When to vaccinate against tick-borne encephalitis and where? Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination for adults Encephalitis vaccination schedule for adults

With the advent of the first spring, real warmth, some people go to nature with their whole families to relax, breathe clean air and enjoy the reviving nature. At the same time, many people forget what dangers await a person in the forest, near a river or near a pond. Ixodes ticks are considered one of the most dangerous insects. Often, a tick bite threatens to become infected with tick-borne encephalitis, which leads to dire consequences, since the virus damages the vital important bodies. To protect yourself from such dangerous consequences better get vaccinated.

A person who has been bitten by a tick experiences the consequences of a bite already during the first week if the bite turned out to be unsafe. Therefore, the following symptoms may appear:

The appearance of headache and muscle pain.
Edema of the extremities and neck area.
Lack of appetite and bouts of fever.
Loss of consciousness and coma.

If vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis, then it will stop the development viral disease. Especially in need of it:

People living in areas where there are a large number of these blood-sucking insects.
Tourists and travelers.
Children who have a rest in the villages in the summer and eat unboiled milk.
Lumber workers and foresters.
Farm owners agriculture and their employees.
Military personnel.

Vaccination is the appearance in the human body of a weakened virus, which provokes the production of antibodies in the body that can destroy viruses that enter the human body. Information about the virus is stored in the human body long time. As soon as it enters the human body, it immediately begins to produce antibodies that destroy this virus. The fight continues until not a single virus remains in the body.

Does the vaccine really help?

It is believed that drugs for tick-borne encephalitis are absolutely safe, since they contain safe forms of this pathogen in their composition. As a result of vaccination human body develops strong immunity, even on the basis of dead fragments of the pathogen. As a rule, immunity is developed in almost 95 percent of vaccinated patients. Even repeated attacks of bloodsuckers will not lead to the appearance of signs of a viral infection.

Interesting to know! Since there are still 5 percent of patients who can get sick, they get sick in mild form, without any complications.

The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis is produced by many countries. For preventive purposes, to prevent the disease, the following are used:

Dry vaccine, made in Russia.
Adult and children's vaccine "Encepur", made in Germany.
FSME Immun and FSME Immun Junior, made in Austria.

Russia produces the children's vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis "EnceVir Neo", as well as "EnceVir" for adults.

Foreign-made vaccines are very popular all over the world. The Encepur vaccine for children is administered to children aged 1 to 12 years. The vaccination scheme is as follows: 2 injections are administered, after 1-3 months, and when 9 months or 1 year is reached, the third vaccination is given. "Encepur" for adults is vaccinated according to the same scheme.

Interesting to know! Despite the fact that the serum of the Russian manufacturer contains antigens of the Siberian and Far Eastern viruses, and the serum of the European vaccine contains strains of the Western virus, all types of vaccines act in the same way, protecting the human body from irreversible consequences.

How does vaccination work?

There are two vaccination options:

Conventional (classical), which involves the introduction of three doses into the human body. Depending on the recommendations of the manufacturer, experts choose the timing of vaccination. To form a strong immunity against infection in a person, it is necessary to make two vaccinations, with an interval of 1 to 7 months. Given the fact that ticks are most active from May to June inclusive, vaccinations must be done either in autumn or winter. The most extreme term is the month of March or April. Once every 3 years, it is necessary to vaccinate again according to the same scheme.
Rapid vaccination is aimed at ensuring that a person develops immunity in the shortest possible time. It is also carried out in 2 stages, with an interval of 2 weeks. This allows you to protect the human body in a month, no more.

It's important to know! Vaccination is possible only when a person is absolutely healthy and has visited a doctor for an additional examination. One injection is not enough for a person to develop stable immunity, so you will have to be vaccinated again.

The injection is administered to a person subcutaneously in the shoulder area. The vaccine must not be allowed to enter the blood vessel.

Many parents do not know that after the first year of life, the child must be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis. Preparations of the German and Austrian manufacturer are very popular. Unfortunately, domestic products are not in such demand, since the domestic manufacturer does not pay much attention to the purity of the drug. Moreover, this is typical for many drugs, for example, the same insulin is able to leave side effects, which cannot be said about imported drugs.

Naturally, it is necessary to vaccinate children only when there is a huge risk of contracting this disease. Therefore, vaccination provides:

Protecting the child in case of a tick bite. The child may not get sick at all, or may get the infection without complications.
The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine has a number of side effects that are extremely rare. As a rule, children tolerate vaccination easily and without problems.
The vaccine is valid for at least 3 years, so during this period the child is reliably protected from tick-borne encephalitis.

This type of vaccination is not considered mandatory for adults, although you can meet a tick anywhere: in the forest, in the park, near the river, in the country, etc. In any case, vaccination ensures that a person does not suffer from a tick bite.

As a rule, experts do not recommend drinking alcohol after the introduction of the vaccine. This is due to the fact that alcohol depresses the immune system, which leads to a weakening protective functions organism. After the introduction of strains of the virus, unpredictable consequences are possible due to the enhanced action of the drug.

It's important to know! Vaccination is nothing more than viruses, which, although they show their effect on the body, but not in such a form that allows the body to develop antibodies in a timely manner. In fact, after vaccination, a person gets sick, but this can go away in an inconspicuous mild form. When the body's defenses are weakened by the action of alcohol, even deaths are possible. Therefore, it is better to refuse to take alcoholic beverages on the day of vaccination.

Many patients indicate that the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is not tolerated as easily as we would like. It causes or may cause:

At the injection site, swelling, redness, or tissue thickening may occur.
The body temperature rises against the background of fever.
The manifestation of lethargy or apathy, and in some cases, excessive excitability.
Possible strong headache.
The pulse quickens.
There is no appetite.
Possible allergic reactions.
Thickening of the lymph nodes.
Muscle pain and cramps.
Vomiting appears on the background of indigestion.

