Aphthous stomatitis- a kind of common inflammation of the mucous membrane oral cavity accompanied by the appearance of aphthae, i.e., small ulcers white with a red border, which are in the shape of a circle or an oval (can occur singly or appear in a large number). The main symptoms of the disease are discomfort in the form of pain and burning, aggravated by eating. Neoplasms heal in about ten days, leaving no traces behind, only some types of ailment can provoke scars.
Aphthous stomatitis in children and adults affects the upper palate, tongue, lips and cheeks from the inside, often rashes affect the tongue. The treatment of such an ailment depends on the patient's age, the state of immunity, the form of the disease, the causes of its occurrence and is selected individually for each patient.
It is possible to completely cure ordinary aphthous stomatitis, but not its chronic form - in this case, a long period of retreat and changes in the intensity of symptoms will be considered a success in therapy. Treatment consists of a complex of remedies - from drugs to therapy folk remedies at home (but only adults can be treated in this way, and it is prohibited - children under three years old). If treatment is not started on time, the disease can take the form of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
It is possible to become infected with this ailment only when a healthy person uses the same household items as a sick person.
Etiology
Doctors have not been able to fully study the nature of the onset of such a disease, but it turned out to be possible to accurately determine some of the factors contributing to this. So, the main causes of aphthous stomatitis in children and adults are:
- hereditary predisposition;
- various infectious processes in the body;
- gastrointestinal diseases;
- inappropriate nutrition, due to which a person does not receive enough vitamins and nutrients;
- exposure to allergens;
- prolonged exposure stressful situations;
- smoking and drinking alcohol;
- eating unwashed fruits and vegetables;
- unintentional damage to the oral mucosa, for example, by a child while sleeping or eating;
- the consequences of installing braces;
- burning food to the mouth, or chemicals;
- menstrual cycle;
- pregnancy;
- blood diseases;
- change of climatic conditions of residence;
- the ingestion of infectious agents into the child's body through dirty toys, objects or hands that babies love to put in their mouths.
Aphthous stomatitis in children is diagnosed much more often than in adults, who mainly have a chronic form of the disease. The most susceptible to it are adults from twenty to forty years.
Varieties
In addition to chronic aphthous stomatitis, the disease can be:
- fibrinous- neoplasms on the mucous membrane take on a gray tint. They pass on their own after a few weeks. At chronic form appear before three times per year, and without proper treatment are formed on an ongoing basis;
- necrotic- the main reason for the appearance is inflammatory or infectious diseases... This type of ailment is characterized by the death of cells in the oral mucosa. Aphthae do not cause discomfort to a person, but over time they increase in size, which complicates the healing process, which can last for several months;
- grandular- in which they are amazed salivary glands... The neoplasms are quite painful, and after therapy there is a high likelihood of relapse;
- scarring- manifested aphthae, increasing in size (can reach more than one centimeter), and after elimination, large, well-visible scars are left on the mucous membrane. Healing is long, takes more three months;
- deforming- one of the most severe forms of the disease. The ulcers are so large that they leave behind large scars that can change the structure of the oral mucosa. The healing process is slow and lengthy;
- herpetic- most often affects infants, they can be born with such an ailment, having become infected from a mother who does not have immunity to the virus. Aphthae appear as small vesicles. Their number can reach thirty pieces. The mucous membrane acquires a red tint and is severely inflamed. In a small child, the ailment may be accompanied by fever and damage to the membranes of the eyes and skin;
- recurrent aphthous stomatitis- often occurs in adults, children get sick with it very rarely. For aft, it is characteristic of merging with each other, which is why ulcers are formed. big size covered with a white coating, outlined with a red outline (bother the patient when talking, laughing, eating food);
- sharp- occurs mainly in children under three years of age and often accompanies this age group illness -, etc. Accompanied by an increase in temperature and bad breath;
- mixed- The most common is chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis. It is diagnosed in children over four years old and is accompanied by a burning sensation and intense pain in the mouth. Aphthae very often recur, causing discomfort. The older the child becomes, the more pronounced the signs of the disease will be, and the number of aft will increase, as a result of which healing will take longer each time.
Symptoms
As mentioned above, the symptoms of the disease completely depend on the form of aphthous stomatitis. Thus, for the acute form of the course of the disease, the following are characteristic:
- severe headaches;
- ... When trying to feel them, the child feels severe pain;
- a sharp increase in body temperature;
- fetid odor from the mouth;
- followed by diarrhea.
Symptoms of herpetic aphthous stomatitis are:
- intense fever (typical for young children and babies);
- pain haunts the child even at night;
- decreases or completely disappears appetite, due to increased intensity unpleasant sensations while eating or breastfeeding.
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis will be expressed by the following symptoms:
- sleep disturbance;
- severe irritability and restlessness of the child;
- decreased appetite;
- inflammation of the lymph nodes;
- increased saliva production;
- bouts of vomiting;
- the appearance of irritation in the corners of the mouth.
The older the child is, the stronger the symptoms will appear.
In addition, absolutely any type of disease is accompanied by general weakness and malaise, as well as signs of a concomitant ailment. At the first symptoms of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor and not use folk remedies at home.
Diagnostics
Aphthous stomatitis is diagnosed by a dentist, in case of a child's illness - by a pediatric dentist. The final diagnosis will not be difficult for an experienced specialist, since the disease is characteristic only for her outward manifestations... To determine the cause of the disease, the doctor may prescribe and.
Treatment
Basically, the treatment of aphthous stomatitis is carried out in stationary conditions(both children and adult patients). Therapy of the disease consists of a whole complex of agents that are selected individually for each patient, and depends on the severity of the ongoing form and the intensity of the manifestation of symptoms.
In most cases, stomatitis is treated with hydrogen peroxide, furacilin, and chlorhexidine. In the presence of pain use a mixture of glycerin and lidocaine (or novocaine). If there is allergic factor, then antiallergens are prescribed. In addition, the patient is prescribed a vitamin complex, with high content vitamins of group B and C.
