Catarrhal gingivitis is found in upper layers periodontal tissue and is an inflammatory process. Like regular gingivitis, catarrhal disease occurs from the influence of general and local factors. Defects in orthodontic treatment, jaw injuries, tartar and poor oral care are considered local factors. Blood disease, genetics, viral infections, poor immunity and many other diseases are classified as common reasons influencing development catarrhal gingivitis.
According to the severity, catarrhal gingivitis can be recurrent or acute, depending on the degree of periodontal damage. Depending on the type of spread, the disease can be local or generalized. With catarrhal gingivitis, the dentogingival joints are susceptible to destruction, while the dentition itself retains its immobility and stability. It is important to know that catarrhal gingivitis is initial stage more serious illnesses- periodontitis, periodontal disease. If the disease is not detected in time, you can completely lose your teeth.
The inflammatory process that occurs in the upper layers of the periodontal tissue and does not destroy the periodontal junction is called catarrhal gingivitis.
Etiology of the disease
The catarrhal inflammatory process in the gingival tissue occurs as a result of the influence of local and general factors. Among the local factors are:
- injuries of the dental system;
- tartar;
- defects in orthodontic treatment;
- poor oral care.
Common reasons influencing the development of the disease include:
- change hormonal levels;
- systemic diseases and blood diseases;
- allergic reactions;
- bad habits;
- decreased immunity;
- genetic factors;
- avitaminosis;
- bad ecology;
- viral infections;
- drug treatment associated with taking hormones, immunosuppressants or cytostatics.
The trigger mechanism that provokes the occurrence of catarrhal inflammatory process in the periodontal tissue is accelerated growth pathogenic microflora, that is, the presence in oral cavity patient biofilm, which includes aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Microbial accumulations have a certain damaging potential, which directly depends on the state of the patient’s immune system, that is, on his immune status. Consequently, among the main reasons provoking catarrhal gingivitis, we can highlight the presence in the oral cavity pathogenic microorganisms(insufficient hygiene) and decreased body resistance.
Types of catarrhal inflammatory lesions
The nature of the course of catarrhal inflammatory lesion may be recurrent or acute. Depending on the extent of the lesion, generalized and local types of catarrhal gingivitis are distinguished.
The degree of periodontal involvement determines the severity of the disease. If the inflammatory process affects only the periodontal papillae, then initial mild degree severity of the disease. Inflammatory lesions of the marginal and interdental parts of the gums indicate medium degree the severity of the catarrhal inflammatory lesion, and the spread of the destructive process to the alveolar part of the gums indicates the development of catarrhal lesions of the third degree of severity.
In any form of the disease, the dentogingival joints are not destroyed, and the dentition itself retains its immobility and stability. If the disease is not treated in time, then the risk of it developing into necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis increases, as well as such dental diseases, such as periodontal disease, periodontitis, periodontitis, abscess and others.
Symptoms of catarrhal inflammatory process
The acute form of catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by the following symptoms:
- bleeding, looseness, burning and swelling of the gums;
- bad breath;
- hyperemia of the gum tissue;
- pain on palpation, thermal and mechanical irritation.
If the acute form is severe, then the above symptoms are added muscle pain, hyperthermia, deterioration of health (malaise, nausea, apathy, weakness, lethargy, etc.).
For chronic catarrhal gingivitis, characteristic following symptoms:
- sudden bleeding of gingival tissue, which occurs even with minor mechanical impact;
- cyanotic gum color;
- a roller-like thickening that stretches parallel to the dentition;
- feeling of burning and swelling of the gums;
- change in taste perception;
- appearance metallic taste in the mouth (taste of blood);
- foul odor from the oral cavity.
Symptoms of chronic catarrhal gingivitis become more intense during periods of exacerbation and can almost completely disappear during periods of stable remission.
Diagnosis of the disease
The disease is diagnosed by visual examination of the patient's oral cavity and careful collection of anamnesis of the disease. The final diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture and analysis of the patient’s subjective feelings.
Assessment of the severity of catarrhal gingivitis is carried out depending on the indicators of significant dental indices, which assess the intensity of the inflammatory lesion, the amount of bacterial plaque and the degree of gum bleeding. To determine dental indices, a series of instrumental studies.