In cases of manifestation of such reactions of the body to the vaccine, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination contraindications

In some cases, it is forbidden to administer the tick-borne encephalitis vaccine into the human body. For instance:

Any chronic disease can serve as a contraindication.
In the presence of diabetes or bronchial asthma.
When a person suffers from epilepsy or tuberculosis.
In the presence of such an ailment as rheumatism or blood disease.
In cases of disruption of the endocrine system.
increased response to chicken protein may also serve as a reason for not using such a vaccine.
In cases of disruption in work of cardio-vascular system and in the work of the liver.
Children under the age of one year, during periods of breastfeeding, as well as during pregnancy.

Where do vaccinations besides the clinic

It is easy to guess that you can get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis only in a specialized medical institution. In areas that are unfavorable, from the point of view of the sanitary and epidemiological service in matters of tick activity, vaccinations are absolutely free and mandatory.

It's important to know! You can get vaccinated not only in the clinic, but also in the infectious diseases hospital, as well as in the sanitation station. 1 ampoule of a domestic vaccine costs about 500 rubles, and an imported one is 2 times more expensive.

If necessary, you must personally contact the vaccination offices to find out what this procedure will cost. If a vaccine is not available, then the doctor will advise you to drink some antiviral drugs.

In case of a tick bite: how to act

If the tick is still bitten, then in the first 3 days (or better on the same day) take preventive measures using immunoglobulin. As preventive measures against tick-borne encephalitis, especially in children, you can use immunoglobulin and Anaferon.

In the event of a tick bite, first of all, care should be taken to remove the tick from the human body as soon as possible. You need to act quickly, without delay and correctly. If there are no skills to remove ticks, then it is better not to take independent measures so as not to aggravate the situation. If the head of the tick remains in the body, then problems cannot be avoided. In such cases, it is better to immediately contact a specialist who will do everything right and tell you what to do next. Ignoring such recommendations can cost a person dearly.

For an adult, tick vaccination is not included in the list mandatory procedures. However, those who, by virtue of their professional activity or living habits are at risk of being bitten by ticks, such a vaccination is recommended.

This applies to those who permanently live in regions with a difficult epidemic situation, or temporarily enter such territories during periods when ticks are in the active stage.

Surges in the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis, as well as Lyme disease, are observed from spring to autumn, when tall grass grows in which ticks live.

An adult can become infected with this disease only through the bite of a tick, the carrier of the virus, or after drinking milk or meat from infected animals. In external environment the virus cannot exist for a long time, it is subject to the destructive effects of ultraviolet radiation, is sensitive to chlorine-containing substances, and is quickly destroyed by boiling.

However, if the virus is so easy to kill, a natural question arises, why do people need tick vaccinations?

There are several reasons for this:

According to statistics, approximately 1/5 of all ticks are already infected with the virus. Therefore, with the same probability, adults become infected with encephalitis after bites.
In the body of a tick, the virus can exist for up to 4 years, and during this time the insect can bite not only people, but also animals several times, spreading the virus at a high rate.
The virus enters the body and causes various pathologies neurological nature. Each one is different severe course and can accompany a person throughout life. Vaccination is the only way to prevent infection and severe consequences.
When infected with European-type encephalitis, death occurs in only 2% of cases, while the Far Eastern strain of the virus kills about 20-25% of patients.
The spread of the virus across the territory of the Russian Federation is striking in its scale. Cases of the disease are recorded in almost all regions, so vaccination should not be ignored.

To provide the body with stable immunity, it is important to choose the right time when to get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis.

In cases where vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is necessary, the vaccination schedule for adults involves three doses of the vaccine. Although in some cases, depending on the drugs used, it may vary to some extent.

Vaccination for adults, as well as for children, is prescribed after examination by a therapist.

The most commonly used vaccination schedule is:

The first dose is administered on any day that is convenient for the patient and medical indications are allowed.
The next vaccination should be done in about 1-3 months.
The last dose should be administered 9-12 months after the first injection.

If emergency vaccination is needed for an adult, then the interval between the first two injections is reduced to 2 weeks, and the third vaccination is given according to the standard scheme - 9-12 months after the first dose. As a rule, two doses of the vaccine given within a month are enough to protect the body from infection with the virus.

Features of vaccination

The localization of the vaccination may differ depending on the vaccine used, although in Lately most often intramuscular injections are made.

As for the timing when the vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis should be done, it all depends on the specific conditions. For example, when traveling on a business trip to dangerous regions, it is recommended to get vaccinated. However, the risk of infection in office workers and those whose profession is related to work in the field will be incomparably different. The latter are strongly recommended to undergo emergency vaccination according to indications.

special preparatory activities not required prior to vaccination. It is enough to undergo an examination by a therapist before the introduction of a vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis. If a cold is suspected, additional tests will be ordered.

Contraindications

There are only two indications for vaccination against encephalitis for an adult - the implementation of routine and emergency vaccination against the disease.

Contraindications to such a procedure are somewhat more extensive:

If severe adverse reactions occur after the initial administration of the vaccine, do not re-vaccinate.
If the immune system is weakened, the vaccination is not done, since a weakened live vaccine is used for it.
Exacerbation of chronic and any infectious diseases is an obstacle to vaccination.
Pregnancy and the first few weeks after childbirth are the time when the encephalitis vaccine is not given due to the weakening of the woman's immunity.
An allergy to chicken protein is a contraindication to the use of vaccines containing it.
Age criteria for vaccination are indicated on each specific vaccine. Some are allowed from 3-4 years.
If adults have pathologies of the kidneys and liver, vaccination is not carried out.

Reactions and complications to vaccination

As a rule, the reaction to the encephalitis vaccine does not become very acute and severe if the vaccine has been stored correctly and the rules for its administration have not been violated. That is, the minimum number of complications after such injections is fixed.

All side effects on vaccination in adults can be divided into two groups: general and local.

