Inflammatory diseases of the bladder. Pyelonephritis is characterized by other symptoms. Complications of bladder inflammation in women

Inflammation Bladder- a common disease. One of its most severe and dangerous forms is cervical cystitis. Lack of appropriate treatment can lead to serious consequences, for example, urinary incontinence. In addition, inflammation can develop into chronic form. But the right approach to therapy will help you overcome the disease in less than a week.

Features of the disease

Inflammatory process can be localized in any part of the bladder. The most common is cervical (cervical) cystitis. This is an inflammation of the bladder neck. Women are more susceptible to the disease. This is due to the anatomical characteristics of the fairer sex. In women, the urethral outlet is located too close to the bladder. Pathogenic microorganisms can easily penetrate the organ and multiply quickly if the immune system is weakened.

The development of cervical cystitis can be contributed not only external factors. Pathogenic microflora can enter the bladder through the bloodstream even if a person suffers from chronic diseases, there is untreated inflammation of other organs. In this case, anatomical features no longer matter. Therefore, men and children are also susceptible to cystitis, although to a lesser extent.

The acute form of cervical cystitis is more common in men, in whom the disease will manifest itself as cutting and pain in the urethra. At the level of sensations, representatives of the fair sex tolerate the disease more easily.

When pathogenic microflora enters the bladder, cystitis develops

In the absence of proper and timely therapy, cervical cystitis can become chronic. Such a disease will not threaten the patient’s life, but unpleasant symptoms will create unbearable conditions. Constant urge to go to the toilet, urinary incontinence, and unpleasant odor due to urine leakage are just a small list of the consequences of chronic inflammation.

Classification

There are several types of cervical cystitis. The disease can be infectious or non-infectious. In the latter case, inflammation may result from the use of certain medications (drug-induced cystitis) or radiation therapy for oncological diseases (radiation cystitis).

Infectious cystitis is a more common phenomenon. Depending on the type of pathogen that provoked the inflammation, bacterial, viral and fungal forms of pathology are distinguished. The treatment methods for these types of diseases are radically different.

In addition, primary and secondary inflammation are distinguished. Primary cystitis is an independent disease. If inflammation develops as a complication of another pathology, it is called secondary.

Prolonged exposure to cold can lead to the development of cold cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder due to prolonged hypothermia is called “primary cold cystitis.”

Various injuries or surgical interventions can also trigger the development of inflammation of the bladder neck. Postoperative cystitis is a common phenomenon. Experts often prescribe antibacterial drugs after surgical interventions to avoid infection.

Postcoital cystitis is a common phenomenon after the first sexual intercourse in girls. Mechanical irritation of the urethra leads to the development of an inflammatory process.

Depending on the morphological changes in the bladder neck during inflammation, they are divided into the following types cystitis:

catarrhal;
ulcerative;
polyposis.
fibrous-ulcerative.

Depending on the duration of the inflammatory process, acute and chronic forms of cervical cystitis are distinguished. In the latter case, longer therapy is needed. Periods of remission will be replaced by exacerbations as the body's defenses decrease.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The root cause of any inflammatory process is reduced immunity. If the body's defenses cope with the pathogenic microflora that enters the bladder mucosa, the patient will not encounter unpleasant symptoms of cystitis. But reduced immunity, along with irritating factors, can lead to the development of an inflammatory process.

Annoying factors include:

damage to the mucosa due to surgical interventions, diagnostic tests or sexual intercourse;
consuming foods or taking medications that contain acids that irritate the bladder mucosa.

In addition, the infection itself can enter the bladder in several ways. Cystitis is often encountered by people suffering. In this case, the bacteria descend from the kidneys. Poor hygiene is another way of infection. Pathogenic microorganisms can enter the bladder from stool.

Hypothermia often causes cystitis

Women often experience cervical cystitis after oral sex. This is due to the fact that the partner’s oral cavity may contain many pathogenic viruses and bacteria.

Even if pathogenic microflora has reached the bladder neck, this does not mean that cystitis will have to be treated. Factors that influence the body’s general defenses will contribute to the development of the disease. Secondary cystitis often develops in people suffering from chronic diseases.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of the disease in women, men and children are basically identical. In a healthy person, special muscles - sphincters - are responsible for the process of releasing urine from the bladder. The peculiarity of cervical cystitis is that the inflammatory process also affects these muscles. In this regard, one of the main signs of the disease may be urinary incontinence. People with a chronic form of cervical cystitis have to deal with this nuisance to the greatest extent.

Any form of bladder inflammation is characterized by a constant urge to urinate. Unpleasant sensations may occur every 5–10 minutes, even at night. Most often these urges are false.

With viral and bacterial forms of cystitis, pain in the lower abdomen may also be observed, which worsens during urination. If an ulcerative process is present, discomfort will be pronounced.

Pain in the lower abdomen and frequent urge to urinate are the first signs of cervical cystitis

If inflammation is provoked by viruses or bacteria, symptoms of general intoxication of the body may be observed:

increase in body temperature to 38–39°C;
malaise, weakness;
headache;
aching joints;
drowsiness.

