Piracetam is a synthetic nootropic drug - the first in the history of pharmacology and still the main remedy in this group.
The drug is used in psychiatry and neurology, has wide range applications. It began to be widely used only in 1972, although it was invented almost 10 years earlier.
First meeting
Piracetam improves blood circulation in the brain, which helps improve memory and eliminate neurological disorders.
It is prescribed to older people as prophylactic from, children to improve memory and correct behavior, drug addicts and alcoholics to relieve withdrawal symptoms. This harmless remedy, is well tolerated by the patient's body. It should be taken only as prescribed by a doctor. The drug belongs to pharmacological group– psychostimulants.
Piracetam has a beneficial effect on microcirculation and metabolic processes in the brain. Accelerates glucose utilization, stimulates metabolic processes in affected areas, inhibits the activation of activated platelets. Shows protective properties against brain damage that occurs due to oxygen starvation, intoxication and electric shock.
Pharmacokinetics and composition of the drug
Piracetam is produced in the form:
- capsules 0.4 g per pack of 60 pieces;
- tablets, coated, 0.2 g each in a package of 120 pieces;
- solution 20% for injections in ampoules of 5 ml, in a package - 10 ampoules.
The solution contains the active substance - piracetam, and auxiliary substances (sodium acetate, acetic acid and water). In tablets and capsules, in addition to active substance piracetam, the following components are also present:
- stearate;
- povidone;
- ethylcellulose;
- talc and other substances.
In appearance they are oval white and quite large tablets and capsules with white powder inside in a gelatin shell.
The product is well absorbed and penetrates into various fabrics body. After taking the medicine maximum concentration in plasma occurs within an hour. Penetrates through the blood-brain barrier, the placenta, and tends to accumulate in brain tissue and human organs.
It enters the brain tissue 1-4 hours after administration. From cerebrospinal fluid is the most difficult to excrete - this indicates a high tropism for brain tissue. While in the body, piracetam does not undergo biotransformation and is excreted unchanged from the body by the kidneys. Bioavailability is almost 100%, regardless of the form of the drug.
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of this drug is not fully understood. It increases energy potential the body by accelerating ATP turnover, increasing the activity of adenylate cyclase and inhibiting nucleotide phosphatase.
Improvement in energy processes under the influence of piracetam leads to increased resistance of brain tissue during hypoxia and infection. Under the influence of the drug, the synthesis of nuclear RNA in the brain is enhanced.
Why is Piracetam prescribed by narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists?
Piracetam is used in neurology, psychiatry and narcology, in neurological therapy used for the following indications:
In psychiatric practice, the medicine is used to treat the following diseases:
- neurotic depression with signs of lethargy;
- schizophrenia with a sluggish-apathetic effect, psychoorganic syndrome, atrophic process;
- comprehensive treatment of mental illness;
- comprehensive treatment of depression;
- epileptic syndrome;
- in case of poor tolerability of antipsychotics, to avoid complications.
Indications for the use of Piracetam in addiction treatment:
- relief of withdrawal symptoms and for alcoholism, drug addiction and in case of acute poisoning with alcoholic beverages, barbiturates, morphine;
- chronic alcoholism with permanent impairments mental activity.
In addition, the drug is used in pediatrics to improve the learning process, to eliminate the effects of brain damage during childbirth, mental retardation, and mental retardation.
Who will be harmed and even dangerous?
Piracetam should not be used to treat a patient if he has:
- hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
- pregnancy and breastfeeding;
- psychomotor agitation;
- acute renal failure.
The drug should be taken with extreme caution if:
- violation of hemostasis;
- heavy bleeding;
- extensive surgery;
- chronic renal failure.
Piracity should not be prescribed to children under one year of age. The medication is prescribed by the attending physician according to indications and in accordance with the patient’s condition.
Dosages and course of treatment
The medicine is taken orally, in the form of intramuscular and intravenous injections.
Take the drug orally before meals.
Doses are prescribed by a doctor, but in accordance with the instructions, Piracetam is taken as follows.
Piracetam dosages for adult patients depending on the condition:
- Tablets and capsules for chronic diseases – 1200 mg per day, divided into 3 doses, gradually increase the dose to 3200 mg per day, and after improvement, reduce to 400 mg.
