Staphylococcus belongs to the opportunistic microflora. Accordingly, if this microorganism does not cause serious diseases, it does not need to be treated. 70% of the entire population of the planet lives in the intestines of staphylococcus, but it does not provoke diarrhea or disturbances in the digestive tract.
When to treat staphylococcus? Treatment should be carried out if it has caused an infectious disease. Typically, this microorganism contributes to the appearance of purulent inflammatory processes on the skin or mucous membranes. Barley, purulent tonsillitis and sinusitis are often caused by staphylococcus. If you do not feel any signs of illness, there is no need to take medications. How to treat staphylococcus? It all depends on its type and the disease it causes. This microorganism is treated with antibiotics or bacteriophage. Keep in mind that before taking medications, it is advisable to take an antibiotic sensitivity test. A staphylococcal infection cannot be treated with anything; taking antibiotics to which the pathogen is insensitive can aggravate the situation. In hospital settings, superinfections often occur, which are very difficult to treat. This is due to the use of a large number of antiseptics and quartz treatment. With such thorough treatment of hospital wards, staphylococcus adapts and becomes very dangerous. To treat staphylococcus in the nose and throat, use alcohol or oil solution Chlorphilipta. The mucous membranes are washed with this product. Purulent sore throat can be cured with a bacteriophage that is applied to the throat. Very often, newborns become infected with staphylococcus in the maternity hospital, so it is advisable for a woman at 32-36 weeks of pregnancy to be vaccinated with staphylococcal toxoid. This substance helps to gain immunity for mother and child. Inflammation of the vagina caused by staphylococcus can be cured with Miramistin or Hexicon. These are the means local action, with their help douching is carried out. Very often, dysbacteriosis in children is caused by staphylococcus, so it is useless to treat the disease with the introduction of lactobacilli. Initially, it is worth reducing the concentration of bacteria in the intestines; for this it is necessary to administer a bacteriophage in the form of an enema. In addition, the substance is prescribed for oral administration. Only after the concentration of bacteria does not exceed acceptable standards, you can restore the microflora by taking Lactovit, BioGaya, Linex.
Boils and purulent skin rashes caused by staphylococcus can be treated with compresses with Furacilin. It is with this medicine that you need to wash your eyes when bacterial conjunctivitis. Furacilin can be used to treat the eyes of newborns.
Article about staphylococcus: diagnosis, treatment, symptoms staphylococcal infection. The term staphylococcal infection includes the group infectious diseases which causes Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic staphylococci
Staphylococcus (lat. Staphylococcus, from the ancient Greek "staphylo" "grapes" and "kokkos" - "grain") is a genus of bacteria of the Staphylococcaceae family. Representatives of this genus are non-motile gram-positive cocci, the cell diameter of which ranges from 0.6 to 1.2 µm. Pathogenic staphylococcus (Staphylococcus aureus) was discovered by R. Koch (1878), isolated from the pus of a boil by L. Pasteur (1880), described as the causative agent of many suppurative processes by A. Auguston (1881), and studied in detail by F. Rosenbach (1884).
Staphylococci are spherical in shape and arranged in irregular clusters resembling bunches of grapes.
Pathogenic staphylococci produce exotoxin, which has hemolytic and necrotic effects.
The most famous types:
Staphylococcus aureus(Staphylococcus aureus), as the most pathogenic for humans. Named for its ability to form a golden pigment. It can cause purulent inflammatory processes in humans in almost all organs and tissues.
Staphylococcus epidermidis(Staphylococcus epidermidis) - often found on human skin and mucous membranes, can cause sepsis, endocarditis, conjunctivitis, purulent wound infection and purulent urinary tract infections.
Staphylococcus saprophytic(Staphylococcus saprophyticus) - may cause acute cystitis and urethritis.
Staphylococcus hemolytic(Staphylococcus haemolyticus)
Symptoms and diseases caused by staphylococcus
In humans, staphylococci cause a number of purulent lesions - abscesses, dermatitis, hydroadenitis, felons, boils, blepharitis, periostitis, carbuncles, osteomyelitis, folliculitis, dermatitis, sycosis, eczema, pyoderma, pneumonia, peritonitis, meningitis, cholecystitis, appendicitis.
Staphylococci cause the development of secondary diseases with influenza, smallpox, postoperative suppuration, wound infections. Staphylococcal pneumonia and staphylococcal sepsis in children are terrible diseases.
In mixed infections, staphylococci play an important role. Staphylococci are found together with streptococci in diphtheria, wound infections, tuberculosis, tonsillitis, influenza, actinomycosis, parainfluenza and other forms of acute respiratory infections.
