompanying symptoms, it is important to choose and use the right antibacterial drug.

When do you need antibacterial drugs for colds?

If, during the treatment of colds, on the 5th day after the start of taking medications, the patient's condition did not improve, it is worth considering that a bacterial infection may have joined the cold. It is in such situations that the use of antibiotics becomes mandatory. Such therapeutic actions for acute respiratory viral infections and the common cold are very important, since their course can often be complicated by the development of other diseases, such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia.

Also, indications for the use of antibiotics are considered diseases such as purulent tonsillitis, otitis media, purulent sinusitis - sinusitis and frontal sinusitis, pneumonia, inflammation of the lymph nodes with the formation of pus, laryngotracheitis.

The choice of antibiotics for colds should be especially careful, in addition, they must be taken according to the following recommendations:

1. It is advisable to take the drugs by mouth. If the drug is injected intramuscularly or intravenously, infection can be introduced into the bloodstream. In addition, such procedures are very traumatic for the child.
2. It is necessary to adhere to monotherapy using one antibiotic from the selected group of drugs.
3. Only the drug that is effective should be taken. If, after taking it within 48 hours, the patient's condition has not improved, and the body temperature has not decreased, it may be necessary to change the antibiotic.
4. It is forbidden to use antipyretic drugs in parallel, since they hide the effect of the antibiotic.
5. The duration of treatment should be at least 5 days, and more if necessary. During such a period, the vital activity of the pathogen will be suppressed. Also, experts recommend not to interrupt therapy even after the onset of the expected effect, continuing the treatment for another 2 days.
6. With severe course colds and the occurrence of its complications, the patient should be hospitalized, and the use of antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the guidance and supervision of a specialist.

How to choose a drug?

Many patients often face a problem caused by the fact that they do not know what antibiotics to drink for colds. It is important to know that all existing antibiotics are divided into groups, each of which is designed to treat specific bacteria. That is why it is so important to make an accurate diagnosis and then choose the appropriate drug.

Types of cold medications

All antibiotics used for colds are divided into the following groups:

1. Penicillins.
2. Cephalosporins.
3. Macrolides.
4. Fluoroquinolones.

Penicillins by their nature can be natural - benzylpenicillin, or synthetic - oxacillin, ampicillin. Such drugs are effective in fighting bacteria, destroying their walls, which inevitably leads to the death of the pathogenic microorganism. Almost never, when treated with drugs of this group, there are no side effects in the form of allergies or fever. Main feature penicillins are their low toxicity, due to which they can be used in high dosages, and treatment is often carried out for quite a long time. Because of this advantage, such antibiotics for colds for children are very often used in pediatrics.

Cephalosporins are a group of highly active antibacterial drugs. When they penetrate into the focus of infection, the bacterial membrane is destroyed. These funds are used only intramuscularly or intravenously, they are not taken orally with the exception of cephalexin. Occasionally, minor allergic reactions and impaired renal function may occur.

Macrolides were previously widely used in the treatment of those patients who were allergic to penicillin. These drugs are non-toxic and non-allergenic.

Fluoroquinolones are highly active against gram-negative bacteria. In a short time they penetrate into the cell and infect intracellular microbes. These are one of the safest and most non-toxic antibiotics, during the treatment of which there is not even a disturbance in the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Respiratory tract treatment

Respiratory diseases include tracheitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia. All of them, in most cases, are united by two common symptoms - fever and cough. As soon as they arise, you should immediately consult a doctor for the correct treatment. Such actions will avoid many complications.

Among the drugs that are effective in the fight against bacteria that infect Airways, it is worth highlighting Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin. All these antibiotics for colds belong to the penicillin group. Some bacteria that cause respiratory disease can be resistant to penicillin. In such cases, Avelox, Levofloxacin - trifluoroquinolone and fluoroquinolone are prescribed.

Cephalosporins are effective in diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy, and bronchitis. For these purposes, Tsinacef, Zinnat, Supraks are widely used. Atypical pneumonia, the causative agents of which are mycoplasma and chlamydia, can be cured with Chemocin and Sumamed. Each of these drugs is the strongest antibiotic for the common cold.