Local manifestations are redness of the injection site, possibly induration. After 5 days, all these symptoms disappear on their own without additional treatment.
The temperature after vaccination against a tick rises quite rarely. In addition, its growth is usually not critical, therefore it does not threaten the health and life of the patient, it does not need to be adjusted and taking antipyretic drugs. As a rule, the temperature rises within 1-1.5 ℃.
TO common manifestations in adults, joint pain, migraine, general weakness and loss of strength. Usually, such symptoms are similar to the onset of a cold, so it is better to consult a therapist.
Among the complications that a tick vaccination can cause is allergy. It can manifest itself in the form of a rash, urticaria, less often - anaphylaxis or angioedema.
TO anxiety symptoms requiring the attention of a specialist include suppuration of the injection site, high temperature, which lasts for several days in adults, convulsions and some other neurological manifestations. As a rule, the cause of such a reaction of the body is improper storage of the vaccine, including expiration dates, as well as violation of the rules for administering the drug.

In the presence of local reactions that do not cause significant discomfort to a person, for example, a rise in temperature, general malaise or prostration, no medical attention is required.

The patient's condition normalizes on its own within the next 5 days. If the symptoms are severe and threaten the health of a person, it is worth contacting a therapist for help.

How long does the vaccine last

To work out enough antibodies in the body of an adult against tick-borne encephalitis, it is necessary to make three injections of the vaccine at regular intervals. As a rule, between the first and second injection passes from 1 to 3 months. The third vaccination is given about a year after the first. Please note that the body, weakened by a cold or exacerbation of a chronic disease, must recover and recover. Only then can you be vaccinated.

Immunity against tick-borne encephalitis usually lasts for 3 years if the vaccination was carried out in full and on time.

Is a tick inoculation necessary?
Vaccination schedules
Where to get vaccinated?
When to get vaccinated?
Contraindications
FAQ

Tick-borne encephalitis is an extremely dangerous disease, the danger of which increases sharply with the advent of spring. People spend a lot of time in nature, not always understanding what danger threatens them, and not always providing themselves with a sufficient degree of protection. The most efficient and reliable preventive measure vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is considered. In this article, we will understand when and how it is done, and answer the most topical issues on this topic.

Is a tick vaccination necessary?

Of course, the decision to vaccinate against tick-borne encephalitis should be made by a person based on the characteristics of his life. This is not to say that absolutely everyone needs it.

Vaccination can be called practically necessary measure for people who, due to their occupation or circumstances of life, spend a lot of time outdoors, in a forest area. If a person lives in a region increased activity ticks and the likelihood of being bitten is very high, vaccination is the most reasonable solution that can protect a person from infection.

Vaccination against encephalitis tick contains a “killed” virus that provokes the immune system to create antibodies that are trained to fight encephalitis, and, when they encounter a real virus, they can quickly and effectively fight back. It is worth vaccinating only after consulting a therapist in order to identify possible contraindications.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out only according to the instructions of the medical institution after a therapeutic examination.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination schedule:

The first vaccination is given on the day assigned to you by the medical institution.
The second - in 1-3 months.
The third - after 9-12 months.

There is also an emergency vaccination option, in which the second vaccination is carried out after 14 days, and the third - also after 9-12 months. As practice shows, two doses of the vaccine introduced into the body within a month are quite enough to create the resources of the body resistant to encephalitis.

But in order to create a permanent and stable immunity that will provide protection for 3 years, it is imperative to carry out a third vaccination, a year after the second.

Thus, if the last third tick vaccination has not been given, for humans, protection against encephalitis will be short (for one season). If you have received only one dose of the vaccine, you should not expect full protection against the virus. This is not enough to develop sustainable immunity.

Virtually everyone modern vaccines an emergency vaccination scheme against tick-borne encephalitis is provided, which allows you to protect the body in a shorter period of time, and is used when the standard vaccination dates have been missed.

In order to maintain the protective effect, revaccination against tick-borne encephalitis with one standard dose of vaccination every three years is required.

Where to get vaccinated?

You can get vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis in both private and public medical institutions with the appropriate license. In city clinics, you can get vaccinations for free, but in private ones you have to pay, here they use imported vaccines. Studies show that both our free and import vaccination from tick-borne encephalitis has the same effectiveness - it protects against encephalitis in 95% of cases.

When should I be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis?

Vaccination can be carried out at any time of the year. It is best to vaccinate before the start of tick season. The best time for the first and second doses, these are the winter and spring months. If you start vaccinations shortly before the tick season, or during, it is recommended to use emergency vaccination schedules.

Contraindications

Like any medical procedure, vaccination against encephalitis has contraindications, which must be known in advance. Among them:

Allergic reactions to the vaccine or its individual components. It is also not recommended to vaccinate people with an allergy to chicken eggs.

Vaccination is also contraindicated while taking other medicines because they can cause fever and other side effects.

In the presence of diseases: rheumatism, tuberculosis, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart attack, cardiovascular insufficiency, etc.

If a person suffers from acute diseases, vaccination can be carried out only one month after full recovery.

For pregnant and lactating women, vaccination is prescribed only in cases of increased risk of infection, after consulting a doctor.

Tick-borne encephalitis is a dangerous and severe neuroinfectious diseases, leading to disability or death. The disease occurs as a result of human infection with a virus that enters the bloodstream by sucking the carrier of the virus - a forest tick. The problem of tick-borne encephalitis remains relevant today, in total about 80% of sick patients are urban population. Tick-borne encephalitis can be prevented by:

· non-specific species prevention, including the use of a special type of clothing and repellents that are used to treat open areas of the body and clothing when visiting forest and park areas.

Specific type of prevention preventive vaccination shown to everyone. It is desirable to implement it in advance for those who go on vacation or work in regions with increased risk infections. Preventive vaccination- most reliable way protection against tick-borne encephalitis.

Spring and summer seasons are the time for the greatest activity of ticks. Incubation period in humans after infection lasts 10-14 days. The first signs of the disease may be chills, redness of the face, severe headache, temperature up to 38-39 degrees, nausea and vomiting, muscle pain in the neck and shoulders, in the chest and lumbar regions back, limbs.