As a rule, the disease develops suddenly. After hypothermia or sexual intercourse, a frequent urge to urinate initially appears. After a few hours, symptoms of general intoxication may already appear.

Non-infectious cervical cystitis will have less pronounced severe symptoms. Most often this is a burning sensation when urinating, nagging pain lower abdomen. But in the absence of high-quality treatment against the background of a decrease in local immunity, an infection can join the inflammatory process.

Diagnostics

Therapy for any disease begins with correctly performed diagnostic studies. It is important to determine what form of inflammation was encountered. Should be differentiated viral infection with bacterial or fungal.

The specialist will use the following research methods:

The specialist must differentiate inflammation of the bladder from urolithiasis, pyelonephritis, acute appendicitis and other diseases that have similar symptoms.

Treatment of cervical cystitis

Timely started complex therapy will allow you to quickly cure inflammation and avoid serious complications. Treatment of primary cystitis in mild form can be done at home. An integrated approach should include diet, appropriate medications, and physical therapy. In the most difficult cases, surgical intervention in a hospital setting may be necessary. In consultation with the doctor, prescriptions can be used in combination with traditional methods traditional medicine.

Drug therapy

The following groups of drugs can be prescribed by a specialist:

Antibiotics. Drugs from this group are used for bacterial inflammation of the bladder. Good results can be achieved thanks to drugs from the fluoroquinolite group (Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin). Antibacterial agents are selected taking into account the sensitivity of pathogenic microflora.
Uroantiseptics of plant origin. Drugs from this group have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Urolesan and Canephron-N are popular.
Antifungal drugs. Medicines from this group can be prescribed if inflammation is caused by pathogenic fungi. A specialist may recommend drugs such as Fucis, Nystatin, Diflucan. In addition, local lavage of the bladder with Amphotericin solution can be performed.
Painkillers. Symptomatic therapy carried out for any form of cystitis. Medicines such as Analgin or No-shpa can be used.
Antipyretic drugs. It will be possible to normalize body temperature and reduce the symptoms of general intoxication of the body with the help of Ibuprofen or Paracetamol.

Drug therapy should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician. Under no circumstances should you self-medicate!

Drugs that can be prescribed for cystitis - photo gallery

Fucis is prescribed for fungal cystitis Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial drug that can be prescribed for cystitis Canephron-N - a medicine that will help relieve inflammation of the bladder No-spa is used if pain occurs due to cystitis Ibuprofen will help normalize body temperature and relieve symptoms of general intoxication

Physiotherapeutic treatments

Physiotherapeutic methods for treating cervical cystitis can be used in the urology department.

Good results can be achieved using electrophoresis. Through constant electric current The specialist injects medication into the affected area.
Inductothermy is another effective technique used for inflammation of the bladder. During the process of exposure to the patient’s body, an electromagnetic field is formed in the affected area, which gives a thermal effect. At the same time, blood circulation is activated in the area of inflammation, which accelerates the process of regeneration of the affected tissue.
Ultrasonic bladder massage is also considered effective. As a result of the procedure, blood flow improves, local immunity. Ultrasound has a detrimental effect on pathogenic microflora.

Elevated body temperature is the first contraindication for any physiotherapy sessions. Therefore, a specialist prescribes procedures after the acute inflammation has been relieved.

Warming up at home (a heating pad is placed on the lower abdomen) is a popular physiotherapeutic method for treating cystitis at home. But with bacterial inflammation, such a procedure will only worsen the situation. As the temperature rises environment pathogenic bacteria multiply faster. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to warm up the affected area without consulting a therapist!

Diet and lifestyle

IN acute period diseases it is advisable to observe bed rest, and also exclude factors that may contribute to the development of complications (hypothermia, stress). Special attention worth paying attention to nutrition. It is necessary to exclude foods that contribute to irritation of the bladder mucosa. Temporarily you will have to give up:

alcohol;
sour berries and fruits;
spicy, smoked and over-salted dishes;
strong tea and coffee;
herbs and spices.

You will have to strengthen your drinking regime. Together with urine, toxins are removed from the body, and the bladder mucosa is restored faster.

An adult patient will have to consume at least 2.5 liters per day clean water. For a child, the daily intake will be calculated based on body weight (50 ml of water per 1 kg of weight).

Maintaining proper drinking regime is the key to a quick recovery

Foods with high urinary capacity will be beneficial. These include watermelon, melon, and cucumber.

The diet during inflammation should include cereals, boiled vegetables, lean meat, dairy products. Nutrition should be complete and fortified.

When is surgery necessary?

Surgical treatment of cervical cystitis is indicated primarily for the formation of polyps. Surgical intervention is performed under general anesthesia using a cystoscope. After surgery, patients usually recover fairly quickly. After 6–7 days, the patient can switch to home treatment.

Surgery cystitis is performed under general anesthesia

Chronic bladder infections can be a concern for patients with anatomical anomalies. In this case, surgical intervention is also indispensable. The specialist performs urethroplasty under general anesthesia. If the recovery period is carried out correctly, chronic inflammation will be forgotten.

ethnoscience

Many foods and plants have excellent anti-inflammatory properties. The recipes below can be used to treat cervical cystitis after consulting a doctor.

