Compound
What is chloroform?
Chloroform is a fatty narcotic substance that has a more strong effect, how anesthetic ether.
Unlike ether, it causes an attack much faster anesthesia and very relaxing skeletal muscles. However, at the same time it is characterized as a very toxic agent.
Formula and properties of the substance
Wikipedia says about Chloroform that when normal conditions This chemical compound is a mobile volatile clear liquid colorless and with a characteristic ethereal odor. Chloroform is non-explosive and non-flammable.
The formula of Chloroform is CHCl3. The formula was established by the French chemist Dumas.
The substance is practically insoluble in water and mixes in all proportions with fatty acids. essential oils, alcohols and ether. It also dissolves large amounts well organic matter(e.g. lecithin, paraffin, resins, rubber) and some inorganic substances(for example, iodine, sulfur or phosphorus).
Chloroform is a sufficient compound unstable. When exposed to light and air, it is oxidized by oxygen. The products of this reaction are chlorine, hydrochloric acid and carbonic acid dichloride (phosgene) - poisonous Chemical substance, which has a suffocating effect.
For this reason, the chloroformation procedure should be avoided with an open flame. Poisoning phosgene- a fairly common occurrence when working with chloroform, which has been stored in a warm place for a long time.
To prevent the decomposition of Chloroform, it must be stored in orange glass jars. For the same purpose, alcohol is added to chloroform or - sometimes - urotropin.
Chloroform hazard class according to the degree of exposure to humans is II (Highly hazardous substances).
Release form
IN different situations It may be necessary to search for sleepy points and their location on the human body. Sometimes a person needs this skill and Everyday life. For example, in order to calm a person who is in the stage alcohol intoxication.
Even in ancient times, people knew that when certain points on a person’s body were pressed, he could fall unconscious. One of these points is located on the shoulder a little closer to the neck; pressing on it leads to loss of consciousness. The same thing happens when you press on the carotid artery. And this can be used as a way to put a drunk person to sleep.
Melatonin is credited with many properties, one of which is the so-called rhythm-organizing effect, in the event of which people's biological rhythms are disturbed (especially when moving from one time zone to another). Melatonin also has antioxidant and immunostimulating effects. Many scientists around the world believe that pineal gland With the help of melatonin it acts on the body's defenses. For example, melatonin binds oxidants, triggering the antioxidant defense of the body as a whole. Looking at the function of melatonin in immune system, we can say that its role in antiviral protection is undeniable. The pineal gland hormone has a positive effect on fat metabolism, which significantly reduces cholesterol levels in the blood, consequently reducing the risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels and regulating the level of blood pressure. Many researchers believe that melatonin can prolong life, but so far there is no convincing evidence for this hypothesis in experimental data. There are only indirect data based not on elevated level epiphyseal hormone in the blood of centenarians, and on the high activity of their immune defense.
Everything would be wonderful, taking into account all the functions of melatonin, if not for one “but”, the amount of the hormone changes throughout our lives. Its production begins at the age of three months, and reaches its peak by the age of five, then remains at the same level until the onset of puberty (puberty), then its level drops sharply and reaches its critical minimum by the age of 40-50.
The "bad guys" think the same thing, which is why information obtained through torture is often deceptive, which further slows down the investigation.
Read also: 10 barbaric practices that still exist
So if torture doesn't work, what will? Human conversation and adequate attitude, as experts say. But it doesn't sound that exciting, and that's why torture will be constantly shown in movies.
4. You should never inject medicine directly into the heart.
In Pulp Fiction and The Rock, the hero of the film survives due to the fact that he was injected with medicine directly into his heart. Although intracardiac injections exist, they are practically not used, as there are many ways to administer the drug without the fatal risk.
Many people who cannot sleep are also interested in the question of where sleepy point? In fact, there are several points that can contribute falling asleep quickly. First of all, these are points on the human body, pressing on which allows you to relax - because without this it is impossible to get rid of insomnia.
A point at a distance of 1 cm from the outer corner of the eye. To make it easier to fall asleep, you need to massage it with your index and middle fingers.
The point between the eyebrows. It should be pressed lightly index finger repeatedly.
A point that can be found about the width of a finger near the nostrils. It is usually massaged in a circle.
