What to do in case of severe food poisoning. The best medicines for poisoning

Food poisoning occurs as a result of the consumption of substandard and expired food containing harmful bacteria or toxic substances. When ingested, they begin to multiply actively.

Poor quality food is a common cause of poisoning

This condition is non-contagious, with impaired performance. digestive system and is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, or diarrhea.

Food poisoning classification

Food poisoning is classified into the following types:

infectious - occurs due to the use of spoiled food and the activity in the body of microbes and viruses found in low-quality products;
toxic - characterized by getting into human body a virus along with inedible fungi or poisonous plants;
of unknown origin - most often this type includes poisoning with heavy metals, chemical and toxic substances.

All types of poisoning have similar characteristics: severe dehydration, general intoxication of the body, accompanied by fever and headache, development inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract.

Toxic poisoning occurs due to eating poisonous mushrooms

Symptoms of food poisoning

The peculiarity of food poisoning lies in a very short incubation period of several hours and pronounced negative symptoms:

an increase in temperature from 37 to 40 degrees;
general malaise and lack of appetite;
diarrhea, severe gas, pain and bloating;
nausea and vomiting;
increased fatigue and regular headache;
chills, decreased blood pressure.

With food poisoning, vomiting appears

Under the influence of neurotoxic poisons, visual impairment, dizziness, loss of consciousness, disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and the brain are possible.

Especially dangerous is the presence of salmonellosis, botulism and listeriosis in children, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers - these diseases are often fatal.

Which doctor should I go to?

Analyzes and a course of treatment are prescribed. The attending physician, if necessary, will send for examination to:

What to do with food poisoning at home

In a mild form, poisoning is characterized by the presence of malaise lasting from several hours to a couple of days and can be eliminated without medical intervention.

First aid

If poisoning is detected, measures should be taken to improve well-being:

Flush the stomach. You need to drink 1.5 liters. warm, salted liquid or make a weak solution of potassium permanganate, which should have a pale pink color. The main amount of food will come out with the next emetic urge, however, lavage should be done until the stomach is completely cleared.
Saturate the body with fluid to avoid dehydration. After an attack of vomiting or defecation, you must consume 200 grams. purified water. It is recommended to drink in small sips. In addition to the usual liquid, you can drink glucose-saline solution - 1 liter. Add 3 tbsp of purified liquid. l. sugar and 1 tsp. salt.
Do not interfere with the natural cleansing of the intestines - this is the most quick way removing toxins from the body. If necessary, a cleansing enema should be given.

It is contraindicated to take antibiotics and medicines for diarrhea without a doctor's recommendation. After cleansing the stomach and getting rid of nausea, it is necessary to start taking medications that promote recovery. intestinal microflora.

Medication treatment

You can remove toxins from the stomach with the help of medicines.

Name	Characteristic	Mode of application
Activated carbon	Promotes high-quality removal of toxins from the stomach	Take 1 tablet for every 10 kg of patient weight. Can be drunk whole, chewed or mixed with water.
Smecta	Anti-diarrhea medicine with adsorbing effect	Dosage for a child - dissolve 1 package of medication in 60 ml of water. You can mix the drug with baby food, compote or porridge. Dose for an adult - 1 sachet per 0.5 liter. liquids. Take 3 times a day for no more than a week.
Enterosgel	Eliminates intoxication and toxic substances, normalizes microflora	1 tbsp. l. pasta 3 times a day. For greater effect, you need to stir the product with water in a 1: 3 ratio.
Duspitalin	Effectively eliminates spasms and relieves pain	1 capsule 3 times a day.
Polysorb	Enterosorbent, eliminates signs of intoxication and intestinal infections	Dilute with 1 tbsp. l. preparation in 100 ml of water. Reception is carried out 3 times a day from 3 to 7 days.
Linex	Promotes the restoration of intestinal microflora	2 capsules 3 times a day after meals.
Regidron	Prevents dehydration. Applied after thorough gastric lavage	1 bag for 1 liter. water. Drink in small sips, divided into 5 doses of 200 ml.

How to get rid of signs of poisoning with folk remedies

In case of mild poisoning, folk remedies are used that can save the patient from the problem that has arisen.

The constituents	Properties	Method of preparation and use
Infusion of cinnamon	Is a sorbent natural origin and helps to quickly relieve pain that has arisen	For 1 liter. boiled water, add 0.5 tsp. ground cinnamon, mix thoroughly, leave for 10 minutes and drain thoroughly. The resulting drink should be taken throughout the day in small portions.
Ginger tea	Effectively fights attacks of nausea	In 250 ml hot water 1 tsp is poured. grated ginger, infused for 5 minutes. If desired, sugar can be added to the resulting drink.
Decoction with dill and honey	Helps eliminate toxins while retaining the potassium required for normal functioning organism	Recipe - 1 tsp. dill seeds are poured 400 gr. boiling water and infused for 5 minutes. Next, the resulting infusion should be boiled for 2 minutes over low heat. Then the broth is filtered and 1 tsp is added. honey. The resulting drink should be drunk in small portions all day.
Lemon juice	Effectively fights bacteria, has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effect.	Juice is squeezed out of half a lemon, mixed with 1 tsp. Sahara. Drink 2-3 times a day. You can also make a drink from fruit juice with warm water, keeping to a ratio of 1: 5.
Cumin seeds	Helps get rid of inflammation in the stomach	You need to eat 1 tbsp. l. ground seeds and drink plenty of liquid.
Infusion of yarrow and wormwood	Promotes high-quality cleansing of the body from toxins	Mix in 1 tsp. wormwood and yarrow together with 0.5 liters. water, leave for 20 minutes. The strained broth should be drunk in 5 meals.

You can use any folk recipes for treatment only after consulting a qualified specialist.

Inpatient treatment

The attending physician initially identifies the cause of the occurrence negative symptoms, and the species that caused the condition. For this it is taken general analysis blood, a detailed study of feces, vomit and urine is carried out, which contributes to the identification of a harmful microorganism.

In severe cases, the attending physician may also prescribe a colonoscopy, fluoroscopy and sigmoidoscopy.

Colonoscopy is used to identify the causes of poisoning.

Hospitalization is prescribed in cases where:

intestinal poisoning occurred in a child under the age of 3 years, in an elderly person or a pregnant girl;
deterioration in health caused by the use of poisonous mushrooms and plants;
acute poisoning is accompanied by prolonged diarrhea with an admixture of blood, a strong increase in body temperature, which does not decrease for several days, general weakness and frequent vomiting;
there is excessive sweating and a feeling of suffocation;
the condition worsens significantly 2-3 days after the first negative symptoms are detected.

In the hospital, the patient is prescribed a dropper - this is the most effective and fastest way of getting the necessary medicine into the bloodstream in case of severe poisoning.