Treatment of diseases of the ENT organs

The most common diseases of the ENT organs are sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. They can be caused by streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus. In the treatment of such diseases, the following agents are prescribed:

1. Augmentin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin- are used for angina, frontalitis, pharyngitis.
2. Azithromycin, Clarithromycin- the most effective antibiotics for colds, namely for sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media.
3. Ceftriaxone, Cefatoxime- are used in cases where treatment with other antibacterial drugs has not brought any improvement.
4. Morsifloxacin, Lefofloxacin- are used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the ENT organs.

The consequences of taking antibiotics

With the wrong prescription or treatment with antibacterial drugs, many unpleasant consequences... The most common side effects are:

1. Dysbacteriosis. On the mucous membranes and skin of the human body, bacteria are always present that perform protective functions. With the multiplication of pathogens beneficial bacteria don't survive. In this case, the imbalance is disturbed, which is usually manifested by candidiasis and diarrhea.
2. Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. At improper treatment there is a selection of more resistant bacteria that multiply rapidly in the body.
3. Allergic manifestations. Some drugs may cause allergies in patients, which are not always easy to get rid of.

Antibiotics for colds should be prescribed exclusively by the attending physician based on the patient's examination, history and other studies. Antibacterial agents should never be used by patients without
appointment of a specialist.

advice from consultants in Vitebsk pharmacies

September 15, 1928 microbiologist Alexander Fleming isolated penicillin - the first antibiotic in the world. The invention of a talented Englishman revolutionized medicine. In those years, most infectious diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, tuberculosis, gangrene, typhoid fever were considered incurable.

Penicillin helped save millions of lives both in peacetime and during World War II, when the industrial production of the first antibiotic was launched in the United States in 1943. By the way, in the USSR in 1942, the professor first isolated penicillin Zinaida Ermolyeva... The material for obtaining was a colony of molds taken from the wall of a Moscow bomb shelter. The antibiotic helped to heal a huge number of seriously wounded soldiers who suffered from purulent lesions caused by staphylococci and streptococci.

Penicillin can be isolated from such a colony. Source: vistanews.ru

Today, they sell mainly drugs of the penicillin group, obtained synthetically. And to purchase them, you need a doctor. But what if, for some reason, there is no way to see a specialist? Will the antibiotic be sold without a prescription?

They will sell. The list, which are freely sold in the pharmacy network of Belarus, includes amoxicillin, oxacillin, doxycycline, ampicillin... You can get them freely.

We go to the duty room of VITVAR LLC on Moskovsky Prospekt. You can go here at any time of the day, and this is a definite plus: if a cold has taken by the throat late in the evening, when there is no way to see a doctor, then it is better to ask a loved one to go to the nearest "duty room". Amoxicillin-500 of Belarusian production will cost 4 rubles 37 kopecks for ten capsules. Plus, they can still offer a ten percent discount for (only domestic) people with disabilities, pensioners, mothers with many children and those who have children under 3 years old. If you don't trust the Belarusian drug, take Ospamox of the same dosage from the Sandoz company. Higher price: 6 rubles 14 kopecks.

Smiling consultant at Itera-med Ludmila suggests not to get carried away with antibiotics, but at the first manifestations of a cold, take powders with paracetamol or Grippomix containing rimantadine.

Now many are self-medicating., - the pharmacist sighs, - and I am sure that it should be taken only with the permission of a doctor. Especially those like antibiotics. Yes, amoxicillin (the drug costs 4 rubles 30 kopecks and this is the lowest price in town!) I will sell. But if you have the means, get better its analogue - Amoklav-1000 (14 tablets) from "Farmland" for 14 rubles 26 kopecks... It is believed that when taking this tool about 96% of amoxicillin, which is part of it, is absorbed. And this will not affect the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

I will also give you advice: please do not overuse various painkillers like citramone and analgin, do not mindlessly drink aspirin, trying to bring down the temperature in case of a cold. You will only get stomach ulcers.

There are many antibiotics in the pharmacy chain. Photo by Evgeny Moskvin

There are also discounts at Itera-Med - 5% for pensioners and those who buy medicines for children under 3 years of age.