Recipe No. 1

For cooking medicinal infusion use bearberry leaves and parsley seeds:

Dry ingredients are mixed in a ratio of 3:2 (the smaller part is parsley seeds).
A tablespoon of the dry mixture is poured into a glass cold water and let it brew for 6 hours.
Next, the infusion is simmered over low heat for about 5 minutes.

Bearberry for cystitis can be taken both in its acute form and in its chronic form during an exacerbation

Use medicine necessary during the day.

Recipe No. 2

An alcohol tincture of black poplar buds helps relieve pain from cystitis and promotes the regeneration of damaged mucosa. To prepare the medicine you need:

This medicine shows excellent results for chronic inflammation.

Recipe No. 3

From time immemorial for treatment internal organs chamomile was used. A medicinal bath will help relieve inflammation:

First you need to pour 5 tablespoons of dry plant into three-liter jar and pour boiling water over it.
Leave the product for at least 15 minutes.
Then take a warm bath and pour the medicinal infusion into it.

A bath with chamomile will help relieve inflammation

The procedure is carried out daily for 10–15 minutes until the symptoms of inflammation completely disappear. Contraindications - purulent form of cystitis, as well as period menstrual bleeding among women.

Features of the disease in children and pregnant women

Girls are also more susceptible to cystitis than boys due to the close proximity of the urinary system and anus. In addition, the development of pathology in children is facilitated by hypothermia, weakened immunity and hereditary factors. Inflammation of the bladder in infants and newborns can occur as a result of constant wearing of diapers and the presence of stones in the urinary organs.

Symptoms of cystitis in children are not pronounced and can be manifested by temperature changes and nausea.

The disease in babies, especially newborns, is not always determined immediately, since they are not able to explain anything. The child may become lethargic, feel pain and pain in the lower abdomen. The urine becomes dark yellow, the temperature rises to 38°C.

Treatment of pathology in a child should be carried out exclusively by a doctor. Self-prescription of antibiotics may result in severe consequences. Rest is recommended for young patients dietary food and warm sitz baths.

Without proper treatment during pregnancy, cystitis can cause complications - kidney infection and premature birth. In the treatment of the disease, drugs that are safe for the expectant mother and baby are used: painkillers, anticholinergics, medications that help relax the bladder muscles.

Treatment prognosis and prevention

If you seek help in a timely manner, the prognosis for treatment of bladder inflammation is favorable. Incorrect therapy can lead to serious consequences. In the best case, the disease will become chronic and require longer treatment. At worst, the infection will spread throughout the body.

Often, due to improper treatment of cystitis, diseases such as pyelonephritis and paracystitis develop. Cystitis itself can acquire a more complex - purulent form.

It is easier to prevent any disease than to treat it. You can reduce your chances of experiencing bladder inflammation by following these recommendations:

avoid hypothermia, stressful situations and other factors that may negatively affect the immune system;
drink at least 2 liters of clean water per day;
do not forget about personal hygiene (especially for women during menstruation);
do not ignore the urge to go to the toilet;
take care of good nutrition(frequent constipation can affect bladder health).

Video: Bladder Protective Products

If you pay close attention to your health, the threat of bladder inflammation is minimal. Even if you had to deal with cervical cystitis, if you consult a therapist in a timely manner, you can cope with the disease in a few days.

Inflammation of the bladder is commonly called cystitis. Literally every person has heard about the existence of this disease, and most are not even lucky enough to experience the symptoms of bladder inflammation on themselves, and much more often this fate awaits women and girls.

Causes

The main causes of cystitis development are various pathogenic microorganisms, which are able to penetrate the bladder in the following ways:

Ascending - from the urethra and anogenital area. This is the most common route of infection.
Descending - from the upper urinary tract and kidneys.
Lymphogenic - with lymph flow from nearby organs.
Through the wall of the bladder from foci of inflammation localized in neighboring organs.

The most common provocateurs of inflammation are all kinds of intestinal bacteria and other microorganisms:

Escherichia coli;
Klebsiella;
Proteus;
Enterobacter;
Pseudomonas;
chlamydia;
ureaplasma, etc.

Important: usually different strains of E. coli are found in patients, while other types of pathogens more often cause the development of cystitis in patients who have undergone instrumental interventions on the urinary tract and have undergone long-term antibiotic therapy.

But the penetration of microorganisms alone is not enough for the development of the inflammatory process in the thickness of the mucous membranes of the walls of the bladder, since its epithelial cells actively produce a specific substance that forms on their surface a kind of protective layer with anti-adhesive and bactericidal properties. But the intensity of production of this substance may decrease with:

menopause;
diabetes mellitus;
the presence of other hormonal disorders.

The following factors cannot but affect the protective properties of the mucous membranes:

impaired blood supply to the pelvic organs and especially the bladder;
violation of the evacuation function of the bladder;
prolonged fasting or following a strict diet;
overwork;
hypothermia;
negative impact of various chemical compounds, including irrational use of medicines;
undergoing radiation therapy, etc.

Why do women get sick more often than men?

Inflammation of the bladder in women is observed more often than in men due to the fact that this is facilitated by the anatomical features of the structure of their urethra. In women, it is much shorter and closer to the anus, which is the main source of pathogenic microflora.