Severe food poisoning requires the fastest possible medical intervention - a prolonged absence of treatment leads to the absorption of a large amount of toxins into the bloodstream, which entails the occurrence of complications.

Diet after poisoning

During the next week, normalize activity digestive tract it is possible by following a diet that completely excludes from the diet:

fatty and spicy foods;
milk products;
flour products;
fish and canned food;
alcoholic drinks, shop juices.

In case of poisoning, you need to exclude dairy products from the diet.

boiled potatoes, rice or buckwheat;
chicken broth soups;
boiled lean meats;
biscuit biscuits, crackers:
baked apples and bananas.

It is necessary to eat food fractionally, dividing the daily diet into 5 small portions. The daily water intake is at least 1.5 liters. It is recommended to take a rosehip decoction, weak green tea and chamomile infusion.

To avoid food poisoning, you should regularly monitor the quality of the food and drink consumed, pay attention to the expiration date and not neglect personal hygiene.

Severe abdominal pain, severe bouts of nausea or vomiting, loose stools- having arisen after a meal, these symptoms often indicate the poor quality of the products consumed, the ingestion of poisonous components into the dish, or a violation of sanitary standards during cooking. Every person has come across such a situation at least once, and very few people understand how to get out of it. How to act immediately after an attack and do folk remedies help with poisoning or are more serious medications needed?

What is poisoning

Food poisoning or food intoxication (depending on the etiology) - this is how the poisoning that occurs as a result of eating food is called in official medicine. The disease mainly proceeds in an acute form, arises against the background of eating food covered with pathogens and toxins secreted by them. Food poisoning is divided into:

Microbial - caused colibacillus or botulinum, enterococci, staphylococci. This includes toxicoinfections, mycotoxicosis and bacteriotoxicosis.
Non-microbial - poisoning with plant and animal products, initially dangerous due to toxicity or accumulated toxins for certain reasons.
Due to impurities chemical substances- arising from the use of products containing excess pesticides, nitrates, salts heavy metals.

The clinical manifestations of food poisoning are in the nature of gastroenteritis, but in some cases the symptoms are absent or are observed for only a few hours. This picture is characteristic of botulism, lead poisoning. With classical intoxication of a non-microbial nature, the onset of the disease is always sudden, and the course is short, accompanied by the following symptoms:

malaise, weakness;
sharp pains in a stomach;
diarrhea, frequent urge to defecate;
gas formation, bloating;
nausea, vomiting.

An important point is the ability of a person to distinguish food intoxication from intestinal infection, in which general scheme treatment is needed in a completely different way. An intestinal infection enters the body by airborne droplets or by contact (not through food), it incubation period longer (from a day to a month) and it is characterized by a high temperature that lasts for several days, frequent diarrhea and dehydration.

What to do in case of poisoning

If the problem arose due to the ingress of chemicals or poisonous products into the digestive tract, it is pointless to find out what they drink in case of poisoning: immediate hospitalization of the patient is required. In the case when food spoiled or contaminated with microbes is to blame, you can cope with intoxication on your own. First aid for food poisoning, preceding the main therapy, looks like this:

To provoke vomiting as early as possible - this will prevent toxins from entering the bloodstream, and will speed up the healing process.
Carry out a gastric lavage: after drinking 0.5-1 liters of water (almost in one gulp) to stimulate a new attack of vomiting.
Give an enema if more than 2 hours have passed since the consumption of potentially culpable food. Alternative: take a laxative, but only if there is no stool or constipation, since such a drug strikes the intestines.
Prevent dehydration - drink slowly and in small sips, a single volume of liquid does not exceed half a glass.
Neutralize toxins - use sorbing drugs. Antidiarrheals are not used at this stage, since the natural cleansing of the body will be blocked.

Subsequent treatment involves compulsory adherence to the diet, and the first few hours after the attack, the poisoned person is prescribed complete hunger (it is only allowed to drink in order to quickly remove toxins and prevent dehydration). For a full day, the hungry regime is not stretched, since this slows down the process of restoring the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of poisoning in children and adults requires:

Limit the amount of food entering the body, but ensure plentiful drink... Doctors recommend that the patient drink every 10 minutes after an attack, especially a child. On the next day, the intervals can be increased to half an hour.
Be sure to drink rehydrants - solutions that restore the water-salt balance.
In the diet of the first days, use only cereals in water, puree soups, boiled crushed potatoes (do not use dairy products). For 3-4 days, you can add biscuits, crackers, lean meat, baked apples.

If a poisoned person faints, there are blood impurities in the stool or vomit, a rash appears on the skin, or the skin and eye sclera turn yellow, home self-medication cannot be done. It is required to call an ambulance and provide the victim with first aid, except pure water give nothing to drink. A similar situation occurs with food intoxication of all family members.

What drink

Liquids are required by a poisoned body as a means of cleansing, maintaining water balance and even muffling hunger for the first few hours while food is prohibited. The patient should definitely drink clean water in small sips, but at room temperature or warm, and with it:

soda and salt solutions;
herbal teas;
oat and rice water.

Saline solution

During an attack of vomiting, a person loses 1.5 liters of water, so dehydration occurs quickly, especially if the vomiting is frequent and intense. Drinking clean water is important, but it is even more important to take solutions that retain fluid and replenish its loss. The simplest is saline, but it requires you to follow some rules:

salt is contraindicated for gastric ulcer and gastrointestinal bleeding;
after an attack of vomiting, it is required to rinse the mouth to remove vomit before drinking saline;
the recommended volume of solution for the patient in acute period- 5 ml / kg;
after a decrease in the intensity of the urge to defecate and vomiting, the poisoned person is given 200 ml of solution after each attack of diarrhea, and children - 50 ml.

You can drink saline solution for 2 purposes: to induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach at an early stage of intoxication, or to prevent dehydration. The classic remedy is prepared simply: diluted with 2 tsp. salt in a glass of hot boiled water for adults and 1 tsp. - for children aged 3-12 years. Keep in mind that they drink the solution warm (to induce vomiting, cool to 30 degrees), otherwise you will provoke a gastric spasm. An alternative option for dehydration is 1 tbsp. l. sugar, 1 tsp. salt and 0.5 tsp. soda per 1 liter of water. Drink in small sips, the interval between them is 10 minutes.

Soda for poisoning

In order to normalize the condition in case of food intoxication, it is worth drinking not only saline solution - soda also cleans well, prevents vomiting attacks, helps to get rid of heartburn, since it can reduce the acidity of gastric juice. Such a solution is not prepared when:

peptic ulcer;
bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
acid poisoning.