Domestic amoxicillin will be more expensive in the Pharmacy chain: 4 rubles 77 kopecks per pack of 10 capsules. Slightly more expensive is amoxicillin in the "Planet of Health": 4 rubles 79 kopecks. it is recommended to pay attention to its British counterpart Clavomed, which, due to its composition (amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid), is better absorbed by the body. For 10 tablets you will have to lay out 19 rubles 95 kopecks.

In the Energopharm pharmacy, amoxicillin costs 4 rubles 72 kopecks... Pharmacist Olga explains that the cheapest antibiotic is ampicillin at a dosage of 250 mg. Give for 20 tablets 1 ruble 79 kopecks... It is necessary to take medication for 5-7 days, two tablets 4 times a day.

I understand that there are times when it is impossible to call a doctor and get the desired prescription,- says Olga, - then amoxicillin will help out. Let's say a person came to Belarus from another country and contracted a bacterial infection. And on weekends and holidays you don't run into doctors. Although, on the other hand, one cannot do without a correct diagnosis. And if you are overtaken by a disease caused by a virus, the same flu? The antibiotic will be useless against it. Just waste your money.

Let's take a look at the ADEL pharmacy. Here amoxicillin is the most expensive in the city: 4 rubles 86 kopecks... Pharmacist Lyudmila explains that the medicine must be taken in combination: it is also necessary to take probiotics and hepatoprotectors (agents that protect the liver and gastrointestinal tract). So the therapy is expensive! Get ready to fork out.

I think it makes sense to use an antibiotic for colds without a doctor's prescription when other drugs no longer work. Somewhere on the 3-4th day of illness. True, it is impossible to understand that your disease is caused by the same streptococci or staphylococci without tests. So self-medication is always risky., - the girl explains.

Nevertheless, the best way out is to establish quality in all districts of the city.

In an emergency, an antibiotic can be purchased at the pharmacy on duty. Photo by Evgeny Moskvin

On dispensing medicines during the seasonal rise in respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza in the autumn-winter period

On dispensing medicines During the seasonal rise in respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza in the autumn-winter period, the Ministry of Health considers it necessary to draw the attention of doctors and pharmaceutical workers to the following.

Medicines (in all dosage forms) containing the monopreparation Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are included in the list of medicines sold without a doctor's prescription approved by the Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus No. 55 dated June 5, 2012. Including suspensions for oral administration for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen for children, etc.

These medicines are intended for use in children of all age groups and can be selected for the child in a form convenient for him, taking into account the age: suppositories and drops - for children under the age of 3 years, syrups and powders for the preparation of solutions - after 3 years.

The release of antipyretic drugs based on the combination of "paracetamol + ibuprofen" (trade names "Ibuclin", "Ibuzam") is made according to the doctor's prescription. This is primarily due to the high toxicity of this combination in relation to liver and kidney function. Since 2011, the use of these combinations has been discontinued in a number of countries (including Kazakhstan, India, Great Britain and a number of others). In the Republic of Belarus, there were 6 cases of acute renal failure associated with the use of these combinations. In this regard, the Ministry of Health made a decision on the need to prescribe these funds only after the examination and examination of the child by a doctor.

Similar prescription measures were established by the Ministry of Health for antimicrobial drugs based on the combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (trade names: Biseptol, Biseptin, Co-trimoxazole). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has been formed. The use of this group of drugs for diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract is irrational and unsafe. With considering antibacterial activity of this drug, as well as the level of microbiological resistance, the appointment should be made only by a medical professional if it is suspected that the patient has a pathogen that is sensitive to this combination (indications for use are currently limited), and also taking into account the existing contraindications for use. Currently, the treatment of infections of the respiratory and urinary tract is carried out by other groups of antibacterial agents (antibiotics of the group of penicillins, macrolides), a number of which are included in the list of non-prescription drugs.

At the same time, we remind you that the following medicines are dispensed without a doctor's prescription for the treatment of respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza.

1. Antiviral drugs: Arpetol (arbidol), Rimantadin, Interferon, Oxolinic ointment, others - AngriMax, Anaferon, Kagocel, Virogel, Panavir.

2. Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide, combined drugs - Negrinpin, Fapirin C, etc.

3. Antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin / Clavulanic acid, Ampicillin.

4. Medicines affecting immunity: Ehingin, Trimunal Groprinosin, Cycloferon.

Deputy Minister V.E. Shevchuk