An important role in the treatment is played by physiotherapy - electrophoresis and laser therapy... If not treated, aphthae in adults and children will go away on their own in a few weeks, only this entails the formation of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
In addition, it is possible to treat aphthous stomatitis independently at home. These therapies include recipes from:
- chamomile - rinsing with broth will relieve pain and inflammation;
- burdock seeds, from which it is necessary to prepare an ointment;
- mint, chamomile, fennel. Such an infusion may well replace antibiotics;
- oak bark;
- mint, chamomile, paprika and alcohol make a solution, which daily cauterize neoplasms on the oral mucosa;
- cabbage juice diluted with water;
- aloe leaves and parsley, which can be chewed to prevent the spread of infection;
- fresh carrot, but do not take inside, but rinse.
It must be remembered that the treatment of stomatitis in adults and children should not consist only of therapy at home, and before using such remedies, it is necessary to consult a doctor. In no case should you treat aphthous stomatitis in children under three years of age with folk methods.
Prophylaxis
Preventive measures for aphthous stomatitis include:
- proper oral hygiene. Adults should help guide this procedure the child or be present with her;
- make sure that the baby's hands are always washed;
- eat only clean foods;
- timely treatment of infection and inflammatory diseases;
- strengthening immunity and rationalizing nutrition (consume a lot of vitamins);
- give up smoking and consumption of alcoholic beverages. Adults need to protect the child from tobacco smoke and refrain from smoking in the room where he is;
- carry out ARVI prevention at home;
- regular visits to the dentist (every three months).
Is everything in the article correct from a medical point of view?
Only answer if you have proven medical knowledge
To the most frequent illnesses of a dental nature include aphthous stomatitis, which is characterized by the onset of an inflammatory process in the mouth (on the gums, lip, palate, etc.). As shown special studies, aphthous stomatitis occurs in people with weak immune systems. Inflammation in the mouth can also be a symptom of concomitant diseases.
Previously, stomatitis was considered an exclusively childhood ailment, and adults practically did not get sick with it. However, aphthous stomatitis is more common in adults today.
Causes of the disease
The etiology of the onset of aphthous stomatitis is not fully understood. A number of factors contribute to its appearance:
- The most common and explainable cause of stomatitis is a decrease in immunity. The pathogen located in the patient's saliva is not recognized by the immune system, as a result, the patient's mouth mucosa is affected by bednar's aphthae.
- Often, the causative agent of aphthous stomatitis is any virus - flu, measles, herpes.
- The cause of this form of the disease may be a hereditary predisposition. Studies have shown that in a third of the sick population, at least one parent suffered from such stomatitis.
- Gastrointestinal problems and dental diseases may well cause stomatitis. It is necessary to conduct full examination not only the gastrointestinal tract, but also other systems in the body.
- The cause of aphthous stomatitis is mechanical damage tongue or oral mucosa - biting while eating, burns with hot drinks, etc.
- Patients prone to nervous disorders are also at risk of developing aphthous stomatitis, since the disease often manifests itself precisely after severe stress.
Stomatitis: symptoms and first signs
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The first sign of stomatitis, including herpetic form, is discomfort in the oral cavity, which is accompanied by burning, itching, swelling of the mucous membrane and its bleeding. Further, characteristic ulcers join everything, which can capture both limited areas of the mucous tissue and the entire mouth. As for the generalized form of the disease, it involves the appearance of symptoms such as a sharp increase in body temperature, weakness, difficulty eating.
The presence of aphthous stomatitis is judged by the following specific features:
- the appearance of severe dryness in the oral cavity, noticeable redness of the mucous membrane (we recommend that you read:);
- swelling of the tongue and its obvious redness;
- bad smell from the mouth (we recommend to read:);
- the appearance in the oral cavity of frequent aphthous ulcers in different parts of it;
- swelling and aphthae on the gums requiring treatment.
A person who is faced with stomatitis in aphthous form loses his appetite because the food seems tasteless. Moreover, with the appearance of edema and ulcers in the mouth, food intake is often accompanied by strong and unpleasant pain sensations (we recommend reading :).
If stomatitis in aphthous form is not treated immediately after the first symptoms appear, the inflammatory process will worsen. Often aphthous ulcers appear on the corners of the lips, on the inside of the cheeks, palate and tonsils. To prevent the spread of the disease, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor. The sooner the treatment of aphthous stomatitis begins with the concomitant cure of the aphthae, the sooner the recovery will come.
Diagnostic methods
During the diagnosis of the disease, it is studied in detail medical card the patient for the presence of various kinds of chronic diseases, including episodes of stomatitis in the past.
Due to the fact that the disease has a lot of similar symptoms with diseases such as ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis, herpes at a recurrent stage, malignant tumors and others, one examination and questioning of the patient is not enough. For accurate diagnosis, additional laboratory research, spend and special analysis material from the affected area.
Features of aphthous stomatitis
Stomatitis occurs in both acute and chronic forms. Each of them has its own characteristics of manifestation, as well as treatment.
Manifestations of the acute form of the disease
It often happens that the symptoms of aphthous stomatitis go away on their own without any treatment within two weeks. However, this does not mean that the disease has passed irrevocably - an infection that was not treated on time still remains in the body and reappears when favorable factors develop for this (a drop in immunity, manifestation of chronic diseases).
Almost always untreated acute aphthous stomatitis has many complications, and also very quickly turns into a chronic form. It should be noted that chronic stomatitis cannot be completely cured (we recommend reading :).
Chronic stomatitis symptoms
When a person's immunity is greatly weakened, chronic aphthous stomatitis may appear in his body (we recommend reading :). Aphthous disease makes itself felt as a result of other factors, namely, the appearance different types diseases of an infectious nature.
Chronic stomatitis is not completely cured and, as a result of contributing factors, returns in the form of an exacerbation. Often, untreated acute stomatitis turns into this form.
Depending on how severe the disease is in a particular case, it can have and different periods exacerbations. If the disease proceeds in mild form, then it manifests itself no more than 1-2 times a year, mainly in the cold season. Medium form provides for the return of the disease every couple of months. As for severe forms of stomatitis, the course of the disease practically does not stop, while increasing the area of the lesion. This can be clearly seen in the photo.
Chronic stomatitis must be treated carefully. Otherwise, his symptoms will not allow him to live in peace for a long time.
Treatment of stomatitis in the mouth in adults
Therapy for the elimination of aphthous stomatitis in adults is selected depending on the stage of the disease and the degree of damage. For greater efficiency, treatment is carried out in stages. For these purposes, not only drugs are used, but also multiple folk recipes.
