Fast and effective treatments for aphthous stomatitis. Ways to quickly treat aphthous stomatitis Aphthous stomatitis in adults treatment

Aphthous stomatitis is an infectious pathological process, with the development of which occurs inflammatory lesion the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, which, in turn, is accompanied by a violation of its structure and the formation of erosions (aft) on the mucous membrane. Such erosion has the form of oval or round areas, the surface of which is surrounded by a white bloom, and their periphery has a bright red hue.

Aphthous stomatitis in adults is much less common than in children. The formation of erosion in the oral cavity delivers a lot of discomfort to the patient, especially when eating any food. In addition, emerging erosive neoplasms may be accompanied by an increase lymph nodes and in rare cases, an increase in body temperature.

To date, the exact causes of the onset of inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa are not fully understood.

However, many factors have been found that are capable of provoking the development of this pathological process in the human body.

One of these factors is the impact on the human body of various infections and diseases arising against the background of the following pathogens:

staphylococcus;
measles;
diphtheria;
flu;
adenovirus;
herpes virus.

Acute herpetic stomatitis develops in the human body as a result of its infection with a simple herpes virus. Herpetic stomatitis in adults manifests itself in a person only if protective functions his body is in poor condition, which is favorable conditions for the development of the herpes virus.

Acute herpetic stomatitis has the same manifestations as aphthous stomatitis.

In addition, at aphthous stomatitis the reasons may lie in an allergic reaction of the human body to any food or in the long-term use of some medications in particular antibiotics. The presence of various kinds of diseases in a person gastrointestinal tract can contribute to the occurrence.

An important role in the development of aphthous stomatitis is played by the state of the body's immune system, that is, for the formation of erosion in the mouth, favorable conditions must be created. These conditions include:

hypothermia of a constant nature;
vitamin deficiency (lack of any vitamins in the human body);
availability of various dental diseases;
mechanical damage to the oral mucosa.

Dmitry Sidorov
Dentist-orthopedist
In addition, aphthous stomatitis can occur in a person as a result of his genetic predisposition to this disease. The appearance of a genetic predisposition occurs in a person if his mother or father suffered from the same pathology, but not acute, but chronic.
In some cases, aphthous rash in the mouth in women may occur during the menstrual cycle or during pregnancy. However, such a connection has not yet been fully studied and therefore it cannot be stated with full confidence that such a disease can be formed for such reasons.
In the sky. In the language. On the cheek. On the lip.
Varieties of aphthous stomatitis

The development of aphthous stomatitis can occur in two forms: acute or chronic. When acute course inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, erosion are relatively small and pass quickly enough when timely treatment without leaving any traces of its existence. If the disease occurs in a person periodically, then aphthous stomatitis will be chronic.
Chronic inflammation of the oral mucosa is characterized by a sluggish course of pathological processes, the development of which is periodically exacerbated. Symptoms and treatment of oral inflammation will depend entirely on the underlying cause.
In addition to the fact that this disease can proceed in acute and chronic form, aphthous stomatitis, depending on the reasons that caused the development of the inflammatory process in the oral cavity, can be divided into the following types:
necrotizing aphthous stomatitis. This type of pathology is characterized by the accumulation of dead cells of the oral mucosa, which, in turn, are covered in the process of progression of the inflammatory process by the epithelium. The main cause of necrotizing stomatitis is the presence in a person of any pathological processes affecting the blood;
cicatricial stomatitis. It is characterized by the appearance of aft, the surface of which eventually becomes covered with connective tissue. The main factor contributing to the occurrence of this type of pathology is genetic predisposition the human body to the development of stomatitis of various etiologies;
grandular stomatitis. This type of pathological process is characterized by the appearance of small bubbles on the oral mucosa, which eventually transform into ulcerative neoplasms. The grandular form of stomatitis occurs in a person as a result of the presence in his body of any disease that affects the ducts of the small salivary glands or as a result of mechanical injury to the oral mucosa;
deforming stomatitis. Treatment of deforming aphthous stomatitis is extremely difficult, since this type of inflammatory process is rather difficult to treat. Deforming stomatitis is characterized by deep damage to the oral mucosa, and after treatment, scars remain.