Staphylococcal infections reduce human immunity. Damage to the skin (violation of hygiene rules, splinters, injuries, friction against clothing) is a favorable condition for local staphylococcal infections, a decrease in the body’s immune forces due to other diseases, stress, hypovitaminosis, nutritional disorders are prerequisites for the development of common staphylococcal infections.
Staphylococcus aureus produces an enzyme - coagulase - during its life. Staphylococcus penetrates from the surface of the skin into the vascular bed under the action of coagulase and the blood begins to clot. Staphylococci turn out to be inside microthrombi - this leads to the development of staphylococcal sepsis, and the infection can also enter any organ and provoke a purulent inflammatory process. Staphylococcal infections can also cause the development of osteomyelitis. Staphylococcus can penetrate from the skin into mammary gland(the cause of the development of purulent mastitis), and from the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract - into the paranasal sinuses, ear cavity, and down into the lungs.
Staphylococcal infections are characterized by the diversity of pathogens. Quite often, infection occurs not with one, but with several or more varieties of staphylococcus.
Treatment of staphylococcal infections and diseases caused by staphylococcus:
Staphylococci are characterized by relatively high resistance to drying, freezing, and sunlight And chemical substances. In a dried state they are viable for more than 6 months, in dust - 50-100 days. Repeated freezing and thawing does not kill staphylococci. They do not die for many hours from direct sunlight. Staphylococci can withstand heating at a temperature of 70 0 C for more than one hour. At a temperature of 80 0 C they die in 10-60 minutes, from boiling - instantly; A 5% phenol solution kills staphylococci within 15-30 minutes. Staphylococci are very sensitive to some aniline dyes, especially brilliant green, which is successfully used in the treatment of superficial purulent skin lesions caused by staphylococci.
The modern approach to the treatment of staphylococcal infections includes the following areas of treatment:
- Application of modern antimicrobials and antibiotics;
- Surgical methods treatment;
- Immunomodulation methods;
- Normalization of the hormonal status and metabolic process of the body with the help of food additives(chitosan, cordyceps), mineral preparations, vitamins.
Most effective drug against staphylococci - bacteriophage staphylococcal- immunobiological preparation, phage. This is a lysate of phages that are capable of lysing staphylococcal bacteria isolated during purulent infections. Used for treatment and prevention purulent infections skin, mucous membranes, visceral organs caused by staphylococcal bacteria (sinusitis, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, purulent wounds, infected burns, abscess, phlegmon, boil, carbuncle, hidradenitis, panaritium, paraproctitis, mastitis, bursitis, osteomyelitis, urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, colpitis, endometritis, salpingoophoritis, gastroenterocolitis, cholecystitis, omphalitis, sepsis), as well as intestinal dysbiosis . The drug is a phagolysate filtrate, active against staphylococcal bacteria the most common phagotypes, incl. Staphylococcus aureus. An important condition effective phage therapy is a preliminary determination of the phage sensitivity of the pathogen (determination of the sensitivity to staphylococcal bacteriophage of strains isolated from the patient).
The staphylococcal bacteriophage is introduced into the source of infection. The duration of the course of treatment is 5-15 days. Doses and route of administration depend on the nature of the source of infection (locally in the form of irrigation, lotions and tamponing; intradermally; in the cavity - abdominal, pleural, articular; in bladder through a catheter; per os and per rectum). In case of recurrent course of the disease, repeated courses of treatment are possible.
Locally in the form of irrigation, lotions and tamponing with liquid phage in an amount of up to 200 ml, taking into account the size of the affected area, or lubrication with ointment.
It is advisable to treat purulent-inflammatory diseases with localized lesions simultaneously both locally and through the mouth for 7-20 days.
For purulent-inflammatory diseases of the ear, throat, nose, staphylococcal bacteriophage is administered in a dose of 2-10 ml 1-3 times a day; used for rinsing, washing, instillation, introduction of moistened turundas (leaving them for 1 hour).
For boils and carbuncles, liquid staphylococcal bacteriophage is injected directly into the lesion or under the base of the infiltrate, as well as around it. Injections are made daily, every other day, depending on the reaction, in successively increasing doses: for 1 injection - 0.5 ml, then 1 - 1.5 - 2 ml. A total of 3-5 injections are performed per treatment cycle.
For abscesses, staphylococcal bacteriophage is injected into the cavity of the lesion after puncture removal of pus. The amount of the administered drug should be slightly less than the volume of removed pus. When opening an abscess, a tampon richly moistened with staphylococcal bacteriophage is inserted into the cavity.
For chronic osteomyelitis, staphylococcal bacteriophage is infused into the wound immediately after surgical treatment.
For treatment deep forms pyodermatitis, staphylococcal bacteriophage is used intradermally in small doses of 0.1-0.5 ml in one place or, if necessary, up to 2 ml in several places. A total of 10 injections every 24 hours.