Treatment of catarrhal inflammatory process
Therapy catarrhal form gingivitis is aimed at suppressing pathogenic microflora that provokes inflammation, as well as eliminating general and local factors that provoke the disease.
Local treatment includes professional cleaning of the oral cavity, orthodontic treatment (replacement of fillings, replacement of prosthetics, installation of implants), and treatment of caries. TO local treatment also include rinsing with antiseptic solutions, periodontal applications, physiotherapy (gum massage, electrophoresis, paraffin therapy, etc.).
Greetings, dear site visitors. Many of you know that a disease such as catarrhal gingivitis is very common in dentistry. It is not uncommon for patients with similar symptoms They visit dentists more regularly than they would like. Considering how many bacteria live in the mouth of any person, it is not surprising that at times they can create certain problems for us. Not all microorganisms that live on teeth, gums, and mucous membranes are harmless. They constantly multiply and come from the outside (from dirty hands, objects that we put in our mouths).
What are we dealing with?
Catarrhal gingivitis is one of the most common forms of gingivitis. Like many other diseases, it occurs in acute or chronic forms. The acute form usually affects children, adolescents, and people under the age of 30-35 years. After this period, chronic gingivitis is more common.
If you think that the cause of the disease is solely poor oral hygiene, then this is not so.
The etiology of catarrhal gingivitis is well studied. Sometimes this disease can be a consequence of other disorders in the body. Including diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, heart, disorders of the immune system, etc. Even some problems with hormones can lead to such manifestations.
But these reasons are general. Local ones are associated with tartar and heavy plaque, which was not removed in a timely manner. May also influence malocclusion, correction means that are not suitable for a particular patient (). Even the dentist who performs prosthetic procedures or installs dental fillings may be at fault.
There are also risk factors including diabetes, smoking, transferred infectious diseases(flu, sore throat, tuberculosis infection), immunodeficiency conditions, including AIDS. Also, similar manifestations occur with heavy metal poisoning. It is also worth paying attention to the amount of vitamin C in the patient’s diet. Some people have this reaction to use oral contraceptives. The body is unpredictable; you can never guess how it will behave in a given situation.
Forms and manifestations
The acute form appears suddenly for the patient and has a clear severe symptoms, thanks to the presence of which he begins to take some action to eliminate the problem.
If a person stubbornly refuses to treat gingivitis, the disease develops into chronic form and can appear at any time.
Catarrhal gingivitis can be small in scale - a small area of the gum is affected. Then it is called localized. If the inflammation covers the gum completely, this is already generalized gingivitis of the catarrhal type.
There are only three degrees of severity.
- In the initial (mild) stage, the periodontal papilla is affected. It increases in size, pain and redness appear.
- With moderate severity, the inflammation covers the free area of the gum.
- In severe cases, the alveolar part.
Catarrhal gingivitis - manifestations in childhood
For parents, any child's problems always seem more serious than they actually are. However, the phenomenon of catarrhal gingivitis in children should not be underestimated either. Firstly, gum inflammation is always unsafe. Secondly, the presence of such a process may indicate other problems in the body or the oral cavity in particular.
It is important to find the source of the problem. After all, inflammatory manifestations are just the tip of the iceberg.
The disease affects children aged 2 years and older. In most cases, these children do not remove plaque from the surface of their teeth well, which provokes the growth of bacteria. Children also put dirty hands into their mouths, which often leads to infections.
Catarrhal gingivitis in children
For inflammation of the gums to form, it is enough not to remove plaque from the teeth for 1.5-2 days. This leads to rapid spread anaerobic bacteria, which, in turn, provoke the appearance of an inflammatory process. Problems are also caused by malocclusion, crowded teeth, edentia, caries, and gum injuries. By the way, injure soft fabrics This can happen if you haven't cleaned it properly or if the bristles are too hard.
Another factor that should definitely be taken into account when diagnosing is both milk and first permanent ones.
Often the cause is poorly processed filling edges. If they block the interdental spaces, interfering with normal oral hygiene, this can lead to inflammatory manifestations in the gum area between the filled teeth.