Development symptoms and types

Symptoms of aphthous stomatitis are primarily manifested in the form of a violation of blood microcirculation in the epithelium of the oral cavity, as a result of which isolated neoplasms of aphthous origin are formed on its mucous membranes, the surface of which is covered with a white coating. Such erosion in most cases is localized on the mucous membranes of the tongue, lips and cheeks.
In the case of the development of a necrotic form of the pathological process in a person, destruction of the epithelial layer is observed, which is accompanied by the formation of manifestations on the oral mucosa. After this, dystrophic disorders occur in the oral mucosa. At the same time, the formed erosion does not give the patient practically any painful sensations. The healing time of such neoplasms can range from several weeks to 1 month.
In adults, the symptoms of cicatricial aphthous stomatitis appear as lesions of the acini of the small salivary glands and layer connective tissue... Over time, single neoplasms appear in the oral cavity, which can be localized both on the mucous membrane of the anterior palatine arches and in the locations of the salivary glands. Aphthae of cicatricial stomatitis will eventually turn into ulcers enough big size and the healing process of such neoplasms can take up to 12 weeks. In this case, after the ulcers disappear, clearly visible scars or scars will remain in their places.
The grandular form of the pathological process is characterized by the formation of aphthous neoplasms at the locations salivary glands... In this case, the development of aft is accompanied by severe pain. However, this kind of erosion passes quickly enough within 7–25 days.
Deforming aphthous stomatitis is the most severe form inflammation of the oral mucosa and is characterized by the formation of erosions localized on the anterior arches of the palate and in the locations of the salivary glands. Over time, aphthae begin to transform into ulcerative neoplasms enough large sizes and at the same time they are accompanied by severe soreness. The healing of such ulcers occurs over a long period of time.
Disease treatment method

Most often, a disease such as aphthous stomatitis goes away on its own within 10 days, however, if the immune system of the human body for any reason was significantly weakened and at the same time during the course of the pathological process was not corrected using immune therapy, then aphthae on the mucous membrane mouth can take much longer to heal.
Dmitry Sidorov
Dentist-orthopedist
Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults and its technique is selected in a strict individual order for each patient, based on the clinical manifestations of the disease.
How to treat this kind of disease correctly can only be told by the appropriate specialist, so the patient should not self-medicate, but immediately if such a problem arises, consult a doctor.
To treat aphthous stomatitis is primarily necessary by ensuring regular disinfection of the oral cavity. For this, the patient is prescribed the use of special medicinal antiseptic agents. topical application, with which it is necessary to process the affected areas of the oral mucosa. These tools include all kinds of disinfecting solutions for rinsing the mouth.
If necessary, the attending physician can prescribe to the patient the use of antiallergic, analgesic and antipyretic medications.
How to treat aphthous stomatitis in case of it infectious origin? Infectious stomatitis can be treated with appropriate antiviral drugs. In addition, no less effective rapid treatment of the pathological process consists in the use of all kinds of antiseptic oils, which are used to treat the surface of ulcerative neoplasms. One of these oils is sea buckthorn.
As preventive measures used to prevent the occurrence of ulcerative neoplasms in the mouth, doctors recommend adhering to compliance healthy way life and regular oral hygiene.

Aphthous stomatitis is one of the most common dental diseases capable of delivering a lot of painful sensations to the owner. About what it is this disease, and how to cure it, today we'll talk.

What is aphthous stomatitis?

Aphthous stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity characterized by the appearance of ulcers - "aft". Ulcers can be localized separately or in groups, affecting a fairly large area of tissue.

The most common aphthous stomatitis is the anterior part of the mouth and the inner side of the cheeks and lips. This localization of the exposure of these areas is due to mechanical damage- unintentional bites or scratches from food. Much less often, the disease manifests itself in the tongue.

Important:

Aphthae are oval or round erosive areas of the skin, covered with gray or white bloom and surrounded by an inflamed red halo. The size of aft does not exceed one centimeter in diameter.

In some cases, the disease is accompanied by weakness and a slight increase in temperature. On average, the duration of aphthous stomatitis does not exceed 8-10 days.

As a rule, one ulcer is formed, and only in some cases their number can reach up to three. When touching the aphthae, strong pain , which often disrupts the function of eating.

Causes of aphthous stomatitis

On this moment consensus on what provokes this form diseases, doctors do not. However, a number of reagents have been identified that can, to varying degrees, cause stomatitis.

Practice shows that most often aphthous stomatitis manifests itself after weakening of the immune system, including after the postponed viral disease.

Doctors consider the most common precursors of aphthous stomatitis:

herpes;
measles;
staphylococcus l-form;
diphtheria;
flu;
adenovirus.

Besides, this pathology is often a consequence of food or drug allergy. Chronic diseases The gastrointestinal tract also contributes to the formation of aft.

In addition to the main triggers of the disease in the human body, special conditions suitable for the development of the disease, including:

weakened immunity;
avitaminosis;
genetic predisposition;
hypothermia of the body;
diseases of the oral cavity;
trauma to the oral mucosa.

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Classification of aphthous stomatitis

In medicine, aphthous stomatitis is conventionally divided into two types: chronic and acute.

The full name of acute aphthous stomatitis is acute gingivostomatitis. The impetus for its development is often a viral infection of the body.

At the same time, recurrent chronic aphthous stomatitis appears against the background of damage by adenoviruses, staphylococci, allergies and immune diseases... Often, the disease manifests itself in people with chronic problems with the gastrointestinal tract or with a genetic predisposition to this pathology.

In the chronic form, the disease progresses slowly and tends to recur. As a rule, exacerbations occur in autumn-spring period that is due to constant shortage vitamins and weakening of the immune system. Sometimes the clinical manifestations of stomatitis occur after severe stress.

Some women have a chronic form of the disease closely related to menstrual cycle .

