Modern sorbents. Adsorbent - what is it? Names of drugs. Absorbents from food

Adsorbents are preparations, their name comes from the word “absorb”. Thus, intestinal adsorbents are a group of drugs that accumulate, absorb and excrete bad cholesterol, toxins, waste and other “pollutants” from the body. Used in the treatment of diseases digestive tract.

Active Ingredients

Important: the nature of the effect of such drugs on the body directly depends on their composition. The basis of such drugs, intended to remove all “pollution” from the body, may be the following components:

Activated carbon. It, like a sponge, absorbs gases, toxins and other substances that poison the body from the inside. In addition to the drug of the same name, it is present in Sorbex, Carbolong, Carbosorb.
Polyvinylpyrrolidone. It is a water-soluble polymer. Accumulates toxins, poisons, deactivates them. Medicines containing polyvinylpyrrolidone: Enterodes, Enterosorb.
Silicon. Even the minimum content of this substance in a particular preparation ensures high-quality adsorption. The microelement removes allergens and toxins from the body. Names of adsorbent preparations with silicon: Atoxil, Enterosgel, Polysorb.
Cellulose. Provides detoxification of the body, promotes weight loss, regulates glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood. Medicines containing this substance are microcrystalline and double cellulose.
Clay powder. Demonstrates a selective adsorbing effect, found in such pharmaceutical drugs, like White Clay and Smecta.
Chitin. Clears the gastrointestinal tract of contaminants, has a positive effect on intestinal functions, regulates cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood, chitin-based preparations are an excellent prevention of diabetes. In pharmacies you can find food supplements containing this substance - Chitosan, Chitin.
Zeolite. Has a positive effect on metabolism, adsorbs and removes harmful cholesterol and other “pollutants” from the body, helps fast healing wounds on the skin, has immunomodulatory properties. Zeolite-based adsorbent preparations: Baktistatin, Litovit-M.

Pharmacy products

With bloating, alcohol abuse, and pathological “craving” for unhealthy heavy foods, many people turn to enterosorbents for help. Such drugs are available in several dosage forms- powders, tablets, capsules. Let's consider the most popular means with adsorbing properties, which can be found on pharmacy shelves:

Polyphepan. Powder or tablets based on lignin. Cleanses the intestines of “pollution”, is non-toxic, indicated for children and pregnant women. Take the drug three times a day at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of body weight.
White coal. Enterosorbent with silicon dioxide. As such, the drug has no negative consequences or contraindications; with prolonged use, experts advise replenishing the deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body - they are eliminated along with harmful substances.
Sorbolong. The adsorbent is available in capsules and helps to quickly cope with symptoms alcohol intoxication, diarrhea and drug poisoning. Possible side effects include flatulence and nausea.
Smecta. “Soft” enterosorbent, which is well suited for children. Actively used in the treatment of diarrhea (acute, chronic, infectious origin), combating heartburn and flatulence. An important feature of the drug is that its components are not absorbed by the body, but are excreted from it unchanged.

The so-called “sorbed probiotics” are included in a separate medicinal group - they not only cleanse the intestines of impurities, but also “introduce” beneficial microflora into it (it is necessary for healthy digestion). Examples of drugs: Baktistatin, Lactofiltrum.

Indications for use

Who and in what cases can take enterosorbents:

people who have suffered acute food poisoning;
those who need to eliminate the consequences of alcohol intoxication;
use of sorbents – necessary measure for the prevention of obesity with regular overeating;
enterosorbents help to “free” the body from the consequences of intoxication due to drug and drug poisoning;
drugs are used for withdrawal symptoms in drug addicts and withdrawal symptoms (hangover) in alcoholics;
similar medications are used to combat liver and kidney failure;
enterosorbents are included in the general course of treatment of diseases of the digestive tract;
Patients with various allergic manifestations can take adsorbents.

IN everyday practice Enterosorbent drugs are most often used to relieve alcohol intoxication and to eliminate the consequences of food poisoning. It must be taken into account that during the next 2 hours after taking a drug with adsorbing properties, it is necessary to mandatory empty the intestines. In a different situation drug-related toxins will begin to be “released” back, spread through the blood throughout the body and will only worsen the patient’s well-being.

Precautionary measures

With prolonged use, intestinal enteric agents can cause constipation, problems with the absorption of proteins, fats, vitamins, and microelements.

A number of drugs cause:

dyspeptic symptoms (vomiting, nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain);
pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas);
skin problems - dermatitis, urticaria, acne.