Also, with advanced stomatitis in a child, catarrhal gingivitis becomes a consequence of the fact that the parents of the young patient ignored the need for timely consultation with a doctor or at least the simplest procedures with soda, chlorhexidine and other available means.
If children eat hot or spicy foods, this can cause discomfort and even pain in the gums. They may itch and bleed noticeably. Usually there is an unpleasant odor from the mouth. The patient does not taste food correctly.
Video - Forms of gingivitis in children
Preventive measures
What should you do or not do to avoid such problems? First of all, don't forget to brush your teeth. If you have a stone, contact a specialist to remove it. The sooner you do this, the better.
Treatment methods for adults and children
Let's move on to the next question, when it's too late to drink Borjomi. That is, the patient did not carry out prevention and it is necessary to deal with existing causes and consequences.
U different people Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis is far from the same. First, you need to individually determine the cause.
If there are caries, defects in the lips, tongue frenulum, bite, which lead to problems, they need to be eliminated, so as not to bother with relapses later.
It is also worth checking whether everything is in order with the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, and immunity. May need complex treatment. Often, in addition to the dentist, you have to visit a gastroenterologist, ENT specialist, allergist, etc.
Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis in children
When you visit a dentist, he will remove plaque and tartar and check your teeth for carious lesions. The fewer such prerequisites for the development of infections in the mouth, the better. The next stage is the use of antiseptics. It could be like pharmaceutical drug like chlorhexidine and medicinal herbs(mint, chamomile, sage, eucalyptus). Gels are used (, Cholisal, etc.).
- Children may be prescribed ultraviolet irradiation or electrophoresis.
- The diet is also adjusted (minimum carbohydrates, more vegetables and fruits).
- Courses of taking vitamins are used.
| Photo | Recommendations |
|---|---|
 | Prevent the disease from progressing to acute stage. Treat chronic diseases |
 | Once every six months, remove plaque using professional cleaning oral cavity |
 | Support immune system body by healthy image life. Take a vitamin complex |
 | To avoid damaging your gums and leaving food residue in your mouth, you need to brush your teeth with a medium-hard brush. |
 | Properly use cleaning devices such as floss or irrigators |
 | Regular visits to the dentist will lead to timely detection of inflammatory processes and stop their development |
 | Choose a paste on the advice of your dentist. He will be able to choose the right one for you necessary component in toothpaste: fluoride, calcium, etc. |
In the fight against the manifestations of catarrhal gingivitis, therapy using drugs can be used local action, including solutions of resorcinol or zinc chloride. Applications to the affected areas can also be used. Aspirin, butadione and methyluracil ointments are effective for them. Chlorophyllipt, Romazulon and other agents are also used.
Does it help? Very individual. For some people, it is enough to remove plaque and stone, rinse their mouth for a couple of days, and everything goes away. To get the same result, another person needs to spend a lot of time and money on restoring immunity in the mouth, eliminating external manifestations, fight against infections, etc. Therefore, do not forget about preventive measures so that you don’t have to suffer with long-term treatment later.
Video - Types and forms of gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis is an inflammatory process of the gums, localized in the periodontal tissues (periodontal tissue) and affecting only soft tissues, while the integrity of the connection between the gum and tooth is not compromised.
Children and adolescents are most susceptible to catarrhal gingivitis; with age, the risk of the disease decreases or becomes more complex. The course of the disease, depending on the pathogen, can be either acute or chronic.
Causes of catarrhal gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis appears under the influence of either local or systemic factors. Among the local ones, the following can be distinguished: poor oral hygiene, especially in cases where there are deposits on the surface of the tooth in the form of plaque or stones, dental intervention associated with dental prosthetics, filling or orthodontic treatment, dislocation or fracture of the tooth crown, malocclusion, non-standard arrangement of the lips, abnormal attachment of the frenulum of the tongue, small vestibule, individual structure of the jaw, when the teeth are crowded and incorrectly positioned. In children possible reason The onset of the disease is the process of teething, and after the tooth crown comes out of the gums, the inflammation subsides.