Introduction into cavities - abdominal, pleural, articular and others - up to 100 ml of bacteriophage. Capillary drainage is left, through which the bacteriophage is reintroduced every other day, a total of 3-4 times.
For cystitis, a staphylococcal bacteriophage is injected into the bladder cavity using a catheter.
At purulent pleurisy, bursitis or arthritis, staphylococcal bacteriophage is injected into the cavity after removing pus from it in an amount of up to 20 ml. and more, every other day, 3-4 times.
Orally in the form of tablets, staphylococcal bacteriophage is used to treat urogenital infectious pathology- cystitis, pyelitis, pyelonephritis, endometritis, salpingoophoritis, enteral infections and other diseases caused by staphylococcus bacteria.
For intestinal forms of the disease caused by staphylococcus and intestinal dysbiosis, liquid staphylococcal bacteriophage is used: orally 3 times a day on an empty stomach 1.5-2 hours before meals; rectally - once a day (liquid in the form of enemas or suppositories). For intestinal dysbiosis, treatment is carried out for 7-10 days under bacteriological control. For children in the first days of life, in the first two doses, the staphylococcal bacteriophage is diluted with boiled water 2 times. In case of absence adverse reactions(regurgitation, skin rash) then use the undiluted drug. In this case, it can be mixed with breast milk.
For sepsis and enterocolitis in newborns, including premature babies, staphylococcal bacteriophage is used in the form high enemas(through gas outlet pipe or catheter) 2-3 times a day. A combination of rectal (in enemas) and oral (by mouth) use of the drug is possible.
In the treatment of omphalitis, pyoderma, infected wounds in newborns, staphylococcal bacteriophage is used in the form of applications twice daily (a gauze cloth is moistened with staphylococcal bacteriophage and applied to umbilical wound or on the affected area of skin).
Staphylococcal bacteriophage is used for prophylaxis in an amount of 50 ml. for irrigation postoperative wounds etc.
For the purpose of preventing sepsis and enterocolitis in newborns with intrauterine infection or risk of occurrence nosocomial infection staphylococcal bacteriophage is used in the form of enemas 2 times a day for 5-7 days.
Staphylococcal bacteriophage in aerosol form is used for therapeutic and for preventive purposes in the form of irrigation of skin and mucous membranes infected with staphylococcus in case of burns, purulent-inflammatory diseases, infected wounds, with sore throat.
The most appropriate use of bacteriophage is in cases where the infection is caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. Combination treatment with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with antibiotics can be carried out.
If chemical antiseptics other than furatsilin were used before topical application of staphylococcal bacteriophage, the wound should be washed saline solution sodium chloride or 2-3% soda solution (sodium bicarbonate).
There are no contraindications to the use of staphylococcal bacteriophage.
Reactions to the introduction of staphylococcal bacteriophage have not been established.
With intradermal administration, there may be rapidly reversible redness and inflammation.
Liquid staphylococcal bacteriophage is not suitable for use if it is cloudy or has flakes.
Use during pregnancy is possible as prescribed by a doctor, subject to dosage.
The use of staphylococcal bacteriophage does not exclude the use of other medicines. It is possible to carry out combined treatment with staphylococcal bacteriophage in combination with antibiotics.
Silver preparations, aniline dyes, copper compounds, cranberry juice, allicin (a substance obtained from garlic) are effective against staphylococci.
Effective antibiotic against MRSA(Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is ceftobiprole is the first drug of a new generation of cephalosporins with anti-MRSA activity.
Also, according to some studies by US scientists, the following are effective against Staphylococcus aureus: hydrogen peroxide, tobramycin, chlorgrexidine digluconate and gluconate, levofloxacin and silver preparations.
There are various resistant strains, for example to vancomycin (previously an effective antibiotic against staphylococcus until 1996) VRSA - effective against it (2012) combination drug - Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (bactrim, biseptol)
typical MRSA antibiogram in Russia (2012):
Erythromycin - resistant
tetracycline - resistant
clindamycin - resistant
gentamicin - resistant
fluoroquinolones - resistant
rifampicin - resistant
Bactrim, Biseptol - resistant
vancomycin - sensitive
linezolid - sensitive
cubecin (daptomycin) - sensitive
Thus, antibiotics currently effective against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): vancomycin, linezolid, cubicin (daptomycin), levofloxacin
Staphylococcal infection is considered dangerous disease, which is transmitted by airborne droplets, food, or contact, a purulent process begins at the site of penetration of the microorganism. Staphylococcus aureus is quite common in newborns. There are many reasons for this: contaminated milk or formula, contact with contaminated objects, infection from hospital workers or the mother. A fifth of the population are permanent carriers of Staphylococcus aureus.