Taking such medications is also associated with dehydration, so it is necessary to promptly replenish the fluid deficit in the body (it is better to give preference to purified water without gas, herbal teas, fresh juices).

Important: the main contraindications to home use enterosorbents are intestinal obstruction and patient hypersensitivity to the active components of the drug.

Pulmonologist, Therapist, Cardiologist, Doctor functional diagnostics. Doctor highest category. Work experience: 9 years. Graduated from Khabarovsk State Medical Institute, clinical residency in therapy. I am engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases internal organs, I also conduct medical examinations. I treat respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal tract, of cardio-vascular system.

is a group of drugs that can absorb and retain particles of gaseous and liquid substances. In medicine they are used to remove allergens, microorganisms, poisonous and toxic components from the intestinal lumen or from the wound cavity (less commonly).

Absorbents are necessary to eliminate the following pathological conditions:

Types and list of absorbent drugs

Absorbents differ in nature:

carbon ( Activated carbon);
organosilicon (“Polysorb”);
with magnesium and/or aluminum ions (“Almagel”);
based on polyvinylpyrrolidone and iodine (“Enterodes”);
containing lignin and/or cellulose (“Polifan”);
based on smectite (“Smecta”);
containing zeolite (“Bactistatin”).

Activated carbon

This is a drug natural origin, which is non-toxic. It is not absorbed in the intestines and is excreted in the feces, turning them dark. The drug is safe for pregnant and lactating women and is approved for use in pediatrics.

The use of coal is effective for poisoning caused by for various reasons(poor quality food, medications, alcohol), digestive disorders.

But there are also contraindications: hypersensitivity to the product (allergy), the presence ulcerative lesions gastrointestinal tract and gastric bleeding.

"Polysorb MP"

“Polysorb” acts not only in the intestinal lumen, but also participates in osmotic processes: this drug promotes the movement of toxic substances from the blood and lymph into the gastrointestinal tract, exhibiting a complex effect on the body. The drug is not absorbed by the intestinal walls. The powder must be diluted with water before use.

Indicated when food poisoning, infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by diarrhea, as well as viral hepatitis.

“Smecta” not only has an absorption effect, but also stabilizes the mucous barrier of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the amount of mucus.

Indications for use: acute or chronic diarrhea, pain syndrome for intestinal diseases.

The drug is contraindicated in hypersensitivity, intestinal obstruction, fructose intolerance. Approved for use by pregnant women, lactating women and children from birth.

"Enterodes"

The drug is available in powder form, which must be diluted in 50 ml of cold water. It acts in the intestinal lumen and is excreted unchanged. Used as aid for acute infectious gastrointestinal infections: salmonellosis, dysentery, food toxic infections.

The drug may cause a short-term feeling of nausea, which quickly disappears and should not serve as a reason for withdrawal. Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

"Atoxil"

Ukrainian drug, analogue – Polysorb. It can be used both internally (acts in the intestines) and externally - applied to the wound. Absorbs toxic substances and waste products of microorganisms.

Indications include acute intestinal diseases, hepatitis, the presence of purulent wounds and burns.

Contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to the drug, peptic ulcer disease digestive organs, erosive lesions intestines, intestinal obstruction. Not recommended for use by women during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Features of the use of absorbents

With simultaneous use of drugs different groups with absorbents, it is necessary to observe a break between doses of drugs: absorbents are capable of absorbing not only harmful substances, but also medications. Therefore, it is worth using them 1-1.5 hours before or after taking the main product.
Absorbents can remove vitamins and microelements from the body, so the treatment period should not exceed 5-7 days.
To nutrients from food into the blood, you need to use sorbents between meals.
The use of absorbents must be accompanied by mandatory water consumption (up to 2-2.5 liters of water per day) to avoid dehydration.

Below we will consider the advisability of using absorbents in individual cases.

In case of poisoning

Regardless of which group the absorbent belongs to, the most effective technique the remedy will be in the first hour after consuming low-quality food, alcohol, or medicine. This is explained by the fact that molecules of toxic substances are quickly absorbed through the intestinal mucosa into the blood. If symptoms of intoxication are detected early, then almost any absorbent will help - from the latest generation of drugs.

But it is not always possible to quickly track the development of unfavorable processes in the body. All absorbents act only in the intestinal lumen and are not absorbed into the bloodstream, so there is no point in using them if more than 2-3 hours have passed after poisoning, when toxins have already entered the bloodstream. In this case, hemodialysis will help.