Many years of experience in the fight against tick-borne encephalitis virus proves that modern vaccine preparations are safe, well tolerated by almost everyone, the presence of some chronic diseases may be a contraindication. After consultation, the doctor either prescribes the vaccine or rejects it due to incompatibility.

In a timely vaccinated person, the disease proceeds, as a rule, easily and without complications. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out according to the scheme approved by the Ministry of Health. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out with various drugs.

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Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination schedule

There is a standard and accelerated vaccination scheme.

Standard: Diagram

· cultural purified concentrated inactivated dry FGUP "PIPVE them. M.P. Chumakov RAMS (Russia) for children over 3 years old. – 1st dose (assigned day), 2nd dose after 5-7 months.

«EnceVir» cultured, purified inactivated vaccine developed by Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Russia) for people over 18 years old - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 5-7 months.

· FSME-IMMUNE ENCEPUR (adult for persons over 16 years old) - 1st dose (assigned day), 2nd dose after 1-3 months.

· "FSME-IMMUNE Junior" - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 1-3 months (from 1 year to 16 years).

· "ENCEPUR" (for children) - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 1-3 months.

Accelerated scheme:

cultured purified concentrated inactivated dry - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 2 months.

EnceVir - 1st dose (assigned day), 2nd dose after 14 days.

FSME-IMMUNE ENCEPUR (adult) - 1st dose (assigned day), 2nd dose after 14 days.

· "FSME-IMMUNE Junior" - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 14 days.

· "ENCEPUR" (for children) - 1st dose (appointed day), 2nd dose after 7 days, 3rd dose 21 days after the first vaccination.

12 months after the first course, vaccinations are repeated. Each subsequent revaccination is carried out every 3 years. Contraindications to vaccination also include allergies to the components contained in the preparations. Tick-borne encephalitis is common in many regions of Russia - in Siberia in the Urals, in the Far East, in middle lane Russia, in the North-West region, in the Volga region.

It is recommended, in case of missing at least one revaccination, carried out once a year, to do only one re-vaccination. If 2 scheduled revaccinations are missed, it is necessary to re-take a course of vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis. In order to form stable immunity, 2 vaccinations with an interval of 1 month are enough. V this option the interval can be reduced to 2 weeks.

Long-term immunity is provided by the third vaccination, carried out after 9-12 months, in which case the interval cannot be reduced. The vaccine protects about 95% of vaccinated people. But it must be understood that along with such protection, the adoption of other measures, such as protective equipment and special means, are very important.

Domestic and imported vaccines are equally effective for the prevention of tick-borne encephalitis, Western European strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus used for the production of imported vaccines and Eastern European strains for the domestic vaccine are similar in antigenic structure. According to the observations of experts, imported products have no contraindications and adverse reactions.

Immunoprophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis is not included in the vaccination calendar. To vaccinate a baby or not, parents must decide for themselves. In order to appreciate the value of vaccination, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with general information about the disease, as well as learn about possible side effects of the vaccine. What is encephalitis?

Tick-borne encephalitis in children is a disease of an infectious nature that occurs as a result of a tick bite and affects the nervous system. The carrier of the virus can be any kind of tick infected with arbovirus. You can become infected by drinking raw milk from sheep, cows, goats that have been bitten by a tick.

The first signs of the disease are similar to a cold and begin to develop a few weeks after infection. Further, the following symptoms may join them:

lethargy, hallucinations, impaired consciousness;
fever 38 - 40C;
severe headache;
myalgia;
vomiting, nausea.

The disease is difficult to treat, involves a long rehabilitation, and in severe cases threatens the baby with cerebral palsy, meningitis or death. In addition, the consequences of the disease can be disability, mental retardation, impaired vision, hearing.

Why vaccinate children against tick-borne encephalitis?

Immunization against tick-borne encephalitis - a measure specific prevention diseases with a number of advantages:

protects the baby from serious illness and its consequences. In the spring and summer period, the child can safely be on fresh air, walk in the forest without being afraid of a tick bite;
even if a tick bites a child, he will either not become infected at all or will suffer a mild illness, without complications;
protects the child from tick-borne encephalitis for 3 years.

The disadvantages of vaccination include some side effects, but, according to statistics, serious post-vaccination complications practically do not occur.

Who needs to be vaccinated

Vaccination can be done at the request of the parents of a child living in a region with heightened danger in terms of infection.

Contraindications to vaccination

Some diseases and conditions are contraindications to immunization. Therefore, before vaccination, the child must undergo a thorough diagnosis (blood, urine and other examinations) and a doctor's examination. If chronic illnesses are detected, the vaccination is not carried out if acute illnesses- Vaccination is postponed until full recovery. The main contraindications include:

sensitivity to vaccine components;
progressive acute and chronic diseases;
fever;
recent (less than 2 months) immunization;
endocrine disorders;
allergy to milk and eggs;
kidney and liver diseases;
immunodeficiency.

Properties of vaccines

The vaccine contains a killed virus. After its introduction, the immune system recognizes the agent and begins to fight it. The specific immunoglobulins produced by it block the development of the disease. Complete protection from the disease is produced 2-3 weeks after the second revaccination, so vaccination should be planned no later than a month before the start of the tick season.

Names of drugs and vaccination schedules

Several vaccines are allowed for use in Russia. Terms of vaccination and revaccination different drugs different, but the means are interchangeable. Vaccination can be carried out according to two schemes: accelerated and conventional. The vaccine is injected into the upper arm. The table below shows the names of vaccines, at what age they are allowed for children and the timing when the first and second vaccinations should be given.

Vaccination schedules

Cultural concentrated inactivated dry purified anti-encephalitis vaccine (Russia)	Over 3 years old	Appointment date	According to the standard scheme after 5 - 7 months. on a fast track after 2 months.
FSME-IMMUNE Junior (Russia)	1 to 16 years old	Appointment date	According to the standard scheme after 1 - 3 months. fast track in 14 days	According to both schemes, after 9-12 months.
Enzepur for children (Germany)	1 to 11 years old	Appointment date	According to the standard scheme after 1 - 3 months. fast track in 7 days	According to the standard scheme, after 9 - 12 months. Fast track after 21 days

Strong immunity is formed after two revaccinations. Long-term immunity is provided by the third revaccination.