Staphylococcal infection in infants
Staphylococcus aureus in newborns has a variety of clinical manifestations: from purulent skin lesions to damage internal organs, bone marrow, nervous system. The most severe forms are sepsis, toxic shock, epidermal necrolysis. The routes of infection, the number of microbes and their characteristics, as well as the state of immunity influence the form of the disease.
Children can become infected with staphylococcus very easily because they put objects in their mouths. Staphylococcus aureus is, first of all, a disease of dirty hands and violations of personal hygiene rules. Therefore, first of all, you need to carefully monitor the child and the cleanliness of the house.
Clothes should be changed and washed frequently, and toys should be washed and disinfected. It is equally important who the child communicates with. Encourage your guests to wash their hands before playing with or holding your baby.
There is a danger of infection with Staphylococcus aureus even in the maternity hospital. Statistics say that at discharge, ninety-eight percent of newborns have this microbe, since it is impossible to provide the child with proper care in the hospital. When you arrive at the house, give your baby a bath and change him into clean clothes.
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus does not always cause infection and serious illnesses. But if you find it, it's better to get rid of it.
How does Staphylococcus aureus develop?
The source of staphylococcus is a sick person. Often the disease does not have external manifestations. The microbe gets along well with other microorganisms, and the owner does not feel worried. Once in a weakened body, Staphylococcus aureus begins its destructive activity.
Dangerous microorganisms are very resistant; they remain viable for many days and persist in food products for a long time. Boiling and exposure disinfectants ensures instant death of staphylococci.
Most often, staphylococcal infection is considered hospital-acquired. In hospitals, the microorganism quickly finds a new host. Staphylococcus aureus is characterized by many factors on which the clinical manifestations of the disease are based. Staphylococcus quickly develops resistance to new antibiotics, has special substances that contribute to the destruction of body tissues, and release toxins that weaken the defenses.
Symptoms of staphylococcus infection
Symptoms manifest differently depending on the location of the lesion. Staphylococcus aureus causes skin diseases, acne, and boils. In addition, sepsis, ARVI, pneumonia, and meningitis may develop. All diseases are diagnosed by a doctor early stages. It is important to monitor your child’s health and regularly go to the clinic for medical examinations.
Symptoms such as:
- heat,
- redness on the skin,
- diarrhea
- vomit,
- intoxication.
Any symptom is a reason to consult a doctor. The period of infection can vary from three hours to several days. The sooner you take action, the better.
Treatment of staphylococcus
The disease is classified as serious, so at the slightest suspicion you should consult a doctor. Treatment of staphylococcus in infants is not an easy but real task. First of all, you need to determine sensitivity to the antibiotic, after which the doctor prescribes complex treatment. These are antibacterial drugs, enzymes, probiotics, vitamins, stimulants of immunogenesis. At severe course disease, hospitalization of the child is recommended.
A good method of combating Staphylococcus aureus is a course of treatment with bacteriophage drugs. They are prescribed only when a particular strain does not have increased resistance to bacteriophages. Otherwise, such therapy is useless.
Treatment measures are always individual and require careful medical supervision. Unfortunately, staphylococcus does not develop lasting immunity, so you can become infected with it many times. This is due to the fact that there are a lot of types of microbes; during the disease, antibodies are produced only to the toxins of a certain strain of staphylococcus.
Prevention of staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus in newborns is a disease in which great importance has prevention. It needs to start before birth. Parents must undergo testing for carrier status and also make a responsible choice maternity hospital. It is important that the institution fully complies with sanitary and epidemiological standards.
After discharge from the hospital, follow simple rules personal hygiene, ensure that food is of high quality. good preventive measure– Breastfeeding will support the newborn’s immunity.
How to cure staphylococcus with folk remedies
Staphylococcus aureus can be found on the skin, in the intestines, in feces, mucous membranes of the throat and nose, and in mother's milk. In this case, the child can feel great. The question of how to cure an infection is very relevant. Traditional medicines for the treatment of staphylococcus are based on medicinal characteristics individual herbs: calendula, string, licorice, yarrow, St. John's wort, chamomile.
Calendula tincture is used for gargling. Chamomile decoction - for washing the nose and eyes. St. John's wort is taken orally. The sequence is intended for skin diseases. An effective remedy is a propolis tincture.
For this disease, it is useful to eat half a kilo of puree made from apricot pulp in the morning and evening on an empty stomach, which can act like an antibiotic. They also use blackcurrant – a glass of puree three times a day for three days in a row. The product works well against staphylococcus, streptococcus, and also provides the body with vitamin C.
A decoction based on primrose root, violet grass, lungwort, mullein inflorescences, string, plantain leaves, nettle, birch, meadowsweet, dill fruits, flax seeds, coltsfoot leaves, aralia roots, marshmallow, licorice, cinquefoil, wheatgrass. First, the herbs are crushed, then two spoons are poured with a liter of boiling water. The mixture is placed in a thermos and left overnight. The drug is drunk thirty minutes before meals.