Microorganisms most often enter the bladder from the anus or vagina

In addition, in women, microorganisms can penetrate the urethra from the vagina, in which one or another microflora is always present. If its composition is far from normal, the number of opportunistic microorganisms is overestimated, or even frankly pathogenic bacteria are present, in the absence of treatment this sooner or later in most cases leads to the development of cystitis.

Moreover, in women, signs of cystitis can appear literally immediately after sexual intercourse, but they usually disappear after a few hours. If this does not happen, ladies should consult a doctor.

At the same time, inflammation of the bladder in men is quite rare. In representatives of the stronger sex, cystitis is most often a complication of adenoma prostate gland, prostatitis, the presence of stones in the bladder or a consequence acute shortage vitamins in daily nutrition.

Symptoms

How inflammation of the bladder will manifest itself depends on the form of the process. Yes, for acute cystitis, the symptoms of which, as a rule, occur almost immediately after hypothermia, sexual contact or exposure to other provoking factors, are characterized by:

the appearance of a sharp sensation of pain and burning during urine excretion;
pain in the bladder and perineum;
discharge of blood at the end of urination.

Attention! The stronger the inflammatory process, the more often the patient has the urge to urinate and the more intense the discomfort that accompanies them.

Patients with interstitial cystitis, in which all layers of the bladder wall are affected, are most severely affected. This form of the disease usually occurs in women, and the number of urges to urinate can reach 100–150 per day.

Cystitis is a valid reason for obtaining sick leave

Patients may also notice cloudiness in the urine, which is due to the presence of large quantities of various bacteria, leukocytes, epithelial cells, red blood cells, etc. So although general state the patients do not suffer, they temporarily drop out of the measured rhythm of life and become hostages of the toilet, since the irresistible desire to urinate does not leave them even immediately after completing the next urination.

Important: an increase in body temperature and the appearance of chills in acute cystitis indicates the development of ascending pyelonephritis.

As for, she can give out her presence in different ways. In certain cases, people suffer only from mild discomfort in the lower abdomen, while in others, severe discomfort does not leave the patient day or night, accompanied by an urgent urge to urinate.

Important: the symptoms of chronic cystitis can be either constant or occur in waves, that is, appear only periodically.

Treatment

Since cystitis is usually not difficult to recognize, when a patient consults a doctor, a comprehensive treatment for bladder inflammation is usually immediately prescribed. However, the diagnosis must be confirmed by:

bacteriological examination of urine and determination of the sensitivity of detected microorganisms to various antibiotics;
Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder.

Cystitis is inflammation in the bladder. This is one of the most common urological diseases among women.

Due to the unexpected start, acute course, pronounced symptoms - the disease causes serious inconvenience to patients. Leads to a sharp disruption of the normal rhythm of life, social adaptation, decreased physical and mental activity, performance, limited freedom of movement, inability to attend work and educational institutions.

In terms of the number of cases of temporary disability among urological diseases, inflammation of the bladder ranks first.

Causes

The disease is polyetiological, that is, “multi-cause”. But the leading role belongs to infections (other causes play a much smaller role). Pathogens can be bacteria, viruses, fungi of the genus, ... Most often the cause bacterial form diseases are opportunistic flora: staphylococcus, streptococcus, coli...

Infection occurs in the following ways:

Ascending (urethral) path - from the periurethral and anogenital area. The ascending route of infection in women is dominant.
Descending path - from and upper urinary tract ().
Lymphogenic route - from neighboring pelvic organs.
Per continuitatum (through the wall of the bladder from nearby foci of infection).

Development of this disease is the result of the predominance of the “contagiousness” of the infection over the protective mechanisms. For inflammation to occur in the bladder, the presence of a pathogen alone is not enough - the presence of structural, morphological and functional changes in the organ is necessary. The mucous membrane has many mechanisms that protect it from infection. These include phagocytic activity of the mucosa, hydrodynamic protection, night concentration of urine, anti-adhesive effect of the mucopolysaccharide layer of the mucous membrane, mucus production by the periurethral glands with bactericidal properties, high osmolarity of urine, desquamation of epithelial cells, antibacterial activity some ingredients.

Natural defense mechanisms:

Anatomical and functional preservation of the bladder.
Regular and complete emptying of the bladder.
Integrity of the epithelial cover.
Local immunological protection.

Risk factors:

Impaired urine flow.
Decreased immunity.
Hypothermia.
Congestion in the pelvis (congestion).
Infectious processes in the small pelvis (, colpitis,).
Pregnancy.
Childbirth.
Hormonal imbalance.
Emotional factor.
The use of cytostatics and long-term use of antibacterial agents.
Endovesical (intravesical) and endourethral manipulations.
Radiation exposure.

Symptoms of cystitis:

, in small portions;
appearance;
change ;
imperative urge to urinate, up to.

It should be said that the symptoms of inflammation of the bladder do not include signs of general intoxication (increased body temperature, weakness, pain in muscles and joints...). An exception may be the ulcerative and necrotic form of the disease.