In the etiology of catarrhal gingivitis, certain common factors, the impact of which can affect the development of the disease. One of them is failures in hormonal system, for example, the period of restructuring of the body: adolescence, pregnancy, menopause, impaired work thyroid gland, reception hormonal drugs, as well as the presence bad habits(smoking). Patients suffering from diabetes and leukemia are at risk and are easily susceptible to catarrhal gingivitis. The disease can develop against the background viral infections, weakening all the protective functions of the body. Catarrhal gingivitis can be provoked by intoxication with heavy metals, iodine or fluorine.
Patients undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy, are also at risk. Thus, any disorder in the body - chronic or acquired - reduces the protective function of the gums, which allows the development of catarrhal gingivitis. Microorganisms living in the oral cavity, in the presence of any deposits in the form of stones or plaque, begin to maximally produce toxic substances that have a detrimental effect on weakened gums, which causes a pathological process. As a result, inflammation from small areas gradually spreads to the entire gum area and its immobile part, after which the full clinical picture of the development of catarrhal gingivitis is already visible.
Classification of catarrhal gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis is classified according to the severity of the disease, form and location. Disease various forms and the stages do not begin suddenly, but progress, passing from one type to another. The following forms of catarrhal gingivitis are distinguished:
- acute catarrhal gingivitis (is a consequence of intoxication of the body, may appear as a result of previous viral disease- influenza or acute respiratory infections - against a background of weakened immunity, most often diagnosed in the spring and autumn periods);
- chronic catarrhal gingivitis (is a consequence of acute gingivitis or may precede it);
Catarrhal gingivitis has main types of localization - local and general:
- localized catarrhal gingivitis affects the gums within one or two teeth;
- generalized catarrhal gingivitis affects the entire gum.
Catarrhal gingivitis also varies in severity of the disease:
- mild degree - damage to the gum papillae;
- medium degree - damage to the part of the gum adjacent to the neck of the tooth;
- severe degree - damage to the entire gum, including the immobile part.
Symptoms of catarrhal gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis of acute form manifests itself various symptoms that cause discomfort to the patient; when the disease occurs, pain syndrome And discomfort. Among the main symptoms of acute catarrhal gingivitis are the following:
- Feeling of acute pain.
- Periodic or constant feeling burning sensation in the affected area.
- Presence of itching in the gums.
- The appearance of swelling near the lesions.
- Bleeding gums.
- The mucous membrane of the gums has pronounced redness.
- Significant increase in the size of the gingival papillae;
- Presence of soft plaque.
- Increased body temperature.
- Deterioration of general condition.
If during self-diagnosis the patient has detected one or more symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to urgently consult a dentist. If treatment is not timely, the disease will go from an acute form to a chronic form, which has less pronounced symptoms. In addition to the main symptoms of the acute form of catarrhal gingivitis, the patient will feel discomfort during hygiene procedures for cleaning the mouth and eating. The main symptoms of chronic catarrhal gingivitis are the following:
- Pain syndrome.
- A burning and itching sensation when touching the gums.
- Thickening and compaction of the gum edge.
- Loose adherence of the gum papillae to the teeth.
- Changes in the color and size of the gum papillae.
- Blue color of gums, overflowing with blood.
- Bad breath.
Often, chronic catarrhal gingivitis is discovered during a routine dental examination or during a period when the disease begins to worsen.
Diagnosis of catarrhal gingivitis
Diagnosing catarrhal gingivitis is not particularly difficult for a dentist or therapist. To establish a diagnosis, the patient is interviewed and the oral cavity is examined. During this process, the doctor can determine whether the infection is bacterial or viral. In order to identify the type of bacteria that provoked the occurrence of catarrhal gingivitis, scraping from the affected areas is prescribed.
Besides general diagnostics To determine the form of gingivitis, differential diagnosis is used to help distinguish between catarrhal, hypertrophic and chronic gingivitis, since they all have a similar clinical picture manifestations: bleeding gums, painful sensations and redness of the gums.
Diagnosis using dental instruments involves probing the gum pockets. This allows you to determine pathologies of tooth mobility. For the purpose of assessing the integrity bone tissue of immobile processes, an x-ray is prescribed.