The human body can serve as a home for thousands of microbes and bacteria, and such proximity does not necessarily end in disease. The immune system reliably protects us, restraining the activity of uninvited guests and forcing them to follow the rules of good manners. Staphylococcus is no exception; it is normally found in about a third of the world's population, but does not manifest itself in anything for the time being.
A weakened immune system, simple hypothermia, or the presence of another infection in the body against which antibiotics were used are the reasons why staphylococcus can go on the offensive. Therefore, it is important to understand two things: you cannot be treated with antibiotics in case of the slightest ailment or cold, and it is simply pointless to use them against staphylococcus as a preemptive measure. You still won’t get rid of the carrier state, but you will introduce your staphylococcus to antibacterial drugs and will negate their effectiveness in the future when they may actually be needed.
The only reasonable measure to prevent staphylococcal infections is local sanitation of the skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract during the cold season, as well as taking medications that strengthen the immune system. The prescription of antibiotics is justified only in cases of severe, life-threatening diseases: pneumonia, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, multiple purulent abscesses on the skin and in soft tissues, boils on the face and head (in close proximity to the brain). But before choosing an antibiotic against staphylococcus, qualified doctor always produces bacterial cultures.
At a sanitary and epidemiological station, a skin and venereal disease clinic or medical office A specialized specialist (ENT specialist, dermatovenerologist, gynecologist, urologist, pulmonologist, gastroenterologist, infectious disease specialist) takes a bacterial culture from the site of the staphylococcal infection. This may be a swab from the throat, purulent skin abscess, vagina or urethra, as well as a sample of blood, sputum, urine, saliva, gastric juice, sperm and other bodily fluids.
The resulting material is placed in nutrient medium, after some time, the colony of staphylococci multiplies, and the laboratory technician can determine what type of pathogen it is and what antibiotics it is sensitive to.
The seeding result looks like a list in which opposite the names of all current antimicrobials stands for one of the letter designations:
S (susceptible) - sensitive;
I (intermediate) - moderately sensitive;
R (resistant) - stable.
Among the antibiotics from group “S” or, in extreme cases, “I”, the attending physician chooses a drug with which the patient has not treated any disease over the previous several years. This way there is a greater chance of success and avoiding the rapid adaptation of staphylococcus to the antibiotic. This is especially important when it comes to treating protracted and often recurrent staphylococcal infections.
Antibiotics and staphylococcus
In fact, there is only one objective reason for using antibiotics against such a stable and flexible pathogen as staphylococcus - the expected benefit will exceed the inevitable harm. Only when the infection has spread throughout the body, entered the bloodstream, caused fever, and natural defenses are not enough to defeat the disease, it is necessary to resort to antibacterial therapy.
But there are three good reasons to refuse antibiotics when treating staphylococcus:
Only second and third generation cephalosporins, semi-synthetic penicillins (oxacillin, methicillin), and the most powerful can cope with some types of pathogens, for example, Staphylococcus aureus. modern antibiotics(vancomycin, teicoplanin, fusidine, linezolid). It is increasingly necessary to resort to extreme measures, because over the past 5-10 years, staphylococci have mutated and acquired the enzyme beta-lactamase, with which they successfully destroy cephalosporins and methicillin. For such pathogens there is the term MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), and they have to be destroyed with combinations of drugs, for example, fusidine with biseptol. And if the patient used antibiotics uncontrollably before the onset of an extensive staphylococcal infection, the pathogen may be insensitive;
No matter how effective an antibiotic is, in practice the effect of its use against staphylococcus is almost always temporary. For example, with furunculosis, after successfully stopping the infection in 60% of patients, the disease recurs, and it is no longer possible to cope with it using the same drug, since the pathogen has adapted. Obviously, such a price is worth paying only to “get out of the dive,” when it is simply impossible to stabilize the condition of a patient with a staphylococcal infection without an antibiotic;
Antibiotics do not choose victims - in addition to the bacteria against which you use them, they also destroy other microorganisms, including beneficial ones. Long-term treatment Antibacterial drugs almost always provoke dysbacteriosis in the gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system, and also aggravate the danger of activating other infections present in the body in the form of carriers.
Is it possible to completely get rid of staphylococcus?
Let's say right away - no, you can't. Only in very rare cases, when staphylococcus has entered a small area of the skin, and the person’s immunity has been activated for some reason, macrophages manage to cope with the uninvited guest, and then they speak of “transient carriage of staphylococcus.” If such a situation is discovered, it is by pure chance. More often, the pathogen manages to gain a foothold in a new place, especially if the contact was extensive (swimming in an infected body of water, using infected clothing, bed linen, towels). Staphylococcus acquired in a hospital, kindergarten, school or summer camp usually settles in the body for life.
