How to treat a child's allergies. Lactose is a highly allergenic substance. How to treat food allergies in infants

Welcome to the site, dear readers of the site. Many children, especially those around 6 months of age, have allergies. In this case, almost any product can cause reactions. Therefore, it is recommended to carefully select foods for your baby’s diet. Complementary feeding should be carried out in stages, and the introduction of new products gradually.

Often, at six months, a child becomes allergic to dairy and wheat products. Some fruits and, less commonly, vegetables can cause a reaction. And the main problem is the aroma of mash, emulsifiers and dyes, which are present in almost any product today.

As usual, childhood allergies to a certain product is accompanied by cross-allergy. For example, if intolerance to whole milk is noticed, then you will have to remove all milk-containing products, sour cream, kefir and others. And if there is a reaction to gluten, then you will have to limit your intake not only of grain products, such as pasta and bread, but also give up sweets that may contain gluten, albeit in a minimal amount.

Dietary rules for children with allergies

Breast-feeding.
It is better not to give such children whole cow's milk. You will have to give up some types of fruits and vegetables, especially those that are red. Children tolerate lean meat and fish, fermented milk products and cereals best.
If you introduce highly allergenic foods, do it gradually. If you experience an allergic reaction to a certain product, you must immediately remove it from your diet and go on a strict diet.

Artificial feeding.
As usual, if babies are allergic to a mixture that includes cow's milk, then there is no allergy to a mixture with goat's milk.
In cases where the child cannot tolerate any animal proteins, he will have to switch to adaptive formulas. It can be fermented milk or soy, it is even possible to use a mixture with split proteins, that is, hydrolyzed.

Allergy treatment

First of all, parents should remove the product that provokes the allergy from the diet and consult a doctor. At this age, only a blood test can be taken; skin tests can only be performed at an older age. You will have to follow a hypoallergenic diet, with careful and gradual introduction of new foods into the diet. But, if signs of atopic dermatitis are observed, then the use of medications is also possible.

Local medications are usually prescribed, for example, anti-inflammatory or even hormonal ointments. If allergies are accompanied by infections, then antibacterial therapy is possible. Throughout the course of treatment it is necessary to keep a food diary. In the event of a rash or other types of reactions, it will always be possible to determine which product is causing the undesirable effect.

Forecast for the future

Usually, all types of allergies that appeared at 6 months disappear without a trace with age. But it is also not uncommon for mild food allergies to transform into more complex types, for example, bronchial asthma or even allergic rhinitis may appear. This usually happens if the child has a hereditary predisposition and the level of Ig E is highly elevated.

In cases where the mother is allergic, it is still advisable to keep the baby breastfed for as long as possible. Breast milk can work wonders; children who are fed with mother’s milk for a long time rarely develop allergies, because only it can strengthen the child’s immunity as much as possible. Milk contains not only allergens, but also antibodies that help the baby adapt to new foods.

Children's allergies: “Allergies at 6 months”

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Many parents are faced with allergies in their children. In the first months of a baby's life, he is most susceptible to food allergies. Parents are often confused when they see rashes on their child’s skin or encounter other unpleasant manifestations of an allergic reaction. Why do allergies occur? one month old baby, how to help him, what are the reasons for the development of allergies in children in the first six months of life? Let's consider these questions that parents often have.

Food allergies are caused by proteins found in foods. They are allergens, in response to which immunoglobulins E (antibodies) are formed in the body. Immunoglobulins activate a chain of reactions that lead to the development of allergy symptoms.

Most often, an allergy in a one-month-old baby manifests itself in the form of skin lesions:

rashes on the body, which begin with a rash on the cheeks and in the folds of the skin;
itching of affected skin areas;
dryness and flaking;
peeling of the skin and the formation of scales on the scalp.

But often symptoms of allergies include work disturbances digestive system baby, which is associated with swelling of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. These symptoms include the following conditions:

bloating and stomach cramps;
frequent regurgitation, vomiting;
flatulence;
constipation or frequent loose stool.

Much less often, as a result of swelling of the respiratory tract, a newborn may have an allergic runny nose and bronchospasm (air enters the Airways with difficulty or not at all).

Worth mentioning dangerous symptom allergic reaction - Quincke's edema. As it develops, suffocation occurs in the child’s larynx. The first signs of the appearance of Quincke's edema are barking cough and shortness of breath with heavy breathing. Then the complexion becomes bluish, after which it suddenly turns pale. This is a very dangerous condition, and when the first signs appear, you should urgently call a doctor.

Usually the baby is breastfed for the first month of life. Therefore, the cause of allergies in a one-month-old baby should be sought in the errors in the mother’s diet.

During breastfeeding a woman must adhere special diet, which excludes the use of foods that can cause allergies in the child.

Highly allergenic foods, such as chicken eggs(only the yolk is allowed), fish, seafood, fruits, berries and red and red vegetables orange color, cocoa, coffee, chocolate, honey, nuts, mushrooms, sauerkraut, marinades, salty and spicy foods, spices. The same list includes products that contain dyes, preservatives, semi-finished products, and sauces.

Can be taken in limited quantities whole milk, sour cream, semolina, bakery products made from premium flour, pasta, confectionery products.

Often, just a nursing mother’s observance of such a diet contributes to the disappearance of signs of allergies in a one-month-old baby.

For kids one month old Do not prescribe medications for oral administration. Usually the doctor recommends bathing the baby in decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, chamomile), and lubricating the affected areas with a special cream.

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Complementary foods for an infant with allergies - a list of foods that cause allergies

For a baby, any product can cause an allergic reaction.

The most “popular” allergens are divided into 3 groups:

High allergenicity: seafood, any meat broth, eggs with fish, tomatoes and carrots, strawberries, caviar.
Average allergenicity: whole milk, beef with chicken meat, selected dairy products, blackcurrants and cranberries, beans and peas, potatoes and rice, cherries, beets, and bananas and peaches.
Low allergenicity: red/white currants, zucchini and squash, turkey meat, green varieties of apples/pears, fermented milk products.