Treatment with absorbents at home should not last long: if the symptoms of poisoning (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) do not disappear within 12-24 hours, you should urgently seek qualified medical help.

To cleanse the body

Absorbents of natural origin containing activated carbon (Sorbex), lignin (Filtrum-STI) or smectite (Smecta) are suitable for purification.

It is necessary to use absorbents with caution to cleanse the body: since these drugs remove and useful material(vitamins, minerals), then the period of their use should not exceed 7 days. In this case, you need to replenish the missing substances by taking multivitamin complexes.

To maintain a healthy balance of microflora, it is recommended to use. Or use sorbents that additionally contain substances to feed beneficial bacteria, for example, “Lactofiltrum” (contains lactulose), “Acipol Active” (with).

For allergies

Absorbents are capable of binding allergen particles and immune complexes formed as a result of an allergic reaction. Due to this, the body is able to recover faster and accelerate detoxification processes.

For weight loss

But the use of absorbents for weight loss is a myth. The effect of reducing volumes occurs due to the banal ability of the drugs to eliminate the manifestations of increased gas formation. The bloating is eliminated - the waist size is “decreased”. Of course, for general cleansing of the intestines, you can use sorbents for a while. But to lose weight, it’s worth reconsidering and possibly changing your lifestyle.

For children

Not all absorbents are suitable for use in pediatrics - this is directly stated in the instructions for the drug. IN in case of emergency(for example, on vacation, where there is no hospital nearby), you can give the child a sorbent of natural origin, following the dosage (usually it is 1.5-2 times lower than for an adult), fractionally throughout the day. But, if your baby shows symptoms of poisoning, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible: children's body more sensitive to microbial invasions.

Usually, poisoning is easier and simpler to prevent than to treat: it is enough to pay attention to the quality of food (and alcohol) consumed, observe hygiene and safety measures when working with chemicals.

A sorbent is a substance that has the property of binding chemical compounds, vapors, gases and other elements. In medicine they are used to cleanse the body of poisons, toxins and waste. In addition, modern sorbents are effective against poisoning by heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides and radionuclides.

They operate as follows:

bind foreign agents and neutralize their harmful effects;
accelerate the movement of poisons to the nearest exit;
promote the processing of undigested food residues;
fixed and transferred physiologically active substances– cholesterol, bile acids, enzymes;
facilitate the work of the liver – the body’s natural filter;
help the process of natural self-cleaning;
improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

To prove the effectiveness of sorbents, the French scientist Bertrand publicly took a teaspoon of arsenic mixed with coal in 1830. Thus, he convinced the public of the ability of sorbents to neutralize the effects of poisons.

Substances with sorbing properties are popular not only in medicine - they are used for disinfection and water purification, in the chemical and gas industries, as well as in heat and power engineering Unisorb.

Types of sorbents

Based on the principle of absorption of foreign substances, the following main groups are distinguished:

absorbents that form a single solution or solid mixture with foreign agents;
adsorbents that bind other elements with their own surface;
ion exchangers that perform ion exchange.

Several types of sorbents are used in medicine:

enterosorbents - substances taken orally, appropriate for the treatment of intestinal pathologies, eliminating symptoms of intoxication and comprehensive cleansing of the body;
products for external use - ointments and creams that help with skin pathologies, ulcers, burns, diaper rash, fungal diseases;
solutions for intravenous administration– purify blood and plasma (hemosorbents and plasmasorbents).

Classification by chemical composition defines the following types of sorbents:

carbon - from activated or granular carbon;
based on clay materials – zeolites and aluminosilicates;
silicon-containing;
from plant dietary fiber with or without additional processing;
ion exchange - created from natural or synthetic resins.

Absorbent preparations are available in several dosage forms:

tablets;
dragee;
granules;
powders;
gels;
pastas.

The form of the drug is chosen taking into account the desired effect:

powders are able to interact with toxins located not only in the intestines, but even in the patient’s stomach;
gels and pastes do not require preliminary dilution, but do not tolerate negative temperatures;
granules and powders must be washed down or diluted with water;
tablets are convenient and practical, but last longer;
Dragees are not suitable for all patients due to the presence of additives in the composition.

Sorbents for cleansing the body for allergies

Due to the ability of sorbents to purify the blood, they are successfully used for various types of allergies:

hives;
atopic dermatitis;
Quincke's edema;
bronchial asthma;
food or drug allergies;
reactions to pollen;
insect bites.

The drug is prescribed when the first symptoms appear; Duration of treatment: 1–2 weeks. It is used in combination with antihistamines.