Unlike saline solution, soda is not the safest and requires caution. It is prescribed for severe diarrhea, heartburn, vomiting, fever, but it is drunk in small quantities. The concentration is always made low: 1 tsp. for 1 liter of warm boiled water. May be supplemented with the same amount of salt. Drink at intervals of 5-10 minutes. 1 st. l. until the disturbing symptoms pass.

What tea to drink

In order to prevent dehydration, gastroenterologists advise a poisoned person to drink strong sweet black tea, but only after eliminating the main symptoms of the problem: diarrhea and vomiting. A slice of fresh lemon or a slice of ginger can help remove any remaining nausea. Green tea can also be drunk, but it does not provide such a fixing effect. A few more options healthy tea:

based on chamomile flowers - to improve the condition of the gastrointestinal tract;
with mint leaves - to eliminate nausea;
with salt - to normalize the water-electrolyte balance.

Medications

A medicinal effect on an organism that has undergone poisoning is not required in all situations: mild food intoxication only implies the intake of sorbents in order to quickly get rid of the residues of harmful substances. If the patient's condition is severe, stronger symptomatic medications may be needed, but it is advisable to select them with a doctor. Gastroenterologists use the following groups of drugs:

Adsorbents (Enterosgel, Atoxil) - bind and remove toxins, are used to treat children and adults, but are not prescribed at temperatures. They must be carried in time with the rest of the medicines (by 1-2 hours).
Rehydrants (Regidron, Acesol) - restore water and electrolyte balance, are used for any poisoning. The introduction is oral or infusion, depending on the condition of the patient.
Painkillers (Drotaverin, Duspatalin) are antispasmodics that are drunk only with severe acute pain accompanying bouts of diarrhea.
Antiemetics (Metoclopramide, Cerucal) - doctors call vomiting a natural defense reaction of the body, which helps to get rid of toxins, but with too intense attacks it can be blocked with drugs.
Antidiarrheal (Kaopektat, Loperamide) - used only for frequent bouts of diarrhea, causing severe dehydration.
Antipyretics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol) are rarely used, mainly in young children and only when the patient knows that the temperature is not caused by an intestinal infection.
Probiotics (Linex, Bionorm) - are used at the final stages of treatment in order to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

From poisoning and vomiting

V pharmacological group antiemetics include several types of drugs that affect nervous regulation... They predominantly block dopamine, serotonin, histamine receptors, reducing the excitability of the vomiting center, or work as local anesthetics... Cerucal is considered a popular and effective antiemetic drug for poisoning: it works on metoclopramide (10.54 mg in a tablet and 5.27 mg in 1 ml of solution), is used orally or intravenously. Key points:

pharmachologic effect: central blocker of dopamine (D2) receptors and serotonin, causes inhibition of the trigger zone of the vomiting center.
Indications: hiccups, nausea, vomiting of any genesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach atony, gastric dyskinesia, stomach ulcer.
Dosage: 1 tablet for adults before meals for half an hour, squeezed warm water, with a frequency of up to 4 times / day (at frequent attacks vomiting). Children over 14 years old no more than 3 tablets per day. Intravenous solution is slowly injected up to 3 times / day, 10 ml at a time.
Contraindications: bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal obstruction, extrapyramidal disorders, age up to 2 years.
Side effects: urticaria, stool disturbances, dry mouth, tachycardia, fluid retention, drowsiness (with frequent use).

An important advantage of Cerucal and other drugs on metoclopramide (Metamol, Metoclopramide, Raglan) is a quick effect on nausea and vomiting of any etiology, excluding vestibular - after half an hour, the state is normalized. Less commonly, doctors prescribe Sturgeon, which works on ondansetron, as an antiemetic drug. Unlike metoclopramide, this substance does not cause an increase in prolactin levels, but its mechanism of action on vomiting is not fully understood. Instructions for use:

Indications: nausea and vomiting of postoperative genesis or caused by taking cystostatics, radiation therapy.
Dosage: the daily dose is 8-32 mg for adults, it is advisable to take no more than 8 mg at a time.
Contraindications: pregnancy, age up to 2 years (tablets) and up to 12 years (high dosages), lactation.
Side effects: headache, arrhythmia, constipation.

Medicines for poisoning and diarrhea

In order to relieve diarrhea, the attacks of which occur more often than 2-3 times / day, you can use decoctions of astringent herbs or drugs with antidiarrheal properties, which are based on loperamide, attapulgite, racecadotril, smectite. Some of them are additionally sorbents. Mainly in case of poisoning, gastroenterologists advise taking medicines for attapulgite, which include Neointestopan (630 mg per 1 tablet):

Kaopektat is similar in pharmacological action to Neointestopan, since it is also on attapulgite, but 1 tablet contains 750 mg of the active substance, which makes this drug more effective (in terms of speed of action). Unlike Neointestopan, Kaopektat is also produced in the form of a suspension, where the same concentration of the active ingredient (750 mg) is achieved when taking 15 ml. The indications and contraindications are identical to those described above, you only need to pay attention to the dosage:

Adults: 2 tbsp. l. suspensions or 2 tablets up to 6 times / day, after each bowel movement.
Children 6-12 years old: 1 tbsp. l. suspensions or 1 tablet up to 6 times / day.
Children under 6 years old: no more than 1 tsp. suspensions up to 6 times / day.

Pain reliever

If acute stage intoxication is accompanied by a strong pain syndrome, causing torment during the urge to defecate and between them, doctors allow taking antispasmodic drugs. The most famous remedy of this type is No-shpa (analogues are Drotaverin, Spazmol). Works on drotaverine, is a myotropic antispasmodic, relaxes the intestinal muscles, allowed for intolerance to M-anticholinergics. Features of use:

Indications: spasms of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract.
Dosage: 1-2 tablets no more than 3 times / day.
Contraindications: hypotension, lactation, pregnancy, renal, heart and liver failure.
Side effects: lowering blood pressure, dizziness, arrhythmia, skin reactions.

Less known are antispasmodics on mebeverin (Duspatalin, Sparex), prescribed only for abdominal pain. They also have a myotropic effect, but do not cause a drop in blood pressure, do not affect normal intestinal peristalsis... In addition to them, the anticholinergic Platyphyllin, used for spasms of smooth muscles of organs, can be used as pain pills for poisoning. abdominal cavity and vascular spasms, or combined remedy Spazmalgon (as part of sodium metamizole, pitofenone hydrochloride and fenpiverinium bromide):

Pharmacological action: analgesic, antispasmodic.
Indications: gastroenteritis, colitis, unspecified abdominal pain.
Dosage: up to 6 tablets per day, 1-2 at a time. After meals with water.
Contraindications: diseases of the heart, liver, kidneys, pregnancy, lactation, age up to 6 years.
Side effects: headache, tachycardia, urticaria.