Subsequent revaccination is repeated every 3 years. If 1 scheduled revaccination per year is missed, one vaccination is given. If 2 revaccinations are missed, the vaccination plan is repeated from the beginning.

The vaccine can be administered urgently, no later than 4 days from the moment of the tick bite. For emergency prevention use a preparation containing human antiencephalitis immunoglobulin. This agent is also administered if there is no time for an accelerated vaccination schedule. After administration of the drug, the duration of action specific immunity is 1 month.

Side effects and consequences of vaccination

In the first 3-4 days after vaccination, the baby may experience the following phenomena:

swelling, redness, induration, slight soreness at the injection site;
skin rash, mild rhinitis, sneezing;
slight hyperthermia, malaise;
lymphadenopathy;
muscle aches;
sleep and appetite disturbance;
diarrhea, vomiting, nausea.

Such conditions do not require specific treatment. At allergic manifestations you can give the baby antihistamines. The injection site does not need to be treated and lubricated.

In case of non-compliance with the scheme, vaccination rules, sanitary and hygienic standards for vaccinating and neglecting contraindications, complications may develop:

violation of cardiovascular activity;
angioedema;
joint pathology;
convulsions in a child.

Undesirable effects of vaccination are very rare.

doctor pays attention

The injection site can be wetted. After vaccination, you can swim and walk.
Despite the presence of specific prevention, do not neglect other methods of protection against ticks (closed clothing, sprays and ointments from ticks) when walking in the forest.
Children under 1 year of age should not be vaccinated.

After being introduced into medical practice vaccines, the incidence of encephalitis after tick bites decreased by 90%. The vaccine is effective in 95% of cases and is the most reliable protection from illness.

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Tick-borne encephalitis develops after a tick bite and leads to damage nervous system, and people have complications varying degrees gravity. Only vaccination can protect against this disease. Consider when it is necessary to be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis in order to develop immunity.

The effect of the vaccine

The vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis, when it enters the human body, contributes to the production of antibodies to this disease. In the case of a tick bite, antibodies destroy the virus, and the person remains completely healthy or suffers a mild illness.

Important! To be immune to tick-borne encephalitis, you need to take a course of vaccination, which consists of three shots.

It is worth noting that vaccination against this disease is indicated only for nature conservation workers, people who live in an area with a high prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis or people who plan to travel there.

When to get vaccinated against encephalitis? Adults and children from 12 months of age can be vaccinated. In order for the vaccine to work before a possible infection from a tick bite, at least 14 days must pass after the second injection. Moreover, you can start the vaccination course, regardless of the season, all year round.

Do not neglect vaccination precautions. You can not be vaccinated using an imported vaccine earlier than two weeks after the illness, and earlier than a month - when using a domestic vaccine.

Important! An expired or incorrectly stored vaccine can be harmful to human health!

Where to get vaccinated against encephalitis? If you decide to protect yourself from this terrible disease, you need to go to the hospital at the place of residence to the local therapist. He must issue a permit for vaccination. An examination by a therapist is required on the day of vaccination, because feeling unwell a person may be a reason to ban vaccination. It is necessary to vaccinate only in health facilities that have a license for this type of activity.

Vaccination scheme

Vaccination is carried out using two types of vaccine: domestic and imported. Moreover, they are interchangeable, the similarity of their structure is 85%. The effectiveness of both of these types has been proven by numerous studies, the difference is only in fewer contraindications and side effects when using an imported vaccine. Positive reviews Imported encephalitis vaccines are more common because they are easier to tolerate.

Important! When choosing a vaccine, you need to pay attention to the age at which it can be used.

The vaccination schedule can be of two types:

Standard. Assumes the introduction of three doses. It is better to start at least two months before the “tick season”. After the first injection, the second is done in the period from 1 to 3 months, the third - 9-12 months after the second. Domestic vaccines are administered at intervals of 7 months after the first vaccination and a year after the second vaccination.
Emergency scheme. Unlike the previous scheme, in this case, immunity is developed after 21-28 days. The course consists of two injections. The second vaccination is done two weeks after the first when using the imported EnceVir vaccine. Encepur or FSME-immune preparations are also suitable for emergency vaccination.

Revaccination is required every three years. The exception is people who travel seasonally to areas where the risk of infection is very high. For such a group of persons, an annual revaccination is carried out. Patients are given a single standard dose of the drug. If revaccination has not been carried out within 6 years, then the vaccination course is carried out again, since a person loses immunity to tick-borne encephalitis.

When not to vaccinate

The encephalitis vaccine has some side effects:

itching and redness in the injection area;
rash all over body;
fever;
headache;
loss of appetite;
sleep disorder.

This is a short-term reaction of the body to the vaccine, which passes within five days. The imported vaccine is better tolerated, the risk of allergies is minimal. Any chronic disease is a contraindication to vaccination against encephalitis. A month should pass after the illness.

You can't get vaccinated:

with any manifestations of SARS;
with individual intolerance;
if less than two months have passed since the last vaccination;
with pathologies of the kidneys or liver, endocrine diseases;
with immunodeficiency;
pregnancy;
with allergies to chicken meat and eggs.

You can protect yourself from such a terrible disease as tick-borne encephalitis if you follow all the rules and deadlines for vaccination. Do not forget about repellant preparations, which additionally protect against tick bites.

Of all neuroinfections, often leading to disability or death, tick-borne encephalitis is the most dangerous. The disease develops due to human infection with a virus transmitted by ixodid ticks. The problem of infection of people living in endemic areas remains relevant today. Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is a specific, most reliable type of disease prevention. It is recommended to do it to all residents of regions with a high probability of infection and people planning a trip to these areas.

Spring and summer is the time when ticks are most active. The latent period in infected people averages 12 days, but can be delayed up to a month. initial symptoms pathologies are hyperthermia, chills, flushing of the face, migraine-like headache, nausea, myalgia, vomiting.