What to cook for a baby - menu options for a one-year-old child with allergies

Before you start complementary feeding, you should remember that:

Menu for a one-year-old allergy sufferer:

Soups with and without meat. Cook the meat separately and add to vegetable soup
Cutlets, meatballs. Instead of eggs, add rice water, and instead of breadcrumbs, use ground flax seeds or corn flakes
Homemade puddings based on potato starch. Replace milk (if you have a corresponding allergy) with a mixture
Bakery. Instead of butter– vegetable, instead egg white- a mixture of water and vegetable oil or mashed bananas, flour - only gluten-free

Seasonings– only natural ones (dill, basil, parsley)
Pancakes. Instead of milk - mineral water, gluten-free flour, no eggs
Homebaked bread with corn or gluten-free flour. You can add raisins
Jelly homemade based on compote with added sugar and potato starch
Sherbet or frozen juices homemade

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Manifestations of allergies in infants

Allergic diseases are extremely diverse. Among the most common are allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, urticaria, atopic and contact dermatitis.

All symptoms can be divided into:

Gastrointestinal symptoms:

nausea
diarrhea
vomit
belching
abdominal pain

This is how an allergy to the formula manifests itself, if it is made on the basis of cow's milk, an allergy to this or that medicine, to complementary feeding products (fruits, cottage cheese, eggs) and nuts, peanuts, wheat, chocolate, coffee, etc. consumed by the mother.

Skin symptoms

How to treat allergies in infants? — Severe skin manifestations are dealt with using special baths

Urticaria is characterized by a red-pink rash, itching, and Quincke's edema (in severe cases). This is how both food and contact allergies can manifest themselves.

Contact dermatitis is characterized by:

peeling skin
dryness
burning
crust formation on the cheeks

This reaction occurs if there is an allergy to the cream or other cosmetical tools, napkins, clothing items, washing powder.

Some photos of allergies in infants

It is important to differentiate between prickly heat and contact diaper allergies. Miliaria occurs as a result of insufficient skin care. It appears in folds of skin - in the groin, between the buttocks, on the neck. Its main manifestations are a red, finely blistered rash, often weeping. If the skin in these areas is treated correctly, symptoms will not appear.

A rash from an allergy to diapers appears on the butt and legs even with sufficient hygiene, but only after using diapers. It may be due to either frequent changes in manufacturer or hypersensitivity to the gel used to treat inner side diaper to improve moisture absorption.

Do allergies need to be treated?

Photo: Allergy to milk on the cheeks of a baby

Many parents, based on the belief that treatment can only worsen the situation, prefer not to carry out any therapy. On the one hand, this is true: any medication can cause new allergies, especially in children who are predisposed to this. On the other hand, allergic manifestations can cause a lot of discomfort to kid.

The remaining actions will be aimed at helping the body cope with existing manifestations of allergies. Dr. E.O. Komarovsky believes that further measures need to be taken to alleviate the child’s condition.

How to treat allergies in infants?

When asked about how to treat allergies in infants, Dr. E.O. Komarovsky answers: a whole range of measures is needed. Their nature depends on the type of allergy and the severity of its manifestations.

How to treat food allergies in infants

What is the treatment? food allergies at the baby's? First of all, you need to find out which product the reaction occurs to and eliminate it from use.

When natural feeding allergies, as already mentioned, occur to complementary foods or substances consumed by the mother. Among the most allergenic:

Food allergies are the most common in children under one year of age

Fish and seafood
nuts
chocolate
red and orange fruits
pineapples
grape

Artificial feeding itself carries increased risk allergies. First of all, casein is to blame, on the basis of which unadapted milk formulas are made.

The child's body often cannot digest this protein properly, resulting in hypersensitivity to undigested protein residues.

If an allergy does appear, there are rashes, itching, redness (usually on the face), use:

Non-hormonal antihistamine ointments (“Fenistil”, “Soventol”);
Anti-inflammatory ointments (“Desitin”, “Elidel”) ointments.

For manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract, sorbents should be used. These substances help to “collect” toxins released from the bloodstream and neutralize them, relieving symptoms.

With the permission of the pediatrician, allergies in infants can be treated with Polysorb from birth

From birth, medications such as:

"Polysorb"
"Enterosgel"
"Smecta".

Adsorbent "Polysorb" It is used internally, only diluted with water. The dosage depends on the child's weight.

If the weight is less than 10 kg, from 0.5 to 1.5 tsp. diluted in 30-50 ml of water (depending on the severity of symptoms).

11-20 kg – 1 tsp. in 30-50 ml. Taken before or during meals, three times a day.

Children often do not like the taste of Enterosgel, but it is an excellent helper in treating allergies.

A drug "Enterosgel" in a volume of 2.5 g (0.5 tsp) diluted in breast milk or water in a ratio of 1:3, given to the child during each feeding, but no more than 6 times a day.

"Smecta" has more wide list restrictions, including some types of enzymatic deficiency (fructose, glucose-galactose, sucrase-isomaltase). Infants should be given it in the amount of 1 sachet per day for 3-7 days.

Suprastin for allergies has proven itself a long time ago. When treating children with it, you must strictly follow the instructions.

Can be used antihistamines

Suprastin,
Zyrtec (syrup),
Claritin.

So, ¼ of the Suprastin tablet is ground to a powder, added to baby food and used 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days.

Most other antihistamines have an age limit (for example, Claritin - from two years), so to select a medicine you need to consult a specialist.

Many parents are concerned about the question: how to treat the intestines for allergies in infants?

Only a pediatrician can answer this, because first you need to conduct an examination and find out whether allergies caused problems with digestive tract, or all changes are temporary and will disappear in a couple of days.

However, a good remedy for the prevention of post-allergic intestinal diseases are probiotics.

"Linex"
"Bifidumbacterin"
"Acipol."

Dr. E.O. Komarovsky assures that allergies are often not only a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with an allergen, but also the result of improper feeding of the child.

The fragile gastrointestinal tract cannot cope with large volumes of food, and therefore undigested substances that would not cause any reaction in acceptable quantities become strong allergens.

So, summarizing the above, here are the answers to the main questions

It is important to remember that only a doctor can choose the right drug. It should be borne in mind that in children prone to allergies, popular drugs can cause a reaction no less strong than the original allergen. An allergist will help you avoid this.

Contact allergy

How to treat contact allergies in infant? First of all, of course, avoid contact with the substance that causes it: change hygiene products, powder, diapers, clothes.

When the question arises about which ointment to treat allergies in infants, you cannot be guided only by reviews.

It is necessary to select a medicine taking into account which symptoms bother you most. In short, there are hormonal and non-hormonal drugs.