For acute allergic reactions – severe redness skin, peeling and uncontrollable itching, it is permissible to use a loading dose of medications (about 2 g/kg body weight). Such treatment should last no more than 2–3 days.

To prevent allergies in people who are predisposed to them, a course is carried out: take 0.2-0.5 g/kg body weight for one week of the month, then take a 3-week break, and so on for 3 months after an exacerbation. After taking a break, you can resume the course four times a year.

Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of alcohol

To reduce the toxic effects of future libations, enterosorbents are taken 10–15 minutes before the start of the feast. The next dose should be taken after the end of the event, and another one the next morning to eliminate a hangover.

Enterosorbents are also used for acute alcohol poisoning. In this case, preparations containing lignin are recommended. After gastric lavage, drink a single dose in accordance with the instructions, and after another 5-7 hours, repeat the dose.

Many alcoholic drinks have diuretic properties. Therefore, in case of a severe hangover, as well as to prevent dehydration, it is useful to drink a rehydron solution (10 ml per 1 kg of body weight). If it is not available, you can replace it with a homemade glucose-saline solution or brine.

Natural sorbents for cleansing the body

Some natural substances have sorption abilities. This tendency is most pronounced in pectins - fibers that swell when they enter the intestines. Thus, excess moisture is removed along with toxins, as well as excess cholesterol, mercury and lead.

Natural sorbents are obtained by extraction from citrus fruits, apples and seaweed. They are processed and released in the form of dietary supplements (dietary supplements).

One of the most famous such sorbents is Akvion, a preparation made from apple pectin, produced in liquid form. It removes toxins and residual products of drug breakdown from the body, and also normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract due to the presence of the prebiotic inulin in the composition.

To carry out preventive cleansing of the body, you can include in your diet foods that differ high concentration pectins:

pears;
plums;
grape;
strawberries;
raspberries;
cabbage;
beets;
carrot;
buckwheat;
oatmeal.

In addition to pectins, the following natural sorbents are useful for cleansing the body:

chitin is a substance found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and invertebrates. On its basis, the amino sugar chitosan is created, which has a unique molecular structure. Chitosan binds hydrogen ions, acquiring a positive ionic charge, and also has chelating properties. This is a universal sorbent that improves intestinal motility, increasing the volume feces and neutralizing excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach. According to some reports, chitosan also helps with hypertension, removing the negative effects of NaCl;
fiber - the membrane of plant cells, rough alimentary fiber, capable of binding waste and toxins in the intestines. It is found in some foods (whole grains, peels of vegetables and fruits, husks of legumes). For prevention, it is recommended to consume about 35 grams daily;
cellulose is a type of fiber present in large quantities in bran, Brussels sprouts, unsifted wheat flour, apples, cucumber peel. Can be used as biologically active additive to food.

You need to gradually adjust your diet by introducing new products with cleansing properties. Maximum amount healthy ingredients, natural sorbents, is stored in raw vegetables and fruits, as well as whole grain cereals.

Sorbents for children

Absorbent preparations for children are used for food poisoning, but only after preliminary consultation with the attending pediatrician. Up to a year the following funds are used:

Polysorb MP;
Filtrum;
Smecta.

Older children are allowed:

Atoxil (from one year of age);
Enterosgel, Sorbolong (from 3 years);
Sorbex, activated carbon, Karbolen, Karbolong (from 7 years);
white coal(from 14 years old).

Danger self-use consists in the sensitivity of the children's gastrointestinal tract and the possibility of injury to the mucous membranes. When choosing a specific medicine, preference is given to products based on natural ingredients.

Sorbents in tablets

The most available tableted sorbents:

Activated carbon. It is created on the basis of wood or coal coke that has undergone additional processing. The drug is characterized by a low sorption capacity – 5 mg/g. For the purpose of prevention, activated charcoal is taken 1-2 tablets per week in the morning with a glass of water. For acute intoxication, the dosage is 1 tablet per 1 kg of body weight (the daily volume is divided into several doses). The product has a low selective ability, absorbing not only harmful, but also beneficial substances. At long-term use appear side effects:

nausea;
heartburn;
flatulence;
pain in the abdomen.

Activated carbon works within 30 minutes after administration; Maximum effectiveness occurs after 5–6 hours. In addition to its enterosorbing properties, it reduces intoxication of the body and eliminates diarrhea.

Currently, it is used mainly due to its widespread use (sold in literally every pharmacy) and affordability.