What is chloroform?
Chloroform is a fatty drug that has a stronger effect than anesthetic ether .
Unlike ether, it causes an attack much faster and relaxes well skeletal muscles . However, at the same time it is characterized as a very toxic agent.
Formula and properties of the substance
Wikipedia says about Chloroform that under normal conditions this chemical compound is a mobile, volatile, transparent liquid without color and with a characteristic ethereal odor. Chloroform is non-explosive and non-flammable.
The formula of Chloroform is CHCl3. The formula was established by the French chemist Dumas.
The substance is practically insoluble in water and is miscible in all proportions with fatty essential oils, alcohols and ether. It also dissolves well a large number of organic substances (for example, paraffin, resins, rubber) and some inorganic substances (for example, sulfur or phosphorus).
Chloroform is a sufficient compound unstable . When exposed to light and air, it is oxidized by oxygen. The products of this reaction are chlorine and carbonic acid dichloride (phosgene), a toxic chemical that has an asphyxiating effect.
For this reason, the chloroformation procedure should be avoided with an open flame. Poisoning phosgene - a fairly common occurrence when working with chloroform, which has been stored in a warm place for a long time.
To prevent the decomposition of Chloroform, it must be stored in orange glass jars. For the same purpose, alcohol or - sometimes - is added to chloroform.
Chloroform hazard class according to the degree of exposure to humans is II (Highly hazardous substances).
Release form
Release form Chloroform is an emulsion for external use in 50 ml bottles.
The substance is produced in accordance with the current standard GOST 20015-88.
The result of constant exposure to this substance in the body is liver disease And kidney .
According to statistics, almost every tenth inhabitant of the planet is dependent on Chloroform. It is most often expressed in the form strong increase body temperature (up to 40 degrees) and vomiting (after surgical operations in which the substance was used as anesthetic , vomiting was observed in approximately 70-85% of patients).
Animal studies have shown that inhalation of air containing as little as 0.03% chloroform by pregnant female rats results in spontaneous abortion. The same was observed in rats that were given chloroform orally.
The next generations of experimental rats and mice, who continued to inhale air with Chloroform, gave birth to a larger number of pups with various types of congenital pathologies than their healthy counterparts.
The effect of the substance on reproductive function humans have not been fully studied. It is only known that prolonged inhalation of its vapors (for 2-10 minutes) can provoke death .
Presumably, chloroform can cause hereditary changes in the fetus and increases the likelihood of occurrence. These properties appear only in cases where the permissible concentration of the substance in the air is exceeded.
How to make Chloroform at home
On forums there are often questions “How to put a person to sleep with Chloroform?” and “How to prepare Chloroform yourself?”
If putting a person to sleep is the task of an experienced anesthesiologist, then almost anyone can obtain the substance at home if desired.
Chloroform is a chlorinated derivative of methane. It is obtained by heating bleach with ethanol (ethyl alcohol).
Preparation from ethyl alcohol
To obtain the substance in this way, you need to take 430 g of bleach, which contains 23.4% CaO2Cl2, and mix it with 1.5 liters of water. Then add 100 g of caustic (slaked) lime and 100 cubic meters. cm alcohol 88.5%.
The resulting mixture is distilled, and lime milk (a suspension of slaked lime in lime water) and calcium chloride CaCl₂ are added to the distillate. The released chloroform is separated, shaken several times with concentrated sulfuric acid and rectified (divided into practically pure components by repeated evaporation of the liquid and condensation of vapors).
Preparation from acetone
To obtain chloroform from acetone, take 275 g of bleach, which contains 33.3% active chlorine, and grind it with 800 cubic meters. cm of water and gradually pour in a mixture of acetone and water (to prepare it, take 22 g of acetone and 70 cubic cm of water).
Preparation from potassium (K) or sodium (Na) hypochlorites
This method involves electrolysis aqueous solution potassium chloride and alcohol. Instead of alcohol, acetone or aldehyde can be used.
Receiving from Whiteness
One of the most simple ways obtaining the substance - mixing Whiteness and acetone. For 100 ml of Whiteness you should take 10 ml of acetone. This amount of ingredients allows you to get a fairly large (about 3 ml) drop of Chloroform. Probably, by distillation it is possible to obtain a slightly larger amount of the required substance.