If you do not get vaccinated in time, then when infected with tick-borne encephalitis, regardless of the correctness of the treatment, complications may develop. These include paralysis, decreased intelligence, voice change, strabismus, prolonged asthenia, the addition of a secondary infection, the development of epilepsy, etc. Complications are observed in 30-80%, and death in 2-20% of patients.

For a long time, doctors have been looking for ways to protect against the tick-borne encephalitis virus, while they made the vaccine not only effective, but also reduced the number of side effects to almost zero. In addition, vaccinations are completely safe and have virtually no contraindications. Before setting them up, the specialist decides whether you should do it or not as a result of incompatibility.

In a timely vaccinated person, the disease usually goes away in a mild form and without any complications. The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is made according to the scheme approved by the Ministry of Health. Vaccinations can be carried out by a variety of Austrian, Russian and German means. They do not contain formaldehyde, preservatives and antibiotics. Almost all vaccines are allowed to be given to children.

Contraindications to vaccination against encephalitis

Before vaccinating, all contraindications must be taken into account. Foreign drugs should not be administered to children under one year old, with allergies to egg white and spicy infectious disease. When vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is carried out by domestic means, then there are more contraindications:

tuberculosis;
food allergies, especially to eggs and chicken meat, an allergic reaction to medications (protamine sulfate, gentamicin);
rheumatism;
systemic blood diseases and other diseases of the circulatory system;
hormonal disorders (diabetes);
epileptic seizures;
cardiovascular insufficiency, heart attack;
pregnancy;
bronchial asthma;
transferred viral hepatitis or meningococcal infection(you can inject six months after a complete cure);
malignant tumor;
sharp infectious pathologies(vaccination can be done a month after recovery);
children up to a year;
diseases of the liver and kidneys.

It is also contraindicated to do any vaccination when there was an anaphylactic reaction to its previous setting. Breastfeeding women may be vaccinated if the expected benefit outweighs possible danger for kids. Some people develop a fever after immunization. This side effect of vaccination usually resolves on its own within 2 days. According to statistics, after the start of vaccination of the population, the prevalence of the disease decreased by 90%.

Indications for vaccination against encephalitis

Vaccination against encephalitis is indicated for people living or traveling in the spring and summer to endemic regions with a forest landscape and a humid climate. When a person works in the military, farmer, in the environmental field or in logging, in regions where ticks are found, then vaccination is mandatory. It also needs to be done by people who are fond of hunting and hiking.

It is recommended that the immunization process be completed more than a month before the anticipated tick season or departure to an endemic area. When a person has no contraindications to vaccination, he can become a donor after vaccination to receive a special immunoglobulin.

Side effects from vaccination

Side effects after immunization most often occur in people with mild allergies to latex and eggs, autoimmune and neurological pathologies. At the injection site, hyperemia, rashes, induration, soreness, itching, swelling and swollen lymph nodes may occur.

Common side effects include:

headache;
hyperthermia;
violation of appetite and sleep (more often in children);
tachycardia;
joint pain, myalgia, convulsions;
diarrhea, nausea and vomiting;
general malaise, fatigue.

When vaccination is given modern forms drugs, side effects practically do not develop. But even if they appear, they quickly disappear on their own. Studies have shown that the vaccine is quite safe for the human body. The most common adverse reaction (in 45% of cases) is hyperemia and soreness in the injection area.

Before doing mass immunization, a careful assessment of the number of infections in each individual region should be carried out. It is necessary to solve the issue of vaccination when the incidence in the area is from 5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. With a lower infection rate, it is pointless to vaccinate. It is also ineffective after a tick bite. In this case with preventive purpose injected with a specific immunoglobulin.

Preventive vaccination schedule

The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is administered so that the immune system, in the event of infection, can recognize the infectious agent and fight back. After vaccination, antibodies (immunoglobulins) are formed in the human body, which, when they encounter a virus, are taken to eliminate it.

In our country, 2 vaccines are most often used: Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine and Tick-E-Vac. These home-made products include an inactivated virus. They are not able to provoke the development of the disease, but after the injection, antibodies are produced to the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis. Also, for immunization against encephalitis, EnceVir, Encepur, Fsme-immun Encepur, etc. are used.

There are 2 vaccination schemes: two- and three-component. Both of them contribute to the production of the required amount of antibodies to the virus, but they have different duration maintaining their concentration at the desired level.

The first injection of the vaccine according to the instructions should be carried out 2 months before the start of the "activation" of ticks. The two-stage vaccination scheme is performed in this way: the first dose of the drug is administered around April, and the second in the future after 1-6 months. Revaccination is carried out after 12 months, and in the future every 5-7 years.

The injection is made into the upper third of the shoulder intramuscularly. Its effectiveness is reduced if a person suffers from an immunodeficiency state (pathologies immune system, HIV, AIDS, taking immunosuppressants).

According to the three-component schedule, immunization after the first injection is carried out after 2 months and then six months after the second. Immunity is developed after the second injection of the vaccine. V childhood according to the instructions (from 3 to 15 years), the dosage of the drug is reduced by 2 times from the adult dose. The vaccine can be given together with other vaccines.

On average, the cost of one dose of a domestically produced vaccine fluctuates around 500 rubles, and for foreign analogues - 1,300 rubles. This is the price of one injection, but you need 2 or 3 doses per course. Regardless of the difference in cost, the effectiveness of these vaccines is about the same.

One of the severe and complex neuroinfectious diseases is tick-borne encephalitis. The risk group includes people of any age and gender. Urban residents can easily become infected, as insects spread through lawns and trees in alleys during the period of activity. And if you like to walk in the woods or plan to spend a vacation by the river, then it will be difficult to defend yourself. The tick-borne encephalitis vaccine is considered effective method prevention and protection. But it must be done according to a certain scheme. We will discuss more about vaccination against encephalitis, when to inject and much more with our readers.