Also, doctors classify the disease depending on the nature of tissue damage, this classification looks as follows:

necrotic- often manifests itself in patients with blood pathologies, characterized by an accumulation of dead mucosal cells, subsequently covered with epithelium;
granular- is the result of trauma to the mucous membranes, characterized by the appearance of bubbles, which subsequently degenerate into painful aphthae;
scarring- the ulcers are covered with connective tissue, which dissolves only when intensive treatment;
deforming- the most severe form of the disease, a change in the surface of the gums is characteristic, since after the healing of the ulcers, characteristic noticeable scars remain.

Aphthous stomatitis - video

The actual degree of damage to the mucous membrane and the type of disease can only be determined by a specialist... That's why self-medication in this situation is unacceptable, since incorrect therapy can only aggravate the situation.

How does aphthous stomatitis manifest?

The clinical manifestations of the disease directly depend on its form.

In the acute form of the disease, stomatitis appears suddenly... The patient feels a general malaise and a slight increase in temperature.

Already at the very beginning of the disease, painful sensations in the mouth, which are aggravated by eating or talking. On the mucous membranes, bubbles form, rapidly degenerating into erosion with a gray or white bloom.

Around the ulcers, the mucous membrane becomes inflamed and acquires a loose structure. In this case, a whitish coating forms on the tongue.

As the disease progresses, eating becomes more difficult due to the aggravated pain syndrome. However, in the vast majority of cases duration of illness acute form does not exceed two weeks, during which the oral mucosa returns to its original state. Only in some cases (after a complicated form of the disease) minor scars can remain.

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At chronic course diseases of the mucous membranes swell, acquiring a pale shade. The sores can be located under the tongue, on the inside of the cheeks and lips. Much less often, aphthae are located on the gums and palate.

The diameter of the lesion can reach one centimeter, while the halo swells and becomes red. A little later, plaque forms gray... With extensive necrosis, the aphthae become more inflamed and begin to protrude above the surface.

With this form of the disease the patient's temperature can rise to 39 degrees, and the lymph nodes increase... The patient may feel general malaise and weakness.

Duration chronic form of aphthous stomatitis is about 12-15 days... However, in the absence of proper treatment, the aphthae will begin to deepen, affecting the mucous membrane. At the same time, the sores will begin to bleed and cause their owner even more painful sensations. The risk of infection in this case increases significantly.

After healing, the deepest sores can leave visible scars.

How to properly treat aphthous stomatitis?

For correct treatment disease disease must be correctly diagnosed. This can only be done by a doctor, which is why if any lesions in the oral cavity form, you should immediately consult a specialist. The earlier treatment is started, the greater the effect.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis is always comprehensive. It is important to understand that after disappearing clinical symptoms diseases, it is impossible to stop treatment, since untreated stomatitis can return and acquire chronic form.

Conditionally, the treatment can be divided into four parts.:

local processing of aft;
reception antihistamines;
sanitation of the oral cavity;
increased local immunity.

Let's consider each stage in more detail.

Local treatment of aft consists in antiseptic rinsing and the use of anti-inflammatory gels. The most sought after drugs for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis are:

« Miramistin" (for antiseptic treatment oral cavity);
« Cholisal-gel»(Used at the initial stage of the disease);
« Kamistad», « Trasilol», « Clobetasol
« Benzocaine», « Xikain»(Anti-inflammatory ointment with anesthetic);
« Diphenhydramine»(If the patient is prone to allergies);
« Orasept», « Tantum Verde», « Hexoral» ( antibacterial agents recommended for secondary infection);
« Stomatofit-A»(Anesthetic balm to combat aphthiasis);
« Solcoseryl-gel»(Epithelizing agent, used after the disappearance of ulcers).

At home before going to the doctor rinsing with antiseptic solutions are acceptable: furacilin, peroxide, potassium permanganate, calendula, chamomile.

When treating stomatitis of an allergic nature, doctors prescribe antihistamines.

Due to the deterioration of the immune system, the body can weaken, suffer from different diseases caused by certain infections. One of frequent illnesses oral cavity is considered aphthous stomatitis that is triggered by the herpes virus. The disease is a lesion of the mucous membrane, inflammation in the oral cavity, in an accompanying form, inflammation occurs in the form of bubbles, ulcers, erosions (in dental practice defined as aphthae). The sick person feels severe discomfort while eating. Treatment of this disease is carried out in mandatory, since it may indicate the presence of additional pathologies - helminthic invasion, hormonal imbalance, the occurrence of a malignant neoplasm, gastritis.

Causes of aphthous stomatitis

Herpes lesion is considered to be the root cause of aphthous stomatitis, but this is not the only provoking factor. The risk of developing stomatitis is high if the patient has recently had flu, measles, chickenpox. In addition, dental ailments (carious lesions, pulpitis, inflammation of the gum tissue) can also act as predisposing factors.