- Intramuscular injections– first 2-4 g per day, the next day – 4-6 g. The dose and course of treatment are prescribed by the doctor, based on the patient’s individual characteristics.
- Intravenously the drug is administered as a dropper, the daily dose is 4-12 g, the course of treatment is 2-4 weeks.
Children are given only the drug in tablets. For children aged 1 to 5 years – 800 mg per day, from 5 to 16 years – 1200-1600 mg.
Overdose cases? They are!
An overdose of the drug occurs when different quantities of the administered agent - it is impossible to establish the exact dosage. Can't drink again medicine or give an injection. In case of overdose, increased side effects are observed:
- insomnia;
- irritability.
Older patients may experience worsening heart failure. In this case, you need to reduce the dose of the medicine. IN severe cases gastric lavage is performed and activated carbon.
Side effects are also not uncommon.
Side effects when taking Piracetam can be observed in several body systems.
Nervous system:
In addition, there may be manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract and other body systems:
- nausea;
- vomit;
- diarrhea;
- decrease in blood pressure;
- fever;
- weight gain;
- hypersensitivity;
- thrombophlebitis;
- hives;
- dermatitis;
special instructions
During treatment, it is necessary to regularly monitor the functioning of the liver and kidneys. Also, taking the drug can lead to insomnia, so evening medication should be taken no later than 17-18 hours.
Treatment of patients with cortical myoclonus does not allow abrupt withdrawal of Piracetam; attacks may recur.
Interaction with alcohol
Alcohol can increase or decrease the effect of Piracetam. You can take the drug after a 12-hour break after taking it 
alcohol.
If it is prescribed for removal hangover syndrome, then before taking it it is necessary to restore water balance in the body, eliminate headaches with Aspirin or Citramon, remove toxins with activated charcoal, and only then relieve a hangover with the remedy in question.
The doctor chooses the dosage based on the patient’s weight and age.
Liver and kidney dysfunction
If the patient has impaired liver function, then adjustment of the dosage of the medication is not required. If kidney function is impaired, dosing is carried out depending on the QC indicator.
For chronic renal failure last stage treatment with piracetam is contraindicated.
Interaction with other drugs
Simultaneous treatment with hormones thyroid gland leads to anxiety, irritability, tremors, sleep disturbances, and confusion.
When used with central nervous system stimulants, psychostimulant effects may be enhanced. Simultaneous use with antipsychotics leads to increased
Pregnancy, lactation and childhood
Piracetam is prescribed during pregnancy when the threat to the fetus is less than the risk to the mother. 
The drug is not prescribed to pregnant women in any of the three trimesters because it crosses the placenta and accumulates in the baby's brain, which can lead to nervous disorder baby.
The medicine is present in breast milk and is passed on to the baby, so it is necessary to either stop breastfeeding the baby or temporarily discontinue the drug.
The drug is prescribed to children from one year of age. It is used to correct a student’s academic performance throughout the school year at a dose of 3.3 grams per day. Use the medicine for children only as prescribed by a doctor.
Theory without practice is blind...
A doctor's review of Piracetam and patient reviews will help to finally clarify the situation with the effectiveness and safety of the drug.
Doctor review
Piracetam is one of the most popular medicines in our country for eliminating problems with the brain. It is distinguished by its availability and low cost, harmlessness and non-toxicity, and the possibility of taking it for preventive purposes.
The course of treatment should not exceed six months. Piracetam does not help as a stand-alone medicine for some diseases, so it is prescribed in combination with others. If the patient has headaches due to problems with cervical spine spine, then the drug is powerless, the cause of the disease must be eliminated.
Udalova A. S., neurologist
Piracetam is pharmaceutical, belonging to a group of drugs used to improve cerebral circulation(nootropics). The origin of the drug is synthetic.
Due to the mechanism of action of the drug, it is often prescribed by doctors for treatment various diseases in such branches of medicine as psychiatry, narcology and neurology. The drug is also used to restore patients after a stroke.
The medicine Piracetam tablets is very popular among higher education students. educational institutions who purchase it in cases where it is necessary to stimulate mental activity and the ability to remember, because the drug helps improve concentration.
In what cases is the drug prescribed?