After the doctor diagnoses the patient, he prescribes a remedy with which it is necessary to rinse the mouth. It could be weak solution potassium permanganate or Furacilin. Often prescribed for the treatment of stomatitis antiviral agents, vitamin complexes, antihistamines and sedatives.
For the reason that aphthous stomatitis is often a consequence of other diseases, for it effective treatment it is necessary to get rid of them too. Otherwise, this disease may recur repeatedly.
Drug therapy
In order to cure this type of disease, it is often used as local preparations and medicines general action... Local treatment is necessary in order to eliminate all painful manifestations of the disease directly in the oral cavity.
To remove inflammation of the mucous membrane, as well as reduce pain, all kinds of rinsing with application antiseptic drugs... Such drugs include hydrogen peroxide, Chlorhexidine, Miramistin. To eliminate a severe pain syndrome, a remedy such as Proposol in the form of an aerosol is often used - with its help, it is necessary to carefully treat Bednar's aphthae.
As for general therapy, antihistamines and antiviral drugs are often prescribed. Sometimes antipyretic and pain relieving medications are used to treat herpetic stomatitis.
Physiotherapy
Traditional methods of treatment
Popular recipes can also give a good effectiveness in treating the disease. As antiseptic medicine use a decoction of chamomile to rinse the mouth.
Yarrow is often used to treat herpetic stomatitis. This plant is used as a tincture for washing the aft and the entire oral cavity. To do this, dry yarrow leaves are poured with boiling water and cooled, and then the mouth cavity is washed with broth.
As plants for decoction are used:
- calendula;
- sage;
- burdock root;
- St. John's wort;
- mint.
Prevention of stomatitis
As many years of practice have shown, the bulk of dental problems appear in those people who often neglected the rules of oral hygiene. That is why, in order to prevent aphthous stomatitis, it is recommended to brush your teeth on time, as well as rinse your mouth with antiseptic compounds.
Refusal to prevent the disease will help junk food containing a lot of sugar, salt, acid and spices. It will not hurt to give up all sorts of bad habits.
The main rule that must be adhered to during the prevention of the disease is timely treatment diseases of an infectious nature. Various vitamins, which are taken in courses several times a year, can also be of benefit.
Aphthous stomatitis is a type of common stomatitis characterized by damage to the oral mucosa. However, with aphthous stomatitis, white islets-ulcers appear in the mouth, with which the gums, palate, inner surface cheeks. In some cases, the infection in adults also spreads to the tonsils, the surface of the uvula.
This ailment is the most severe form of the disease, since in addition to the classic signs of stomatitis, patients suffer from severe pain in the area of occurrence of aphthae - they feel pain when swallowing, touching the aphthae with their tongue, while chewing food. Despite the fact that aphthous stomatitis mainly affects children, this disease also affects the oral cavity in adults.
What it is?
Aphthous stomatitis is a type of inflammation of the oral mucosa. The disease got its name because of the symptoms in the form of ulcers (aft) in the mouth. These manifestations are very painful, they can occur both singly and in large quantities.
Outwardly, the aphthae have an oval, often round shape, with clear pink or red borders. Such wounds can appear on the inside of the lips, tongue, palate, cheeks. The wounds are of different sizes from 3.5 mm and larger.
Causes of the disease
Among a large number there are various reasons that can cause the appearance and development of aphthous stomatitis infectious diseases, for example, herpes virus, some forms of staphylococci, measles, diphtheria, adenovirus, influenza, etc.
The peculiar catalysts and attendant factors of this state are:
- tendency to allergic reactions;
- disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract;
- burns of the oral mucosa;
- mechanical damage, for example, from a sharp edge of a tooth, rough food, or biting on the cheek;
- weakened immune forces of the body;
- lack of vitamins, namely B and C, as well as trace elements (zinc, selenium, iron, etc.);
- dysfunctional heredity;
- pathology of the oral cavity (pulpitis, dental deposits, caries, etc.).
Very often children suffer from it, and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis occurs in adults. In most cases, these are people between the ages of 20 and 40.
Symptoms
On the different stages development of symptoms of aphthous stomatitis are not the same (see photo). In the initial period, the disease is manifested by signs of ARVI:
- Weakness and malaise occur.
- Decreases appetite.
- The temperature rises to 38 ° C.
- The cervical and occipital lymph nodes are enlarged.
- Herpes localization points in the mouth become red and swollen.
As the pathology develops in the oral cavity, aphthae are formed - small separately located or grouped ulcers up to 5 mm in diameter. The edges of the ulcers are highlighted with a reddish tint with a gray tinge. External signs aphthous stomatitis are shown in the photo below.
The presence of defects in the mouth creates discomfort during conversation, eating, any movement of the tongue. The patient complains of increased salivation and the inability to fully perceive the taste of food.
See photos
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Subtypes of the disease
Based on the nature of the lesions of the mucous tissue in medicine, there are four subspecies of aphthous stomatitis:
| Glandular | The disease is painful. Lasts at least two weeks. Most often occurs after trauma to the mucous membrane in the mouth or salivary glands... An infectious disease can provoke a relapse. |
| Necrotic | It is mainly diagnosed in people with blood disorders. The course of the disease is painless. As a result of necrotic changes, the epithelium is destroyed. The duration of the disease is 2-5 weeks. |
| Deforming | This is the most severe form of aphthous stomatitis. The disease can affect the connective tissue so deeply that it deforms the palate. This is due to the formation of large, deep scars in the mouth. The healing of ulcers in this form of the disease requires a very long-term treatment. |
| Scarring | Differs in deep and extensive tissue damage in the mouth. Forms large erosion, the size of which can reach one and a half centimeters. Treatment is long-term, at least two months. Scars remain at the site of the healed ulcers. |
What kind of stomatitis develops in a patient can only be determined by a dentist. Sometimes for this purpose it is required to take a smear for analysis in order to determine the causative agent of the infection.
Aphthous stomatitis in children is often confused with the herpes virus. In contrast, aphthous ulcers in their initial stage look like a small red dot, in the place of which a bubble with a grayish-white head and a red rim first forms. When it breaks out, an ulcer forms. Ulcers can be a source of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. As part of general therapy, close attention should be paid to nutrition, excluding acidic foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, apples from the diet.
Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in children and adults consists in a set of measures, including local impact and general therapy, and the choice of certain drugs depends on the severity of the disease.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis is carried out at the dentist's appointment. A visual examination determines: the stage of stomatitis, lesions of the mucous membrane, the method of treatment. The patient is asked a number of questions - how long has the inflammation started, is there an increase in temperature, etc.