Why immunity healthy child or an adult does not get rid of this dangerous bacterium? Because there are no objective reasons for this until carriage turns into disease. Staphylococcus sitting modestly in a corner does not arouse any interest among immune system, leukocytes and macrophages do not hunt for it, and the necessary antibodies are not produced in the blood. But what to do if, for example, a child suffers from staphylococcal sore throat every fall and winter, or a girl who knows about the presence of a harmful bacterium in her body is planning a pregnancy?
In these cases, it is necessary to resort to immunostimulating therapy and sanitation of accessible problem areas: pharynx, nasopharynx, skin, vagina. Such measures will not allow you to get rid of staphylococcus forever, but will significantly reduce the number of its colonies and reduce the risk of carriage becoming a dangerous disease.
How is staphylococcus treated?
Preventive sanitation is a very effective measure that is recommended for all carriers of staphylococcus to take regularly. Employees of children's educational and medical institutions nasal swabs are taken twice a year, and if the result is positive, sanitation is carried out, and then the analysis is taken again, trying to achieve complete absence staphylococcus in the upper respiratory tract. This is very important, because this is the only way to protect against the spread of the pathogen by airborne droplets.
If you or your child annually experience relapses of sore throat, furunculosis and other purulent-inflammatory diseases, the cause of which (according to test results, and not based on your guesses) is staphylococcus, it is worth replenishing home first aid kit means for local sanitation. With the help of these drugs, gargling, nasal instillation, placing cotton swabs in the nasal passages, irrigation or douching of the genital tract, wiping and lubricating the skin or mucous membranes, depending on the location of the carrier, are performed. For each case you need to select suitable option the drug and strictly adhere to the instructions.
Here's a list of everyone effective solutions and ointments against staphylococcus:
Boric acid;
Lugol's or iodine solution;
Potassium permanganate;
Methylene blue;
Octenisept;
Fukortsin (Castellani liquid).
Oil solution of retinol acetate (vitamin A);
Sodium hypochlorite electrolysis solution;
Furacilin solution;
St. John's wort decoction;
Aloe vera gel;
Bactroban ointment;
Hexachlorophene ointment;
Chlorophyllipt;
12 best drugs for the treatment of staphylococcus
We have prepared for you a hit parade of twelve of the most effective and safe means by which modern specialists treat staphylococcus. But let this information not serve as a reason for self-medication, because only a qualified doctor, after a thorough diagnosis, can prescribe a drug that is right for you and will not cause unwanted side effects. side effects. It is especially important to show a child suffering from a staphylococcal infection to a good doctor and take the time to take the necessary tests.
The group of lysates includes preparations that are a fragmented multibacterial culture. Once in the body, particles of bacteria (including staphylococcus) cannot cause a full-scale infection, since their cellular structure is disrupted. But they can provoke an immune response and the production of antibodies. Lysates have many advantages - safety, lack of addiction, contraindications and side effects, the ability to take them as needed, rather than follow a fixed course of treatment. There is only one drawback - high price. The most popular lysates for the treatment of staphylococcus: imudon, respibron, bronchomunal, IRS-19 spray.
Staphylococcal toxoid
This drug is a toxin (poisonous waste product) grown in laboratory conditions staphylococci. The toxin is purified and neutralized, and then placed in 1 ml ampoules and packaged in boxes of 10 ampoules. This volume of staphylococcal toxoid is sufficient for one course of treatment, the result of which will be the formation of stable immunity in an adult. Toxoid is contraindicated for children.
The drug is administered in a hospital for ten days, alternately under the right and left shoulder blades. The nurse carefully monitors the patient's condition during the first 30 minutes after the injection. Possible allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock. During the entire course of treatment, low-grade body temperature, redness and swelling of the skin at the site of toxoid administration may be observed.
Staphylococcal antiphagin (vaccine)
Unlike toxoid, the vaccine is a complex of ready-made heat-resistant antigens to all possible types of staphylococcus. It is also sold in ampoules of 1 ml and cartons of 10 ampoules. Vaccination against staphylococcus is permitted from the age of six months, however, exceptions are allowed, the main thing is that the baby’s body weight is at least 2.5 kg. Staphylococcal antiphagin causes the formation specific immunity, which may be lost over time, so annual revaccination is recommended. In Russia, all these measures are not included in the list of mandatory vaccinations, but at the request of the parents, the child can be vaccinated against staphylococcus.
CIP (Complex immunoglobulin preparation)
This medicine is used to treat staphylococcus and other bacterial infections made from donated blood drying method. KIP is a protein powder containing three types of antibodies (IgA (15-25%), IgM (15-25%), IgG (50-70%) and packaged in glass ampoules with a capacity of 5 ml. It is this drug that best copes with staphylococcus, because it contains the most a large number of antibodies of the IgA and IgM classes, compared with other immunoglobulin drugs.