Sorbents

The most important part of the treatment of poisoning is the intake of adsorbent drugs that help remove toxins from the body, but they are drunk only in the absence of intense vomiting. Other medications can be taken no earlier than 2 hours later, because otherwise, in addition to toxins, useful substances will also be captured. The safest and most affordable adsorbent is white or black activated carbon (and preparations based on it: Carbactin, Sorbeks), but more often gastroenterologists advise Polysorb MP, on silicon dioxide:

Pharmacological action: sorption and detoxification, binding and excretion of exogenous and endogenous toxins, pathogenic bacteria, food allergens, salts of heavy metals.
Dosage: calculated individually, 0.1-0.2 g of powder per kg of weight with a frequency of up to 4 times / day, prepare the suspension exactly before taking it. They drink the medicine 1 hour before meals.
Contraindications: exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, intestinal atony, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
Side effects: allergic reactions.

The disadvantage of Polysorb is the powder format, which requires dilution (the required amount is dissolved in 50-100 ml of water). Similar actions should be performed with drugs Smecta and Neosmectin, working on smectite and, in addition to adsorption, performing an antidiarrheal function. Paste Enterosgel (based on polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) is more convenient from the point of view of use:

Pharmacological action: sorbs and removes medium-molecular toxins, has a detoxifying effect.
Indications: acute and chronic intoxication of any etiology, intestinal infections, poisoning with poisonous substances.
Dosage: 22.5 g (1.5 tbsp. L.) With a frequency of 3 times / day. Daily dose- 67.5 g. Drink with warm water.
Contraindications: intestinal atony.
Side effects: nausea, constipation.

Poisoning medicine for children

Pediatricians advise using only sorbents that help remove toxins to normalize the child's condition. It is advisable to drink antispasmodics, antiemetic and other symptomatic medications only when urgently needed and after consulting a doctor, since such drugs often have a long list of contraindications and negative aspects (in relation to health). The above-mentioned Enterosgel is one of the safest and most effective sorbents; in children it is used as follows:

infants should drink the drug diluted in breast milk or water (0.5 tsp for 1.5 tsp of liquid) before each feeding up to 6 times / day;
children under 5 years old are given 0.5 tbsp. l. Enterosgel (stir in 1.5 tsp of water) up to 3 times / day;
a child aged 5 to 14 years old can drink 1 tbsp. l. (dilute with 3 tbsp. l. water) also 3 times / day;
adolescents over the age of 14 take the adult dose.

Sorbents based on activated carbon are considered more budgets: Karbactin, Microsorb. Among the indications for their use are acute and chronic intoxication of any etiology, intestinal infections, poisoning with poisonous substances. These drugs are safe, contraindicated only for gastric or intestinal bleeding, from side effects only cause constipation. Presented in different dosage forms: capsules, tablets, granules for suspension preparation. Application principle:

Carbactin: no more than 4 g at a time, diluting the powder with water (100-150 ml). Drink 1.5-2 hours before other medicines or food. The frequency of admission is 3 times / day.
Microsorb: water suspension at acute poisoning wash the stomach (prepare a 20% solution), then prepare a solution based on the calculation of 100 mg / kg. The powder is diluted with water (100 ml). Drink before meals for 2 hours, 3-4 times / day.

Folk remedies

Treatment for poisoning can only be based on prescriptions alternative medicine if the patient's condition is not severe. The goals of therapy do not change - to remove toxins, normalize the gastrointestinal tract, restore microflora, prevent dehydration and remove unpleasant symptoms... Help with this:

decoctions of seeds of dill, parsley, caraway seeds;
infusions of wormwood, yarrow;
lemon juice;
tea with mint, ginger.

Infusion of cinnamon

Among food products that have sorbent properties, doctors isolate cinnamon - it binds well and removes toxins without harming the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. To prepare the infusion, mix 200 ml of hot water and 0.5 tsp. ground cinnamon powder. After 10-15 minutes. strain it through cheesecloth, drink in small sips while warm.

Ginger tea

With permanent nausea, mint or ginger tea... The latter is prepared simply: grind fresh root ginger, a teaspoon of the resulting mass, pour a glass of hot water (70-80 degrees). Infuse the mixture for no longer than 5 minutes, then strain, add honey or do without additives at all, and drink slowly in small sips.

Lemon juice

With a low acidity of the stomach, it helps to stop the growth of pathogenic bacteria lemon juice, which is taken the next day after an attack of intoxication. It is squeezed out of 3 fresh lemons, diluted 5: 1 with cool water, and drunk in one gulp. If desired (if very sour), you can add a teaspoon of honey or sugar to it. Reception of such a drug is carried out up to 2 times / day.

Prophylaxis

Inspection of food products for the degree of freshness, appearance, color, taste and smell - main way protection from food intoxication. Observe the norms and terms of storage, especially for meat, fish, seafood, milk, be careful about the dates of manufacture on factory products, the integrity of the packaging. Additionally, observe the following rules:

Remember about hygiene: make it a habit to wash your hands after going outside, using the toilet, before eating, and teach your children to do this.
Heat all animal products, and at least boil over plant foods.
Use different cutting boards for meat, fish, vegetables (fruits).
Do not store ready meals even in the refrigerator for more than 3 days.

Video

In case of intoxication, it is important to start taking measures as early as possible aimed at removing harmful substances from the body, so the question of what drugs can be taken in case of poisoning at home is very relevant.

Why you can get food poisoning

Food intoxication is usually understood as a violation of the functions of organs and systems caused by the ingress of toxins or poisons. By severity there are three types of poisoning: severe, moderate and easy.

The most common pathogens include:

Clostridia perfringens, enters the body as a result of poor-quality processing of meat, poultry, fish;
Stophylococcus aureus, actively multiplies when room temperature... The most likely habitats are salads, dairy products, cakes, pates, sauces;
bacillus cereus, all perishable foods that have not been stored at temperatures up to 6 ° C are susceptible.

Particularly dangerous natural and chemical toxins that can cause food poisoning in domestic conditions are contained in poisonous mushrooms and berries, low-quality, expired food products. Poisoning can also be caused by carelessly washed fruits and vegetables that have been previously treated with pesticides used for plant fertilization. Alcohol and surrogates can also be attributed to this category. So, there are known cases of death from poisoning. methyl alcohol... Food chemical intoxication occurs when vinegar enters the stomach.

Symptoms of food poisoning:

Bacterial: vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and colic, diarrhea.
Viral: fever, chills, tremors, stomach pains, vomiting, fever.
Chemical: increased sweating, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation, pain in the eye area.
Botulism: the central nervous system is affected, vomiting appears, dry mouth, weakness.