During the examination, the doctor looks at the structure of the aft, which are in the acute phase and do not tighten for 12-15 days. This could be a sign of cancer. For the accuracy of the diagnosis, tests are prescribed - blood, biopsy, bacterial culture. After receiving the results, treatment is prescribed.
See photos
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How to treat aphthous stomatitis?
For local treatment at home, antiseptic rinses and anti-inflammatory gels are prescribed. In adults, drugs can vary depending on the type and duration of aphthous stomatitis, an otolaryngologist or dentist will be able to give recommendations on the choice of drugs:
- Most often, Miramistin is prescribed in the form of a solution or spray, which is used to irrigate the oral cavity. It has antiseptic properties, fights mainly against the herpes virus, but nevertheless is suitable for the normalization of healthy microflora in the oral cavity.
- Anti-inflammatory ointments with anesthetic effect are often prescribed, due to the pain inherent in aphthous stomatitis. Among popular remedies- Kamistad, Clobetasol, Trasilol.
- Also, at the initial stage, Cholisal-gel is used. It is applied to dried affected areas after rinsing. The procedures must be carried out at least four times a day.
- For rinsing in case of a predisposition to allergies, a suspension of Diphenhydramine is used.
- Also popular anti-inflammatory and pain relieving ointments are Xicaine and Benzocaine. Treatment with such ointments should not be long-term, since there is a pronounced side effect. When using them, you must strictly adhere to the course.
- An effective remedy for the fight against aphthiasis is Stomatofit-A balm, which consists of medicinal plants and anesthetic... It is applied with a cotton swab directly to the sores. The drug works to reduce pain and inflammation.
- When signs of secondary infection appear, the use of antibacterial agents is recommended: Hexoral, Tantum Verde, Orasept.
- As soon as the ulcers resolve, it is worth continuing treatment with epithelizing agents that will restore the mucous membrane. Solcoseryl-gel is prescribed as such a drug.
How else can you help? With aphthous stomatitis, you must adhere to special diet, the main purpose of which is to reduce irritation of the oral mucosa and to feed the body with a complex of vitamins and nutrients. At the same time, doctors recommend adhering to certain rules:
- eat puree, boiled or stewed food;
- exclude smoked, spicy, salty, sour and fried foods from the diet;
- refuse semi-finished products, fast food and carbonated drinks;
- regularly monitor oral hygiene, regardless of the state of development of the disease, while the toothbrush should only be new and with soft bristles.
Also, the causative agent of the aphthous form of stomatitis can be toothpaste, which includes sodium lauryl sulfate, accompanying the development of the disease. Therefore, when purchasing hygiene products for the oral cavity, it is necessary to pay attention to this first of all.
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatology
This form of the disease is observed to one degree or another in every fifth inhabitant of the planet. For recurrent aphthous stomatitis, ulcers appear on the oral mucosa after a fairly long period of time. So, for example, with seeming well-being, aphthae appears after a few months, and sometimes even after a few years.
Statistics show that women are more prone to aphthous stomatitis than men. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis does not occur on its own - it is preceded by risk factors - trauma to the oral mucosa, allergies to certain foods, poor-quality water, sweet, sour, spicy foods.
Doctors are rather wary of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, since the disease can be a sign of more serious disorders in the body - Crohn's disease, anemia, celiac disease, human immunodeficiency virus, malabsorption syndrome, nonspecific ulcerative colitis and others.
Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis should solve three problems for the patient:
- elimination of discomfort and pain;
- accelerated healing of aft;
- prevention of relapses of disease.
Local treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis begins with pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. To remove painful sensations apply applications with anesthetics - a solution of lidocaine, benzydamine hydrochloride, benzocaine. Diclofenac solution, amleksonox, tetracycline solution has a good effect. To suppress the action of inflammatory mediators, triamcinolone acetonide, flucinodide, clobetasol propionate are prescribed. Preparations with these active ingredients applied to ulcers several times a day after meals. With large aphthae, cauterization with silver nitrate is possible. At the time of the healing of the aft, they use vinyline, karatolin, sea buckthorn oil, rosehip oil, actovegin gel, solcoseryl.
With a protracted course of the disease, when some aphthae have not yet had time to drag on, and new ones have already appeared, a course of corticosteroids is prescribed - prednisolone and betamethasone in the dosage indicated by the doctor. Delargin ( intramuscular injection). It is also useful to include immunomodulators in therapy (levamisole, kemantan and others).
See photos
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis
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Prophylaxis
Simple measures to prevent the disease:
- regular sanitation of the oral cavity;
- compliance with the rules of oral hygiene;
- balanced diet;
- minimum consumption of food that can cause mechanical or chemical damage to the mucous membrane;
- isolation of the patient from healthy people if stomatitis is contagious;
- avoidance of trauma to the oral mucosa;
- exclusion of substances that can cause allergies;
- support of the immune system of an adult body with the help of multivitamin complexes.
From this article you will learn:
- how to treat aphthous stomatitis in children,
- symptoms and treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults,
- list of effective drugs.
Aphthous stomatitis is a disease in which one or more rounded ulcerations appear on the oral mucosa, which are covered with a necrotic plaque of a gray or yellowish tint. Such ulcers (aphthae) are not associated with acute infections and therefore are not contagious.
According to statistics, up to 20% of the population suffers from this form of stomatitis. Most often children are exposed to it. younger age as well as adults between the ages of 20 and 30. In people of a more mature age, a dependence was noted: the higher the age, the less likely development. Aphthous stomatitis has an ICD code 10 - K12.0.
Aphthous stomatitis in children: photo
Aphthous stomatitis: photo in adults
The most important thing in the treatment of stomatitis is to first determine its shape correctly. Indeed, depending on the form: it can be either, or aphthous stomatitis, the treatment for both adults and children will be completely different. Therefore, if you are not very sure about the diagnosis, it is best to familiarize yourself with the symptoms of both of its forms.
Aphthous stomatitis: symptoms
If you suspect you have aphthous stomatitis, the symptoms are quite the same. A day or two before the onset of ulcers, patients usually notice a slight burning sensation in some areas of the oral mucosa. A little later, one or 2-3 clearly limited ulcers (aphthae) appear, covered with a necrotic coating of a gray or yellowish tint. The ulcers are round and usually no more than 1 cm in diameter and are surrounded by an inflammatory red halo around the perimeter.