Indications for use Chloroform
Chloroform is used as anesthetic at surgical interventions. In addition, in the nomenclature medicines There is also a preparation “Chloroform for external use”.
Since one of the main properties of Chloroform is its ability to provide irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes, it is often used in combination with turpentine or methyl ether salicylic acid for rubbing during and inflammatory lesions skeletal muscles () .
In some cases, Chloroform in the form of drops (mixed with tincture ) is assigned when , vomiting And pain in the epigastric region .
To reduce sensitivity mucous membranes respiratory tract , affected by toxic substances with irritating and tear action (in particular, arsenic hydrogen - one of the most powerful inorganic poisons that has blood-destroying effect and provoking development malignant tumors ) Chloroform is prescribed in the form of a so-called anti-smoke mixture, which in addition includes Ethyl and and also anesthetic ether .
Contraindications
Contraindications to the use of Chloroform as anesthetic are:
- increased individual sensitivity to it;
- pathology of cardio-vascular system ;
- liver disease ;
- kidney disease ;
- asthenic syndrome .
For external use, chloroform is contraindicated if the patient has purulent-inflammatory skin diseases . There are no contraindications for oral administration.
Side effects
Exceeding the recommended dose of Chloroform when euthanizing a patient by, and especially by inhaling concentrated vapors of this substance (when the concentration exceeds 2%), leads to weakening cardiac activity , a sharp drop in indicators (up to the development collapse ) And cardiac arrest .
Chloroform vapors are irritating to mucous membranes of the eyes , respiratory tract , and when taken orally - also gastric mucosa . As a result of such exposure in humans:
- mucous membranes turn red;
- there is a feeling burning sensation ;
- copious discharge begins mucus, tears And saliva ;
- seizures occur cough ;
- there is a feeling nausea ;
- arises vomit .
Increased secretion of mucus provokes difficulty breathing , and in some cases may become the cause.
As a result of the allocation salivary glands large quantity saliva in a person often begins vomit . The entry of vomit into lungs in turn leads to strangulation or development pneumonia .
Chloroform vapors are irritating and sensory nerve endings , located in respiratory tract mucosa , which has a reflex effect on the function respiratory and vasomotor centers , as well as for activities vagus nerve center .
As a result, after initial excitation, a person reflexively begins to slow down breathing And heartbeat (sometimes to a complete stop).
Chloroform has the ability to penetrate intact skin , initially causing her irritation. Long lasting local impact accompanied by strong inflammation , and education. Sometimes or may develop.
In some cases, the patient may develop an addiction to Chloroform due to ingestion of the substance or abuse of it in the form of inhalation. This type is called “chloroformomania.”
Instructions for Chloroform (Method and dosage)
Externally, chloroform is used in the form of a complex chloroform liniment, which contains it in equal parts with an oil extract of black henbane leaves or datura oil. The product is applied to painful area and rub in gently.
Drug for oral administration in the form of chloroform in water, it is prescribed to take three to five drops 3-4 times a day. The drug in the form of chloroform water containing 0.5% chloroform is taken one tablespoon. The frequency of receptions is 3-4 per day.
Higher single dose for oral administration for adult patients is 0.5 ml, daily - 1 ml.
Overdose
Chloroform has toxic effect
on metabolism
and function internal organs
.
The odor threshold is 0.0003 mg per liter. A clearly noticeable specific odor is observed when the concentration of Chloroform is 0.02 mg per liter.
The narcotic concentration of the substance is 0.25-0.5 mg/l. At this concentration, Chloroform provokes a change in the rate of development reflex muscle tension , change in the course of metabolic processes, gastric And intestinal disorders , decreased amount of urine excreted by the kidneys and the appearance of sugar in the urine .
Serious poisonings with the substance most often occur in people working in the pharmaceutical industry. They are accompanied by a violation heart functions And respiratory center , damage to mucous membranes (eye , stomach , respiratory tract ).
Milder forms of poisoning are accompanied by vomiting , increased weakness throughout the body, dizziness. Some people may experience stomach pain and restlessness.
Laboratory tests may show a change cellular composition blood , characterized by increased or decreased content.