The effect of the drug Piraceram is based on enhancing the work of nervous system cells to release dopamine, increasing the concentration of norepinephrine, acetylcholine and activation of cholinergic receptors. It helps activate glucose metabolism, as well as normalize renal blood circulation in those areas of the brain that are damaged after a stroke.
Due to the direction of the drug’s effect on the nervous and circulatory system, it is prescribed in order to significantly enhance metabolic processes in the brain. The drug can be used to improve redox reactions in the body and stimulate the energy capabilities of nerve cells and tissues.
The medicine does not contribute to the appearance of a sedative, hypnotic, or slowing effect; after taking it, you can drive a car or do work that requires concentration. Able to enhance the conductivity of nerve cells. Piracetam can be used after strokes intravenously or intramuscularly as drug injections.
This nooprop is prescribed to improve the state of consciousness, speech and memory, due to the cerebral direction of action. For the most correct operation of the medicine, it is most correct to use it before meals.
The drug is indicated for use for the treatment large quantity diseases, it can also be taken to improve the general condition of the nervous system. Depending on the indications, dose, desired effects and other factors, the combination of which allows the drug to be used for a long time, tablets, capsules and intravenous injections are prescribed in the following cases:
Contraindications
The drug has several contraindications, including:
Features of administration and side effects
The drug can be used in the treatment of various diseases, depending on the nature of the pathology, duration of treatment and method of administration. active substance. The answer to the question “How to take Piracetam?” will depend on the severity of the patient's condition and the decision of the attending physician.
To improve memory and concentration, both tablets and injections are used, depending on whether correction of the usual brain activity V better side or need intensive recovery after injury or stroke.
Side effects
Piracetam may cause the following: side effects:
The occurrence of side effects depends on the correct use of the drug and compliance with the dosage regimen. You need to take the medicine according to your doctor's instructions.
Features of use in stroke therapy
Piracetam occupies a leading position in stroke treatment. He doesn't provide toxic effect in combination with others medicines, restoring the activity of the area of the brain damaged by stroke, accelerates regeneration, thereby promoting the restoration of basic neurological functions (memory, attention, speech, etc.).
The drug is used to treat both acute period ischemic stroke, and after an attack.
Cost of the drug
Piracetam is a low-cost drug, despite its effectiveness and wide spectrum of action. It can be purchased by patients of any income in pharmacies in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Cost of the drug in various forms for reception:
- Piracetam tablets 200 mg 60 pcs. – 40 rub.
- Piracetam injection solution 20% 5 ml 10 pcs. – 55 rub.
- Piracetam tablets 400 mg 60 pcs. – 60-70 rub.
- Piracetam tablets 800 mg 30 pcs. — 80 rub.
- Piracetam 400 mg 60 caps. – 150 rub.
Prices for the drug will depend on the brand of the pharmacy and the manufacturer of the product, the country of manufacture and the markup of the pharmacy organization.
At various violations cerebral circulation, memory loss and other work problems are often prescribed Piracetam. This drug belongs to the group of nootropics. They are used in medicine to protect the brain from various damaging factors. Many drugs belong to this group, but Piracetam is used most often, as it inexpensive remedy Russian production. It is available in tablets, capsules and solution for injection. In complex and in case of emergency Piracetam injections are most often used.
Nootropics
The drug "Piracetam" was created in the 60s of the 20th century. At first it was used to increase the brain's resistance to hypoxia or intoxication, and to treat the consequences of injuries. Scientists soon found out that the drug improves memory, helps assimilate educational material, and increases mental performance. Then other drugs with similar effects were synthesized. They were called nootropics because they affected higher cortical functions.
These drugs have many useful properties, which are explained by their ability to activate the processes of transmission of nerve impulses, as well as regulate the synthesis of proteins and polysaccharides. Nootropics have sedative, psychostimulating, antidepressant and nootropic effects. They improve thinking, increase clarity of thinking and normalize blood supply to the brain. These drugs are actively used in pediatric and neurological practice. Moreover, Piracetam is the most common drug. Although after it many more drugs appeared with a similar effect.