Depending on the type of stomatitis, its causes may be different, have their own nature of occurrence:

Due to the appearance of injuries, traumatic.
Due to diseases internal organs digestive systems s, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases.
Due to the appearance infectious diseases, namely for influenza, scarlet fever and measles.
The use of drugs.
Poisoning.
It can also be caused by diseases such as tuberculosis, syphilis, or diseases caused by a fungus.
Stressful situations, worries, nervous state, overwork.
Allergic reactions.
Insufficient amount of vitamin C and group B.

Attention! Very often, aphthous stomatitis manifests itself in pregnant women to the extent of changes in hormonal parameters. For a similar reason, herpes stomatitis can occur in adolescents.

Symptoms of aphthous stomatitis

With this pathology, the patient experiences discomfort and painful sensations in the oral cavity, round white formations appear on the mucous membrane, in the form of ovals of 3-4 mm (aphthae). Their location can be observed, both on the tongue and on the palatine side of the mouth, on the lips, cheeks. When eating food, especially one that has a pronounced taste, spicy, sour, the patient may feel pain, burning and tingling in the place of these formations themselves, also when drinking hot or sour drinks. A patient with aphthous stomatitis may experience fatigue, drowsiness, and general malaise. Also not rare symptom is an increase in body temperature. One of the common signs, as a result of stomatitis, is loss of appetite, while the patient does not receive a certain amount nutrients does not saturate your diet with vitamins. Lymph nodes can become inflamed and painful.

It is important! Aphthous stomatitis can develop into a chronic form, and worsen over several times a year, due to stressful situations, due to allergens provoking the development of an allergic reaction.

How does it manifest in children?

Herpes stomatitis is most often diagnosed in children aged one to five years. It is during this period that the risk of infection of the oral cavity is increased (when studying toys, the child very often takes dirty objects in his mouth). In addition, to the extent of insufficient improvement of the immune system, the body is not able to block the manifestation of infection on its own.

Symptoms childhood disease practically does not differ from the manifestations in an adult, and is characterized by ARVI symptoms in the first place. If the child is too small, then parents should observe the level of salivation, increased irritability, which is accompanied by excessive tearfulness, unpleasant odor from the oral cavity. Lack of appetite is also an inherent symptom. The defeat of the oral mucosa with aphthae begins in children from the corners, and after a while - throughout the oral cavity.

Factors that predispose to the development of pathology:

the presence of bad habits;
inadequate oral hygiene or an excessively high level of hygiene;
long-term use of a dental product containing lauryl sulfate;
regular stressful situations;
damage to the oral mucosa with any cutlery;
taking medications, in the side effects indicated suppression of salivation;
inappropriate nutrition, in which there is not enough folic acid, iron and zinc.

Reference! The main risk group is made up of patients with weakened immunity. If, during the activation of the disease, the immune system is not strengthened, then stomatitis becomes chronic with periodic relapses.

Aphthous stomatitis has its own varieties, depending on its type, they are divided into four groups, which type of patient can be determined only by a dentist, therefore, this will require a direct visit dental office... Privately, the dentist can take a smear test for the infectious agent.

Varieties of the disease

Type of ailment	Short description
Necrotic	Aphtha is formed, characterized by an accumulation of dead cells covered with epithelium. The risk group includes people with pathologies with blood
Granular	Pathology develops against the background of trauma. Initially, the mucous membrane is affected by bubbles, which eventually turn into ulcerative formations
Scarring	A scarring process occurs, which is characterized by the coverage of aft with connective tissue. Under influence intensive care regeneration occurs, as a result of which abnormal tissue formation is absorbed
Deforming	Definitely one of the most difficult forms of aphthous stomatitis. Newly formed aphthiasis so affect the mucous, gingival tissue that after the end of the disease they leave scars

When eliminating the ailment, individual care is required, sometimes the doctor can prescribe antiseptics or antibacterial drugs that relieve the inflammatory process. Decoctions are also prescribed from medicinal herbs, medical supplies intended for rinsing. There are cases in which it is considered necessary to use antibiotics selected by a specialist doctor, drugs that relieve fever, antibacterial agents. At the same time, it is advisable to exclude sour food (tomatoes, apples and citrus fruits) at the time of treatment.

Approximate therapy regimen:

Miramistin... Used as antiseptic to normalize microflora and eliminate viral herpes.
Kholisas-Gel... After rinsing, the product is applied to a dry area. The manipulation is carried out at least four times a day.
Clobetasol or Kamistad... These are agents with anesthetic effect that have an anti-inflammatory effect.
Benzocaine or Xikain... Drugs that are characterized by anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It is very important to adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen, since the danger is high side effect with prolonged use of these drugs.
Hexoral, Orasept... They are used in case of secondary infection as antibacterial drugs.
Balsam Stomatofit-A. Excellent remedy for the fight against aphthae based on medicinal herbs. Recommended for spot application. At the same time, the balm is able to relieve pain and inflammation.
Solcoseryl-gel... Doctors prescribe it as a final therapy that can heal the mucous membrane, since the agent has epithelial characteristics. Therefore, the mucous membrane can be restored in as soon as possible after suffering an illness.