Hormone-based ointments can only be used in the absence of infection with dermatitis (after consultation with a doctor). Among the most popular drugs:

"Advantan"
"Elokom".

All non-hormonal ointments are divided into antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents, and agents with a regenerating effect. Their use can be combined with other antihistamines– Suprastin tablets, sorbents.

Treatment of allergies with folk remedies

Parents often don't trust pharmaceutical products, worrying about their “unnaturalness” and that they could cause even more harm. But for certified pharmaceuticals there are undeniable advantages:

Many antiallergic drugs are made on the basis of natural ingredients (for example, Gistan ointment), you can choose the safest ones;
In ready medicines the dose is precisely calculated, there are clear indications and contraindications, side effects have been studied, folk remedies are prepared and used “by eye”, and side effects often people don’t know at all;
Contrary to popular belief, folk remedies can cause allergies in the same way as pharmaceutical ones.

And yet there are time-tested folk recipes. So, how to treat allergies in infants with folk remedies?

Series

One of the most famous remedies is the series. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, relieves irritation and itching due to the active substances included in its composition.

How to treat allergies in infants - folk knowledge will tell you. It is not difficult to make ointment from string and it is quite effective against allergies

You can bathe your child in baths with a decoction of the string, make lotions and homemade ointments.

One of the most popular recipes:

1 liter of boiling water
8 tbsp. successions

Leave the broth for 15 minutes, strain, add to the water poured into the bathtub.

Bay leaf

To others good medicine has been considered since ancient times Bay leaf. It stimulates the immune system, relieves inflammation, strengthens the vascular wall, fights increased vascular permeability, and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They use lotions and compresses with bay leaves and make baths.

Do not infuse the laurel decoction for too long, so as not to obtain a highly concentrated product.

To prepare a decoction for rubbing the skin, you need:

3 laurel leaves;
500 ml water

Bring water to a boil, add leaves, leave for 10 minutes. Cool and wipe the affected skin with a cotton pad.

They also use dandelion, plantain, thyme, chamomile, valerian, elecampane - there are many recipes.

All natural medicines– strong allergens, all these remedies, no matter how actively they are advertised by supporters of natural therapy, can aggravate the child’s condition. Allergies in infants: how to treat with herbs? The main answer is to be careful and smart.

allergy-center.ru

Development mechanism

The mechanism for the development of any allergic reaction, including food, is based on the body’s acute immune response to the introduced irritant.

Children's immunity has not yet been fully formed, so most often any active irritant will be perceived by the body as a threat.

When food is processed in the digestive system, active substances absorbed into the blood and distributed throughout the body.

Many of the substances contained in food can cause an allergic reaction:

pigments (lycopene, which gives vegetables and fruits a red tint, anthocyanins, etc.);
vitamins (especially group B), etc.

With repeated exposure to allergenic substances (or single, but high intensity), the child’s body identifies the allergen as a threat, and white blood cells begin to produce antibodies.

As a result of the immune reaction, basophil cells are destroyed and histamine is released.

As a result, they arise external manifestations allergies.

Depending on where the antigen-antibody complex settles and the basophils are damaged, the skin, mucous membranes, lungs and bronchi, etc. may suffer.

Causes and allergens

There is no consensus among scientists and allergists about the causes of allergy development.

Various assumptions have been made about the role of certain factors in the mechanism of formation of the immune response.

It is generally accepted that highest value have three factors:

hereditary conditioning;
frequency and intensity of interaction with allergenic substances;
psychological factor;
ecology.

Having one parent with an allergy almost doubles the risk of a child developing similar reactions.

And if both parents are sick, the probability approaches ¾.

However, a potential opportunity does not always turn into a real disease.

As already mentioned, the frequency of exposure to the allergen is essential.

The so-called sensitization (sharp increase in sensitivity) to a substance due to its activity in the body.

Children's the immune system“inexperienced” and can be “confused” when encountering the most harmless substance, mistaking it for a dangerous intruder.

There are many food allergens, including:

pigments;
saccharides (galactose, lactose);
vitamins;
microelements.

Absolutely any substance can become an allergen. It depends on the individual characteristics of the body.

Among other things, there are many other reasons that can give rise to the development of allergies in a child.

Poor nutrition of a pregnant woman

The child’s immunity begins to develop during the period intrauterine development.

At this time, the fetus is incapable of self-feeding, therefore it receives all the necessary nutrients “ready-made” through the placenta.

During intrauterine development, the fetus is especially defenseless and completely dependent on the mother.

If a pregnant woman does not eat properly, all the substances she receives affect the child’s body.

If the mother consumes one or another product rich in a potentially allergenic substance too often, the child’s developing immunity begins to react to the irritant.

Artificial nutrition

For many reasons, a mother may be unable to breastfeed her baby.

In this case, there is no other reason other than to feed the newborn with artificial formula.

However, many of them have high degree allergenic and can provoke an acute immune reaction.

Infant formulas based on cow's milk are rich in the disaccharide lactose.

Lactose is a highly allergenic substance.

Cow's milk formulas are well suited for baby food, but not for all children.

If your newborn is allergic to lactose, a soy-based diet may be an alternative.

However, the substances themselves contained in soy can trigger allergies.

If a child has an allergy from the first days of life, a different type of nutrition is introduced.

The least allergenic food is based on protein hydrolyzate.

The protein in this diet is artificially broken down into amino acids for better absorption.

Early or incorrect introduction of complementary foods

Before this period, children's immunity is extremely weak and “inexperienced”.

Introducing new foods into the diet is a huge stress for the body.

The immune system does not know how to react and directs its forces to fight certain unfamiliar substances.

We are talking about a similar situation when complementary foods are introduced at the right time, but incorrectly.

Often parents give their children highly allergenic foods, and from the very first feeding, a stable allergy is formed for the rest of their lives.

This happens for two reasons:

the product is highly irritating;
introduction of complementary foods is not carried out smoothly. A sudden introduction of a new product into the diet is likely to cause an allergy.

Under no circumstances should you feed your child red vegetables and fruits, fatty cottage cheese, etc.

You should start with juices from the most “harmless” products. Apple (from green varieties) or pear juice, etc.

Poor nutrition of a nursing mother

A woman who is breastfeeding must have balanced diet so that the child receives everything he needs for normal development.

Poor nutrition can cause an allergic reaction.