Filtrum and Laktofiltrum. They contain lignin and lactulose and are suitable for the treatment of long-term intoxications. The drugs remove breakdown products of alcohol and drugs, ammonia, metal salts and radionuclides, and also normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora, creating favorable conditions for the growth of beneficial bacteria. They are accepted as follows:

children from 3 to 7 years old – 1 tablet;
adolescents under 12 years old – 1-2 tablets;
adults – 3 tablets three times a day.

If the condition is acute, continue taking it for 5 days; for chronic diseases, follow the recommendations for 2–3 weeks.

White coal is a product based on silicon dioxide and sucrose. Not suitable for people with diabetes mellitus. Otherwise, it has many positive properties:

high sorption capacity (2 tablets per day are enough);
elimination of dysbacteriosis and flatulence;
removal of toxins resulting from chronic diseases Gastrointestinal tract and malnutrition;
improvement of peristalsis;
effective against intestinal infections, allergies and acute poisoning.

Bionorm - tablets containing the prebiotic lactulose, lignin and cellulose. It is not an officially recognized medicinal product and is classified as food additives. Prescribed 2-3 tablets three times a day; Duration of admission – 14 days.

Sorbents in capsules

Names of sorbents for body cleansing in capsules:

Sorbex. It is created on the basis of activated carbon obtained from coconut shells. The substance does not undergo chemical changes, but has an increased sorption capacity and has a longer effect (1.5–2 days).
Sorbolong is a mixture of inulin with Enterosgel, used for severe acute conditions (overdose medicines, alcohol intoxication, gastrointestinal disorders), as well as planned cleansing. You need to adhere to the following dosage:

children from 3 to 5 years old – 5 grams;
from 5 to 14 years – 10 grams;
adults – 15 grams, three times a day.

Powders, gels and pastes

The most popular drugs in this group are:

Carbolong is a black powder based on stone charcoal. Available in packages for single use of 5–10 grams, and larger packages of 100 and 150 grams. It has the same scope of application as activated carbon, and is also effective for hyperacid gastritis. Prescribed 5-10 grams three times a day; course of treatment – 3–15 days.
Enterodesus, active substance- povidone. Does not remove useful substances from the body; appropriate for poisoning light weight and as a prophylactic agent. Suitable during pregnancy; course – 2–15 days.
Smecta is a clay-based powder. Envelops and soothes the mucous membrane, eliminates diarrhea, removes poisons and toxins. Available in single packages with a dosage of 3 grams each. Duration of treatment – 1–4 weeks; in case of acute poisoning, the dose is tripled. Can be mixed with juice, puree or any semi-liquid product. Contains flavorings.
Polyphepan - powder dark brown based on lignin, in bags of 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 grams. Mix with water, take a tablespoon four times a day, for 5–7 days. It not only has a sorption effect, but also reduces cholesterol levels in the blood. For comprehensive cleansing, the course is extended for a month.
Enterosgel is a silicon-based sorbent, white gel or paste. Requires dissolution in 100 ml of water. In addition to acute conditions, it is appropriate in complex therapy stagnation of the gastrointestinal tract (except for intestinal atony). To a small child can be given without adding water (one dessert spoon).
Polysorb is a non-selective enterosorbent based on silica, a bluish powder for preparing a suspension. Characterized by detoxification and sorption effects, it is allowed during pregnancy and for children from the first day of life. It has wide range applications including:

food and drug allergies;
viral hepatitis;
food poisoning;
intestinal infections;
chronic renal failure;
purulent-septic diseases;
prevention for residents in areas with polluted ecology.

Effective sorbent for comprehensive body cleansing

Drugs used to cleanse the body should be assessed according to the following criteria:

level of sorption capacity, the amount of foreign agents that can bind 1 g of sorbent;
toxicity – Negative influence on the body, causing side effects;
selectivity of action - lack of tendency to remove useful substances from the body - vitamins, enzymes, micro- and macroelements;
versatility - the ability to bind molecules different sizes and masses;
speed and duration of exposure after taking the drug;
ease of storage and use, taking into account the dosage form of the drug;
the presence of additional properties - for example, a calming effect on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.