If you suspect food poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor, especially if it concerns children. However, the possibility of obtaining medical assistance is not always available.

In acute pathology, it is necessary to take emergency measures, including gastric lavage, intake of sorbing drugs and recovery water-salt balance... The organization of proper dietary nutrition is of great importance. The final stage of treatment is restorative procedures, which include taking multivitamin complexes. As a rule, recovery occurs within 3-5 days.

The clinical picture of food poisoning

The first symptoms of the disease appear during the first 2-6 hours after eating contaminated or poor-quality food. In severe food poisoning, clinical signs may develop in the first hours.

Please note that in the case of botulism, the first signs of the disease may develop in 1-2 days.

In case of food poisoning, the following symptoms develop:

nausea followed by vomiting. Vomit may consist of the remains of eaten, bile, gastric juice. Vomiting gives temporary relief, but then the nausea returns;
abdominal pain can be localized in the stomach or be of the type of intestinal colic;
an increase in body temperature is possible with intestinal infection or with the development of inflammatory complications such as gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis. With salmonellosis, it can rise to 39.5 degrees;
diarrhea develops in the first hours of the disease. With salmonellosis, the stool is foamy, greenish, and with dysentery, it is watery, streaked with blood. Diarrhea can be accompanied by abdominal cramps. profuse diarrhea leads to a rapid increase in dehydration;
flatulence and increased passing of gas is accompanied by pain in the intestinal region;
general weakness, dizziness accompany intoxication syndrome. The patient becomes lethargic, drowsy;
tachycardia (heart palpitations), hypotension (decreased arterial pressure) - signs of toxic effects on the body of food and fluid loss. In case of poisoning with some types of mushrooms, an increase blood pressure... At severe dehydration the pulse becomes weak, arrhythmic;
respiratory failure develops with intoxication of the body. The person breathes frequently, shallowly, complains of shortness of breath;
cramps throughout the body, similar to epileptic seizure, are characteristic of damage to the nervous system by toxins. This is possible with intoxication with mushrooms, fish, alcohol;
impaired consciousness, deep coma - signs serious condition sick. They develop in acute poisoning, infectious toxic shock.

Please note that in young children, the condition worsens faster than in adults. It is very difficult for their body to cope with toxins and loss of fluid and electrolytes.

Why is food poisoning dangerous?

Many people are accustomed to considering food poisoning as a non-dangerous and trivial condition in which they do not need to seek medical help. Really, light poisoning in most cases does not pose a danger to human life, but only the doctor, after examining the patient, can specifically assess the severity of the disease and the patient's condition.

The following are conditions that often develop in the presence of severe foodborne toxicity:

Infectious toxic shock is a condition caused by severe intoxication and profuse loss of fluid. Shock accompanied by disruption of cardio-vascular system, respiration, brain and kidneys.
Acute gastritis develops with severe poisoning of the stomach with toxins. The mucous membrane of this organ becomes inflamed. The patient's temperature rises, the condition worsens.
Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas. The patient feels unbearable girdle pain in the abdomen, he has indomitable vomiting, blood glucose levels may decrease and bruises appear on the skin near the navel. The temperature rises above 38 degrees. This condition requires urgent surgical intervention.
Acute impairment of kidney function is accompanied by a decrease in the amount of urine, edema, and back pain.
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a complication of food poisoning that often occurs in patients chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Black vomiting and stools develop, severe weakness, pallor of the skin, tachycardia.

Cleansing the body

These procedures are necessary, and it is with them that treatment for food poisoning should begin. The purpose of the manipulations is to help the stomach get rid of food debris that caused intoxication and harmful toxins.

Even if the poisoning is accompanied by severe vomiting, this is not enough to completely cleanse the body.... She will have to be called naturally using a special solution.

Washing should take place in the following order:

Prepare a solution of potassium permanganate (water should be pale pink). In the absence of potassium permanganate, you can use ordinary baking soda (1 tablespoon per 2 liters of boiled water at room temperature).
Drink 300-400 ml of solution.
Induce vomiting artificially by pressing fingers on the root of the tongue.
Repeat the procedure several more times. The number of doses of the solution drunk at a time must be at least 500 ml.

Together in the first vomiting, the main part of the food will come out, but gastric lavage can be stopped only when the liquid ejected from the stomach becomes absolutely clean and transparent.

Lack of urge to vomit means that the food that caused the poisoning has moved from the stomach to the intestines... In this case, the washing procedure is already ineffective and meaningless.

Diarrhea, like vomiting, is nothing more than a protective reaction of the body to toxins entering gastrointestinal tract... Some sufferers make a common mistake of trying to drugs, for example, imodium and its analogs, to stop this phenomenon. It should be understood that diarrhea is the fastest and effective method get rid of harmful substances. The retention of feces will lead to the fact that the absorption processes toxic poisons and their rotting will continue, therefore, the patient's condition will worsen. The question of taking antidiarrheal drugs can only be decided by the attending physician.

If the patient does not have diarrhea, you need to cause it with laxatives or enemas. But folk remedies that can provoke diarrhea, it is better not to use, so as not to aggravate the course of the disease.

Reception of sorbents

The next step in the treatment of food poisoning is the introduction of sorbent drugs into the body. The action of these funds is aimed at absorbing harmful elements contained in the stomach, and their speedy excretion.

The most common sorbent used for intoxication is activated carbon. This medicine in the form of standard black tablets can be found in any home medicine cabinet and is an excellent remedy for poisoning. Charcoal should be used in the calculation of one tablet per 10 kilograms of weight. The medicine can be taken in two ways: chew and drink plenty of liquid or dilute in boiled water.

In case of poisoning, you can also take white activated carbon, available in tablets or powder. It is believed that, unlike black, it removes toxins, but does not affect the beneficial elements found in the body.

Another advantage of the white sorbent is the dosage: 2-3 tablets are enough (depending on the age and individual characteristics of the patient, the degree of poisoning).

smecta;
enterosgel;
lactofiltrum;
attapulgite;
polysorb;
polyphepan.

These drugs contribute to the rapid elimination of toxic substances by adsorption. They should be used in the interval between taking other drugs, in the absence of vomiting... Contraindications for admission similar drugs relate heat, stomach ulcer. Elderly people and young children use with caution, after consulting a doctor.

Restoration of water-salt balance

Vomiting and diarrhea, being a natural reaction of the body to toxins, nevertheless contribute to the elimination of nutrients and liquid. Its volume should be replenished. During illness the patient should drink a lot to maintain water balance... Mineral water without gas is best suited for this purpose.

To maintain electrolyte balance, it is recommended to drink water with a small addition table salt(not marine). The solution is prepared from 1 liter of water and 1 tsp. salt. You should drink at least 2-2.5 liters of salted water per day. In this case, a certain rule must be observed: a glass of water an hour before a meal, after a meal you cannot drink for an hour. Thus, the stomach will be prepared for next appointment food and will begin to properly secrete gastric juice.