A nursing mother should not eat the following foods:

spicy food, seasonings, garlic;
too sweet or salty food;
onions, cabbage, legumes;
chocolate;
coffee;
milk;
citrus;
sparkling water;

You need to be extremely careful when taking medications.

This is the main list of food products that a mother should consume very carefully or not give up at all.

A woman should structure her diet in such a way that it is balanced, but at the same time minimize the amount of potentially allergenic foods.

What nutritional disorders of mother and child lead to reactions?

The main mistakes in building nutrition for nursing mothers are the use of:

whole cow's milk;
fat cottage cheese;
fish;
chocolate;
citrus fruits;
fruit;
red vegetables and berries.

If the baby is introduced to complementary foods, then early transfer to such food leads to allergies.

Also, mothers often buy unadapted formulas for their babies.

How do food allergies manifest in children?

Symptoms food form in children under one year and a little older can be completely different:

skin rashes;
digestive problems;
respiratory diseases;
as well as swelling of varying degrees.

Skin

In 95% of cases, the food form affects the skin of children.

Skin diseases are considered to be the most diverse, and they also have varying degrees of severity.

Main skin manifestations:

hives: blisters on the skin that look like a nettle burn;
Quincke's edema: This is a severe form of urticaria that affects the mucous tissues. Affects the skin near the lips, eyes, scrotum and hands. May cause suffocation if spread to the larynx area;
strophulus: red bumps that cause severe itching. Appear on the skin in any area of the body;
erythema: large areas of skin become covered with a bluish rash;
Stevens-Johnson syndrome: huge blisters that affect mucous tissues. The epidermis layer may peel off;
atopic dermatitis: manifests itself on the cheeks in the form of flaking of the skin, as well as its redness. Can spread to other parts of the body.

Skin manifestations have several stages:

diathesis;
eczema;
atopic dermatitis.

Digestive disorder

The first signs that the food form is affecting the gastrointestinal tract are:

aversion to certain foods;
nausea and vomiting;
bloating;
pain in the abdomen;
indigestion and loose stools mixed with mucus and even blood;
alternating constipation and diarrhea.

In children under 6 years of age, in the case of the food form, the area under the rib on the right side, moving into the center of the abdomen, hurts.

After eating, the urge to vomit begins.

If the allergy continues for a long period of time, gastritis and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a chronic course may develop.

Edema

Swelling may occur if severe course diseases.

Various tissues and organs can swell:

scrotum;
mucous membranes of the mouth and nose;
hands and feet.

If a child experiences swelling, it is necessary to urgently seek medical help.

Edema can affect the larynx and bronchi.

This causes suffocation and is life-threatening.

How to diagnose and find the cause

It is very difficult to make a diagnosis and find out what exactly caused the allergy.

The main rule is to see a doctor.

The doctor will initially collect all the information (history) about:

how the family lives;
what are the child’s health complaints?
and other important information.
the mother must tell what foods she eats;
what he wears;
Is there any contact with animals?

After this, you need to conduct a blood test or take a skin test.

But such an analysis is carried out only for children over 5 years old.

What to do

Treatment of food allergies in children is prescribed by a doctor.

The main thing is to take antihistamine medications.

After a child is diagnosed with a disease, parents must change their lives.

It is necessary to remove all products that are considered allergens.

Children with dermatitis need skin care.

The baby should take a bath every day. It is important to always moisturize your skin.

The air in the child's room should be cool, and it is necessary to spend a lot of time outside.

Video: What you need to know about medications

Is it possible to visit kindergarten?

For children with severe manifestations of allergic reactions, there are special preschool institutions in cities.

These establishments prepare those products that are prescribed by the doctor. A special regime and diet are observed.

If there is no such institution, then visit a regular kindergarten No one has the right to prohibit a child with allergies.

The law stipulates that every preschool educational institution must prepare separately for allergy sufferers.

Diet and menu

When feeding your baby, you must adhere to a balanced diet.

The diet for food allergies in children must be strictly followed.

Foods that people with allergies can eat:

meat: rabbit, turkey, lamb, pork;
porridge: buckwheat, cereals, rice, wheat, peas;
dietary bread;
vegetables: cucumber, zucchini, potatoes, cabbage, dill, onion;
vegetable oil;
fruits: not red;
berries: not red;

Do not consume if you are allergic to:

sweets;
spicy food;
fatty meats;
eggs;
sparkling water.

Preventive measures

It is easier to prevent the development of allergies in a child than to treat this disease later.

The mother should begin prevention during her pregnancy.

You need to stick to a diet and not eat allergenic foods.

You should not expose yourself to the danger of colds in order to once again do not use medications.

A few simple principles should be followed:

When the baby is born, the woman should feed him breast milk for as long as possible. At the same time, she is also required to follow a special diet;
the child should have as little contact as possible with other irritants not related to nutrition. This is dust, pets;
it is necessary to constantly maintain order in the house, Special attention give bath;
the child should not come into contact with chemicals, smoke, cosmetics;
Vaccination plays an important role in the prevention of allergies.

allergycentr.ru

Food allergies in infants

The spread of allergic reactions affects not only adults, but also infants - we are talking, first of all, about allergies to food products. Since allergies in children are much more severe than in adults, this issue should be taken care of immediately. Many, for example, try to breastfeed their babies only, but it should be remembered that food allergies in infants can also be triggered by breast milk.

Reasons for a child's predisposition to allergies:

If either of the child's parents is susceptible allergic reactions- the child’s chance of being allergic increases. Typically, the predisposition of one of the parents with a probability of 37% leads to an allergy in the child, and the predisposition of each parent increases to 62%.
The next important factor is the use expectant mother during pregnancy the following products: vegetables and fruits of bright colors, milk, chicken eggs, chocolate, tonic drinks, nuts, honey and mushrooms. The consumption of these products by a pregnant mother increases the chances of the child developing an allergenic background. Smoking, as well as the use of antibiotics by the mother during pregnancy, negatively affects the unborn child’s tendency to allergies.
Diseases suffered by the child in infancy or hypoxia during pregnancy affect the formation of allergies. These diseases include, first of all, intestinal infections and ARVI.
Failure to comply with the feeding schedule of a nursing mother and infant greatly increases the risk of allergies.
Unreasonable transfer of a child from breastfeeding infant formula negatively affects susceptibility to allergies. Regularly changing formulas, feeding the baby cow's milk and consuming cheap formulas significantly increases the risk of allergies, as it disrupts the functioning of the baby's gastrointestinal tract.