Prevention of tick-borne disease

Viruses enter the bloodstream from a blood-sucking insect - a tick. He is just a carrier of the virus; infection does not affect the life of the insect. The consequences of the disease in 80% of cases lead to disability, in 10% to death, and only 10% carry the infection without consequences. Until 2010, encephalitis mites in Russia were found only in forest belts and fields.

At the end of 2015, 85% of those infected lived in the urban area and did not go out into the countryside. Every 10th tick is a carrier of the disease.

It is possible to determine which insect has bitten the patient only after analysis, which is performed for a fee and costs from 500 r. The results will be ready in 3 days, during which time the encephalitis will have time to move from initial form into persistent disease.

There are several ways to prevent:

Light - protection with tight clothing and repellents (sprays, ointments, tonics). They process all open parts of the body before a walk;
A special measure of protection is vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis. It is mandatory for people living in high-risk regions or going there on a business trip or vacation.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is the most reliable and effective method of protecting and preventing people. Treatment and special clothing can only protect for a while and will not help with an insect bite. Therefore, people with the most modern protective equipment need to be vaccinated.

Effectiveness of vaccination

Insects are most active from the beginning of May to the end of June, but it is necessary to vaccinate earlier. The virus, getting into the blood, does not immediately manifest itself aggressively. Time needs to pass. The incubation period can be up to two weeks.

When infected, the patient may experience the following symptoms:

redness skin face, neck;
acute headaches;
elevated temperature (38–40°);
nausea;
chills or vice versa sudden attacks heat;
pulling muscle pain in the shoulder, cervical and thoracic regions;
aching pains in the joints and muscles in the upper and lower extremities.

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is performed with an inactive form of the virus. The side effects of the vaccine are minimal, so it is safe. Contraindications may be chronic diseases of the heart, lungs, oncology, severe diabetes, pregnancy.

After prevention, a person can become infected, but antibodies are already present in the body, so the disease proceeds almost imperceptibly and without complications. You need to be vaccinated at any age according to the scheme, which is approved by the Ministry of Education. In high-risk regions, the injection is included in the vaccination schedule.

From tick-borne encephalitis in our clinics, children and adults are given domestic and imported vaccines. In connection with the sanctions at the end of 2015, it is more difficult to buy an imported vaccine. The action of domestic and imported vaccines is not much different. It's just that our population is prone to the opinion that imported drugs are safer to use. The regional Ministry of Health proposes to make the procedure available with vaccines.

The most popular drugs for children and adults and their side effects, presented in the form of a table:

Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis	Manufacturer	Development of immunity,%	Side effects
Inactivated purified dry culture	Russia PIPVE im. M.P. Chumakov RAMS"	80	Children from 3 years old. Temperature, temporary inflammation lymph nodes, headache, contraindicated in chronic diseases and pregnancy.
Encevir	Russia Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Microgen	90	Can be used by adults over 18 years of age. Malaise, headache, allergies, pulling muscle pains.
FSME-Immun Inject - Junior	Australia	98–100	Can be used for children from 6 months to 6 years. Iridocyclitis and sclerosis.
Encepur	Germany	99	Children from 1 year. No side effects were observed.

Before vaccination, the doctor must take tests for individual intolerance in the patient. Only after the results, you can vaccinate. Instructions are attached to each of the drugs, where the scheme for when to inject is clearly described.

Tick-borne encephalitis vaccination schedule

When to administer the vaccine depends on the regimen chosen. There are two ways to vaccinate against an encephalitis tick:

standard;
fast track.

Consider the standard scheme for the use of various vaccines, when you can put the drug slowly:

Purified dry tick-borne encephalitis vaccine - 1 injection at any time, 2 after 6-7 months.
Encevir - the first on any day, the second is placed after 5-6 months.
Encepur - the first at any time, the second after 4-8 weeks.
FSME-Immun Inject - Junior - 1st any day, 2 in 4-12 weeks.

An accelerated schedule for the use of vaccinations when it is necessary to administer the injection quickly. The first injection scheme differs little from the traditional one. The second vaccination can be done with a shorter interval of time:

Cleaned dry - the second in 2 months.
Encevir - the second in 2 weeks.
Encepur - the second after 1 week, the third is placed after 21 days.
FSME-Immun Inject - Junior - 2 weeks.

The first vaccination against encephalitis in Russia is given in winter or spring, the second according to the scheme. After 12 months, you can do revaccination. Then it is worth vaccinating every 3 years. If in December - January the vaccination against encephalitis was not done, then an accelerated scheme is selected when the gap between the first and second injections is small. If one revaccination is missed, then you will have to get vaccinated first.

For more information about the disease and vaccination against it, you can find out on the video:

In Russian clinics, inexpensive domestic drugs are mainly presented. You need to buy imported vaccine yourself. And when to vaccinate depends on your desire.

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The calendar of mandatory vaccinations has existed in almost all countries for a long time. These vaccines are given to everyone, except for people with medical contraindications. But in addition to mandatory vaccinations, there are vaccines that are administered only at the request of a person.

The tick vaccine is one of those. She was not included in the mandatory vaccination calendar, the injection is not given to all patients in a row. But some people really need protection and they need to know everything about encephalitis vaccinations.

There are many types of vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis. All of them differ both in composition and in cost for the patient. It is better to choose in advance which vaccine to give preference. If you want to get vaccinated for free, then just visit the clinic. But in this case, the procedure will be performed free of charge domestic vaccine or even cheaper. It is not possible to choose what exactly to inoculate.

But for people who want to get tick vaccinations at their own expense, there is a rich selection of a wide variety of vaccines. These patients should be familiar with different options before making the final choice.

So, what vaccines exist now:

European vaccines. These are German and Austrian drugs: FSME-Immun, Encepur. Besides these two trade names there are also options for preventing the disease in children. They are more expensive than Russian ones, but their advantages are that after vaccination, any complications and side effects develop much less often, and children's options can be used from the first year of life. Therefore, if the patient is not embarrassed by the high price, it is better for him to choose this option.