Rules for using sorbents to cleanse the body

When using medications, you must follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Generally general rules The applications of sorbents are as follows:

the daily dosage is calculated taking into account the patient’s body weight, and is taken in several stages;
Regardless of the form of the drug, administration should be accompanied by the consumption of liquid (boiled or mineral water);
for greater efficiency, tableted sorbents can be crushed and mixed with water;
all aqueous suspensions, suspensions and solutions are prepared immediately before use;
if you are taking other medications (Nifuroxazide, Loperamide, Enterol, etc.), you should take a break of at least 2 hours;
sorbents can be taken an hour after a meal or 1.5 hours before it;
in case of poisoning, the drugs are used immediately after identifying symptoms and providing first aid; white sorbent
Long-term use of sorbents must be compensated by the introduction of vitamin-mineral complexes.

Enterosorbents, used for routine comprehensive protection of the body, are taken in a course lasting from 10 days to two weeks. Cleansing must be accompanied by parallel intake of vitamins and probiotics.

For more effective cleaning the body should minimize the intake of new harmful substances following these rules:

quitting tobacco and alcohol;
regular walks in the fresh air;
physical activity;
drink plenty of fluids - at least 2 liters clean water(in addition to tea, juices, decoctions) per day;
dietary food, with a minimum amount of spices, fried and smoked foods.

The best sorbents for cleansing the body: list of drugs

Taking into account the cause of intoxication, the following drugs are recognized as the best:

For dysbacteriosis and intestinal infections - enterosorbents with additives of prebiotics and probiotics:

Sorbolong;
Lactobioenterosgel;
Lactofiltrum;
Bactistatin.

For allergies - non-selective coals:

Carbolene;
Carbolon;
Sorbex.

For alcohol poisoning - lignin-based products:

Lignosorb;
Polyphepan;
Liferan.

For liver diseases - drugs containing lactulose:

actobioenterosgel;
Lactofiltrum.

For acute intoxication - silicon-based enterosorbents:

Polysorb MP, which has the highest sorption capacity - 300 mg/g.

Contraindications for cleansing the body with sorbents

Absorbent preparations cannot be used in the following cases:

individual intolerance;
increased sensitivity or injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa;
gastritis accompanied by erosive phenomena;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
constipation;
internal bleeding in the intestines;
decreased peristalsis;
diabetes mellitus (pellets and granules containing sugar are prohibited).

Women during pregnancy and lactation should discuss their use with their doctor.

In the process of life, various types of harmful compounds accumulate in our body, for example, or, which should be periodically gotten rid of in order to preserve good health And wellness. For these purposes, special adsorbents or absorbent preparations for cleansing the body, which are able to absorb toxic substances and safely remove them.

Such medicines will be indispensable for intestinal poisoning, as well as with alcohol or drug intoxication. They quickly neutralize harmful chemical compounds and alleviate the human condition.

What are sorbents?

Absorbents, adsorbents or enterosorbents are liquid medicines, powders, gels, solutions or tablets, the main task of which is to remove toxic waste products, allergens and toxic substances resulting from the body. intestinal infections, viral diseases, alcoholic or food intoxication , as well as the pathogenic effects of microorganisms, for example, helminths, on the human body.

Types of sorbents

Adsorbents – these are substances whose outer surface has pronounced sorbing properties. They are most effective when chronic pathologies digestion, as well as for poisoning sleeping pills, alkaloids, heavy metals and glycosides.
Absorbents - these are compounds that, unlike adsorbents, use their entire volume, and not just the surface, in the fight against toxic substances. Such drugs are used for severe poisoning.
Enterosorbents - This is a type of sorbent that absorbs harmful compounds with both its surface and volume. They are used not only for poisoning, but also for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (hereinafter GIT), for disinfection and external processing open wounds.
Antacids are medicinal compounds of natural origin that are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal pathologies ( bicarbonate of soda or magnesium , magnesia etc.).

Sorbent preparations are produced in various dosage forms (tablets, gel, paste, granules, powder, capsules). Each of them will differ in the degree of its effectiveness and speed of action. When really severe cases in a medical facility, doctors can use droppers with sorbing medications.

Groups of absorbent drugs for cleansing the body

Containing charcoal. The most popular drugs in this group are: Carbactin , Carbolong , , .
Based polyvinylpyrrolidone (hereinafter referred to as PVP). This is an enterosorbent of synthetic origin, which effectively copes with the absorption and removal of toxic substances from the human gastrointestinal tract. This compound is part of such medicines as: Enterosorb , ,Plasdon ,Kollidon and others.
Silicon absorbents are another type of common medicine organic origin, which are used for various lesions Gastrointestinal tract. Silicon is found in , white coal And .
Preparations based on magnesium and aluminum – , or are considered the most effective and fast-acting.
Adsorbents based on sucralfate – .
Natural absorbents containing cellulose, pectin or clay, for example, Algisorb .