Ulcers of this size usually heal within 10-14 days without scarring. However, in 10-15% of patients, the diameter of ulcers can exceed 1 cm, and sometimes they can even reach 2-3 cm in diameter. Ulcers of this size are usually deeper than ulcers up to 1 cm in size (which may cause the edge of the ulcer to appear raised). Healing of such ulcers usually lasts up to 6 weeks, and more often - with the formation of scarring.
Important : typical localization of ulcers is on the mucous membrane of the cheeks and the inner side of the lips, on the soft palate (Fig. 7-8), tonsils, as well as the lower and lateral surfaces of the tongue. This localization is due to the fact that ulcers in aphthous stomatitis occur primarily in the "non-keratinized" areas of the oral mucosa, i.e. where there is no keratinization of the mucosal epithelium.
Less commonly, ulcers can occur on the keratinized mucous membrane (hard palate, dorsum of the tongue, tightly attached alveolar gums around the teeth) - this can be a signal of autoimmune diseases or HIV infection. Unlike aphthous stomatitis, keratinized gums are affected precisely with herpetic stomatitis, which can also be a distinguishing feature of these two main forms of stomatitis from each other.
Foci of aphthous stomatitis on the soft palate: photo
Causes of aphthous stomatitis -
The reasons for the development of aphthous stomatitis are not fully understood. However, the very mechanism of the appearance of ulcers on the mucous membrane is most often associated with the activation of the system cellular immunity- T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and mast cells... It is these cells of the immune system that suddenly begin to destroy the epithelium of the mucous membrane, leading to ulceration. However, the humoral immunity system (antibodies) can also be involved in this process.
Antibodies can begin to destroy their own oral mucosa, for example, with so-called cross-sensitization. The fact is that such a pathogenic bacterium of the oral cavity as α-hemolytic streptococcus Streptococcus sangui can act as an antigen that provokes the production of antibodies by the immune system. And these antibodies cross-react with the oral mucosa, destroying it locally.
Local triggers -
- allergy or hypersensitivity to various components of hygiene products (especially often to sodium lauryl sulfate) *,
- food allergens,
- some pathogenic bacteria (hemolytic streptococcus),
- biting the mucous membrane of the lips and cheeks against a background of stress,
- injury to the mucous membrane by the overhanging edge of the filling or during the injection of anesthetic,
- excess content of nitrates in food and drinking water.
Important : clinical research, which revealed the effect of sodium lauryl sulfate in many toothpastes on the development of aphthous stomatitis - published in the medical journal "Oral Diseases" (Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, Porter SR. 2006).
Systemic diseases and conditions of the body -
- during menstruation in women,
- with a sharp cessation of smoking,
- with celiac disease, enteropathy, malabsorption,
- with hematological diseases,
- diseases of the immune system,
- with a lack folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12,
- against the background of cyclic neutropenia, Behcet's syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, PFAPA-syndrome (periodic fever, aphthous pharyngitis + cervical adenopathy), systemic lupus erythematosus, reactive arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases - especially in Crohn's disease, as well as against HIV.
On the basis of what the diagnosis is made -
The diagnosis of aphthous stomatitis is based on visual examination, and in most cases does not require any laboratory tests. Only in severe forms or constantly recurring (recurrent) aphthous stomatitis should a complete blood count be performed, which may indicate the presence of neutropenia or iron deficiency anemia.
As we said above, enteropathy can be the cause in about 5% of cases, and it can be diagnosed by detecting antibodies to endomysium in the blood serum. Behcet's syndrome can be suspected if inflammation occurs at the same time choroid eye (uveitis).
HIV testing is always required if stomatitis recurs often or is difficult, and especially if ulcers occur not only in areas of the mobile oral mucosa, but also in areas of the keratinized mucous membrane (for example, on the tightly attached alveolar gums next to the teeth , back of the tongue, hard palate).
Aphthous stomatitis in children: treatment
Aphthous stomatitis in adults, as well as aphthous stomatitis in children - the treatment is the same, and the treatment strategy described below is suitable for patients of all ages. As for the drugs listed further in the article, some of them do have age restrictions, which we will also indicate.
Due to the fact that it is usually impossible to clearly identify the specific cause of aphthous stomatitis in a particular patient, the treatment will be multifocal, i.e. drugs of several groups are used simultaneously. The choice of treatment strategy and drugs will depend on the following 3 factors:
1) from the severity of symptoms,
2) from the frequency of relapses,
3) from the identified predisposing factors.
Treatment at the first stage should be aimed at reducing pain and inflammation in the area of ulcers, and at the second and third stages - at the earliest epithelialization of ulcers and preventing their occurrence in the future. To facilitate the choice of the best treatment option, all patients can be divided into 3 types (according to the criteria - the severity of the disease and the frequency of relapses).
- Type A –
in patients of this type, aphthous stomatitis occurs no more than several times during the year and is characterized by slight pain. First of all, in such patients it is necessary to determine local predisposing factors and eliminate them (for example, overhanging edges of fillings or hygiene products with sodium lauryl sulfate). It is important to ask the patient about their eating habits in order to assess the possible association between outbreaks of stomatitis and certain foods.The patient is advised to avoid hard foods (for example, croutons, toast), all types of nuts, chocolate, eggs, sour drinks or foods - fruit or citrus juices, tomatoes, pineapples, salty foods. Avoid eating spicy foods, any spices, including peppers and curries, as well as alcoholic and carbonated drinks. In type A patients, mainly local symptomatic therapy is used, which includes antiseptic rinsing and application of a gel for pain and inflammation.
- Type B –
in such patients, aphthous stomatitis develops almost monthly, and the ulcers are so painful that they force the patient to change habits (for example, less often brushing their teeth due to severe pain). It remains important to identify local and general predisposing factors and, if possible, eliminate them. It is very important to teach patients of this type to feel the first signs of an imminent appearance of ulcers - burning, itching or swelling of the mucous membrane, in order to ensure early local treatment even before the ulcers themselves form.
- Type C –
in patients of this type, ulcers are very painful, appear so often that while one lesion heals, the next one almost immediately occurs. This group also includes patients in whom local treatment in the oral cavity is completely ineffective, and an improvement in the condition occurs only after the use of systemic therapy.