To restore the mineral balance, the use of the preparations Rehydron and Oralit is indicated.(contain trace elements, glucose and salt).

In case of poisoning, you can also drink weak sweet black or green tea, a decoction of chamomile or rose hips.

Drug treatment for poisoning

After cleansing the body to restore the intestinal microflora, recovery therapy with probiotics is indicated. Normal intestinal biocenosis after intoxication is almost always impaired, therefore after recovery, it is recommended to take medications containing beneficial bacteria ... These include Hilak Forte, Linex, Bionorm, Bioflor.

If food poisoning is accompanied by fever, antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, paracetamol) should be taken.

Self-medication is dangerous! Antibiotics, pain relievers, as well as drugs of a specific orientation (antiemetic and antidiarrheal, etc.) are prescribed by a doctor!

Therapeutic diet

During the period of acute intoxication, the patient, as a rule, does not feel like eating. However, this does not mean that he should refuse to eat. A weakened body needs strength to fight the disease. Besides the stomach and intestines cannot fully restore the epithelium, without food it is problematic. Of course, neither an adult nor a child who does not want to eat can be forced, but specially in medicinal purposes hunger is not practiced.

During poisoning, you should adhere to a strict dietary diet, since the gastrointestinal tract is defective and cannot cope with large amounts of food.

During the period of poisoning, the following are prohibited:

fatty, salty, heavy food;
fermented milk products, including milk;
products fast food, semi-finished products;
alcohol;
sauces, ketchup, mayonnaise;
fruits, vegetables, raw berries;
sweet.

You need to eat 5 times a day, in small portions... Food must be cooked or steamed. Fried foods are excluded.

The patient's diet should consist of:

mashed potatoes in water, without oil;
boiled rice;
oatmeal, semolina porridge (on the water);
chicken meat;
crackers, biscuits;
low-fat broth.

Bananas are allowed as nutritious fruits and watermelons, which have a diuretic effect.

When is hospitalization necessary?

Food poisoning can be successfully treated at home, but in some cases a qualified health care... Hospitalization is indicated for children under the age of three. In babies, treatment of intoxication should be carried out only under supervision. medical staff , as diarrhea and vomiting will very quickly lead to dehydration. A small child is almost impossible to get to drink, and in the hospital he will be injected with intravenous rehydration solutions. Also, pregnant women and elderly people are hospitalized.

Inpatient treatment is indicated for:

intoxication caused by poisonous plants and fungi;
severe poisoning;
diarrhea (more than 10-12 times a day);
high temperature;
diarrhea with blood;
persistent vomiting;
an increase in the symptoms of the disease;
bloating;
loss of consciousness;
excessive weakness.

For any of these signs, an ambulance should be called immediately.

The rehabilitation period after poisoning

Any poisoning is stressful for all organs and systems. It is important to know what to do after poisoning. When you leave the hospital, the doctor will give you advice on proper nutrition and outpatient treatment.

In the first 2 weeks, the patient should adhere to a diet., give up smoking, drinking alcohol, fried, smoked, fatty and spicy.

To restore the intestinal microflora, probiotics are prescribed - preparations that contain beneficial bacteria. In the event of complications (gastritis, cholecystitis), they are treated.

Traditional methods of treating food poisoning

Nobody canceled folk methods of combating intoxication, however they should be resorted to after consulting a doctor and only when mild poisoning.

Infusion of cinnamon

Cinnamon is a natural antispasmodic and natural absorbent. Cinnamon infusion is prepared as follows: pour a pinch of dried and chopped bark with 250 ml of hot water, let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Drink the strained broth during the day in small doses. The recommended volume is 1.5 liters.

Decoction of yarrow and wormwood

Medicinal plants that effectively cleanse the stomach of toxins, brew 1 tablespoon, pour a liter of boiling water. Let it brew for 15 minutes, drain. Divide the broth into 5 equal parts, drink during the day.

You can use all types of plants - roots, flowers, leaves, as they contribute to a speedy recovery. Marshmallow (1 teaspoon of roots or 2 tablespoons of flowers and leaves) pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 4 hours. Drink 3 times a day. You can add half a teaspoon of honey.

Dill broth with honey

Honey contributes to the retention of potassium, which is excreted during diarrhea and vomiting... Dill reduces abdominal pain, eases the course of vomiting, and promotes the early elimination of toxins. Brew a teaspoon of dill seeds with 1.5 cups of boiling water, boil for 3 minutes. Cool, strain, add a teaspoon of beekeeping product to the warm broth. In case of food poisoning at home, the infusion should be taken at least 1 liter per day.

How to avoid food poisoning

Preventive measures to prevent intoxication are reduced to compliance with the necessary hygiene procedures, eating only high-quality products, the correct shelf life.

Practice good personal hygiene.
Thoroughly process vegetables and fruits.
Do not buy products with damaged airtight packaging.
Do not eat expired food.
Do not hesitate to throw away cloudy drinks with sediment, products with unpleasant odor and taste as well ready meals left in the refrigerator for more than three days.
Eat only those mushrooms and berries in which you are confident.
Observe the heat treatment rules when preparing food.
Boil homemade milk.
Drink boiled water.
Destroy cockroaches, flies, rodents in your home - they are carriers of bacteria.
Store raw and cooked meats on separate shelves in the refrigerator.

Follow these simple precautions and you will never experience food poisoning.

The first symptoms of poisoning are easy to recognize: with a painful spasm, the stomach twists, twists the stomach, dizzy and hurts, nausea rolls up, sweats, endless diarrhea torments, pulse quickens. In case of acute intoxication, the clarity of vision is impaired, the skin turns blue, there are periodic cramps in the arms or legs, there are seizures of epilepsy or fainting, the temperature rises (up to 39 ° C).

Such a condition cannot be cured at home, you cannot do without the help of doctors, you should not experiment with your health and risk your life. If vomiting and loose stools do not become less frequent after 24 hours, the body weakens and dehydrates, and salt metabolism is disturbed.

To protect yourself from the consequences, carefully check the expiration dates on the packaging with the food, fry the meat and chicken eggs to the end, do not leave half-baked. The risk zone includes fresh mushrooms, berries, fruit juices. Food spoilage and contamination are caused by infections such as salmonellosis, dysentery, E. coli.

Treating food poisoning

The first signs of malaise appear several hours after eating stale food. The sooner you accept lifesaver, the easier it will be to deal with the problem. Delaying treatment leads to malfunction thyroid gland, liver, kidneys. Toxins are absorbed into the bloodstream, affecting the intestinal mucous walls, and irreversible processes in organism.