Features of the drug "Piracetam"
This medicine is available in the form of tablets with dosages of 200, 400 and 800 mg, as well as a 20% solution for injection. Each ampoule contains 5 ml of medication. The main active ingredient is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Depending on the severity of the disease and individual characteristics, the doctor calculates the dosage and number of Piracetam injections. The drug is used to improve brain function and increase the body's resistance to various damaging factors. The main active substance accumulates in brain tissue, nerve cells and cerebrospinal fluid. It is eliminated from the body in 5-9 hours, mainly by the kidneys. Does not participate in general metabolism and does not bind to blood proteins.
What effect does the drug have?
Piracetam injections are used for a wide variety of health problems. This drug belongs to the group of nootropics. It affects the brain by improving blood circulation and metabolic processes in nerve cells. This drug is used quite often, and some doctors prefer to prescribe Piracetam injections intramuscularly, as they are more effective than tablets. They have the following effect on the body:
- stimulate mental activity;
- improve memory, attention;
- restore lost speech functions;
- accelerate the breakdown of glucose;
- improve oxygen supply to the brain;
- increase the stability of brain cells under various negative impacts, for example, after injury or intoxication;
- have a positive effect on the blood;
- prevents the formation of blood clots;
- improve communication between the hemispheres of the brain, as well as nerve conduction;
- restore metabolic processes in nerve tissues.
Why are Piracetam injections prescribed?
This drug is prescribed by different doctors, but most often it is used in neurology, psychiatry, addiction medicine and pediatrics. It is prescribed at any age, but only according to a doctor’s indications. Piracetam injections can help older people improve memory and general state, at chronic alcoholism stops helps to recover after a stroke. The drug is used in the complex treatment of depression, atherosclerosis, anemia, and Alzheimer's disease. It is effective for improving memory and mental activity, therefore often used by students before a session.
But the instructions for use for Piracetam injections recommend using them only as prescribed by a doctor. Most often this is done in the following cases:
- after a stroke or traumatic brain injury;
- in case of impaired blood supply to the brain;
- at frequent dizziness, gait disturbance;
- with decreased memory and attention;
- with mood swings, depression;
- when decreasing cognitive activity, loss of skills in older people;
- with osteochondrosis;
- at bad memory, decreased digestibility educational material;
- for frequent headaches, high blood pressure;
- with sleep disturbances and decreased performance;
- for apathy, depression, tearfulness;
- for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease;
- with retarded mental and mental development in children, with cerebral palsy and dyslexia, after birth injuries;
- in case of poisoning with alcohol or narcotic drugs, withdrawal syndrome.
Contraindications to the use of the drug
Piracetam injections are not prescribed to patients with renal failure and with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. This treatment is recommended only for people over 1 year of age; older people need medical supervision and monitoring of their kidney condition. Injections are also not prescribed for severe psychomotor agitation, Huntington's chorea, or hemorrhagic stroke. The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, but if the benefits of its administration outweigh the risk to the child, the doctor may decide to use it. But breast-feeding must be stopped for the duration of treatment. According to the instructions, Piracetam injections are recommended to be done with caution in case of blood clotting disorders, surgical interventions And heavy bleeding, since the drug improves the rheological properties of the blood, which can lead to increased bleeding.
Possible side effects
As stated in the instructions, Piracetam injections are usually well tolerated, but sometimes there are negative ones side effects. They mainly appear in old age, as well as when the dosage is exceeded or the doctor’s recommendations are not followed. Most often this allergic reactions, arising from intolerance to the main active substance. It could be itchy skin, rash, sometimes swelling or dermatitis develops.
In addition, side effects from the nervous system also often develop. Possible appearance psychomotor agitation, irritability, motor disinhibition, imbalance. Insomnia and anxiety may develop. Sometimes the ability to concentrate decreases, depression, convulsions appear, headache. Other side effects are much less common. This may be a worsening of the course of heart disease, increased sexual activity, changes in body weight, decreased blood pressure. Patients with epilepsy may experience an increase in seizures.
Mostly side effects occur when the drug is overdosed. They usually go away quickly after it is discontinued. If the overdose is severe, it is necessary drinking plenty of fluids, sometimes hemodialysis is prescribed. There is no specific antidote to the drug. In addition, local reactions at the injection site are possible. This is pain, the development of thrombophlebitis.
Piracetam is a synthetic nootropic drug widely used in neurological and psychiatric practice.