Even low concentrations of chloroform can provoke severe poisoning with liver damage .
Treatment of poisoning with Chloroform
If symptoms of poisoning occur when Chloroform is administered to a patient by inhalation, the administration should be stopped immediately. anesthesia . Further measures are aimed at facilitating patency respiratory tract .
The patient is connected to the device artificial ventilation lungs , for elimination oxygen starvation apply oxygen therapy (supply humidified oxygen for inhalation) and provide hyperventilation lungs .
To ensure efficient oxygen transport and eliminate symptoms and consequences intoxication also resort to infusion-transfusion therapy .
The patient is warmed up and prescribed intravenous administration and (at a dose equal to 1 mg per kilogram of body weight). To remove from blood toxic products carry out procedures and hemosorption . Prevention is also considered advisable pneumonia .
To normalize activities hearts appoint subcutaneous injections With caffeine (10%), camphor (20%) and (25%). The volume of one injection is 1-2 ml.
If symptoms of poisoning occur due to oral ingestion of a substance, first aid is limited to: pulmonary intubation , gastric lavage , prescribing laxatives to the patient - sodium salt sulfuric acid (sodium sulfate) and Vaseline oil .
The effect of Chloroform wears off within a few days. Colon lavage it is recommended to do this before clean rinsing water (the so-called siphon enema ).
Procedures aimed at preventing lesions are also prescribed kidney And liver . Experts often resort to bloodletting (150-300 ml) with further partial blood replacement.
If the patient develops collapsed state (light form collapse ), he is indicated for intravenous administration of 0.5 ml of a 0.05% solution in 10-20 ml of solution glucose . According to indications, it can be prescribed.
Therapy using sympathomimetic amines (, norepinephrine , etc.) is contraindicated. In addition, sulfonamide and chlorine-containing sleeping pills should not be prescribed.
After poisoning with the drug, it is strictly prohibited to use fatty foods and alcohol.
Interaction
No drug interactions have been described.
Terms of sale
By prescription or according to lists for medical institutions.
Storage conditions
List B. The drug should be stored in a well-sealed bottle in a cool, dry place. If stored improperly, the substance evaporates quickly.
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How to put a person to sleep?
How to put a person to sleep? The question, at first glance, is quite strange. It would seem why this might be needed. In fact, such a skill can be useful not only in medicine, but also in everyday life. Let's take a closer look at how you can put a person to sleep.
Doctors of ancient times mastered medicine with timid steps. They tried to come up with a way to put a person to sleep painlessly and at least for a short period of time. After all, complex surgical operations, including amputation of limbs. Over the centuries, new versions have been born.
In Syria and Egypt, for example, a person was put to sleep by squeezing the blood vessels in his neck. Most often, this method was used during circumcision operations. Of course, there were many frankly barbaric methods. Let's say to modern man It may seem that euthanasia by bloodletting, which results in anemia of the brain, is simply unacceptable.
And finally, anesthesia was invented. If you don’t know who deserves this credit, you might think that it was done by one of the cohort of surgeons. After all, it was they who were most often concerned about the answer to the question of how to put a person to sleep, due to their type of activity. However, the dentist was the first to use anesthesia. His name was Thomas Morton. He needed patients, but most were terrified of the pain that such treatment usually brought. Therefore, their teeth were often old and decayed, which only complicated the situation. Used by Thomas diethyl ether and initially conducted experiments on animals. The next stage was the extraction of teeth for fellow dentists. And after that, Thomas designed a device for anesthesia, of course, a very primitive one. He performed his first public operation in 1846. Everyone who was present was amazed.
To the delight of everyone, a balanced multicomponent endotracheal anesthesia appeared in 1942.
You may also need this skill in everyday life. How to put a person to sleep if he is drunk? After all, many in this state become violent and even inadequate. You don't even need any medications. In the Ancient East, there was an opinion that you could find points on a person’s body that, when pressed, would simply make him fall unconscious. There are several of them, for example, on the shoulders (a little closer to the neck) or carotid artery(almost everyone knows where it is located). Be careful, each person is, of course, individual, so the effect may not be the same.
We have all seen in the movies how to put a person to sleep with chloroform. You need to pour a little liquid onto a handkerchief and then press it to the other person’s face.