Cystitis in men

Primary inflammation of the bladder in men is extremely rare, and mainly develops secondary, as a complication of any urological disease. Such a diagnosis in men should raise doubts. According to the literature, it can occur in two cases: in fasting people and in the presence of stones in the bladder. In the first case, nutritional factors play a role (vitaminosis C, A, protein starvation, etc.). An early, constant and persistent sign of nutritional exhaustion is urination disorders. During the lean years, inflammation of the bladder was observed mainly in young men. In all other cases, cystitis in men is a secondary process that develops against the background of some urological disease.

Cystitis in women

The frequent development of bladder inflammation in women is also predisposed by its proximity to the anus and vagina - sources of microorganisms. These are mainly so-called opportunistic microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Main feature female body is a characteristic balance of sex hormones, which creates a general background for the development of a number of urological diseases. Throughout the life of women, there is a certain dependence of the state of the reproductive and urinary systems on the hormonal balance of the body. Estrogens and gestagens affect not only sexual, but also urinary organs, especially on the epithelium of the urethra and bladder triangle. Sex hormones have a constant effect on the urinary tract, their tone, and the dynamics of emptying. Shifts in hormonal balance female body can cause disturbances in the outflow of urine. Changes in the female genital organs, located in close anatomical proximity to the urinary tract, contribute to the development of urological diseases in women.

It is believed that in absolutely all diseases of the female genital organs, changes of varying degrees are observed in the urinary system. Inflammatory processes in the female genital organs also involve the urinary tract. On the one hand, they are a source of infection, on the other, they can disrupt the flow of urine. Cystitis in women is often associated with colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.

In urogynecology, defloration, active sex life, menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, and the involutionary period are considered as provoking factors for the occurrence of bladder inflammation. About 15% of women who are married, during pregnancy, or during childbirth suffer from infectious diseases of the kidneys and bladder. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the female body and its dependence on the state of the hormonal system predetermine the identification of purely female clinical forms of the disease:

Acute cystitis

Acute inflammation of the bladder occurs suddenly, after the action of a provoking factor (hypothermia, previous infection, sexual intercourse, trauma, instrumental intervention, etc.) and is characterized by a classic triad of symptoms:

: frequent urination, pain and burning during urination, night urination, imperative urge, urinary incontinence.
Hematuria.

It is not necessary to have all three symptoms; there may be combinations. More often in clinical practice dysuria and leukocyturia occur.

The acute form is characterized by a rapid increase in urinary disorders during the first few days. The most early sign is frequent urination, while the intervals between urinations are reduced to 5-15 minutes, portions of urine are sharply reduced, since urine does not have time to accumulate in the bladder. They can disturb you at night and are imperative (imperative) in nature. Therefore, trying to suppress the urge to urinate may result in urinary incontinence.

Pain usually occurs when urinating: at the beginning and/or at the end, less often throughout the entire act. Sometimes the pain is present outside of urination and is constant. Intensity pain may vary: from a slight burning sensation to unbearable pain. In young children due to pain syndrome may develop. Constant excruciating pain is observed in patients with interstitial, post-radiation and chemical C.

A constant and obligatory sign of acute cystitis is leukocyturia. Gross hematuria - blood in the urine - is less common.

Chronic cystitis

Chronic inflammation of the bladder is characterized by a varied clinical picture: from minor discomfort when urinating and mild pain in the lower abdomen to pronounced pain in the projection of the bladder, frequent urination, imperative urges... Symptoms for chronic inflammation of the bladder are the same as for acute inflammation, but they are more pronounced less harsh. Pain during urination is tolerable, and the frequency of the urge to urinate allows patients to maintain a normal lifestyle. The chronic course is not due to the infection as such, but to the subsequent dystrophic changes in tissues.

Depending on the severity of symptoms in patients with chronic cystitis, they can be divided into 2 groups. The first group is characterized by a wave-like course of the disease with periods of exacerbation, which occur as acute or subacute CD with varying frequencies of relapses and periods of remission. The second group consists of patients with relatively constant clinical and laboratory data on stably active chronic inflammation in the bladder. It is characteristic that in persons suffering from the chronic form, leukocyturia is pronounced, and urination disorders are weak.

Recurrent cystitis

Once occurring, the acute form may never recur, but if relapses occur in the patient more than once (2 relapses in 6 months or 3 in 1 year), then they speak of recurrent bladder inflammation. In this case, it is imperative to identify the cause of frequent relapses.

Reasons for recurrence:

Anatomical and physiological characteristics of the female body.
Genetic predisposition.
Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs.
Anomalies in the location of the external urethral opening.
Features of sexual life (sexual practice, early start sexual activity, frequency and regularity of sexual intercourse, a large number of sexual partners, disregard for principles safe sex, the nature of the contraceptives used).
Presence of sexually transmitted infections (,).
Failure to comply with daily rules of personal hygiene, as well as after defecation and sexual intercourse.
Uncontrolled use of antibacterial drugs.

Diagnostics

Based on clinical picture and data laboratory research(, urine culture). In rare cases, cystoscopy is used (if there is foreign body bladder or in case of prolonged acute inflammation of the bladder - more than 10 days) and biopsy.