The first thing that is required to cleanse the body before the arrival of an ambulance is to rinse the stomach. An exception is made for pregnant women, babies under 2 years old, heart disease and people in a fainting state.

Crush black activated charcoal (3-4 tablets) into small crumbs with a spoon, wash down with a glass warm water... Vomiting will not keep you waiting. If there is no relief, prepare another serving. The sorbent will not cause overdose or intoxication, therefore it does not require specialist advice. The only thing is that it is undesirable to take the drug for more than 15 days - beneficial bacteria and calcium are washed out. In everything you need to know when to stop. The optimal calculation is 1 tablet per 10 kg of weight.

Drink clean water in one gulp, even if you don't feel like it. After 20 minutes, the condition should improve. The tablet has a porous structure and absorbs toxic substances like a sponge. After a day, toxins are removed along with feces... In case of an overdose, the feces become oily, black in color.

Activated carbon can be replaced with "Polysorb" - if the weight exceeds 60 kg, you will need 1-2 tablespoons. white powder with a slide, in 150 ml of boiled water. For children from 11 to 20 kg - 1 tsp. without a slide for 50 ml of water.

To restore the intestinal microflora, appoint "Lactofiltrum", "Arbidol", "Linex", "Hilak Forte", "Duphalac".

Enterosgel settles on the mucous walls of the stomach, restores the work of the gastrointestinal tract, and prevents loose stools. "Smecta" will cope with severe diarrhea.

"Mezim", "Loperamide", "Festal", "Creon", "Digestal" will eliminate bloating and discomfort, normalize the functioning of the intestines.

Antibiotics ("Ofloxacin", "Ciprofloxacin") are prescribed individually, after examination and passing the necessary tests. Most antibiotics have a negative effect by disrupting the intestinal microflora. An improperly selected medicine can harm health, provoke new bouts of diarrhea, and flush out beneficial bacteria along with toxins. In case of severe poisoning, a person is treated in a hospital, cleansing droppers are placed.

The restoration of salt metabolism occurs gradually. The main rule is to drink as many liquids as possible: mineral non-carbonated water, or water with the addition edible salt and soda. In order not to bother with cooking, you can buy a special salt mixture "Regidron" at the pharmacy. For babies, Glucosolan is prescribed.

For full recovery, brew chamomile teas or teas with a weak brew. The first days, refrain from heavy food - only chicken broth, some crackers, chicken breast steamed, fruit. After poisoning, you are unlikely to want to eat. Food must contain vitamin C... Completely exclude alcoholic beverages, coffee, sweets from the diet.

For painful abdominal cramps they drink Duspatalin, No-shpu or more cheap analog- "Drotoverin".

The remedy "Cerucal" will help from vomiting. The solution for intravenous injection is easy to prepare, but it is better to have the procedure done by a doctor (at home, you can get an infection or give the injection the wrong way).

Acute food poisoning requires as much early start treatment, since it depends on how much of the toxin has time to be absorbed into the blood and begin its destructive effect.

At the first symptoms of food poisoning, you can help yourself on your own, but, nevertheless, assessing your condition sensibly - many food poisoning is life threatening... Therefore, it is most correct to seek help from health workers, especially with small children.

General principles of the treatment of food poisoning and differences from the treatment of intestinal infections

Light food poisoning in the general mass, especially those that often happen in everyday life, do not belong to serious illnesses... Even without treatment, such conditions go away on their own within 1-3 days. The main directions of treatment:

elimination of intoxication and the earliest possible elimination of toxins from the body;
prevention);
restoration of intestinal biocenosis;
restoration of the gastrointestinal tract through a gentle diet.

The fundamental difference in the treatment of intestinal infections is the often prescribed etiotropic treatment to destroy the causative agent of the disease that is actively multiplying in the body (antibiotics or antiviral drugs). In addition, the treatment of intestinal infections (botulism, rotavirus, enterovirus, etc.) is a long-term process that often occurs only in a hospital setting.

First aid for food poisoning

The earliest treatment for food poisoning, which actually plays the role of first aid to the victim, is extremely important - after all, the earlier the fight with the incoming toxic substance is started, the rather an organism cope with intoxication.

Cleansing the stomach

As a rule, the body itself signals the need to empty the stomach when a poor-quality product gets there. But vomiting the natural urge is not enough to flush the stomach as much as possible.

After the first attack of vomiting, you need to drink about half a liter of warm water, maybe salted, with the addition of potassium permanganate or soda (weak solution!). With the next attack of vomiting, the main amount of food masses will come out, but washing, if possible, should be carried out before throwing clean water out of the stomach.

Of course, you should not strongly provoke vomiting if there is no urge to do so - probably, the spoiled product has already left the stomach and is in the intestines.

Reimbursement of lost fluid

Diarrhea and vomiting are protective reactions of the body, but in addition to removing toxins, fluid is excreted and lost, the volume of which must be replenished. At home, after each bowel movement or vomiting attack, it is necessary to take about 200 grams of liquid, but only in small sips: still mineral water, boiled water, glucose-saline solution (for 1 liter of boiled water, 3 tablespoons of sugar and 1 tsp of salt).

Natural bowel cleansing

The main mistake in diarrhea associated with food poisoning is trying to stop it by taking imodium and similar drugs. Diarrhea is the fastest and most massive elimination of toxins from the body. The retention of feces in the intestines is tantamount to a blockage in the drain pipe, because the processes of decay and absorption of toxic products will continue intensively. Only a doctor decides on the appointment of antidiarrheal drugs.

Observance of hunger

Earlier, at the peak of symptoms, it was recommended to refrain from eating food, especially since there is always no appetite for poisoning. The gastrointestinal tract is functioning inadequately, therefore, it is necessary to withstand therapeutic hunger during the first days of the disease. However, since Now, hunger is not used in treatment, since the intestines and stomach must restore their epithelium, and without food this is impossible. It’s over, if you don’t feel like eating, then they don’t force-feed. But it is not recommended to specifically observe hunger, especially for children.

When is hospitalization necessary

In most cases, symptoms of food poisoning can be managed at home.
Hospitalization is indicated for the following variants of the course of food poisoning:

almost any food poisoning in a child under 3 years old. Treating food poisoning in a child younger age carried out only under the supervision of medical personnel, since vomiting and diarrhea quickly lead the body to a state of dehydration, which is very dangerous in childhood. Besides, little child it is difficult to force to drink a large amount of liquid, in a hospital setting it is possible intravenous administration rehydration solutions;
food poisoning in pregnant women and elderly patients;
poisoning by mushrooms, poisonous plants, inedible liquids and compounds;
severe food poisoning, accompanied by:
- diarrhea more than 10 times a day;
- diarrhea mixed with blood;
- high fever that persists during the second day of the disease;
- indomitable vomiting;
- strong growing weakness;
poisoning with increasing symptoms for 2-3 days of the disease.