Infants have poor production of the enzyme responsible for digesting food, so any new food is either not digested by the child or is digested with great difficulty. Most often, regularly changing food products leads to their rejection by the child’s body, which leads to rejection of the food in the future.

What symptoms will allow a mother to recognize the presence of an allergic reaction in her baby if it could not be prevented?

Allergies may occur different ways: skin diseases, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases:

Signs of allergic skin diseases are skin redness, rash, itching, peeling, profuse sweating, Quincke's edema, urticaria.
Respiratory diseases usually manifest themselves in severe allergic rhinitis.
Gastrointestinal diseases are expressed in constipation, diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, gag reflexes, and flatulence.

The most serious and life-threatening of the above diseases is Quincke's edema. With this disease, some parts of the body swell, an attack of suffocation occurs, a lack of oxygen occurs, and the child’s voice quickly becomes weak. If similar symptoms You need to see a doctor quickly!

In 85% of cases, infants develop an allergy when consuming cow's milk (protein).
The next product (62% of allergies) is chicken egg.
Dangerous foods are gluten-containing foods, bananas, buckwheat, potatoes, soybeans, less often corn, and even less often various types of meat.

If any allergy symptoms occur, the mother needs to show her child to a specialist to identify the product to which he is allergic and exclude it from the child’s diet. To do this, you need to keep a food journal in which your child's consumption of various foods and his reaction to them will be recorded.

Frequent cases of food allergies in a child can lead to the fact that he will develop other types of allergic diseases (not only food ones).

Video

Treatment of allergies in a child under one year old

Treatment for allergies usually consists of a strict diet that eliminates the suspected allergen from the diet. You can give some advice on what foods a nursing mother should exclude from her own diet in order to protect her child from allergies:

Products containing artificial colors.
Preservatives.
Fried foods.

Important article: what can a nursing mother eat (list of products)

This should reduce the child’s exposure to allergies, since most allergens are contained in the above products.

If an allergy occurs as a result of feeding with artificial formulas, you should switch to formulas where cow's milk protein is broken down to the level of amino acids.

Similar simple rules will allow your child to quickly get rid of most allergic symptoms.

Zodak drops for adults

Food allergies usually develop in the first year of a child’s life. At this time, the baby “gets acquainted” with many products.

What are the reasons for the development of food allergies in children under one year of age?

Firstly, the reasons may be a violation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). When a baby is born, most of its organs are at the “ripening” stage. For example, the production of enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract is reduced. That is, the pancreas has not yet learned to produce in the required quantities such enzymes as trypsin (necessary for the breakdown of proteins), amylase (for the breakdown of carbohydrates), lipase (for the breakdown of fats), in gastric juice contains few proteases (break down protein), etc.

In addition, the composition of the microflora in newborn babies is disturbed. More precisely, it has not yet fully formed. Thus, it turns out that many large molecules (what any food product), once in the tummy of a newborn, the crumbs simply cannot be digested. That’s why we don’t feed babies up to a certain age with fruits, cottage cheese and meat. What happens to these molecules? Due to the increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa (also a feature of the newborn), these molecules penetrate into blood vessels(they permeate all the intestinal walls). They produce antibodies called IgE. "Sensitization" occurs - increased sensitivity to certain macromolecules. That is, the body became acquainted with these macromolecules, developed antibodies, and the next time they met, the antibodies would react to the re-entry of the same macromolecules. An allergic reaction will develop. Food sensitization can develop from the first days or months of a child’s life.

Risk factors for the development of allergic reactions in children may include hereditary predisposition and environmental problems. environment(primarily maternal smoking during pregnancy). Preeclampsia in the mother also plays a negative role (and therefore hypoxia - oxygen starvation- fetus) and infectious diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy (and antibiotic treatment carried out in connection with this).

What nutritional disorders of mother and child can lead to the development of food allergies?

Firstly, it is the nursing mother’s excessive consumption of cow’s milk, cottage cheese, and highly allergenic foods (chocolate, nuts, strawberries, oranges, red fish and caviar). Secondly, early transfer of the child to mixed or artificial feeding, especially with the use of unadapted milk formulas and the administration of whole cow's milk in the first year of the child's life (as the main food product).

The symptoms of food allergies are extremely varied:

Allergic skin lesions (atopic dermatitis, Quincke's edema, urticaria, strophulus - infantile pruritus).
Gastrointestinal disorders (regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, colic, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, unstable stool).
Respiratory disorders (bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis).

Studies have shown that in children of the first year of life who suffer from allergies, hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins is most often detected (85%). Moreover, it is known that among children in the first year of life, allergies to cow's milk proteins occur in 0.5-1.5% of breastfed infants, and up to 2-7% in breastfed infants. artificial feeding. Among patients with atopic dermatitis, 85-90% of children are allergic to cow's milk proteins.

Also, babies have a high sensitivity to chicken egg protein (62%), gluten (53%), banana proteins (51%), and rice (50%). Less common are sensitization to buckwheat proteins (27%), potatoes (26%), soybeans (26%), even less often to corn proteins (12%), various types of meat (0-3%). It should be noted that the majority of children (76%) have polyvalent sensitization, that is, an allergy to three or more food proteins.

Products with different allergenic potential:

High	Average	Short
whole cow's milk; eggs; caviar; wheat, rye; carrots, tomatoes, bell pepper, celery; strawberries, wild strawberries, raspberries; citrus fruits, pineapples, pomegranates, kiwi, mango, persimmon, melon; coffee, cocoa; chocolate; mushrooms; nuts; honey;	beef; buckwheat, oats, rice; peas, beans, soybeans; potatoes, beets; peaches, apricots, cranberries, lingonberries, cherries, blueberries, black currants, rose hips, bananas;	dairy products; horse meat, rabbit meat, turkey, lean pork, lean lamb; colored, White cabbage, broccoli, zucchini, squash, cucumbers; green varieties of apples and pears, white and red currants, white and yellow cherries, yellow varieties of plums; garden greens (parsley, dill);

Diagnosis of allergies

As early as possible, it is necessary to establish and eliminate the cause of the disease - allergenic products. To do this, the allergist collects an allergic history (finds out who and what in your family had an allergic reaction), instructs you to keep a food diary (gradually reintroducing all foods, write down what the baby ate - what the reaction was, after 3-5 days new product, etc.). To accurately determine the allergen, you can carry out skin tests. They make cuts on the skin, drop “its own” allergen onto each one and wait to see what the reaction will be. This study is carried out only in the remission phase (not acute phase) against the background of an elimination (from “elimination” - exception) diet - only low-allergenic foods are consumed.