Also, for an accurate diagnosis, patients are shown general analysis blood and indexing of microbes and bleeding is carried out. These studies make it possible to accurately prescribe treatment and determine the course of the disease.
Treatment of catarrhal gingivitis
To eliminate catarrhal gingivitis, the doctor prescribes therapeutic treatment. It is aimed at getting rid of harmful microflora of the oral cavity, which is the primary cause of the disease. In addition, it is necessary to eliminate general and local factors against which the pathogenic process may begin or continue.
You can achieve the desired results with local treatment, which includes cleaning the oral cavity at a professional level. The complex of therapy also involves orthodontic treatment, characterized by the replacement of previously installed fillings, modification and reinstallation of prostheses or implants. It is also important to completely cure tooth decay.
Local treatment of catarrhal gingivitis consists of rinsing the mouth with antiseptic solutions, applications medicines on the affected areas of the gums, gum massage, the use of electrophoresis and paraffin therapy.
General treatment of catarrhal gingivitis is carried out with the help of medications, the use of which relieves inflammation, gives an analgesic effect, and improves immunity. Often general treatment illness includes taking antibiotics.
Depending on the cause of catarrhal gingivitis, for example, allergies, viral diseases, various infections and others, treatment is carried out in conjunction with other specialized specialists: endocrinologists, immunologists, gastroenterologists.
The prognosis for the treatment of catarrhal gingivitis will be favorable only if the patient promptly notices discomfort in the oral cavity and contacts a specialist to undergo a full examination by a dentist, and also completes the prescribed course of treatment. If acute catarrhal gingivitis is not treated in time, there is a high risk that the disease will become chronic, which is much more difficult to cure. In some cases, the disease can cause the development of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis.
Prevention of the disease consists of correct, timely and regular oral hygiene. To do this, you need to consult a dentist, who will tell you how and when to brush your teeth, and also help you choose the right ones. toothbrush and pasta. It is important to pass preventive examination see a specialist twice a year.
Anyone can experience gum disease. Patients often develop chronic catarrhal gingivitis (in ICD-10, the disease code is indicated as K05.1). For this there is great amount reasons. However, most often this pathology is caused by non-compliance with hygiene procedures and Not timely treatment milder diseases.
This leads to the development of a chronic form of pathology. It is also worth noting that people under the age of 30 are most susceptible to this disease. Therefore, it will be useful for the younger generation to learn the main signs of this pathology, so as not to get chronic catarrhal gingivitis in their medical history. Also worth considering preventive measures and diagnostic method.
Reasons for appearance
Most often, pathology is caused by the fact that a person does not take good care of the condition of his teeth and oral cavity. If this is added to the lack of timely treatment, then in this case the disease begins to move from mild stage into a chronic form.
Also, many people have a problem with plaque, which appears in the place where the gums adhere to the crowns of the teeth. This is the area where bacteria most often feed and multiply. If you brush your teeth poorly, then food debris will be trapped in the small cavities between them and the gums, which quickly begin to rot. This is a very favorable environment for the rapid development of harmful microbes.
In addition, plaque in this area can accumulate not only due to insufficient hygiene, but also against the background of the fact that there has been a change in the composition or volume of saliva that a person secretes.
Also, chronic catarrhal gingivitis can be caused by pathologies associated with bite, decreased levels of protective functions body, wearing orthopedic or orthodontic structures. In this case, an imbalance occurs in the pathogenic flora and on the soft tissues of the periodontium. For this reason, microorganisms very quickly begin to spread throughout the oral cavity, which leads to inflammatory reaction gums As a result, a person is found Clinical signs chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Catarrhal gingivitis begins to form in several stages. First, a soft plaque accumulates. Bacteria begin to develop and gradually penetrate the gum tissue, which causes inflammatory processes. Because of this, the periodontal pocket expands and becomes deeper. Severe swelling appears, dental ligaments weaken.
All this leads to disruption of the nutrition of gum tissue. The blood supply to the capillaries is also disrupted. They get a lot less nutrients. Against this background, a weakening is developing local immunity, due to which the pathogenic flora receives all the necessary conditions for further development. Therefore, a person should be wary of red gums and obvious inflammatory processes that are visible to the naked eye. However, you should not treat yourself this pathology. It is best to contact a specialist.