Each group of absorbent substances will be most effective for certain ailments and has its own individual indications and contraindications for use. Below we will look in more detail at all of the above drugs. But first, let’s look at the conditions common to all types of absorbents when they can be used or, conversely, when it is better to refrain from using them.

General indications for use

food poisoning;
poisoning with alkaloids and heavy metals;
intoxication caused by pathogenic microorganisms ( norovirus ,rotovirus );
prevention ;
after chemotherapy ;
diseases of the liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys.

It is important to understand that all sorbents, in addition to harmful compounds, also remove beneficial substances from the body. Therefore, it is necessary to start a course of treatment with such drugs only after completing the full medical examination and under the supervision of the attending physician. Self-medication can further aggravate the health condition and lead to further irreversible consequences.

General contraindications

individual intolerance to the constituent components of the drug;
gastric obstruction;
gastrointestinal disorders;
stomach bleeding;
gastric ;
lactation period;
diseases of the biliary system.

Since sorbent drugs bind all compounds found in the intestines, they will neutralize the medications that a person takes. This is important to remember for people who, due to various diseases cannot refuse daily drug therapy.

Common side effects due to improper use of sorbents

“leaching” of beneficial compounds, which can lead to deterioration of health due to sharp decline the amount of necessary macro- and microelements in the body;
decreased blood clotting rate;

To minimize the risk of developing harmful consequences you need to take sorbent medications correctly and not resort to their help without medical indications. Remember that between taking drugs of this group and others medical supplies at least two hours must pass. Otherwise, the medicine may not work at all or its effectiveness may decrease significantly, because the sorbent will remove it from the body.

In the process of obtaining this drug, natural carbon-containing raw materials (charcoal) are used.

It has pronounced enterosorbing, antidiarrheal, and detoxification properties.

absorbs well and removes from the gastrointestinal tract:

barbiturates;
glycosides;
alkaloids;
plant, animal and bacterial toxins;
salt heavy metals;
drug breakdown products;
gases;
derivatives of hydrocyanic acid and phenol;
sulfonamides.

Its microporous structure attracts negative ions toxic compounds and holds them in the crystal lattice, thereby preventing penetration into the bloodstream.

The drug is effective for:

intoxication (food, alcohol, etc.);
elevated;
(indigestion) ;
diarrhea ;
or allergic origin;
decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid, which is part of gastric juice.

also prescribed to eliminate the consequences of rotting and fermentation processes in the intestines. This drug helps with ,salmonellosis , chronic And viral , renal failure And . In addition, the absorbent is used in preparatory activities before carrying out ultrasound examination or x-ray of the gastrointestinal tract.

Contraindications:

exacerbation ulcers duodenum or stomach ;
penchant for constipation ;
atony , obstruction or bleeding in the intestines;
hemorrhoids ;
taking other types of sorbent compounds or antitoxic drugs.

Side effects:

exhaustion of the body , because the drug removes not only toxic, but also useful compounds;
dehydration , constipation , liver damage and worsening intoxication while taking the absorbent is possible, because he absorbs a large number of liquids.

Preparations - analogues, which include activated carbon:

Carbactin ;
Carbolong .

Enterosorb

A drug based on polyvinylpyrrolidone, a water-soluble polymer with enterosorbing properties. Available in the form of an injection solution or powder for its preparation. Effectively binds in the intestines and removes endogenous and dietary toxins , as well as malicious bacteria and them metabolites .

Indications for use:

infectious diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract;
chronic;
exacerbation;
liver failure .

Contraindication Enterosorb individual intolerance to the drug is considered. Common side effects include attacks of nausea and vomiting, which go away on their own and are not a reason to discontinue the drug.

It is important to remember that, like any sorbent, Enterosorb reduces the effectiveness and speed of absorption of other drugs from the intestine. Therefore, several hours should pass after taking it.

The drug is produced in the form of a paste (aqueous suspension) and gel. The organosilicon compound included in the drug has detoxifying and adsorbing properties.

It effectively removes toxins of exogenous and endogenous origin from the body, as well as their breakdown products, suppresses allergens , connects heavy metal salts and fights with alcohol intoxication .

Indications for use:

diarrhea ;
dyspeptic intestinal disorders;
intoxication;
disturbance of intestinal microflora;
liver and kidney failure ;
skin diseases;
allergy ;
toxicosis ;
ulcer ;
oncology .