Drug treatment of poisoning

At easy course food poisoning, no specific treatment may not be needed at all, the main thing is to drink more and follow a sparing diet. Recall that only a doctor can adequately assess a person's condition and determine the need and scope of treatment.

Rehydration therapy (rehydrants)	When food poisoning is diagnosed, treatment with rehydrant drugs is essential as it restores electrolyte and water deficits in the body. This type of therapy can be oral and, in severe cases or when restoring the volume of fluid in young children - parenteral. Oral rehydration with special solutions can also be carried out at home, since their use is simple and straightforward, moreover, oral rehydrants should always be in a traveler's medicine cabinet.
Rehydration therapy (rehydrants)	Oral rehydration drugs Oralite Regidron Chlorazole Litrozole	Parenteral rehydration preparations Trisol Quartasol Acesol Chlosalt Lactosol
Sorption therapy (enterosorbents)	Action	Basic drugs:
Sorption therapy (enterosorbents)	Preparations from this group help to quickly eliminate toxins by adsorption. Their use is justified in the absence of vomiting, as well as in the two-hour interval between taking other medications. Sorption therapy is not carried out at high temperatures, and is prescribed with caution to young children and elderly patients.	black and white coal, attapulgit, smecta, enterosgel, polyphepan, sorbogel,
Pain therapy (antispasmodics)	These medicines are indicated for significant pain symptom accompanied by diarrhea, with painful urge to defecate.	noh-pa, drotaverin, spazmalgon, spasgun.
Antibacterial and antimicrobial therapy (antibiotics and antimicrobial drugs)	These drugs are very rarely prescribed for food poisoning and are indicated for mixed poisoning. Unjustified prescription of antibiotics and combined antimicrobial drugs aggravates the picture of dysbiosis, which develops as a result of the disease.	furazolidone, nifuroxazide, intrix, ersefuril, phthalazole.
Antiemetic and antidiarrheal therapy	Since both vomiting and diarrhea are protective reactions of the body, these, in in this case, the normal reactions of the body should not be forced. V extreme cases, when vomiting and diarrhea become indomitable, and the bulk of the toxin has already come out with vomit and feces, the following can be prescribed:	antiemetic - cerucal, motiluim; antidiarrheal -, trimebutin (see)
Antipyretic therapy (NSAIDs)	As a rule, with food poisoning, hyperthermia does not reach high numbers, but for people who do not tolerate elevated temperature, as well as children can be assigned:	ibuklin (paracetamol + ibuprofen).
Microflora restoring therapy (pro- and eubiotics)	After food poisoning, the normal intestinal biocenosis is almost always disrupted. Therefore, during the recovery period, drugs containing beneficial bacteria or their components are prescribed:	bifidumbacterin, linex; enterojermine; bionorm; bioflor; bactisubtil (see)

Other treatments for food poisoning

In case of severe poisoning, as well as in the absence of vomiting or to induce it into stationary conditions gastric lavage is performed.

With the help of a probe, which is inserted into the oral cavity and gently moves into the stomach cavity, water is introduced and excreted until the excreted fluid becomes transparent. The average adult needs to use about 10 liters of water to effective washing stomach.

In the absence of diarrhea, in case of dangerous and severe poisoning, a siphon enema is performed in the hospital.

With the help of a special hose and funnel, the liquid, the composition of which is determined by the doctor (can be water with potassium permanganate, sodium chlorine, etc.), is carefully introduced into the intestine through the anus, then the funnel quickly descends and the water leaves the intestine. Washing is carried out to clean water, the volume of consumed liquid is also about 10 liters.

Traditional methods of treating food poisoning

Treating food poisoning folk remedies possibly with a mild course and after prior consultation with a doctor.

Infusion of cinnamon

Cinnamon is considered a natural antispasmodic and also a natural sorbent. Pour half a teaspoon of ground cinnamon into a glass of boiling water and stir. The infusion is kept for 15 minutes and filtered. It is taken warm during the day. The liquid is drunk in small sips, the daily volume is 1.5 liters.

Marshmallow roots, flowers and leaves

A good remedy that shortens the recovery time from food poisoning. The roots should be crushed and 1 teaspoon pour 0.5 cups of boiling water, let it brew for 30 minutes, strain the infusion, add honey to taste, you can drink 1 tbsp. spoon 4 r / day. Marshmallow flowers and leaves - 2 tbsp. spoons pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, leave for 4 hours, drink like tea 3 times a day.

Dill broth with honey

Dill helps to eliminate toxins as quickly as possible and makes vomiting easier without stopping it. Honey retains potassium, which is also lost through vomiting and diarrhea. One teaspoon of dill seeds is poured with one and a half glasses of boiling water and insisted for a couple of minutes. Then the infusion must be boiled for 2 minutes, strain and dissolve a teaspoon of honey in the resulting volume.
It is taken during the day, the daily volume is -1 liter.

Wormwood and yarrow decoction

Wormwood and yarrow help cleanse the body of toxic substances. One teaspoon of dry plants is mixed with 500 ml of boiling water, infused for 15 minutes. The resulting infusion, having previously filtered, is taken within a day, dividing into 5 equal parts.

Lemon juice

Squeeze the juice of 3 lemons, dilute with water and add sugar to taste. Drink the juice in one gulp, it is believed that lemon juice stops the growth of bacteria. This method is contraindicated for persons with and with other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, when acidic foods are contraindicated.

Nutrition during the recovery period

For several days after poisoning, you can not eat heavy and fatty foods, you should limit milk and any dairy products. Spicy and alcohol is also prohibited.

You should eat fractionally, in small portions. Meat products must be prepared exclusively in a dietary manner and in chopped form. Boiled potatoes, rice are good side dishes.

Adequate drinking regime during the recovery period is also important, since the body needs to replenish the lost volume. You can drink weak green tea, chamomile tea, slightly sweetened and warm.

Prevention of food poisoning

Sufficient heat treatment of food
Compliance with temperature regimes of food storage, compliance with expiration dates
Eating only proven and edible mushrooms and plants
Pre-boil homemade milk, water from non-centralized sources
Compliance with the rules of hygiene when preparing food (thorough washing of dishes, as well as fruits, vegetables), compliance with personal hygiene

When purchasing dairy products, it is necessary to check the integrity of the packaging

Don't eat unfamiliar foods

Meat and fish must undergo high-quality heat treatment

Fight against flies, cockroaches, mice - carriers of infections

Store raw and finished meat products separately in the refrigerator

Do not eat ready-made meals that have been stored for more than 3 days (even in the refrigerator)