Antibodies of the IgM class effectively destroy staphylococci, Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia and other pathogens of intestinal infections, antibodies of the IgA class prevent the proliferation and adhesion of bacteria to the cells of the body, and antibodies of the IgG class neutralize toxins and contribute to the destruction of staphylococcus by macrophages - the fighters of our immunity. Thus, instrumentation has several advantages: versatility, complex action, comfortable oral administration and no contraindications.
Human anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin
This is also a protein powder extracted from donor blood, but it differs from KIP in its narrow specialization: it contains antibodies only to staphylococcus alpha-exotoxin. By taking such a drug, a patient with a staphylococcal infection receives temporary help from a donor. As soon as the immunoglobulin is stopped, the effect will end, because such treatment does not force the body to produce its own antibodies to staphylococcus, but only compensates for their absence. Intravenous administration donor antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin temporarily saves in severe diseases, for example, sepsis, endocarditis or pneumonia due to AIDS.
Aloe vera
Preparations based on aloe extract (capsules, gels, injection solutions, ointments, syrups) have proven themselves not only in the treatment of staphylococcus. The high biological activity of aloe vera allows you to strengthen the immune system, cope with infections of any location and quickly alleviate the patient’s condition. For example, subcutaneous administration of aloe solution for staphylococcal furunculosis in a few days reduces swelling, neutralizes pain and stops the acute inflammatory process.
But, like any powerful natural stimulant, aloe vera has contraindications. It is not recommended for pregnant women or women with heavy menstruation, endometriosis and polycystic disease, since aloe increases blood circulation and can provoke internal bleeding. It also increases the activity of the glands internal secretion, which is very dangerous when peptic ulcer stomach and pancreatitis. In short, a comprehensive assessment of the condition of the body of a patient with staphylococcal infection is necessary before deciding on treatment with aloe vera.
Chlorophyllipt
Another medicinal plant, able to cope with staphylococcus - eucalyptus. Made from the juice of eucalyptus leaves alcohol solution(from 0.25 to 1% concentration) for internal and local use, as well as an oil solution (2% concentration) for intravaginal use for staphylococcal erosion of the cervix.
A weak alcohol solution of chlorophyllipt is added to water and drunk at intestinal infections, and also instilled and placed in the nose, rinsed sore throat, they give enemas - that is, they are used to sanitize the mucous membranes. A more concentrated preparation is suitable for treating skin affected by abscesses, ulcers, boils and fistulas. In rare cases (with sepsis, peritonitis, pleural empyema, pulmonary abscess), chlorophyllipt is administered intravenously or directly into the body cavity.
Before the first use, they always test for an allergic reaction: the patient drinks half a glass of water with 25 drops of chlorophyllipt dissolved, and if no negative effects are observed within 24 hours, staphylococcus can be treated with this drug. Chlorophyllipt is prescribed only to adults and children over twelve years of age.
Mupirocin
This is international generic name antibiotic that acts active substance in several medicinal ointments: Bonderme, Supirocin, Bactrobane. Mupirocin is very different wide range applications; it is active against staphylococci, gonococci, pneumococci and streptococci, including aureus and methicillin-resistant.
Mupirocin-based ointments are used for local treatment of skin and nasal staphylococcal infections. Two types of ointments are available with different antibiotic concentrations, separately for the skin and separately for the mucous membrane. Theoretically, you can lubricate ulcers, ulcers and boils with any type of ointment, but you only need to put a drug specially designed for this in your nose. Ointments with mupirocin can be used from the age of six; they very rarely cause side effects and allergic reactions, while doing an excellent job of local treatment of staphylococcus.
Baneocin
This is also an ointment for external use, active component which is a tandem of two antibiotics: neomycin and bacitracin. Both antibacterial agents are active against staphylococci, but together they act better, cover a larger number of strains, and addiction to them develops more slowly.
Baneocin is almost not absorbed into the blood when applied topically, but creates skin a very high concentration of antibiotics, so it copes well with abscesses, ulcers and boils caused by staphylococcus. However, like all antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group, bacitracin and neomycin are dangerous due to their side effects: suppression of hearing and vision, difficulty with kidney function, and disruption of the circulation of nerve impulses in the muscles. Therefore, the use of baneocin is recommended only for the treatment of staphylococcal infections that affect no more than one percent of the skin surface (about the size of the palm).
Baneocin ointment is available without a prescription and is suitable for children, but is not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women due to the risk of antibiotics passing into the blood and breast milk.