Absolute contraindications to taking the drug are:

individual intolerance to the constituent components of the drug;
lactation ;
age up to 1 year;
poisoning by cyanides, alkalis, acids and some solvents ( methanol, ethylene glycol and others);
obstruction And intestinal atony .

Common side effects include the possibility of constipation in the first days of taking the drug. It is worth noting that Enterosgel And licorice can be cleaned effectively lymphatic system body from accumulated harmful compounds and thus improve immunity . Liquorice root promotes secretion slag And toxins , A polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate , contained in the sorbent, removes them from the body without harm to health.

White coal

Sorbent preparation based on microcrystalline cellulose And silicon dioxide , available in the form of tablets or powder for suspension. The main advantage of white coal is its high efficiency and sorption capacity.

His daily dose ten times lower than similar drugs. Besides, white coal does not provoke the occurrence constipation , and therefore quickly cleanses the body of harmful compounds.

Indications for use:

food and alcohol poisoning;
intestinal infections;
hepatic And renal failure ;
dermatitis ;
allergy ;
dysbacteriosis ;
, IN .

Contraindications:

individual intolerance;
erosion of mucous membranes;
stomach ulcer ;
lactation;
bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
intestinal obstruction .

Phosphalugel

Drug based aluminum phosphate , which has antacid, absorbent and enveloping properties. Active drug compound Phosphalugel neutralizes hydrochloric acid and prevents hypersecretion of gastric juice. Protects the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract and promotes their regeneration. Blocks harmful effects pathogenic microorganisms, normalizes intestinal function.

Indications for use:

diarrhea ;
ulcer ;
gastritis ;
diaphragmatic hernia ;
gastroesophageal reflux ;
not ulcerative dyspepsia ;
intoxication .

Phosphalugel contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to the drug, as well as kidney dysfunction . Very rarely, the drug can provoke constipation in elderly patients and bedridden patients. The sorbent reduces the effectiveness of some drugs, for example, tetracycline antibiotics , iron supplements or cardiac glycosides.

Powder, which is a mixture aluminum oxides And magnesium of natural origin for the preparation of a water-based suspension, it has adsorbing and antidiarrheal properties.

Helps elimination toxins from the body and suppresses flatulence . It is considered one of the safest and can be used in the treatment of infants.

Indications for use:

diarrhea ;
dyspepsia ;
irritable bowel syndrome ;
intoxication ;
vomit .

Contraindications:

hypersensitivity to the main components of the drug;
fructose intolerance ;
malabsorption syndrome ;
chronic constipation ;
osmotic diarrhea .

Rare side effects may fail as constipation , increased flatulence or vomiting . You should take other medications 1.5-2 hours after using Smecta.

Cleansing the body with magnesium

Popularly known as magnesia , is a powdered compound that has laxative properties and is used to cleanse the gastrointestinal tract. By increasing the volume of feces, intestinal motility improves and, along with its emptying, are excreted from the body. harmful salts heavy metals, as well as other compounds. This method will be most effective for chronic constipation , biliary dyskinesia and at cholecystitis .

Contraindications:

appendicitis ;
intestinal obstruction ;
hypersensitivity ;
renal failure ;
dehydration ;
diseases of the heart system ;
rectal bleeding .

In case of incorrect or too frequent use of drugs based on magnesia Side effects may include:

vomit ;
fast fatiguability;
nausea ;
exacerbation of chronic gastrointestinal diseases;
confusion ;
flatulence ;
diarrhea ;
feeling of thirst;
uterine atony ;
convulsions;
asthenia ;
dyspnea ;
increased anxiety .

All these Negative consequences are coming, because Sorbent preparations do not work selectively and remove not only harmful, but also useful compounds. As a result, a person’s well-being may deteriorate due to a lack of important macro- and microelements in the body. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to self-medicate and use sorbent substances without prior consultation with a specialist.

Education: Graduated from Vitebsk State medical University specialty "Surgery". At the university he headed the Student Council scientific society. Advanced training in 2010 - in the specialty "Oncology" and in 2011 - in the specialty "Mammology, visual forms of oncology".

Experience: Work in a general medical network for 3 years as a surgeon (Vitebsk Emergency Hospital medical care, Liozny Central District Hospital) and part-time as a district oncologist and traumatologist. Worked as a pharmaceutical representative for a year at the Rubicon company.

Presented 3 rationalization proposals on the topic “Optimization of antibiotic therapy depending on the species composition of microflora”, 2 works took prizes in the republican competition-review of student scientific works (categories 1 and 3).