Differential diagnosis carried out with the following diseases:

Tubeculosis of the bladder.
Urethral syndrome.
Vulvovaginitis.

Treatment of cystitis

Treatment of bladder inflammation should be etiological and pathogenetic. Depending on the clinical form treatment of diseases must be comprehensive and individual. First of all, foci of infection are sanitized, antibacterial agents are prescribed to quickly eliminate the pathogen, the causes of frequent recurrence are eliminated and the natural protective properties of the bladder are restored.

Typically treatment includes:

Antibacterial therapy (antibiotics).
Anti-inflammatory therapy.
Analgesic and antispasmodic therapy.
Elimination of organic and functional disorders outflow of urine.
Correction of hygienic and sexual factors (sexual abstinence for 5-7 days).
Immunotherapy.
Drink plenty of fluids.
Phytotherapy.

The criterion for cure of bladder inflammation is the elimination of urination disorders, the disappearance of bacteriuria and leukocyturia, full recovery lost quality of life.

The problem of an inflamed bladder in women is rarely isolated from other diseases of the female genital area. But, nevertheless, many women probably remember the times of their childhood, when their grandmothers persistently recommended that they dress warmer in the cold winter season, wear long underwear, and not sit with their buttocks on benches and other cultural seating items.

Girls, being young, rarely follow the advice of wise women, and they are actually ways to prevent bladder inflammation. Time passes, the woman becomes an adult, the body becomes more susceptible to drafts and hypothermia, symptoms of severe burning and discomfort when urinating, frequent urge to go to the toilet and a feeling of fullness of the bladder appear.

In medicine this state defined by the term “cystitis”, which is observed in seven out of ten women. And, in every one or two women out of ten, doctors diagnose chronic inflammation of the urinary tract!

Therefore, in this publication we will talk about the causes, symptoms and treatment features of bladder inflammation.

Remember that medications for treatment must be prescribed by a urologist or surgeon.

Causes of cystitis in women: why does the bladder become inflamed?

Inflammatory process in the bladder is a fairly common urological problem in women. It causes a lot of unpleasant sensations. Men are less likely to develop this disease due to other anatomical structure the urinary tract itself.

The urethra in women is a special excretory organ, devoid of bends. It is much shorter and at the same time wider than that of men. That is why the female urethra is more susceptible to infection.

In the warm season, pathogenic microflora rarely provokes the formation of an inflammatory process. Its breeding ground is the anus and the entrance to the vagina itself. When the immune defense is weakened and hypothermia occurs, microorganisms penetrate through the urethra into the bladder and begin to actively multiply there, provoking the development of pathology (cystitis).

As a rule, inflammation of the bladder mucosa in women is of an infectious nature. The following pathogenic microorganisms can act as the main pathogens: staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Trichomonas. In addition to infection, the occurrence of this disease The following factors contribute:

Hypothermia.
Various types of hormonal disorders.
Failure to comply with the well-known rules of personal hygiene, including during menstruation.
Improper wiping after defecation.
Non-traditional sexual contacts.
Frequent stress.
Avitaminosis.
Presence of diseases of the genitourinary system.

All of the above factors, as a rule, lead to inflammation of the bladder. The reasons for the development of this pathology may vary in each specific case.

Inflammation of the bladder in women: symptoms

General symptoms continue for 14 days. Then comes relief and final recovery. If pain and discomfort do not go away after 2 weeks, then the disease has progressed to chronic stage.

Most common symptoms:

Constant urge to urinate.
Cloudiness of urine, appearance of blood impurities.
Pain in the lower abdomen, characterized by aching character.
Feeling of burning and stinging during urination.
Urinary incontinence (very rare).
Slight increase in temperature.

Inflammation of the bladder in women should not be ignored. Treatment should be prescribed immediately after diagnosis. It is important to understand that cystitis is a rather insidious pathology that can lead to very serious complications (spread of infection to other parts of the excretory system).

Cystitis requires a thorough approach to treatment to avoid the risk of further spread of infection to the kidneys. The inflammatory process forms in the mucous membrane of the bladder itself.

Preparing for treatment

How to relieve bladder inflammation? Doctors strongly recommend not to resort to the advice of relatives and friends, that is, to self-medicate. The thing is that incorrectly selected therapy can only aggravate inflammation of the bladder, the causes of the problem will not be identified, and the current clinical picture will be blurred.

Thus, if primary symptoms appear, you should immediately seek help from a specialist.

Confirmation of pathology is possible solely on the basis of clinical diagnostic studies.
On palpation lower zone In the abdomen, the patient usually feels discomfort and pain, the intensity of which may vary.
Ultrasound confirms the presence of inflammation, which is reflected in changes in the usual structure of the walls of the damaged organ itself.
It is equally important to take a urine test. If there is a disease, it has an increased protein content, uric acid, mucus and red blood cells.

All patients, without exception, are examined by the doctor on a gynecological chair, and biological material is collected for PCR, cytological and biological examination. If the disease is prolonged, a number of additional tests may be required, including a biopsy and cystoscopy.

Inflammation of the bladder in women: treatment of cystitis

How to cure bladder inflammation?

All therapeutic measures should be carried out only under regular supervision by a specialist.