This is dangerous! It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate, therefore the above treatment regimen is approximate. Precise treatment the specialist appoints only on an individual basis, depending on the type and degree of damage to the disease.

You can learn about the treatment of aphthous stomatitis from the video.

Video -

Prevention

Use vitamins of certain groups to restore and improve the body's immune system (immunomodulators, immunostimulants).
Be sure to monitor oral hygiene.
Avoid stressful situations.
Have balanced diet, enrich your diet with fruits, vegetables, cereals and dairy products.

General information

- an inflammatory process of the oral mucosa, accompanied by a violation of the surface layer of the mucous membrane and the formation of aft (erosions). The formation of aft is accompanied by sharp soreness, burning sensation in the mouth, especially while eating, swollen lymph nodes, and sometimes fever. Aphthae heal without a trace after 7-10 days. With a weakened immune system and the presence concomitant diseases aphthous stomatitis can recur with relapses.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease oral mucosa. Characteristic clinical manifestation such stomatitis is the appearance of aft with a whitish-yellow fibrous plaque against the background of general hyperemia of the mucous membrane. The disease is sluggish in nature with periodic remissions and exacerbations.

Causes and mechanism of development of aphthous stomatitis

The pathogenesis of aphthous formation in chronic aphthous stomatitis is not fully understood, however, in all patients, there is a strong connection between the progression of the disease and the response of the immune system. Today, the generally accepted theory of the formation of aft on the oral mucosa is the theory that the human immune system cannot identify the molecules of a substance present in saliva. This causes the activation of lymphocytes, since the immune system, not recognizing the chemical agent, attacks it as a foreign one. As a result, aphthous ulcers; defective immune system and constant presence chemical substances promotes the chronicity of the process and aphthous stomatitis takes a long, sluggish course.

Patients who use oral care products containing sodium lauryl sulfate are more likely to be diagnosed with aphthous stomatitis. Likely cause the foaming component sodium lauryl sulfate is considered, which has a drying effect, which can adversely affect the oral mucosa. And later, if the upper layer of the mucous membrane is damaged, the lower layers become more sensitive to irritants, especially to substances with high acidity.

The relationship between the occurrence of aphthous stomatitis and oral care products containing sodium lauryl sulfate is confirmed by the results of the study, when patients suffering from chronic aphthous stomatitis for a long time began to use other toothpastes, noted that the manifestations either subside significantly or complete clinical recovery occurs. ... With long-term ulcers, no recovery was observed, however, in 81% of cases, their pain decreased.

Mechanical damage to the oral cavity is also a provoking factor, since the patients themselves note a link between trauma to the oral cavity and the onset of the disease. Chronic aphthous stomatitis can begin after biting the tissues of the oral cavity, after damage to the mucous membrane with a sharp edge of a tooth or solid food. Approximately 40% of patients with chronic aphthous stomatitis confirm the presence of injury before the onset of the disease.

Neuropsychiatric stress alone rarely causes chronic aphthous stomatitis, but the appearance of aphthous stomatitis during exacerbations often coincides with periods of increased psychological stress. Most patients with chronic aphthous stomatitis have various eating disorders and nutritional deficiencies. Lack of vitamin C, B vitamins, iron, zinc, folic acid and selenium negatively affects the state of the oral mucosa, which contributes to the occurrence of aphthae.

Allergic reaction to foodstuffs can cause an outbreak of aphthous stomatitis, therefore, patients are advised to keep a diary, so that in the future it will be easier to find out the allergen that caused the aphthae. Among the foods that are the most likely allergens, cereals with a high content of gluten protein are noted: wheat, rye, barley, buckwheat. Citrus fruits, pineapples, apples, tomatoes, figs, strawberries, chocolate, seafood, spices, as well as milk cheeses and nutritional supplements are the main causes of the appearance of aphthous rashes in the oral cavity.

In women, the frequency of rashes is associated with the menstrual cycle, many of them observe clinical recovery or remission during pregnancy. However, the relationship between pregnancy and remission of aphthous stomatitis has not yet been studied.

The genetic predisposition in the development of aphthous stomatitis is confirmed by the facts that in a third of the patients one or both parents also suffered from chronic aphthous stomatitis. Identical twins in 91% of cases suffer from aphthous stomatitis, while fraternal twins only in 57% - this also confirms the genetic cause of chronic aphthous stomatitis. Bacterial and viral agents have been identified in the content of aft.

Often with full examination in patients with aphthous stomatitis, systemic diseases blood, gastrointestinal tract and immunodeficiencies. The connection between them and the formation of aft is confirmed by the fact that after the correction of the underlying disease, clinical recovery from aphthous stomatitis or persistent remission occurs. Long-term intake non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs as side effects causes the development of chronic aphthous stomatitis.

Symptoms of aphthous stomatitis

With the fibrinous form of aphthous stomatitis, primary disorders of blood microcirculation in the epithelial layer come first. As a result of these changes, single aphthous rashes appear, covered with fibrous plaque. After 1-2 weeks, the aphthae are epithelized. Rashes are localized mainly on the mucous membrane of the lips, the lateral surfaces of the tongue and in the area of transitional folds. At the first stage of the disease, relapses are observed 1-3 times a year. As the stomatitis progresses, it becomes permanent. Moreover, if at the beginning relapses are provoked by exacerbations of systemic pathology or trauma to the mucous membrane, then as the progression of minor stress is enough for the appearance of aft.