Symptoms
If we talk about the signs of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, then, as a rule, they are very pronounced, so diagnosis is very quick and easy. Most often, patients complain about:
- The appearance of unpleasant itching in the area of inflammation.
- Bleeding of tissues when brushing teeth or eating solid foods.
- The appearance of causeless bleeding in the morning.
- Availability increased amount dental stones.
- Appearance unpleasant odor from mouth.
As a rule, such inflammations more often affect young children and young people. Wherein pathological processes against the background of chronic catarrhal gingivitis develop very slowly, and the symptoms are less pronounced, and general condition This does not affect the body in any way.
Reveal development of this disease possible during a self-examination of the oral cavity. It is recommended to consult a specialist if a large number of dental deposits of mineralized and non-mineralized types. In addition, red gums that are inflamed indicate problems. Also, in some situations, the disease is characterized by bleeding when pressing on soft tissue.
Many people believe that it is best to take an x-ray in such a situation, but this type of examination is not considered informative. This is explained by the fact that when gingivitis occurs, destruction of bone tissue occurs in rare cases.
Acute stage of pathology
At the initial stages, chronic catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by subtle signs of inflammatory processes. Gradually, the gums become bright red. The mucous membrane begins to swell, and when you touch the gums, bloody streaks appear.
If we are talking about acute catarrhal gingivitis, then in this case the inflammatory process also spreads to the so-called gingival papillae. If the pathology enters the middle stage acute development, then in this case the inflammation begins to spread to the marginal gum. In severe forms, inflammatory processes occur throughout the entire mucous membrane, which is located in the human oral cavity. However, the lesions do not involve the palate and cheeks.
Exacerbation
More often sharp deterioration well-being occurs in autumn or spring. This is explained by the fact that almost everything chronic pathologies during this period of time they begin to manifest themselves much more strongly. At the same time, patients complain that they experience stronger discomfort in the gum area. Also, some people experience a taste of blood in their mouth, and the sensitivity of tissues increases, which can react sharply to changes. temperature conditions, too hard food and other factors.
If we talk about medical research, then most often in chronic catarrhal and adults the following is additionally discovered:
- Congestive hyperemia of the mucous membranes.
- Bleeding on light probing.
- Darkening and bluish discoloration of soft tissues.
- Thickening of the gums.
- The appearance of pronounced plaque on the teeth.
If a person does not seek help from a dentist in a timely manner, then the disease gradually becomes less pronounced. However, sooner or later remission will occur. Many people claim that after the pathology disappears, it returns again. However, this is explained by the fact that destruction of soft tissues occurred due to the development of infection, which is why pathological ones remain. Therefore, it is worth contacting a specialist to avoid complications.
Chronic catarrhal gingivitis: differential diagnosis
First of all, specialists carefully study the information provided by the patient. After this is carried out instrumental examination oral cavity, making the picture more sensitive. As a rule, an experienced specialist does not require additional research to make a diagnosis. It is enough to clarify the symptoms and pay attention to the condition of the oral cavity
If additional research are still required, then probing of the gingival pockets is performed. In this case, the doctor can determine the pathological mobility of the teeth.
An X-ray examination is necessary only if the specialist suspects that the integrity of the bone tissue has been affected. After the doctor makes a diagnosis, it is necessary to immediately proceed to treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Therapeutic measures
There are several stages of treatment that help get rid of this pathology. First of all, professional cleaning of the oral cavity is carried out. This removes mineralized and non-mineralized dental plaque.
It is also necessary to remove stones and plaque that has appeared. After this, polishing is carried out and a special paste is applied. This mandatory event, as small inclusions of stones may remain on the teeth. After this, the patient is recommended to rinse for gingivitis and use special baths with "Chlorhexidine." Typically the duration of this treatment is 10 days. After severe symptoms have been relieved and the person’s condition has returned to normal, it is necessary to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures.
Features of treatment of complex forms
In this situation, it is also carried out antiseptic treatment and rinsing the gums with chlorhexidine. Additionally, a specialist may prescribe specialized antiseptic toothpastes or treat damaged tissues with furatsilin.