If you don’t go the difficult route, it’s easier to buy sleeping pills at the pharmacy. Now there are a lot of products that produce the described effect. Extreme caution must be used when using sleeping pills. There are drugs when taking which even the slightest deviation from the dosage indicated in the annotation is unacceptable. Please note that previously in our country there were very common cases when people were sedated with clonidine for the purpose of robbery. This remedy was most often mixed into alcoholic drinks. But such a mixture has an extremely negative effect on the human body. Therefore, never use clonidine to sedate a person if he is intoxicated.
Understand that putting a person to sleep is not easy. Even for a period of several hours. What can we say about long and complete immersion in sleep. It is almost impossible to do this using your hands and pressing some points on the body. There are now and various drugs, and hypnosis techniques. But it is difficult to call such methods reliable. Unfortunately, only one thing can be said unequivocally: it does not exist on this moment a completely painless way to instantly put a person to sleep.
What medicine can put a person to sleep?
- May 2016
- Anxiolytic (sedative).
- Antiallergic.
- Muscle relaxant.
- Individual reactions of intolerance to doxylamine succinate in the anamnesis.
- Pregnancy.
- Impaired renal function (with a pronounced decrease in glomerular filtration rate).
- Glaucoma, even anamnestic information about this disease in the family.
- Obstruction urinary tract disease-related prostate gland in men.
- Muscle relaxation.
- Reduced anxiety.
- Soporific effect.
- Anticonvulsant action.
- Weakening of the respiratory center.
- A rise in blood pressure, especially dangerous in people with pre-existing hypertension.
- The formation of drug tolerance is a situation when a quick-acting sleeping pill no longer has its effect.
- Sedation is a state of weakness after waking up.
- Paradoxical excitation and stimulation.
- Abuse of nicotine or caffeinated drinks.
- Irrational work and rest regime.
- Emotional or physical overload.
- Sleep disorders as a result of desynchronosis.
- Chloroform.
- Ether.
- Clonidine.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
- Dizziness.
- Irritation of the mucous membrane and respiratory tract.
- Impaired kidney and liver function.
- Zolpidem.
- Snovitel.
- Sanval.
- Ivadal.
- Gastric lavage. To do this, you need to drink as much of a special solution as possible at one time, and then induce artificial vomiting. It is allowed to use a solution of soda or salt.
- Ammonia. Dissolve 5 drops of ammonia in one glass of water and drink.
- Large amount of liquid. To restore the body, you should drink as much liquid as possible, for example, tea, fruit juice or herbal decoctions.
Do you remember how in the film “Operation Y” the hero Vitsin tried to put the watchman to sleep using a cloth soaked in chloroform? So, I’m wondering what drugs can now be used for this purpose? So that it is relatively safe, fast and so that this drug was relatively accessible. I think chloroform is now an obsolete and harmful thing. It is important that they do not want to harm the person they want to euthanize.
Needed for a black comedy script.
The closest substitute for chloroform is acetone. And how you can smell fuel and how you can smell it. But as in “Operation Y” it won’t work out either way. To fall asleep, i.e. If you are seriously poisoned, you need to breathe this garbage for about five minutes. I haven’t tried it myself, but they talked about it.
Basically, interest Ask. Because on the one hand, it needs to be believable, and on the other hand, it is necessary not to give criminals the opportunity to repeat such a trick. Two sides of the coin.
If we talk about “truth”, it is important not only what substance to use, but also how, for how long, in what concentration - this has already been discussed. And - I will add - think: is it possible for the character to have this substance? It’s one thing if the hero is an anesthesiologist and has access to. But if he’s an ordinary schoolboy (a pensioner, a janitor, a polar explorer without a pharmacy behind the nearest ice floe).
Before you go to work.
And legal inhalation anesthesia (ether, fluorothan, nitrous oxide) does not act instantly. The fastest of those listed is fluorotane, a minute or two. But it is a gas and does not exist in liquid form. But the ether does not give an effect very quickly, you can wait up to 15 minutes. Chloroform is faster than ether, but it has not been used anywhere for a long time, it is too toxic, in addition, as was written above, it also takes a long time to put a person to sleep: you need to press a rag tightly to your mouth and nose and hold the person very tightly while he flutters. Well, plus an extremely pungent smell that is not easy to hide (a dampened rag in your pocket is nonsense, the victim will definitely smell it).