IN acute period diseases for diagnosing food allergies, the most accessible studies are immunological methods. They are called RAST, PRIST, MAST, ELISA. These studies are carried out in vitro (in a test tube) and allow the determination of specific antibodies (IgE and IgG4 classes) in the blood. Using these methods laboratory diagnostics makes it possible to detect in children early age, including infants, food hypersensitivity to proteins in the most common foods: cow's milk, chicken eggs, fish, peanuts, soy and wheat.

An open oral provocation test with “suspected allergens” can be performed (carried out only when clinical remission is achieved). This test is good for its reliability, but is dangerous (up to the development anaphylactic shock) and can therefore only be performed in specialized clinical centers.

Against the background of food allergies, hypersensitivity to other types of allergens (other food products, pollen, dust, medications) often develops plant origin etc.). This is due to the similarity of the antigenic structure and the development of cross-reactions. That is, 2 allergens similar in structure ( antigenic structure), our body confuses. In this case, the antibodies developed to the first allergen (potato) begin to react to another allergen (tomato). This is called "cross-reaction". As a result, an allergic reaction to another product develops.

Possible cross reactions between different types of allergens:

Food product	Foods and non-food antigens that cause cross-allergic reactions
Cow's milk	Goat's milk, products containing cow's milk proteins, beef, veal and meat products from them, cow's wool, enzyme preparations based on bovine pancreas
Kefir (kefir yeast)	Molds, mold cheeses (Roquefort, Brie, Dor Blue, etc.), yeast dough, kvass, antibiotics penicillin series, mushrooms
Fish	River and sea fish, seafood (crabs, shrimp, caviar, lobsters, lobsters, mussels, etc.), fish food (daphnia)
Egg	Chicken meat and broth, quail eggs and meat, duck meat, sauces, creams, mayonnaise including chicken egg components, feather pillows, medications (interferon, lysozyme, bifiliz, some vaccines)
Carrot	Parsley, celery, b-carotene, vitamin A
Strawberry	Raspberries, blackberries, currants, lingonberries
Apples	Pear, quince, peach, plum, birch, alder, wormwood pollen
Potato	Eggplants, tomatoes, green and red peppers, paprika, tobacco
Nuts (hazelnuts, etc.)	Nuts of other varieties, kiwi, mango, rice flour, buckwheat, oatmeal), sesame, poppy, birch and hazel pollen
Peanut	Soybeans, bananas, stone fruits (plum, peaches, cherries), green pea, tomatoes, latex
Bananas	Wheat gluten, kiwi, melon, avocado, latex, plantain pollen
Citrus	Grapefruit, lemon, orange, tangerine
Beet	Spinach, sugar beet
Legumes	Peanuts, soybeans, peas, beans, lentils, mango, alfalfa
Plum	Almonds, apricots, cherries, nectarines, peaches, wild cherries, cherries, prunes, apples
Kiwi	Banana, avocado, nuts, flour (rice, buckwheat, oatmeal), sesame, latex, birch pollen, cereal grasses

Diet therapy is the basis of treatment for children with food allergies

The basic principles of constructing a hypoallergenic diet are the elimination (exclusion) from food of foods with high sensitizing activity, causally significant, cross-reacting, irritating the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, containing preservatives, food colorings, emulsifiers, stabilizers, etc. adequate replacement excluded products by natural and specialty products.

Hypoallergenic industrial products:

specialized mixtures based on hydrolysates milk protein(therapeutic, treatment-and-prophylactic and prophylactic purposes, which can be used from birth);
specialized mixtures based on soy protein isolate (consumed mono from 6 months of age);
hypoallergenic dairy-free porridges;
hypoallergenic monocomponent berries, fruits and vegetable purees(from 5-6 months);
hypoallergenic monocomponent canned meat: horse meat, turkey, lamb, etc. (from 9-10 months);
specialized water for baby food.

Despite the fact that an allergy to cow's milk proteins can be detected in breastfed children, it is important to preserve mother's milk as completely as possible in their diet, which, in addition to the main nutrients ( nutrients), vitamins and minerals contains protective factors (secretory IgA), hormones, enzymes, and growth factors necessary for the adequate development of the child.

Nursing mothers need to follow a special diet.

Products and dishes excluded, limited and used in hypoallergenic diets for nursing mothers:

Excluded	Limited	Allowed
Fish, seafood, caviar, eggs, mushrooms, nuts, honey, chocolate, coffee, cocoa, vegetables, fruits and berries of bright red and orange, as well as kiwi, pineapples, avocados; broths, marinades, salty and spicy dishes, canned food, spices; products containing dyes, preservatives; carbonated drinks, kvass; sauerkraut, radish, radishes, some cheeses, ham, sausages, beer	Whole milk (only in porridge), sour cream in dishes; bakery and pasta from premium flour, semolina; confectionery, sweets; sugar; salt	Fermented milk products (kefir, bifikefir, bifidoc, acidophilus, yoghurts without fruit additives, etc.); cereals (buckwheat, corn, rice, oatmeal, etc.); vegetables and fruits (green, white); soups (vegetarian vegetable and cereal); meat (low-fat beef, pork, turkey fillet, boiled, stewed chicken, and also in the form of steamed cutlets); 2nd grade wheat bread, rye, “Darnitsky”; drinks (tea, compotes, fruit drinks)

Currently, for hypersensitivity to cow's milk proteins, mixtures prepared on the basis of milk protein hydrolysates (casein and whey proteins) are widely used.

Distribution of mixtures based on hydrolysates depending on their clinical purpose

A positive effect should be expected no earlier than 3-4 weeks from the start of using specialized mixtures.

It is important to note that the level of tolerance ("resistance", absence of allergy) to cow's milk proteins (CMP) is achieved in 80-90% of children by the age of 3 years, but 10-20% of children cannot tolerate CMP at the age of 3 years, and in 26% manifestations of milk allergy can persist for up to 9-14 years.