It would be useful to apply bandages with ointments that have an anti-inflammatory effect. Propolis applications are also effective. If we are talking about severe course diseases, then in this case vitamins, antibiotics, electrophoresis may be required, nonsteroidal therapy. Hydrotherapy and an ultrasound method for improving the condition of teeth will also be useful.
Features of the treatment of acute gingivitis
If the pathology actively accelerates and begins to develop at a rapid pace even after the stones have been removed from the teeth, then in this case it is necessary to stop the form of the disease.
This means that, in addition to standard procedures, it is necessary to perform a complete sanitation of the oral cavity, replace fillings, dentures, and other dental structures, cure caries, get rid of abnormalities in the structure of the teeth, and correct the bite.
Prevention
To avoid treating gingivitis at home or visiting a specialist once again, it is necessary to monitor oral hygiene every day. When brushing your teeth, you need to get rid of plaque. That's why this procedure Self-care shouldn't take a few seconds. It is better to be attentive to your body.
After each procedure, a number of activities must be performed. Recommended to use dental floss, which helps remove stuck food pieces. It would also be a good idea to use special antiseptics, with which you need to rinse your mouth.
If a person has any unpleasant symptoms, you definitely need to contact a specialist. The same must be done if an injury to the oral cavity occurs.
Possible complications
Regardless of the form of this pathology, Negative influence affects the mobility and stability of teeth. If treatment is not carried out, there is a high probability that the teeth will begin to loosen.
In addition, inflammatory processes in the oral cavity can lead to the development of periodontitis, ulcerative gingivitis, periodontitis and other ailments. Often, as a result of the disease, an abscess of the gums or bone material of the jaw develops. Therefore, it is better not to take unnecessary risks.
Treatment of gingivitis at home with folk remedies
In the fight against this pathology, decoctions of chamomile, eucalyptus, oak, St. John's wort, sage and other herbs are most effective. You should also start rinsing your mouth with honey or propolis. If these components are not on hand, you can use soda and salt.
You should also start taking vitamin C in kind. Most of this component is found in oranges, lemons, pineapples and kiwis. Some people also lubricate their gums with oil. tea tree. In addition, grapefruit is suitable for such procedures. However, it is important that a person is not allergic to one or another medicinal component.
Serous inflammation of gum tissue is a common oral disease.
Children and adults under thirty years of age are more susceptible to it; in older people it occurs less frequently, usually as chronic. According to statistics, men get it more often than women.
The causes of catarrhal gingivitis are the formation of microbial plaques on the part of the teeth adjacent to the gums.
This happens due to:
- Improper or insufficient oral hygiene;
- Violations of the self-cleaning mechanism of teeth;
- Reducing the amount of saliva, drying the mouth;
- Mouth breathing;
- Open carious cavities in the teeth;
- High carbohydrate diet, including indulgence in sweets.
Microorganisms from the plaque produce toxins, to the presence of which the soft gum tissues react with inflammation.
In addition, the etiology of catarrhal gingivitis includes such local factors as:
- Increased acidity of the oral cavity;
- Complicated teething, malocclusion;
- Poor quality fillings, prosthetics, installation of orthodontic structures;
- Smoking or chewing tobacco;
- Injuries to teeth and gums.
Pathogenesis is also influenced by systemic causes that cause a decline in immunity:
- Various infectious diseases, from ARVI to syphilis;
- Functional disorders endocrine system, diabetes mellitus, hormonal imbalances;
- Malfunctions of the digestive tract;
- Pathologies of the cardiovascular system.
Classification and stages of occurrence
According to the course of the disease, catarrhal gingivitis is divided into acute and chronic:
- Acute catarrhal gingivitis manifests itself and develops quickly. At adequate therapy it also heals quickly, leaving no consequences for the body;
- The chronic course is undulating, periods of exacerbation are interspersed with remission, when the symptoms are less noticeable.
There are three degrees of severity, or stages of disease development:
- Mild, in which only the interdental papillae become inflamed;
- Middle, covering the outer and adjacent parts of the gums;
- Severe, in which the underlying periodontal tissues are affected.
According to the degree of distribution, catarrhal gingivitis is divided into localized and generalized.