Local therapy: list of drugs
Below you will receive comprehensive information on how to treat aphthous stomatitis in children and adults. Note that topical oral therapy is basic and gives good results in type A patients, slightly worse in type B patients.
1) Antiseptic rinses -
For young children (who cannot yet rinse their mouths) - this is best used in the form of a spray. In older children, a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution is the best option. The best way for adults, it is a Perio-Aid mouthwash containing two antiseptics at once: chlorhexidine 0.12% and cetylpyridine 0.05% (or an easier option - again the usual 0.05% chlorhexidine for 25 rubles).
As an alternative to traditional antiseptic rinsing, you can use it - in the form of a solution or spray. This drug contains a large amount of anti-inflammatory components (herbal extracts, thymol, allantoin, phenyl salicylate), but the antiseptic effect of the drug will be quite moderate. Another effective option there will be Colgate triclosan rinses.
How to apply -
rinses are carried out 2-3 times a day for 1 minute. They should be carried out immediately after oral hygiene. And after rinsing, you can apply to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and anti-inflammatory gel (in places of ulceration).
2) Anti-inflammatory / pain relieving gels -
The best option for adults and children - this is the drug Cholisal based on the anti-inflammatory components of choline salicylate and cetalkonium chloride, which have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect. Beyond efficiency big plus this drug is the complete absence of age restrictions.
To relieve ulcers in adults and children over 12 years old, you can use Kamistad, which contains 2% lidocaine hydrochloride, chamomile extract and benzalkonium chloride antiseptic. And for young children - the drug "Kamistad Baby" based on the extract of chamomile flowers, the medicinal and anesthetic component of polidocanol. But their effectiveness for aphthous stomatitis will certainly be lower than that of Kholisal.
Important : the best drug for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis is prescription drug Amlexanox (trade name - Aphthasol). This drug is available in the form of a paste for application to the surface of ulcers 4 times a day, and has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunomodulatory effects. Unfortunately, it is not sold in Russia, and it can only be bought by prescription in Europe or the United States.
3) Occlusive agents -
These include funds, for example, based on bismuth subsalicylate. Drugs of this series are gastroprotective agents, and are usually prescribed for peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum. However, their local use in the oral cavity with aphthous stomatitis makes sense and can significantly reduce pain syndrome and speed up your recovery.
The point of using these drugs is that when applied to the surface of ulcers, they form an insoluble protective film that protects the surface of the ulcer from irritants and reduces the local inflammatory process (site). What preparations based on bismuth subsalicylate can be used - in the form of chewable tablets, in the form of a gel / suspension. It is necessary to use these drugs only after preliminary application of an antiseptic rinse and / or anti-inflammatory gel.
4) Local application of glucocorticoids -
If aphthous stomatitis develops against the background of diagnosed immune diseases, then treatment can be carried out with glucocorticoids. Also, treatment with glucocorticoids is indicated if the patient does not respond to treatment with traditional topical agents (see above). The purpose of their use is to eliminate severe pain and inflammation, which will allow the patient to eat normally, speak, and carry out normal oral hygiene. In addition, glucocorticoids shorten the healing time of ulcers.
Most often, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, or clobetasol propionate are used for this (the choice is depending on the severity of the lesions). These three preparations can be used as gels when ulcerative lesions have a localized character, or prepare solutions for rinsing, using solutions of these drugs in ampoules for this, if the lesions are very numerous. Another option for topical glucocorticoid use is a single local injection of triamcinolone solution under the base of each ulcer.
5) Epithelizing agents -
As we said above, at the first stage of the treatment of aphthous stomatitis, it is very important to use antiseptic rinses, special gels for pain and inflammation, protective agents based on bismuth subsalicylate (as well as antihistamines inside). But when acute symptoms passed - it is very important to accelerate the epithelialization of the surface of the ulcers. For these purposes, the drug Solcoseryl can be used in the form of a gel.
This gel not only accelerates the epithelialization of the surface of ulcers and erosions, but also has a sufficient analgesic effect. Application of the gel is possible 2-3 times a day. Read the instructions for use below. Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that this drug is not intended for use in acute phase the formation of ulcers, usually its use can be started from the 5th day of complex therapy.
6) Local application of the laser -
Clinical studies have found that the use of a 940 nm diode laser as well as a Nd: YAG laser provides immediate pain relief and faster healing, and is well tolerated by patients. Most patients note that ulcerative lesions heal much faster after laser treatment (about 4 days) - versus 7-14 days after standard drug therapy.
In addition, patients noted that relapses of aphthous stomatitis after laser treatment occur much less frequently. Below you can see a photo of foci of aphthous stomatitis on the tongue and lip before and after their treatment with a 940-nm diode laser.
Laser treatment of aphthous stomatitis: before and after photos
Systemic pharmacological treatment -
Systemic therapy includes 3 types of drugs - antihistamines, glucocorticoids and immunomodulators. Antihistamines can be prescribed to absolutely all patients with aphthous stomatitis, the cause of which has not been precisely established. As for the drugs of the other two groups, they are the second line of defense, after which there are essentially no other treatment options.
1. Antihistamines -
Due to the fact that in many cases the causes of aphthous stomatitis may be unidentified food allergens (or components of hygiene products, such as sodium lauryl sulfate), it makes sense to start taking antihistamines, i.e. antiallergic drugs. It is advisable to use drugs last generation having a high tropism for receptors, i.e. no diazolin, please do not apply. The course of application is usually 7-10 days.
Modern antihistamines are well tolerated and do not have pronounced side effects, therefore, given the difficulty of identifying true reason the appearance of ulcerations, you can start taking them from the first day of the disease, and even better - in the prodromal period, when the ulcers have not yet formed, but the patient can already feel at the site of their future occurrence - a slight burning or itching.
In general, antihistamines are an excellent adjunct to topical therapy, even for mild cases of aphthous stomatitis. Ideally, of course, you should take allergy tests for the main types of allergens. To do this, you will need to make a visit to the allergist, and this must be done exactly before you start taking antihistamines.
2. Systemic glucocorticoids -
These drugs are the second line of defense, and are a lifesaver for patients with acute severe flare-ups of aphthous stomatitis. Usually prednisone tablets are used in adults at an initial dose of 25 mg / day for the first 7 days (followed by a gradual dose reduction). The total duration of the course of therapy is usually 15 days, but in severe cases it can reach 1-2 months.