In my own way chemical composition is a pyrrolidone derivative and belongs to the racetam family. In Russia, the drug is widely used in psychiatric, drug addiction and neurological practice. Piracetam has a positive effect on cerebral circulation and improves metabolic processes in the brain.
Its use has a beneficial effect on learning ability by improving concentration and memory. In addition, the drug protects and restores brain functions affected by hypoxia (oxygen starvation) and intoxication.
Clinical and pharmacological group
Nootropic drug.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies
Dispensed with a doctor's prescription.
Prices
How much does Piracetam cost in pharmacies? average price is at the level of 40 rubles.
Release form and composition
Pharmaceutical factories in the post-Soviet space produce this remedy in three dosage forms: in an injection solution in ampoules of 5 milliliters No. 5, No. 10 or No. 20; in capsules No. 10-No. 120; in tablets No. 10-No. 600.
Piracetam includes as an active ingredient a nootropic substance with a similar name to piracetam (INN - Piracetam) in different mass fractions depending on the dosage form of the drug: 1 milliliter of solution for injection - 200 mg, 1 capsule - 200 mg or 400 mg, 1 tablet – 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg or 1200 mg.
The additional composition of the ingredients may vary somewhat depending on the manufacturer producing the drug, which should also be taken into account by the attending physician prescribing this or that drug.
Pharmacological effect
Is nootropic agent. It has a beneficial effect on the metabolic processes of the brain: it enhances the utilization of glucose, stimulates glycolytic processes, enhances the synthesis of phospholipids and RNA, and increases the concentration of ATP in brain tissue.
Helps improve integrative brain activity, memory consolidation, and facilitate the learning process. Improves cerebral blood flow and connections between the hemispheres of the brain, increases mental performance. Has a protective effect against brain damage caused by electric shock, intoxication, hypoxia; enhances beta and alpha activity, reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus, and reduces delta activity on the EEG.
The effect of the drug develops gradually. Psychostimulating and sedative effect the active ingredient of the drug is practically absent.
Why is Piracetam needed and when is the drug prescribed?
Piracetam has a wide range of applications; this medication is prescribed for the treatment of disorders in neurology, pediatrics, psychiatry and addiction. Let's take a closer look at why Piracetam is prescribed for various pathologies.
In pediatrics used for the following conditions:
- Difficulties in the learning process;
- Dyslexia (impaired ability to read and write) in combination with other methods;
- Perinatal brain damage;
- Mental retardation;
- Cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy);
- Oligophrenia;
- As part of the combined treatment of sickle cell anemia.
In psychiatry used for various pathological conditions psyche:
- Depression of various origins with a predominance of hypochondriacal and asthenic disorders, accompanied by phenomena of lethargy;
- Apathetic states in schizophrenia;
- Prevention of mental, autonomic and neurological complications associated with poor tolerance psychotropic drugs and neuroleptics;
- Complex therapy mental disorders and depressive conditions.
In narcology used when there are such indications:
- Chronic alcoholism with persistent mental disorders (intellectual-mnestic disorders, asthenia);
- Relief of pre- and delirious, withdrawal states in alcoholism and drug addiction, as well as in the case of acute poisoning with morphine, phenamine, barbiturates and alcohol.
In neurological practice used for the following conditions:
- Acute and chronic circulatory disorders in the brain;
- Treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease;
- Comatose states resulting from intoxication or brain injury;
- Disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, accompanied by a disorder emotional sphere and decreased intellectual abilities;
- Diseases of the brain of a vascular nature (atherosclerotic changes), which are complicated by the phenomena of chronic vascular insufficiency (memory impairment, distracted attention, speech difficulties, dizziness, impaired coordination of movements, migraines).
Piracetam is used in complex treatment for Parkinson's disease, severe depression, schizophrenia, neuroses and other mental disorders. The medicine has confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment of alcohol and drug poisoning; it is used to relieve attacks of delirium tremens and to restore brain activity in people suffering from chronic alcoholism.
Contraindications
According to the instructions, Piracetam is contraindicated for use in:
- Psychomotor agitation;
- Chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min);
- Hypersensitivity to one of the components of the drug;
- Hemorrhagic stroke;
- Pregnancy and lactation;
- Huntington's chorea.