In the necrotic form of aphthous stomatitis, primary destruction of the epithelium occurs, while ulceration of the oral mucosa causes dystrophic disorders that occur against the background of necrosis and necrobiosis of epithelial tissue. Necrotizing aphthous stomatitis is diagnosed in persons with severe somatic diseases and blood diseases. The appeared aphthae are practically painless, over time they turn into ulcers, the epithelialization period of which is from 2 weeks to a month.

Grandular aphthous stomatitis develops due to a primary lesion of the ducts of the small salivary glands. This causes hypofunction of the glands and provokes the appearance of aft, which are localized near the salivary glands. Aphthae are painful and epithelialized after 1-3 weeks, hypothermia, respiratory diseases and exacerbation in foci of chronic infection can provoke their further appearance.

With cicatricial aphthous stomatitis, the acini of the small salivary glands are affected, in pathological process a layer of connective tissue is involved, over time, elements of rashes are observed both in the location of the salivary glands, and on the mucous membrane of the pharynx and anterior palatine arches. Mostly people suffer young age... The primary element is aphthae, but they quickly transform into deep painful ulcers, reaching one and a half centimeters in diameter. Cicatricial stomatitis is not associated with somatic diseases, and genetic insufficiency of the secretory apparatus lies in the pathogenesis. The process of epithelialization of ulcers is long, up to 3 months, after healing there are clearly visible scars.

The deforming form of aphthous stomatitis is considered the most severe, since the destructive changes in the connective tissue are deep, and the ulcers are persistent. Ulcers epithelize slowly, the healing process leads to deformation soft palate, anterior palatine arches and lips. If the ulcers are located in the corners of the mouth, then a microstomy may form during healing.

Diagnosis of aphthous stomatitis

Dentist diagnoses chronic aphthous stomatitis based on clinical picture and interviewing the patient, sometimes resorting to laboratory diagnostics... Differentiation should be carried out with recurrent herpetic stomatitis, ulcerative necrotizing stomatitis and ulceration of the oral mucosa with specific lesions and decubital ulcers.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

The goal of treatment is either sustained remission or clinical or full recovery... Complex treatment measures includes general and local therapy, the choice of drugs depends on the severity and dominance of individual symptoms.

Local treatment consists of treating the oral cavity with hydrogen peroxide, nitrofural and chlorhexidine. If there is pain syndrome, then aphthae are treated with 5-10% glycerin suspension with lidocaine or novocaine. If there is an allergic component in the pathogenesis of stomatitis, then a mixture containing trasilol, heparin, novocaine and hydrocortisone is used.

During exacerbations, enzymes are used topically - trypsin, chymotrypsin and RNase. Solutions of citral, vitamins C and P, preparations with Kalanchoe and propolis juice accelerate the epithelization process. The use of corticosteroid ointments may interrupt further development aft and speed up the healing process.

Inside, the intake of antihistamines is shown - clemastine, loratadine, fexofenadine; and desensitizing drugs - hifenadine and histamine with immunoglobulin. If sensitization of the organism to a specific microbial agent is detected, then specific desensitization is used. According to indications, appoint antiviral drugs and a herpes vaccine.

All patients are recommended to undergo a course of vitamin therapy with increased content vitamins of groups B and C. Shown are immunomodulators and immunoprotectors. If there are neurological disorders, sedatives and tranquilizers are used. It is recommended to include phonophoresis, electrophoresis and laser therapy in the treatment complex. During treatment and during the period of remission, it is necessary to observe hypoallergenic diet with the exception of rough, traumatic food.

With timely initiation of treatment and adherence to the prescribed regimen, persistent and long-term remission can be achieved, although complete recovery from chronic aphthous stomatitis is extremely rare.

Stomatitis Is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity. The disease is a consequence of a defense reaction on the action of a variety of stimuli. Inflammation of the oral cavity often manifests itself in children, however, at present, such inflammation is also typical for adult patients, since an unfavorable environmental situation affects people's health, as well as a massive deterioration in the function of the immune system.

The causes, symptoms and features of the treatment of stomatitis, as well as what types of this disease are determined by specialists, will be discussed in this article.

What is stomatitis?

Nowadays, this is a common problem among the population. At the same time, many patients who develop stomatitis for the first time, what it is, find out only after going to the doctor. It is important that inflammation of the oral cavity is detected in a timely manner so that adequate treatment is carried out. Therefore, if a person has White spot on inside lips, there is soreness and discomfort, you need to quickly seek the advice of a specialist.