When introducing complementary foods, it is necessary not to rush into deadlines and strictly follow all the rules of complementary feeding. This is a gradual introduction (starting with 1/4 tsp), we introduce only 1 product for 5-7 days, and only then try to introduce the next one. Timing for introducing complementary foods to children in the first year of life with food allergies (compared to healthy children):

Products	Timing of introduction of products and dishes (month of life)
Products	healthy children	children with food allergies*
Fruit and berry juices	9-10	11-12
Fruit purees	5-6	6-7
Cottage cheese	6	Not assigned
Yolk	8	Not assigned
Vegetable puree	5-6	6-7 (no added milk)
Vegetable oil	7-8	9-10
Porridge	5,5-6,5	5,5-6,5 (on soy mixture or protein hydrolyzate)
Butter	7-8	8-9 (melted)
Meat puree	9-10	10-12
Dairy products	8-9	9-10 (at mild degree sensitization to cow's milk proteins)
Rusks, cookies	7	8 (not rich)
Wheat bread	8	9 (second grade loaves, “Darnitsky”)
Fish	10	Not assigned

*Taking into account individual tolerance of products

Treatment and diet for a child with allergies must be approached individually; this is half the success of recovery.

How high is the risk of allergies? small child? Let's look at several factors that predispose to the occurrence of this disease.

1. Succession from close relatives. The risk of allergies is especially high in those children whose close relatives themselves suffered from some type of allergy. It is known that if in a child’s family one of the parents is susceptible to allergic diseases, then the risk of developing it in the baby is approximately 37%, and if both parents are present, then the risk increases to 62%.

2. In addition to hereditary ones, the following ones play a role, provoking allergic diseases factors: hypoxia of the child during pregnancy and childbirth, suffered by the baby ARVI and various intestinal infections, as a result of which the composition of the intestinal microflora changes. Excessive consumption by the expectant mother of dishes from following products: milk, chicken eggs, fruits and vegetables of bright colors, tonic drinks, chocolate products, mushrooms in any form, nuts, honey. These highly allergenic products contribute to the formation of an allergic background in the unborn child. Smoking during pregnancy, as well as various infectious diseases, transferred during this period with antibiotic treatment.

3. It is also necessary to consider non-compliance with the diet of mother and baby, which contributes to the occurrence of allergies. If the baby is breastfed, then dairy products, cottage cheese, chocolate products, nuts, strawberries, citrus fruits, red fish consumed by the mother can cause or intensify allergic diseases The child has.

Unreasonably transferring a child to mixed or artificial feeding with the use of unadapted cheap formulas, frequent changes of formulas during the period of its selection, feeding with cow's milk in the first months of a child's life contributes to the disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and significantly increases the risk of the occurrence and development of allergic diseases.

Let's take a closer look at the last factor. In a newborn child, all organs are in the stage of maturation until they can fully function. In the gastrointestinal tract, the production of enzymes responsible for the complete absorption of food is still reduced. The pancreas does not yet have the ability to produce in the required quantities enzymes necessary for digestion such as amylase (breaks down carbohydrates), lipase (breaks down fats), trypsin (breaks down proteins), etc. It turns out that an unfamiliar product, having reached the table small child, simply cannot be digested by him, because... there will not be enough necessary enzymes. Therefore, it is very important, when it comes to complementary feeding, not to rush or rush into introducing new products, so as not to upset the child’s gastrointestinal tract. The table shows approximate dates introducing new products to children suffering from allergies. It is very important when introducing a new type of complementary food to apply the rule of gradual introduction (start with 1/2 teaspoon), introduce only one type of complementary food at a time for 7-10 days, and only after making sure that no negative reaction for this product, enter the next one.

*Taking into account individual tolerance of products

Symptoms and signs of food allergies.

Food allergies can manifest in children in completely different ways:

— Various allergic skin diseases, such as: skin rashes, redness of various types, peeling of the skin, incessant itching, profuse prickly heat, diaper rash that does not go away for a long time, urticaria, as well as Quincke’s edema;

Respiratory diseases: allergic runny nose;

Gastrointestinal (gastrointestinal) disorders: vomiting reflex, constipation, flatulence, diarrhea, regurgitation.

In the cases listed above, Quincke's edema is considered the most serious and alarming. With it, the affected child experiences swelling of the skin, initially similar to large blisters, which quickly grow in size. An attack of suffocation begins in the throat, the voice quickly sinks, a lack of oxygen appears, and as a result, shortness of breath. This situation is very similar to an attack of bronchial asthma. In this case, it is necessary to call an ambulance as quickly as possible. help, and immediately by phone clarify how much of the anti-allergy drug you have (Suprastin, Claritin, etc.) can be given to the baby while the help car is driving.

Diagnosis of allergies.

Based on various studies, it becomes obvious that children under one year of age mostly (85%) have an allergic reaction to cow's milk (more precisely, to its protein). Of the babies who have developed atopic dermatitis, 85-90% of children are allergic to cow's milk protein. Children are also more likely to be allergic to chicken eggs (62%), gluten (53%), banana (51%), and rice (50%). Sometimes allergies occur to buckwheat protein (27%), potatoes (26%), soy (26%). Rarely, but still happens on corn (12%), various types of meat (0-3%). Many children (76%) are allergic to three or more types of food proteins.

Products with to varying degrees allergenicity:

If your baby has the symptoms described above, you should try to quickly consult a pediatrician and allergist to find and eliminate the sources of the disease. After this, you need to remove foods that provoke the formation of an allergic reaction from your diet. To do this, a specialist observing the child usually suggests keeping a food journal, where the mother should enter foods and dishes that she herself eats, or everything that the child ate, and the reaction to these dishes.

Also, to identify allergens in babies in the first months of life, a method of taking blood from a vein is used and the presence of specific antibodies (classes IgE and IgG4) in the blood serum is detected. Using this method, you can identify the sensitivity of the baby’s body to a wide range of different foods.

It is worth noting that a child with a food allergy is likely to develop an allergic reaction to other types of various allergens. This can happen, for example, if the body encounters two allergens that are similar in structure. As a result, the developed antibodies that react to the first allergic type of food begin to react to the second. This reaction is called " cross allergy" Ultimately, an allergy may occur to that second product.

The table shows possible cross-reactions among different types of allergens.

Treatment of allergic diseases

Treatment of allergy manifestations is primarily a diet, the purpose of which is to identify and eliminate the allergen product from the diet.