Fuzidin, fusidic (fusidic) acid, sodium fusidate - all these are names of one antibiotic, perhaps the most effective against most strains of staphylococcus. Based on this drug, ointments with a two percent concentration (fucidin, fusiderm) are produced, which are intended for the local treatment of staphylococcus. These ointments should not be applied to the mucous membranes, and even on the skin they can cause irritation and redness, but usually after a week of regular use, the staphylococcal infection is localized and the inflammations heal completely.
Fusiderm cream is one of the best means from acne on the face caused by staphylococcus. If red weeping acne does not go away for a long time, you should definitely take a scraping for analysis, and if the doctor detects strains of staphylococcus, Fusiderm will be the optimal choice for treatment, which usually lasts 14 days, and in 93% of cases ends in success.
Fusidine-based ointments can be used not only by adults, but also by children over one month old, since this antibiotic does not cause dangerous side effects and almost does not penetrate into the blood when local application. However, it is usually not recommended for expectant and nursing mothers, since the effect of fusidine on the child upon penetration into circulatory system has not yet been sufficiently studied.
Galavit
Strictly speaking, the drug Galavit is not indicated for the treatment of staphylococcus, but its use in practice allows us to hope for success in the fight against resistant strains. Galavit is a relatively new immunomodulator and a rare guest on the shelves of our pharmacies. Western European clinical researches proved that it has two actions at once: immunostimulating and bactericidal, and this in itself is a big breakthrough.
The immunomodulatory effect of galavit is due to its ability to slow down overly active macrophages so that they can longer exert their destructive effect on pathogens, including staphylococcus. In other words, this drug allows our body to use its defenses more rationally and fully.
Galavit is available in the form of lingual tablets, injection solution and rectal suppositories, therefore it is convenient to use for the treatment of staphylococcal infections of any location. The drug is approved for use by adults and children over six years of age, but is not recommended for pregnant and lactating women, again, simply due to insufficient research.
Staphylococcal infection and hormones
In conclusion, it would be reasonable to say a few words about the treatment of staphylococcus hormonal drugs. Glucocorticoids, that is, synthetic derivatives of human corticosteroid hormones, quickly stop inflammation of any etiology. They disrupt the entire chain of natural reactions (a pathogen appeared - the body reacted - hormones were produced - the inflammatory process began - leukocytes multiplied - purulent abscess– pain and fever appeared). Drugs from the glucocorticoid group (prednisolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone and others) forcibly interrupt this scenario at the very beginning. But they do not destroy the cause of inflammation, but simply force the body not to react to the pathogen.
So what are the dangers of using hormonal ointments for local treatment of staphylococcus? Because after a quick suppression inflammatory process and withdrawals pain real thunder will strike: hormones have suppressed the natural immune response, there are no antibodies to the pathogen, and now the body faces the infection completely unarmed. Conclusion: treatment of staphylococcus hormonal ointments It is only advisable if it is a combination drug that also contains an antibiotic. And taking glucocorticoids orally with extensive staphylococcal damage to the body, as with any other blood infection, is strictly prohibited.
Being part of the microflora human body. Staphylococcus itself does not cause harm, but it can cause health problems in both adults and children.
Of the coccus family, Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most dangerous bacteria. However, it can cause harm to the human body only if the immune system is weakened. The appearance of acne, purulent wounds on the body, conjunctivitis, sore throat, meningitis or sepsis may mean that staphylococcus has gone into battle.
A distinctive feature of the disease is that the human body does not develop immunity to it, so you can get sick again and again. Staphylococcus produces toxins that can cause severe poisoning human body. Therefore, every mother should know how to treat staphylococcus, because most often the first bacterium that her newborn baby encounters is Staphylococcus aureus.
How to treat staphylococcus in a baby
Often babies become infected with this insidious bacterium in the maternity hospital. the baby and his mother, who has undergone childbirth, are very weakened and unable to cope with the pest. Statistics say that 99% of babies become infected with staphylococcus soon after birth. The bacterium will live on human skin, on the mucous membrane, and only occasionally manifest itself in any way.
How is staphylococcus in children treated? Most importantly, the child must be kept clean - a lot of attention should be paid to the baby’s hygiene both in the hospital and at home. It will become the best prevention. But if the symptoms indicate the presence of a disease, the doctor first of all decides on the choice of an antibiotic that could defeat the bacteria. Then the course is carried out complex therapy, which includes antibacterial drugs, vitamins, probiotics, enzymes, immunogenesis stimulators. The baby may be hospitalized.
How to treat staphylococcus with folk remedies
There are means in nature that can resist this bacterium - first of all, herbs: chamomile, calendula, St. John's wort and others. in babies folk remedies comes down to taking a decoction of properly selected herbs. In any case, only a doctor can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment for a small patient. Traditional medicine will become good help to maintain the immune system of the crumbs, and diseases provoked by staphylococcus are treated with medication.
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