Just right for comedy. As in the same “Prisoner of the Caucasus”. And you don’t have to rack your brains, and everything is immediately clear to the viewer.
How to put a person to sleep?
Even in ancient times, doctors and other people practicing medicine tried to find a way to painlessly put a person to sleep. It is reliably known that even in the Stone Age, primitive people already performed complex surgical operations, and even amputation of limbs, but for many centuries, ancient surgeons and doctors were interested in the question: how to put a person to sleep?
First attempts to euthanize a person
The very first attempts to completely euthanize a person were made in Egypt and Syria. A person was put to sleep by squeezing the vessels of the neck; this method was used during circumcision operations. A method of disabling a person by bloodletting was also tested, which caused anemia of the brain. Sometimes such attempts ended very tragically and it was no longer possible to wake up a person after such manipulations. It is logical to assume that the discovery of anesthesia belongs to one surgeon, or maybe even a group of surgeons, because it was surgeons who most faced the problem of putting a person to sleep and turning off his consciousness during an operation. However, it is not.
The first person to use anesthesia became a nobody famous doctor Thomas Morton. Dr. Morton was constantly in need of patients, as people were afraid of the pain that the dentist gave them during treatment, and therefore preferred to go with old and decayed teeth, just not to suffer. T. Morton was an ardent opponent of this situation and chose for his experiments the best anesthetic available at that time: diethyl ether. He approached experiments with ether very responsibly, conducted various experiments on animals, and after experiments on animals, he began to remove the teeth of his fellow dentists. Morton then constructed a very primitive apparatus for anesthetizing patients, and only when he was completely confident in his success did he decide to conduct a public demonstration of his anesthesia. On October 16, 1846, he called a surgeon he knew to remove a jaw tumor, and left himself the role of the world's first anesthesiologist. (Dr. Wells's previous demonstration of anesthesia was a fiasco due to poor choice of anesthetic and Wells's combination of two functions in one person: surgeon and anesthesiologist). The operation took place in deathly silence, and the patient slept peacefully. The doctors who gathered at the demonstration were amazed. The patient woke up to deafening applause from the audience.
How to put a person to sleep - ways
But what if the matter does not concern medicine, and we need this skill in everyday life? How to put a drunk person to sleep? Many people are familiar with situations where a person becomes violent while intoxicated, but few are able to stop his violence. How to put a person to sleep with your hands? There are several ways to put a person to sleep.
Even in the Ancient East they knew that there are special points on the human body, when pressed on which a person falls unconscious. One of them is located on the shoulders (a little closer to the neck); when you sharply press this point, a sharp impulse is sent to the brain, causing the person to fall. There is also a carotid artery, when pressed the same thing happens - a person falls unconscious. But you should always be careful when pressing any points on your body, as each person is different and the effect may vary.
Chloroform is also often used for euthanasia. This is an old method, and each of us has seen at least one film in which a little of this liquid is poured onto a handkerchief and then pressed against the face of the person they want to put to sleep.
The most easily accessible and simple way to quickly put a person to sleep is to give him a sleeping pill. Nowadays, any pharmacy sells many various medications, helping a person fall asleep very quickly. On the issue of euthanasia: previously in Russia, criminal cases of euthanasia of people with clonidine were very common. They simply slipped it into a person’s alcohol, and then calmly robbed the apartment. It has now been proven that clonidine together with alcohol has a very negative effect on the human body, so you should not use clonidine to put a person to sleep while intoxicated.
At the end of the article, I would like to note that putting a person to sleep is not the easiest thing. It is difficult to even say how to put a person to sleep for an hour, not to mention the complete and prolonged immersion of a person in sleep, especially only with the help of hands. Of course, there are various drugs, hypnosis and points on the human body, but all these are very long and unreliable methods. Therefore, there is simply no painless way to instantly euthanize a person.
Sleep problems affect people of all genders and ages. The working population has difficulty falling asleep due to stressful situations in the family, at work. Elderly patients often suffer from dyscirculatory brain damage, which is manifested by an inability to fall asleep on time or frequent awakenings. Among the wide selection of hypnotics, it is not easy to choose the right fast-acting sleeping pill. The article provides information on drugs that have their effect within 15-30 minutes.