However, in a clinical study, Pakfetrat et al. - good results of treatment with prednisolone were achieved when it was used at a dosage of only 5 mg / day. Prednisolone is an extremely effective drug for the treatment of severe forms of aphthous stomatitis, but its dosage must be selected individually for each patient, taking into account the severity and severity of the disease, as well as the patient's health. Note that prednisone can cause long-term side effects.
Search for alternative more safe drugs allowed to find that the drug Montelukast (a leukotriene receptor antagonist used as an anti-asthma drug) - at a dose of 10 mg per day, as well as prednisolone, reduced the number of lesions, relieved pain and accelerated ulcer healing, and at the same time caused significantly fewer side effects (clinical study - Femiano et al.). It is important that Montelukast can be used even when systemic glucocorticoids contraindicated.
3. Immunomodulators -
Immunomodulators are also a second line of defense, as are glucocorticoids. Their use is especially indicated in patients who are diagnosed with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (with frequent relapses and an aggressive course of the disease). Among immunomodulators, amlexannock, colchicine at 1-2 mg / day, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, dapsone, methotrexate, montelukast, and thalidomide at a dose of 50-100 mg / day can be used.
With the use of thalidomide, 85% of patients experience complete remission of severe lesions within the first 14 days, but this drug has very strong side effects. Another immunomodulator is Levamisole, which restores normal phagocytic activity among macrophages and neutrophils and modulates T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity. The use of levamisole significantly reduces the duration of outbreaks of aphthous stomatitis, and it is prescribed - 150 mg 3 times a week (for 6 months).
Levamisole is safer than other immunosuppressive drugs, although side effects have also been described, including nausea, hyperosmia, dysgesion, and agranulocytosis. It should be noted that treatment with immunomodulators and glucocorticoids is essentially palliative, because neither of systemic drugs nevertheless, it cannot provide permanent remission of the disease.
As soon as you notice the appearance of ulcers with aphthous stomatitis, immediately start taking an antihistamine (antiallergic) drug, plus exclude from the diet all the foods and drinks that we described above. Immediately start topical therapy that includes an antiseptic gargle, anti-inflammatory gel + bismuth subsalicylate to protect the surface of the ulcers from irritants. See if your toothpaste contains sodium lauryl sulfate, and if so, what to buy toothpaste without this component.
If brushing your teeth is painful, get a mild toothbrush(they are usually used for inflammation and bleeding of the gums). For adults and children with constantly recurring outbreaks of aphthous stomatitis, there is an excellent prophylactic agent - and a whole complex of lactic enzymes. These components increase the protective factors of the oral mucosa, preventing the development of new cases of aphthous stomatitis. These toothpastes are available from Splat.
Additional laboratory tests –
with frequent, constantly recurring outbreaks, it is necessary to undergo a complete blood test in order to exclude hematological diseases. It is important to check blood plasma immunoglobulins and the number of lymphocytes, and take an HIV test. In order to exclude autoimmune diseases usually the patient is referred to following tests- erythrocyte sedimentation rate, antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies, IgA-antiendomysial antibodies, plus antibodies to tissue transglutaminase.
If ulcerative lesions heal very poorly, for a long time and practically do not respond to local treatment, it is necessary to send the patient for a biopsy in order to exclude granulomatous conditions such as orofacial granulomatosis, tuberculosis or malignant tumors.
Very important -
If your child has stomatitis, it is very important to correctly determine its shape. Usually it is either aphthous, or, and most importantly, they are treated in completely different ways. If your child develops stomatitis, you shouldn't call the pediatrician. These specialists usually do not even know that there are several forms of stomatitis, and they still either treat them with brown, blue and metrogil, or prescribe a whole bunch of drugs opposite in action - as if from everything at once.
It makes sense to contact a pediatrician only if the child is in a serious general condition ( heat etc.), but such symptoms are typical not for aphthous stomatitis, but for herpes. Therefore, it is still optimal to refer to pediatric dentist, and at the reception of the children's stomatological clinic, you can always issue a house call. We hope that our review: Aphthous stomatitis treatment in adults and children turned out to be useful to you!
Aphthous stomatitis is one of the many types of stomatitis, which differs from others in its characteristic feature- This is the presence of very painful ulcerative defects on the mucous membrane.
This form is the most unpleasant type of stomatitis, and also gives a person a feeling of very strong discomfort.
What it is?
Aphthous stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, in which erosions form on the mucous membrane - aphthae. Aphthae are painful, round or oval ulcerations 3-5 mm in size. But sometimes there are also larger aphthae of irregular shape.
Usually the sores are covered with white yellow bloom and framed with a thin red border. They can occur singly in the oral cavity or appear in a fairly large number. Aphthae can be found on the palate, tongue, inner lips and cheeks. These ulcerations cause burning and pain, especially when eating.
Based on the nature of lesions of mucous tissue in medicine there are four subspecies of this ailment:
- Necrotizing aphtha is an accumulation of dead cells of the mucous membrane, which are covered with epithelium during the course of the disease. Most often, this subspecies of aphthous stomatitis is found in patients with blood pathology.
- Granular stomatitis is caused due to trauma to the mucous membrane, as a result of which bubbles appear first, then painful sores in their place.
- During cicatricial stomatitis aphthae covered connective tissue... At intensive treatment the connection is broken - the tissue is absorbed.
- Deforming is the most severe form of the presented, since aphthae change the surface of the gums. After they heal, noticeable scars will remain.
It is relatively easy to diagnose aphthous stomatitis at the dentist's office. To clarify the diagnosis and clarify the causative agent of the infection, a smear can be taken from the aft for analysis.
Causes
The reasons for the formation of aft in this disease have not been precisely established. Most often, experts point to a connection between the development of aphthous stomatitis and the reaction of the body's immune system. At some point the immune system a person is unable to recognize the molecules of a substance that are present in saliva. As a result, lymphocytes are activated and aphthous ulcers are formed.
The causes of the primary onset of the disease foci of chronic infection can serve:
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract).
How etiological factors there are also unfavorable factors:
- frequent change of belts with different climates;
- professions that negatively affect the mental and physical health human;
- stressful situations that arise regularly.
You can make a long list of typical infectious foci and adverse situations, but the principle of the etiology of aphthous stomatitis remains the same - the inability of the body to resist infection due to exhaustion.