Causes of stomatitis

Wikipedia testifies that often the causes of stomatitis in adults are associated with negative impact a number of bacteria, viruses, pathogens of infectious diseases leading to the appearance mouth ulcers ... Nevertheless, answering the question of what causes this disease, it should be borne in mind that for the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, the presence of additional factors that provoke the development of the disease is necessary. After all, when normal condition health in a person on the oral mucosa bacteria are constantly and do not cause negative processes.

Therefore, determining what causes stomatitis, experts identify a number of reasons:

An unbalanced diet is an irrational diet, in which the body does not enter enough B vitamins , iron , zinc and etc.

Trauma - if an injury of thermal, mechanical, chemical origin occurs in the oral cavity (irritation, burns and blisters, a person has bitten skin from the inside, other damage to the mucous membrane occurred). In particular, the cause of stomatitis is often a cheek bite, a wound left by a sharp fragment of a tooth, a wound from solid food. Most often, such an injury passes without a trace, but sometimes, in the presence of other negative factors, a sore develops.
Ignoring the principles of personal hygiene, consumption of dirty fruits and vegetables, untimely hand washing.
Substandard dentures (incorrectly selected prosthetic material, poorly installed prostheses).
Excessive obsession with dental hygiene, in particular if applied Toothpaste, which includes sodium lauryl sulfate ... Under its influence, salivation decreases, which ultimately leads to dehydration of the oral cavity. Such abuse leads to the fact that the mucous membrane becomes susceptible to the influence of acids, etc.
Taking certain medications - if the person is taking medications that reduce the production of saliva, as well as diuretic pills.
Mouth ulcers often appear if a person is accustomed to constantly smoking, regularly consuming alcohol.
The disease develops after , radiation, application of other methods of treatment of malignant diseases.
The disease occurs against the background associated ailments... If the functions of a certain system are disrupted in the body, the appearance of a sore may be an indication that a person's health is impaired. For example, sometimes it turns out that patients have formed malignant tumors pharynx, neck, nose, etc.
For diseases of the digestive system, infection the appearance of ulcers on the tongue and in the mouth may be noted.
May be due to dehydration after prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, significant blood loss, (long elevated temperature body).
HIV-infected people are at increased risk of developing this disease.
During the period , sores can appear as a result of hormonal surges.
People who get sick often develop aphthous stomatitis.
Those who suffer and, accordingly, use hormones in the inhaler, manifest the candidal type of the disease.
Frequent manifestations are noted with anemia .
The development of the disease is possible after.

Stomatitis in the mouth, classification

Mouth ulcers, causes and treatment are determined, first of all, depending on the causative agent of the disease. There is a certain classification of the disease depending on which pathogen caused the white spots to appear. What stomatitis looks like in the mouth also depends to a certain extent on the pathogen.

Type of disease	Description
Bacterial	It manifests itself as a result of the action staphylococci or streptococci ... With this form of the disease, a purulent rash appears (it is easy to see in the photo), which subsequently quickly opens up. As a result, mouth ulcers and erosion are formed.
Viral	Consequence of defeat by a virus herpes simplex(herpes stomatitis) Epstein-Barr (herpetic stomatitis). Such pathogens provoke the appearance blistering eruptions containing clear liquid... Later, the accession of the secondary bacterial infection... Further, they are opened, and erosion appears. Similar mouth ulcers also appear with. How to treat wounds, the doctor determines, finding out the cause of the development of the disease.
Gribkova(candidal stomatitis)	As a rule, it manifests itself after a course with which the patient is trying to cure other diseases. Fungal stomatitis in the mouth, the photo of which clearly demonstrates dense, appears due to the action that the Candida fungus has. After deleting white bloom in the mouth, on the tonsils, painful erosion is observed.
Ray	The consequence of radiation sickness also develops after chemotherapy. In the patient, erosions appear in the oral cavity, in certain areas the mucous membrane thickens.
Chemical	As a result of burns caused by acid or alkali. Later, scarring and deformation of the mucous membrane occurs.
Erosive	It manifests itself after the transferred diseases and is characterized by the occurrence of erosion.

Also, depending on the concomitant diseases, they allocate syphilitic , streptococcal stomatitis.

Stomatitis symptoms

As a rule, the signs of stomatitis are the same for any of the types of disease described above. Most often, symptoms in adults are mild. There are no signs of degenerate intoxication - high temperature, etc. As a rule, the onset of the disease occurs after the appearance of a slight redness - these are the first signs of the disease. Further, the area near the lesion becomes edematous, it swells, pain and burning appear.

With the bacterial form of the disease, the next day, a round or oval sore with smooth edges appears at the site of the focus, and a red spot is a halo around. In the center of the ulcer there is a thin white film.

In addition, the patient is worried about strong discharge saliva, bleeding gums , noted bad smell from mouth. The pain is constantly disturbing and is so severe that it interferes with normal chewing, moving lips and tongue.

At acute current disease, body temperature rises sharply, may increase lymph node or multiple lymph nodes. Pimples with stomatitis are mainly localized on the inner side of the lips - upper and lower, on the tonsils, in the palate. Acne can also appear on the tongue, underneath.