Modern sleeping pills are divided into the following groups:
In what situations are the described drugs applicable?
Rapid-acting sleeping pills have their effect in a fairly short time. There are medications that can help people fall asleep within 5 minutes.
It is logical that somnologists (specialist doctors who deal with sleep problems) recommend a fast-acting sleeping pill, if there is so-called presomnia insomnia. This pathological condition, in which a person is bothered by difficulty falling asleep. However, he does not wake up at night, and awakening is quite easy and asymptomatic.
Intrasomnic insomnia is a condition that is accompanied not by difficulty falling asleep, but by frequent awakenings. It is easy to assume that a quick-acting sleeping pill in this situation is not only not indicated, but is also fraught with aggravation of the condition. It can lead to dangerous psychosomatic consequences.
Very fast acting drugs
The rapid onset of the hypnotic effect is necessary for the correction of presomnia disorders. The most convenient and safest would be the use of anticholinergic drugs.
The most famous fast-acting sleeping pill from this group is Donormil.
It is antihistamine. That is, it combines several therapeutic effects:
The basis of this medicine is Doxylamine succinate. This compound can also be part of such hypnotics as Reladorm, Reslip.
Sleeping pills weaken brain activity and help slow down brain waves
The use of this group of drugs is justified for a short course. It is better if its duration does not exceed 3 weeks. If after 5 days there is no effect, and the person still suffers from insomnia, you should consult a doctor to find the cause and its adequate correction.
Benzodiazepine drugs
This group of drugs acts on receptors of the same name located on nerve cells. Midazolam and Lorazepam are drugs registered in Russian Federation. They can act quite quickly on synapses that transmit information through gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA). The point is that this mediator inhibits excitation in various structures brain in humans, thereby causing various effects, including anxiolytic and hypnotic.
These two drugs exert their effect quite long time(lorazepam induces sleep lasting 10-20 hours depending on the dose taken). But there are also drugs that have a good, quick, but at the same time short-lasting effect. So, Midazolam acts for about 3 hours. This is a fairly effective fast-acting sleeping pill. It induces sleep within 20 minutes of use. Therefore, taking this drug must be synchronized with this parameter: half or a whole tablet is used half an hour before bedtime.
Midazolam - drug short acting benzodiazepine class
The effects realized by benzodiazepines are not much different from Doxylamine and its analogues. Sleeping pills from this group act quickly due to their high lipophilicity. But it should be remembered that the joint use of antisecretory and antacids may significantly distort the effects and prolong the time of sleep onset.
Other groups of drugs
Nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics are an alternative to the medications described above. To date, two drugs have been registered in Russia - Zopiclone and Zolpidem. Each is a potent hypnotic that selectively acts on the omega-1 or omega-2 subtypes of GABAergic receptors in the brain.
They also cause hypnotic effect, improving not only the duration of sleep (increase), but also affecting its phases. At the same time, the latent stage is shortened. Sleep becomes longer and deeper. The patient does not wake up in the middle of the night, and the next morning he does not feel weak.
Among the effects provided are the following:
The latter effect is undesirable, but in therapeutic doses, respiratory arrest is excluded. All listed drugs not sold without a prescription. IN free access You can purchase the following group of medications.
These are Melaxen and Circadin. They are effective for desynchronosis - conditions that arise when flying or moving to other countries, or changing work schedules. In pathogenesis main role plays a shift in all regulatory mechanisms due to circadian mismatch. Melaxen is not a strong hypnotic. But it can normalize sleep in conditions of desynchronosis.
These drugs can be used prophylactically before a flight or move. If insomnia was preceded by a change of job or place of residence, it makes sense to try treatment with these medicines. In addition, the frequency adverse reactions theirs is minimal.
Special instructions when taking sleeping pills
Sleeping pills are psychotropic compounds. This means that they act not only on certain structures of the brain, but also on the entire nervous system generally. Therefore, driving a car is contraindicated during treatment with these drugs.