Aphthous stomatitis in children
This insidious disease common in children preschool age... In the first years of life, babies actively explore environment when sucking in a mouth not always clean and safe objects. This causes the appearance of wounds and infection, leading to the appearance of aphthous stomatitis in children.
The first signs are similar to the common cold, but small red pimples appear in the mouth, which develop into pus-filled blisters. Around such a formation, you can see a red rim with the naked eye.
The danger of aphthous stomatitis in children lies not only in the likelihood of the disease becoming chronic, but also in the entry of fungi and other infections into open wounds.
Symptoms
Symptoms of acute aphthous stomatitis in adults develop abruptly and unexpectedly. The patient has:
- On the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks, gums, small bubbles (vesicles) appear, which burst and form small erosions, aphthae, covered with a gray-white bloom.
- General malaise and fever up to 38-39 ° C;
- Sore mouth when talking, eating.
- As the size and number of aft increases, soreness occurs when chewing food, the ability to consume solid food is minimized.
- The entire mucous membrane becomes loose, edematous, inflamed (signs), a white coating appears on the tongue.
In case of aphthous stomatitis, it is advisable to consult a doctor who will prescribe the correct course of treatment for the patient. Effective therapy will avoid the transition of the disease into a chronic form.
Aphthous stomatitis: photo
What this ailment looks like in adults and children, we offer detailed photos for viewing.
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Stages of the disease
Aphthous inflammation of the oral cavity proceeds in several stages:
- In the initial stage such symptoms arise: fever, general malaise, decreased appetite;
- The second stage - redness occurs, followed by the appearance of ulcerative defects in their place;
- Single small ulcers up to 5 mm in diameter gray with a whitish or yellow bloom are observed at 3 stages of the disease. From common symptoms- malaise and temperature persist;
- Final stage accompanied by a gradual disappearance of discomfort, burning and itching in the mouth.
From the moment the first aftas are discovered and until they are completely healed, it takes about 1.5-2.5 weeks. The state of the oral cavity returns to normal: usually, after the ulcers, no scars or any other marks remain.
But if a person suffered from a deforming form of aphthous stomatitis, then after healing soft tissue lips and palate will remain slightly restructured.
Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis
This form is characterized by the periodic appearance of aphthous elements throughout years, with periods of remission and exacerbation.
Most probable reasons the development of the disease is: mechanical trauma to the mucous membrane, a decrease in immunological reactivity, chronic diseases. This type stomatitis differs from acute stomatitis in the absence of an acute reaction of the body, the appearance of single aphthae and a recurrent course.
When examining the oral cavity, you can find aphthae on different stages development. The exacerbation lasts 7-10 days, after which remission occurs.
Treatment of aphthous stomatitis
In the case of aphthous stomatitis, treatment in adults aims at either the complete elimination of the symptoms of the disease, or its stable remission. Both are achieved with both general and local therapy, depending on the clinical situation.
First of all, it is required to ensure the disinfection of the oral cavity. Disinfectants are a number of antiseptic solutions with which to treat the surface affected by ulcers. To do this, use solutions:
- hydrogen peroxide;
Also, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:
- " " (for antiseptic treatment oral cavity);
- "" (Used at the initial stage of the disease);
- Kamistad, Trasilol, Clobetasol (anti-inflammatory ointments with anesthetic);
- "Benzocaine", "Xicaine" (anti-inflammatory ointment with anesthetic);
- "Orasept", "", "" ( antibacterial agents recommended for secondary infection);
- "" (Anesthetic balm to combat aphthiasis);
- "" (Epithelizing agent, used after the disappearance of ulcers).
Along the way, the patient can take, if necessary, other drugs (containing novocaine, lidocaine, heparin, hydrocortisone, etc.) that can improve general state the patient. The use of solutions of citral, vitamins C and P, preparations containing propolis, etc. help to speed up the healing process of aft.
If it is determined that the cause of aphthous stomatitis is viral infection then the doctor may prescribe.
Folk remedies
Traditional methods of dealing with aphthous stomatitis are used as an adjunct to the main treatment regimen. Certain natural ingredients are anti-inflammatory, which speeds up the healing process.
- Chamomile tincture. Quickly helps in the treatment of any inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, including chronic stomatitis. Broth recipe: 1 tsp. 200 ml of boiling water is poured over a dry plant and kept until it cools. Filter the liquid from the cake, add 2 tsp to it. honey and drink 30 minutes after eating.
- Raw potatoes. Peel the vegetable, grind it on a fine grater and put it in cheesecloth. The resulting slurry is applied to erosion 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes. A new mixture is used for each procedure.
- Garlic. Several cloves of the plant are squeezed out through a press and mixed with 2 tbsp. l. curdled milk. The resulting mixture is kept in the mouth for 2-3 minutes, and then spit out. The procedure can provoke a burning sensation in the wounds, but this is not a reason to stop the procedure. The oral cavity is processed 3 times a day after meals.
Treatment of aphthous stomatitis at home should be carried out only under the supervision of a specialist, strictly observing all his prescriptions. Taking potent medications without prescribing, a person should be aware that such frivolous behavior can lead not only to a severe form of recurrent chronic aphthous stomatitis, but also to even more dangerous complications.
Nutrition
To prevent aphthous stomatitis, it is necessary to limit the use of foods that irritate the mucous membranes. These include:
- milk,
- coffee,
- tomatoes,
- sour fruits
- chocolate.
Exclude salty and spicy foods from the daily menu. They have a detrimental effect on the soft tissues in the mouth. In order not to injure the mucous membrane, you need to carefully eat hard cookies, chips, crackers and other solid food.
Prophylaxis
The main preventive measure for acute aphthous stomatitis is full, regular oral hygiene. In the morning and in the evening, you need to brush your teeth and tongue, go to the dentist every six months to remove tartar, prevent diseases of the teeth and gums. An equally important role is played by the condition of the gastrointestinal tract and a healthy lifestyle.
To avoid the development of the disease in children, you need to carefully monitor the child's diet - food should be complete and balanced. If the baby is prone to allergies, citrus fruits and chocolate should be excluded from his menu, since these products most often cause stomatitis. allergic origin... Parents should keep their personal belongings clean, wash their hands at all times, and make sure that children do not bite their nails, suck their fingers or take foreign objects into their mouths.
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