When localized, the area of one or more adjacent teeth is affected.
In generalized cases, the gums of one or both jaws become completely inflamed.
Generalized catarrhal gingivitis is often a consequence of systemic infections or malfunctions of the body.
ICD 10 code ( international classification diseases of the tenth edition) - K05.9, for the acute form, K05.10 - for the chronic form.
Symptoms and signs
At acute form Gum inflammation is typical:
- Swelling in the affected area, interdental papillae acquire a dome-shaped shape;
- Bleeding gums;
- Pain that worsens when touching foreign objects;
- The enamel of the teeth is covered with a yellowish or gray coating.
With severe gingivitis, in some cases, the temperature rises and general health worsens.
Clinical symptoms of the chronic form of the disease:
- The gums thicken and become bluish in color;
- The interdental papillae become red, increase in volume, and peel off from the teeth;
- Bleeding occurs from the slightest irritants, there is a taste of blood in the mouth;
- Unpleasant smell.
During an exacerbation, symptoms intensify.
How is the disease diagnosed?
The diagnosis is made by a dentist during examination, based on external signs.
To determine the extent of the disease, determine dental indices the amount of microbial plaque, the intensity of inflammation and the level of bleeding.
If necessary, studies such as:
- Rheoparodontography, the study of pulsations of the electrical resistance of the gums, allows one to assess the tone of the gum vessels;
- Orthopantomography, to determine the presence of bone lesions;
- Vital microscopy;
- Biopsy followed by morphological examination of samples.
When conducting differential diagnosis acute catarrhal gingivitis is differentiated from hypertrophic gingivitis, mild hypertrophic periodontitis.
The catarrhal type is characterized by manifestations of various intraoral dermatoses.
Treatment method
The primary task in treatment is to remove the cause of the disease - plaque deposits. Professional cleaning is followed by polishing.
Polished teeth look more aesthetically pleasing and are less susceptible to the formation of biofilm from microorganisms and bacterial plaques.
Do not clean when local treatment chronic catarrhal gingivitis in the acute phase until the symptoms of inflammation are relieved, due to the high trauma and pain of the affected gums.
In addition to cleaning, you should deal with other local factors that provoked gum inflammation.
Problematic fillings and dentures are replaced, and, if necessary, teeth affected by caries and stomatitis are treated.
Sanitation of the oral cavity is followed by teaching the patient the correct methods of brushing teeth.
It is important to choose the right toothbrush and dental brush for hard to reach places, irrigator, dental floss. The patient is recommended minimally traumatic, non-irritating sore gums diet.
At mild degree gingivitis, the listed measures are often enough for the body to cope with the disease. If you skip this stage, the inflammation in the oral cavity will slow down the treatment.
More severe degrees diseases require drug treatment.
The following methods are used:
- Mouth rinse antiseptic solution, furatsilina;
- Decoctions of herbs: St. John's wort, yarrow, chamomile and others.
- For severe pain, painkillers and topical anesthesia are used.
- Physiotherapeutic procedures: UHF therapy, electrophoresis, gum massage.
To hold the composition on the area of inflammation, gum bandages, mouth guards, and dental films are used.
For chronic or severe gum inflammation, antibiotics are prescribed. If their use is impossible for some reason, non-steroidal antimicrobial drugs are used.
If gingivitis is a symptom of a systemic disorder, then its treatment is also required, which will require consultation with a doctor of the appropriate specialization.
After completion of treatment, it is individually selected toothpaste and rinse aid. To consolidate the results of therapy, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory pastes are used.
You should avoid red-colored pastes that can mask bleeding.
Possible consequences and prevention
If left untreated and ignored, the disease becomes chronic - a much more serious ulcerative-necrotizing gingivitis or periodontitis.
If you seek the help of a doctor in time, the disease goes away without consequences for the body.
To prevent gingivitis, you should carefully maintain oral hygiene, preventing the appearance of plaque and its transformation into tartar, and if tartar does form, resort to professional teeth cleaning at a dental clinic.
High-quality, timely treatment of teeth affected by caries is necessary. Since gingivitis can occur due to injury, you should be wary of traumatic situations.
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