At home, it is very important to organize a gentle diet and maintain drinking balance.
You should drink at least two liters of water per day.
Vitamin therapy plays a direct role in the treatment of the disease.
It is recommended to avoid the use alcoholic products, as well as coffee.
It is better to avoid spicy foods and spices for the entire duration of treatment.
If constipation occurs, the diet should be varied with fermented milk drinks and natural fiber (for example, apples).

As you know, quite unpleasant symptoms accompany inflammation of the bladder in women. Treatment of this type of problem involves the use of medications.

For example, to eliminate existing spasms and severe pain, Canephron or Urolesan is prescribed. When chronic course the use of physiotherapy is advisable.

Antibacterial therapy

If the disease is infectious in nature, antibiotics are prescribed. Currently, according to experts, the most effective are the following antibacterial drugs:

"Monural".
"Co-trimoxazole."
"Nitrofurantoin".

The therapeutic course usually ranges from three to approximately seven days.

It is important to note that the specific medicine for bladder inflammation is chosen by the doctor himself based on the test results. The proposed antibacterial drugs are absolutely safe for health and can be used without fear.

Herbal preparations from natural ingredients

Such a drug is “ Uroprofit“, which has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. The complex of biologically active substances included in “Uroprofit” helps normalize urination, improves functional state kidneys and urinary tract, and also reduces the risk of repeated exacerbations of chronic cystitis.

Treatment with folk remedies at home

Inflammation of the bladder always requires an exclusively qualified approach to treatment. Some experts suggest using drug intervention in conjunction with traditional medicine recipes.

As practice shows, such a decision most often brings the desired effect. Below we list the most common recipes of our grandmothers against this disease.

Before eating, you can drink a simple infusion of hop cones. To prepare it you will need 500 ml of the most ordinary still water and 2 tablespoons of cones. The ingredients must be mixed, left for a couple of hours, and then strained. The resulting infusion can be drunk half a glass four times a day.
An excellent option is a decoction of a mixture of herbs ( chamomile inflorescences, mint leaves, poplar buds). One tablespoon of dry mixture requires a glass of boiling water. It is recommended to infuse this “medicine” for four hours, then strain. You need to drink the infusion three times a day and only before meals.
Based on the fact that during the treatment of inflammation it is necessary to consume liquid in large quantities, an excellent remedy tea from cherry stems or cherries. To prepare it, you can use both dried and fresh shoots. The resulting tea should be drunk on an empty stomach, you can add honey.

The above recipes help reduce the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms of bladder inflammation. Folk remedies also help alleviate acute inflammation.

An excellent option are sitz baths with an infusion of rhizomes of marsh calamus. Pour a glass of boiling water over a teaspoon of rhizomes and let it brew, then strain. Before the procedure itself, it is recommended to dilute one part of the infusion in two parts of water.

What complications can there be?

With prolonged course of cystitis due to lack of treatment or improper treatment the infection can spread to the kidneys, which leads to the development pyelonephritis.

This disease is characterized high temperature And severe pain in the lumbar area. Pyelonephritis, as a rule, requires serious therapy, and in a hospital setting. However, in this case, the inflammation of the bladder itself fades into the background. As a result, the disease will make itself felt again, and with each next attack of pyelonephritis, kidney function will inevitably deteriorate.

In the presence of individual structural features of the bladder walls pathological process can spread throughout their entire thickness, affecting not only the mucous membrane, but also the muscular part. This pathology is called interstitial cystitis.

In such patients, the number of urges to urinate increases up to 150 times a day, and body temperature rises. Medicines for bladder inflammation in this case turn out to be ineffective. With a long course of pathology, the organ loses its usual elasticity and gradually decreases in size. When its volume reaches 50 ml, a decision is made on surgical intervention (complete removal of the bladder and its subsequent plastic surgery from the colon tissue).

Preventive actions

It is better to prevent bladder inflammation than to treat it. Experts recommend that all representatives of the fair sex follow fairly simple rules.

First of all, it is necessary to abandon promiscuity, and if this is not possible, condoms should be used during every sexual act.
In addition, it is recommended to try not to overcool and use thermal underwear in winter. Compliance with the well-known rules of hygiene is another preventive measure.
If the disease cannot be avoided, then serious therapy using antibiotics will not be possible.
The ideal solution in this case is the so-called integrated approach, that is, drug intervention + traditional medicine recipes.

Video on the topic

Treatment of cystitis in women in 1 day - without pills and injections

Video channel of Dr. Evdokimenko.

Treatment of cystitis in women in 1 day - without pills and injections. Dr. Evdokimenko in his video talks about how to cure cystitis at home in one, maximum two days, using a decoction bay leaf. * Dear women! Please, before doing this procedure, read its detailed description here:

Contraindications to the procedure with bay leaves. Attention! This procedure cannot be done:

during pregnancy and the first 5-6 months after birth;
children under 13 years of age;
V critical days among women;
for fibroids and other tumors of the female genital organs;
with endometriosis and a tendency to uterine bleeding;
with hemorrhoidal bleeding and tendency to it;
for colds and flu, for elevated temperature bodies;
immediately after organ surgery abdominal cavity(you need to wait at least 1-2 months);
for any ACUTE diseases of internal organs - for example, with exacerbation of pancreatitis or cholecystitis, with appendicitis, etc.;
with severe heart damage, severe coronary disease; the first 3-6 months after myocardial infarction; with aortic aneurysm;
the first 3-5 months after a stroke;
at serious illnesses blood.