In addition, according to indications, Piracetam should be used with caution in the following cases:
- Chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance 20-80 ml/min);
- Hemostasis disorders;
- heavy bleeding;
- Extensive surgical interventions.
Use during pregnancy and lactation
Adequate and strictly controlled studies of the safety of piracetam during pregnancy have not been conducted. Use is possible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother exceeds possible risk for the fetus.
Piracetam appears to penetrate into breast milk. If it is necessary to use it during lactation, the issue of stopping breastfeeding should be decided.
IN experimental studies In animals, no negative effects of piracetam on the fetus were detected.
Dosage and method of administration
The instructions for use indicate that Piracetam tablets and capsules are prescribed orally.
At the beginning of treatment, 800 mg is prescribed in 3 doses before meals, if the condition improves single dose gradually reduce to 400 mg. Daily dose – 30-160 mg/kg body weight, frequency of administration – 2 times a day, if necessary – 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment lasts from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated.
- At long-term therapy psychoorganic syndrome in the elderly, the drug is prescribed at 1.2-2.4 g per day; loading dose during the first weeks of therapy is up to 4.8 g per day. Treatment with piracetam, if necessary, can be combined with the use of psychotropic, cardiovascular and other drugs.
- When treating the consequences of comatose states, in the post-traumatic period, the initial dose is 9-12 g per day, maintenance dose is 2.4 g, the course of treatment is 3 weeks.
- This dosage form recommended for children over 5 years old – 1 capsule. 3 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 1.8 g. The course of treatment is from 2 weeks to 2-6 months.
- For alcoholism – 12 g per day during the period of manifestation of alcohol withdrawal syndrome; maintenance dose – 2.4 g.
- For sickle cell anemia, the daily dose is 160 mg/kg body weight, divided into 4 equal portions.
Attention: take the last single dose no later than 17.00 to prevent sleep disturbances.
Injections
Performed intravenously by stream or drip, intramuscularly. Daily dose divided into 2-4 doses. Symptomatic treatment psychoorganic syndrome: 4.8 g per day during the first week, then switch to a maintenance dose of 1.2-2.4 g per day.
Treatment of cortical myoclonus: start with a dose of 7.2 g per day, every 3-4 days the dose is increased by 4.8 g per day until maximum dose 24 g per day. Treatment is continued throughout the entire period of the disease. Every 6 months you should try to reduce the dose or discontinue the drug, gradually reducing the dose by 1.2 g per day every 2 days. With minor therapeutic effect or its absence, treatment is stopped.
Treatment of dizziness and related balance disorders: 2.4-4.8 g per day.
For sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis (in adults and children): intravenously, 300 mg/kg per day, divided into 4 equal doses.
Treatment of dyslexia in children over 8 years of age (in combination with other treatment methods) - 3.2 g, divided into 2 equal doses.
Side effects
- Sense organs: vertigo;
- Local reactions: thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site;
- Digestive system: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea;
- Metabolism: increased body weight;
- Skin: itching, rashes, dermatitis;
- Allergic reactions: angioedema, increased sensitivity, anaphylactic reactions;
- Central nervous system: insomnia, imbalance, anxiety, irritability, depression, motor disinhibition, headache, drowsiness, ataxia, asthenia, hallucinations, mental agitation, exacerbation of epilepsy, confusion;
- Other reactions: decreased blood pressure, fever, increased sexual activity.
In children, especially with mental retardation, when taking Piracetam, the following side effects are possible: restlessness, fussiness, imbalance, increased conflict, anxiety, decreased ability to concentrate, motor disinhibition, irritability.
Overdose
Cases of overdose have been observed rarely, since a sufficiently large amount of the drug can be taken per day. If the permitted dose is significantly exceeded, the following reactions are possible:
- Insomnia.
- Tremor.
- Increased severity of side effects.
- Exacerbation of heart failure.
There is no specific antidote to Piracetam. Patients are advised to drink more fluids to quickly eliminate excess medication in the urine. In severe cases, hemodialysis is performed, but its effectiveness is only 50%, since the drug is able to penetrate filter membranes.
special instructions
Use with caution in patients with severe hemostatic impairment, during major surgical operations and severe bleeding; with renal failure.