Pregnancy is a vulnerable period in a woman’s life. Especially the 1st trimester, when the formation of the main organs and systems of the developing fetus occurs. The use of sleeping pills should be postponed during this period. This is due to the teratogenic effect. Cases of children being born with deformities after taking Thalidomide are still published and excite consciousness. The second and third semester are the times when these drugs can be used for treatment if the benefits of the drug significantly outweigh the potential harm.
When using hypnotics, the following undesirable effects may occur:
These conditions can only be avoided if the drugs are prescribed by a doctor. Adequate reception sleeping pills involves a 3-week intermittent course. This means taking 1 or two tablets before bed every other day for 21 days.
During treatment, you should avoid alcohol, nicotine and psychotropic compounds.
The problem of sleep paralysis
Among other sleep disorders, this condition stands apart. Young people are more likely to develop sleep paralysis. So what is it: a disease or a condition that you shouldn’t be afraid of?
If, after waking up or before falling asleep, a person experiences immobility, muscle weakness, or a feeling that the body is “not listening,” then this is sleep paralysis. Common reasons developments lie in rather banal everyday and environmental factors:
Sleep paralysis is not difficult to recognize. Symptoms concern only the process of falling asleep and waking up. Sleep paralysis does not require therapy. Treatment is aimed at correcting causal factors. Sleep disturbance will require the use of Circadin or non-benzodiazepine hypnotics with quick action. Questions about how to treat a condition such as sleep paralysis should be answered by a neurologist or psychotherapist.
Also in ancient times Doctors were thinking about how to put a person to sleep. There was no anesthesia or drugs for these purposes, so we had to come up with our own methods. Now doctors are already making full use of all the benefits of medicine, however, the question of how to calm a person for a while still remains relevant.
Sometimes this is required in order to fall asleep faster without resorting to sleeping pills. However, most often it is simply necessary to calm down a drunken brawler and put him to sleep.
Hypnosis
Hypnosis can put a person into a trance state and keep him there for several hours. The technique of hypnosis is quite difficult to master, so you should not use this method unless you have enough knowledge to do so.
Important! When using hypnosis, you must be able to not only put a person into a state of sleep, but also bring him out of it.
Another nuance is that not every person can be hypnotized. More suggestible people are able to immediately succumb to the influence, while others may not enter the sleep state at all.
Special points on the body
Many saw in the film how some hero pressed a certain point on his opponent’s body and thereby instantly knocked him out. This is not a cinematic trick, this can be done in real life. exist on the human body special points, which can quickly turn off consciousness or cause severe drowsiness.
Let's list some of these points:
The above points are not all that are capable of influencing the body, but are the most easily accessible to external influence.
Liquids for euthanasia
Another method familiar to us from films. Applying a rag or scarf soaked in a special liquid to the face. This method is fast-acting, but quite dangerous. Careless use may result in mental disabilities in the future or even death.
For euthanasia it is used:
Any of the above medications is quite dangerous, so it is only allowed to be used by specialists.
In addition, each of them has strong side effects:
List side effects quite impressive, so you shouldn’t put a drunk person to sleep using this method.
In case of alcohol intoxication, the use of medications may entail Negative consequences. In no case should you experiment with them, much less give them sleeping pills, without first knowing how they interact with alcohol. Alcohol can increase the effects of medications, which can lead to respiratory arrest or cause a hypertensive crisis.
Doctors most often prescribe drugs from the imidazopyridine group to drunk people:
The above drugs are available only with a doctor's prescription. Under no circumstances should you exceed the prescribed dose, otherwise side effects may occur.
Other methods
If methods for putting a drunk person to sleep at home did not help, or you need to quickly bring your husband or acquaintance to his senses, while remaining conscious, you need to cleanse the body of toxins.
The following methods are suitable for this:
In addition to taking various liquids, it will help to sober up Fresh air, running and strength training. If you cannot sober up a person on your own, you should consult a doctor.
How not to calm someone down
Sometimes, when trying to help and calm a person, you can only anger him more. Some recommendations cannot be used at all on your own, as you may miscalculate and harm the health of your friend or relative.
Commonly used methods that you really shouldn't use:
In case of slight intoxication, bring the person to normal condition you can do it yourself. Otherwise, if a drunkard begins to row and threaten society, it is better to call ambulance and send the person to the hospital.
Attention, TODAY only!
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