Do with caution:

when breastfeeding – the effect is unknown;
with paroxysmal tachycardia, with atrial fibrillation; for heart defects.

ATTENTION! This video is educational and informational in nature. There are contraindications.

Before using the tips from the video, ALWAYS consult your doctor!

Health to you! All the best!

How to treat cystitis at home?

Maxim Pragin.

Natural antibiotic destroys all bladder and kidney infections

Video channel " Useful tips about everything". Recipe Ingredients:

200 ml. olive oil,
250 gr. natural honey,
250 gr. lemon zest,
250 gr. parsley root (stem).

Sometimes our body can react to normal hypothermia or wet feet and give us an unpleasant surprise in the form of some kind of disease. So, a completely common reaction to such phenomena in women is the development of cystitis - inflammatory lesion Bladder. Unfortunately, this problem is familiar to many representatives of the fair sex firsthand, because if the bladder becomes inflamed once, then most likely the disease will recur in the future. Let's talk about how to correctly recognize bladder inflammation, how to treat it, what pills to take, what folk remedies to use so that unpleasant symptoms do not recur.

How does bladder inflammation manifest itself? Symptoms of the disease

Acute inflammation of the bladder starts quite suddenly without any prerequisites. Manifestations of the disease intensify within just a few hours and reach a peak. In about a couple of weeks, if adequate treatment was never carried out, the infection becomes chronic, the pain goes away. After this, the disease may become hypothermic from time to time under the influence of unfavorable factors.

Cystitis makes itself felt by quite difficult urination, the urge to urinate very often. Sometimes they happen five times or more in an hour, each time only a small amount of urine is released. In this case, pus and even blood can be seen in the discharge. The patient feels dull pain in the lower abdomen, also discomfort are also localized in the lower back. If the infectious lesions extend beyond the affected bladder, a noticeable increase in temperature is observed.

In older people, as well as in young children, the symptoms are not very obvious. So the disease can only make itself felt by fever, abdominal pain and nausea.

Treatment of bladder inflammation

After the first symptoms of cystitis appear, you need to stay in bed and call a doctor. Under no circumstances should you make decisions on your own about consuming any medications before visiting a doctor; this may cause the disease to become chronic. Drink more clean water, give up strong teas and coffee. Also, do not drink alcohol under any circumstances. Try to eat less food with high content calcium. To slightly reduce unpleasant symptoms, place a warm heating pad or a bottle of water between your legs, on your stomach or back. At intervals of three hours you need to drink one glass of water in which a tablespoon of soda is diluted. This procedure will slightly reduce the acidity of urine, which will make the burning sensation when urinating less intense.

Remember that untreated cystitis can cause a number of serious serious complications, including damage to the kidneys.

Pills

Medicines for the treatment of cystitis are divided into several different groups. These are antibiotic compounds, painkillers, as well as diuretics and antispasmodics.

Among antibiotics, doctors usually prescribe chloramphenicol, furagin, as well as furadonin, or palin. Monural is sometimes used. The duration of treatment ranges from seven to ten days, and it is very important to drink the entire course. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to inflammation becoming chronic. Before consuming the drug, it is important to carefully study the instructions supplied with it.

In addition to taking antibiotics, doctors also often prescribe the use of herbal medicines. The most popular medications of this type are cystone and canephron. Sometimes probiotics (lactobacterin) and drugs to stimulate the immune system are used.

Traditional treatment

There are many traditional medicine techniques that can alleviate the unpleasant symptoms of cystitis. However, they should be used exclusively in parallel with treatment by a selected doctor.

A good effect can be achieved by consuming millet infusion. Half a glass of millet needs to be washed cold water, and then pour a glass of cold, pre-boiled water. Mix the product thoroughly and knead the millet a little with your hands. The water will turn whitish. It's worth drinking throughout the day. Repeat the intake three times a day.

Traditional healers also advise treating cystitis by taking berries and lingonberry fruit drinks. You can eat up to half a kilogram of such herbal medicine at a time. Cranberries and rowan berries will also be beneficial.

Take clay, knead it, add a little water. Form it into a flat cake, like dough, one to two centimeters thick. Place it on your lower abdomen and leave it on for a couple of hours. This folk remedy effectively relieve you from the manifestations of inflammatory damage to the bladder.

Take one hundred grams of red rowan bark and brew this raw material with a liter of boiling water. Boil for ten minutes over low heat, then strain and drink as tea in unlimited quantities.

Combine equal parts of bearberry and corn silk. Brew a tablespoon of this mixture with one glass of just boiled water. Boil over low heat for fifteen minutes. Strain the resulting broth and drink in small portions throughout the day.

remember, that effective treatment cystitis is only possible if it is carried out under doctor's supervision. Self-medication is fraught with the development of a number of rather unpleasant complications.