If a mother is breastfeeding, then she should exclude from her menu all foods that give an allergic reaction, namely: various preservatives, artificial colors, fried foods and other obvious allergens. If, as a result of the mother’s diet, it is possible to identify an allergen, then the mother excludes it from her menu for a period of 1 to 3 months. As a result, during this time the signs of an allergic reaction in the child should at least decrease, but mostly disappear completely. After this, it is allowed to slowly expand the mother’s menu, but highly allergenic foods should still be excluded from the diet.

If the baby is fed artificial formulas, then an allergy is likely to the cow's milk proteins included in their composition. In this case, it would be correct to partially or completely replace the mixture used with special hypoallergenic ones, where the protein has already been broken down to the level of amino acids (hydrolyzed mixtures) - with such feeding, the development of the disease will not occur. But you need to understand that under no circumstances should you prescribe to your child medicinal mixture, you must definitely consult a specialist and administer it under supervision.

Any obvious result will be noticeable only 3-4 weeks after starting to use specialized mixtures.

Also, in the fight against food allergies, your doctor may prescribe other medications, namely: antihistamines, various creams and ointments (including even hormonal ones), adsorbents to remove accumulated harmful substances from the body. In addition, during the treatment of the disease it is necessary to monitor, and in some cases correct, the intestinal flora with the help of various means, which contain normoflorins: bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

Recommendations for mothers whose babies are breastfed.

In order to minimize the risk of developing food allergies in children receiving breast milk, a list of dishes and products is provided depending on their level of allergy.

Allergy is hypersensitivity human body to various external factors.

Allergy is the increased sensitivity of the human body to various external factors (dust, pollen, air pollution), including food.

Causes of allergies in children

Unfortunately, the number of children susceptible to allergic reactions is steadily increasing.

Today the incidence rate in Russia is 30%. This figure is approximately the same for all European countries, indicating the international scope of the problem.

The main reasons are: difficult environmental conditions, hereditary predisposition, seasonal epidemics, illnesses of parents, stress, peculiarities of pregnancy and the mother’s breastfeeding period, etc.

Most often, in the first year of life, allergies are expressed in the form of rashes, redness and peeling on the child’s skin. Sometimes this manifests itself as intestinal colic, stool instability, gas, respiratory disorders.

Yes, this is all serious. But don’t be discouraged just because your little one happened to be born in an era of urbanization and thousands of environmental disasters. The mother’s task is not to be afraid, but to do everything possible to protect her baby from allergies.

How can you tell if your child is prone to allergies?

Most often, this reaction occurs in children at risk. GEM is an abbreviation for three main factors that put children at risk - genetics, environment, mother.

Genetics

Everything is passed on from parents to child - both good and not so good. If both mom and dad have allergies, you need to be on guard.

In this case, the risk of an allergy in a child is 90%.

If only the mother is susceptible to allergies - 80%, if the father - 30%. If you do not suffer from allergies, but your parents (grandparents) do, the likelihood of your baby getting sick is reduced to 20%.

Ecology

The ecological situation in the place where the mother grew up, where her pregnancy took place, and where the baby appeared and is growing is of great importance. IN big cities the situation is rarely favorable - the air accumulates tobacco smoke, smog, many allergens from plants and trees.

Well, if before the child was born, the father or mother worked in hazardous work, then this factor can have a detrimental effect not only on their health, but also indirectly on the body of the unborn child.

Sometimes people are not free to choose where they live and work. But parents are always obliged to take care of the health of their offspring, to the best of their ability.

Mother

Alas, it is not always the case that pregnancy proceeds calmly and serenely. If the mother took antibiotics during this period, or there was a threat of miscarriage, then most likely in the future this will affect the occurrence of allergic manifestations The child has.

It happens that expectant mothers are addicted to eating chocolate, citrus fruits, fish, nuts or other allergenic foods. And if they smoke and continue to do so during lactation, then the baby’s risk of developing allergies increases to 50%! Moreover, passive smoking affects this exactly to the same extent as the active one.

But the main cause of allergies in babies in the first year of life is still poor nutrition. We will tell you below how to protect your baby, even with a high probability of illness (if you found several matches at once) and about treatment methods.

How does an allergy manifest itself?

Primarily skin symptoms. These include: redness and dryness, itching, rash. In more severe cases urticaria occurs - large, irregularly shaped spots protruding above the skin level, atopic dermatitis - a genetically determined lesion skin, as well as food diathesis.

If left untreated, scratching, erosion and weeping appear. In this case, food allergies may be accompanied by dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, constipation) and nervous system(anxiety, moodiness).

With age, these symptoms can develop into other forms: allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, hay fever, conjunctivitis.

What foods can cause allergies in children?

The most common allergen is cow's milk protein. In most formulas, cow's milk is used as the base. If it is determined that the baby has a reaction to the formula, you need to replace it with a product based on goat milk or soy protein, and in especially severe cases, with hydrolyzed and hypoallergenic formulas. Dietary changes should only be made with the direct involvement of your pediatrician.

In addition to formula and cow's milk, severe allergies can be caused by: eggs, fish, wheat, corn, nuts, chocolate, red vegetables and fruits. You should never introduce any types of complementary foods ahead of time (up to 6 months), because the best preventive measure against all types of allergies is breast milk. You should try to preserve it for as long as possible, and if the baby is also susceptible to allergies, then this may simply become a panacea for you for all your troubles.

How are allergies treated in children?

At the first manifestations of an allergy, you should contact your local doctor, and if necessary, he will refer you to specialized specialists. First of all, you will have to undergo a series of tests: general analysis blood (for elevated eosinophils) and determination of total IgE. The key to the beginning successful treatment There will be a complete exclusion of contact with the allergen and a hypoallergenic diet (for food allergies).

If your baby is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, you will be prescribed a course of treatment local medications: topical hormonal ointments, as well as ointments with a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. It happens that several causes of allergies are discovered at once - then in addition, antigestamines are prescribed, and if an infection occurs, antibacterial and antifungal drugs are prescribed. If necessary, the doctor may prescribe pro- or prebiotics, enzymes, and sorbents.

In addition, prepare to comply with the strict so-called for at least 6-8 months. an elimination diet with the exclusion of obligatory allergenic foods (see list above), with a gradual expansion of the diet over a long period of time and with the obligatory keeping of a food diary.