If the patient hesitates, then he needs to know that the choice of vaccine must be entirely based on an individual approach. A person needs to know how he generally tolerates vaccines.

It is better to vaccinate young children mainly with foreign drugs. Of course, the cost of vaccination will be higher, but the child will do without unnecessary negative effects for health.

How long does the vaccine last

There are two options for protection against the disease: a preventive vaccine and the introduction of ready-made immunoglobulin. Immunoglobulin is a substance that protects us from disease. It is administered to those who have already suffered from. Immunity from such a drug does not last for a long time, as a rule, this period is less than a month. Side effects from this type of administration develop much more, and they appear much more often.

The preventive vaccine remains effective much longer. As a rule, immunity remains with the patient for a period of about three years, after which it becomes necessary to vaccinate again.

Therefore, if you live in an area where tick-borne encephalitis is common, or if your plans for the summer include traveling to such an area, you should get vaccinated shortly before you are likely to be exposed to a tick or travel to an area where they are found. Most often, the scheme involves two vaccinations: in autumn and winter. This allows you to develop strong immunity.

Tick bite vaccinations can be given in advance, but it is best to adjust the time so that immunity has already developed by the time of the trip.

Contraindications

There are enough impressive list contraindications. The patient needs to carefully study it and monitor the state of his health, making sure that he does not fall under any of the points:

Tick injections are not given if the previous vaccination caused a strong reaction or any health problems for the patient.
Vaccination occurs with a live pathogen that is weakened. Therefore, any diseases that have a decrease in the level of immunity (especially a sharp one) are a contraindication for administration. For example, they include the common cold.
As a result, any acute infectious diseases or chronic diseases in the acute stage are also absolute contraindication. Vaccination in this condition is best postponed until health improves.
Pregnancy is also a contraindication. There is no information how, although weakened, but still a living pathogen can behave in the body of a pregnant woman. It is not known how it will affect the health of the unborn child. Often a woman's immunity can be weakened during pregnancy, which creates additional problems with vaccination.
Some vaccines also have an indication that the drug is contraindicated in people who have allergic reactions to chicken protein. But not all vaccines contain this protein. The patient needs to carefully study the composition of what he will be injected with. This composition is written in the annotation that goes with each vaccine.
Little patients. Children should also be protected while the ticks are spreading. Most often, vaccination is allowed for a 4-year-old baby, but certain childhood vaccine options are allowed for use from 3 years old, and some even from 1 year of age.
Liver and kidney disorders. This is especially true for severe renal and hepatic insufficiencies, chronic diseases or acute stages such diseases. In this case, it is best to make every effort to minimize possible contact with ticks by applying precautions.

You need to know contraindications for vaccines before you get vaccinated. They can play a serious role if the body does not respond well to the administration of the drug.

When to get vaccinated

For people who want to know exactly how and when to administer the tick vaccine, there is information on the procedure chart. The vaccination itself is carried out either free of charge according to indications in the clinic, or without indications in private clinics. In any case, if you have any questions about how to get a vaccine, then you need to ask your doctor who will explain all the details of the process.

So, how many times to be vaccinated, what schemes exist and when the procedures take place:

Vaccination is carried out twice. This is necessary so that the immune system becomes as strong as possible and manifests itself in time. The very first vaccination is given in the fall, so that the spring-summer period passes without any epidemics. The second vaccination should be in winter, one month after the first injection. As a result, the strongest protection against encephalitis is formed. But if for some reason it is not possible to get vaccinated in a month, then this period can be extended to two to three months. The immunity that will be developed as a result of such vaccination will be enough for the whole season.
Revaccination is provided after 9 months or one year after the first vaccination. After revaccination, immunity lasts for about three years.
If immunity is required on an emergency basis, the period that must elapse between the first and second vaccine can be reduced to two weeks.
Vaccination schedules may vary: for example, there is an option in which the second vaccination is given after 2 weeks, and the third - 3 months after the second. But the disadvantage of this scheme is that such a vaccination must be repeated annually, since immunity develops for a shorter time.
After three years, you will have to repeat the vaccination again, but in this case, only one procedure will be enough.

Vaccination schedules always require that the body has time to develop immunity to encephalitis. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the time that passes between vaccines and follow the chosen scheme.

Possible complications after vaccination

As a rule, any of the approved vaccines is well tolerated by the patient if their storage and use was correct. Of course, the vaccine must be of appropriate quality.

Tick vaccination usually does not cause severe reactions or complications, it is well tolerated regardless of which manufacturer was chosen. What complications can occur after the procedure:

Small problems with local reactions: redness or infiltration. All this should not disturb the patient, it will disappear on its own in about 5 days after the injection. Local reactions also include allergic rashes or other skin allergic problems.
Almost all types of immunization can develop such general reaction as the temperature rises. It won't be that big, just a degree or a half. It does not manifest itself in everyone, but if it has arisen, then there is no need to bring down such a temperature.
Swelling, headaches, or fatigue may also occur. Such symptoms require a doctor's consultation, as this means that a viral infection has appeared in the body.
If the vaccine is incorrectly administered, stored or of poor quality, severe consequences can occur in the form of suppuration of the injection site, convulsions or other serious problems. This does not depend on the level of immunity, the presence or absence of contraindications to vaccination, or the name of the drug. In case of manifestation similar symptoms, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible, explaining to him where, when and with what vaccine the immunization was carried out.

In the case of mild types of ailments, the patient does not need to do anything to get rid of it, the side effects will quickly pass by themselves. However, if they appeared serious violations in the work of the body, you should immediately consult a doctor who can either eliminate these consequences or minimize their effect on the body.

In the case of such a vaccination, it would be much more correct to protect yourself from the disease in advance, even if you have to spend money or survive redness of the skin. But as a result, tick bites will not have fatal consequences for the vaccinated person, which cannot be cured during life. Remember that the most mild form encephalitis disease is always worse than the side effects of vaccinations. Therefore, it is best if you provide protection for yourself and your children in time.