Drug interactions
Before you start using the drug, read the special instructions:
- With the simultaneous use of central nervous system stimulants, the psychostimulating effect may be enhanced.
- When used simultaneously with antipsychotics, an increase in extrapyramidal disorders is observed.
- A case of interaction of piracetam with simultaneous use with a thyroid extract containing triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine is described, when the patient experienced anxiety, irritability and sleep disorders.
When used simultaneously with thyroid hormones, central effects may develop - tremor, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, and confusion.
Nootropic drugs.
Composition of Piracetam
The active substance is piracetam.
Manufacturers
Ozon LLC (Russia)
pharmachologic effect
Pharmacological action - nootropic.
Activates associative processes brain, improves memory, mood and mentality in healthy and sick people.
Increases integrative brain activity and intellectual activity, stimulates learning processes, restores and stabilizes impaired brain functions.
Increases the resistance of brain tissue to hypoxia and toxic influences, enhances the synthesis of nuclear RNA in the brain.
Improves microcirculation (without vasodilation), blocks platelet aggregation, optimizes the conformational properties of the erythrocyte membrane and the ability of erythrocytes to pass through microvessels.
In patients with dementia due to repeated cerebrovascular accidents, it improves local uptake of oxygen and glucose by brain tissue, and in patients with functional disorders The central nervous system increases the level of wakefulness.
Due to its antihypoxic effect, it is effective in complex therapy of myocardial infarction.
Reduces the severity of vestibular nystagmus.
It is quickly and almost completely absorbed when taken orally.
Bioavailability is 100%.
Does not bind to plasma proteins.
The maximum concentration in the liquor is created after 2-8 hours.
Penetrates all organs and tissues, passes the placental barrier.
Selectively accumulates in the cerebral cortex, mainly in the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, cerebellum and basal ganglia.
Practically not metabolized.
The plasma half-life is 4-5 hours; cerebrospinal fluid - 6-8 hours.
Excreted by the kidneys.
In patients with renal failure, the half-life is prolonged.
Side effects of Piracetam
Dizziness, tremor, nervousness, agitation, etc. sexual, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, weakness, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased frequency of attacks coronary insufficiency.
Indications for use
Psychoorganic disorders of vascular, traumatic and toxic origin (comatose states, acute phase traumatic injuries brain, etc.), psychoorganic syndromes with a predominance of asthenia, decreased attention and thinking abilities ( cerebral atherosclerosis, intoxication, alcoholism, etc.), alcohol withdrawal and relief of alcoholic delirium, acute poisoning morphine and barbiturates, psychosis and astheno depressive states (complex therapy), sluggish defective states in schizophrenia, depressive states resistant to antidepressants; in gerontology:
- memory impairment, dizziness, changes in personality traits, Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy, post-stroke mental and physical defects;
- in pediatrics - prevention and treatment of newborn asphyxia, birth trauma and its consequences, the period of convalescence after meningitis, encephalitis, traumatic brain injury, delay mental development, learning difficulties, memory disorders and intellectual disabilities;
- correction of side effects and complications of therapy with psychotropic drugs (asthenia, adynamia, neuroleptic crises with hyperkinesis), cortical myoclonus, sickle cell anemia (complex therapy), viral neuroinfections (to reduce the phenomena of hypoxia and cerebral ischemia).
Contraindications to Piracetam
Hypersensitivity, including to pyrrolidone derivatives; hemorrhagic stroke, pronounced violations kidney function, pregnancy, breastfeeding, infancy up to 1 year.
Overdose
Symptoms:
- more severe symptoms side effects.
Treatment:
- symptomatic.
Interaction
Increases the effectiveness of antidepressants.
In the elderly and old age enhances the effect of antianginal drugs, reduces the need for nitroglycerin.
special instructions
Caution is necessary when prescribing to patients with impaired hemostasis, during major surgical operations or patients with symptoms of severe bleeding.
When treating patients with cortical myoclonus, avoid abrupt end treatment.
Exacerbation of coronary insufficiency occurs in elderly patients; in these cases, it is necessary to reduce the dose or discontinue therapy.
Use with caution while working for vehicle drivers and people whose profession is related to increased concentration attention.
Penetrates through the filter membranes of hemodialysis machines.
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