Stomatitis in adults

Before starting the treatment of stomatitis in adults, the doctor must establish a diagnosis and determine which diseases of the oral cavity occur in a particular case.

Symptoms of all types of stomatitis in adults ( herpetic , aphthous , herpes , ulcerative ) appear gradually. Initially, slight redness and swelling appear on the mucous membrane. Then an ulcer occurs, the main signs of which are as follows:

single, round or oval, shallow;
a thin, loose white or gray film in the center of the ulcer;
smooth edges, reddish halo;
the ulcer is painful and creates noticeable discomfort.

Such diseases of the oral cavity, as a rule, last 4-14 days. The causes of frequent stomatitis in adults are described above, but if a person has had this ailment once, then the probability re-development disease is high. Sometimes symptoms in the mouth in adults and other types of stomatitis appear periodically, acquiring a virtually chronic form. In this case, only a doctor should determine the symptoms and treatment of this disease in adults, prescribing medications only after careful research.

There is currently no evidence that stomatitis is contagious. However, the latter does not apply to some of its forms.

Stomatitis treatment

If on the mucous membrane or on the tongue appears catarrhal stomatitis associated with a violation of hygiene rules, then provided it easy flow, you can treat the disease yourself, first, having found out how to treat stomatitis, with a specialist.

It is advisable to treat the affected surfaces and dentures with a soda solution, Lugol spray .

It is equally important to stick to a diet, since nutrition affects the patient's condition. To restore microflora, there should be no easily digestible carbohydrates in the menu of children and adults.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis

How to treat this form of the disease depends on the degree of damage. Sometimes, after the appointment of a therapy regimen, aphthous stomatitis is treated in adults at home.

In the aphthous form, the appearance of lesions occurs against the background of a decrease in immunity. Only specialists can determine why sores appeared in the mouth, the causes and treatment, since some of them believe that the causes of this type of disease are associated with damage to the mucous membranes. herpes infection... In the chronic form of the disease, white sores in the mouth of an adult appear periodically and appear on the cheeks, on the inner side of the lip, and sometimes in the throat.

With aphthous stomatitis, a person can mark as single manifestations (for example, a white sore) and multiple. In contrast to herpetic stomatitis, with aphthous, rounded white plaques appear, that is, aphthae with a red rim, which is noticeable in the photo. If a white sore appears in the mouth again, how to treat it depends on whether the stomatitis has turned into a chronic form. The disease can last for years, so it is important to immediately determine how to treat mouth ulcers.

With the aphthous form of the disease, treatment is carried out in stages. Initially, aft processing is carried out, for which a solution is used boric acid and a decoction of chamomile. An antiseptic rinse with a solution recommended by a specialist is also carried out. For example, throat and oral cavity can be rinsed with a mild solution potassium permanganate or . You can also do other rinses. Intravenous use is practiced sodium thiosulfate for the purpose of desensitization and detoxification. Those who have been diagnosed with this disease of the oral mucosa are prescribed funds Prodigiosan , Lysozyme , Pyrogenal ... Means Lidocaine Asept contains local anesthetic and effectively acts in the aphthous form of the disease.

Also prescribed multivitamins, antihistamines, sedatives.

Since aphthous stomatitis develops in people suffering from diseases of the nervous, endocrine, digestive systems, recurrent stomatitis can be prevented by curing these diseases.

Catarrhal stomatitis treatment

The clinic of this form is such that for successful treatment it is necessary to eliminate the cause of its manifestation. If affected areas appear on the mucous membrane, they must be carefully treated with antiseptic solutions, Chlorhexidine ... The use of applications with lidocaine or benzocaine is practiced with severe pain.

A remedy, etc., is widely used, which can be anointed with lesions after the appointment of this remedy. If after taking these funds the condition does not improve, it is advisable to go to the hospital. For the period of treatment, it is worth giving up the toothbrush so as not to irritate the gums. Practice and application folk remedies: sea buckthorn oil, honey, etc. help with stomatitis.

Treatment of herpetic stomatitis

This type of disease manifests itself most often, because the carrier of the virus is the vast majority of the population. However, stomatitis on the lip or in other areas of the mucous membrane appears when a person has a deterioration in immunity.

Oxolin .

So that the disease does not turn into chronic stomatitis, shows the use of immunostimulants, vitamin complexes.

Consider the fact that this type of sore mouth is contagious and can be transmitted through close contact, such as kissing. Therefore, if a person has a bubble on the gum, or in the mouth white sore how to treat and what its nature is, must be determined by a specialist. You should not fight such manifestations on your own - smear with brilliant green, drink antibiotics and practice other unconfirmed methods.

Allergic stomatitis treatment

Approximately one third of the population has a variety of allergic reactions associated with the action of certain allergens. It is with them that stomatitis in the tongue or in other places of the mucous membrane can be associated.

In this case, the causes of the sore are contact with dentures, medications, etc. Since this manifestation is not considered a separate disease, how to treat a sore on the tongue, as well as how to treat a wound, depends on the nature of the allergic reaction.

Treatment in adults is reduced to the use of antihistamines -,. Prevention comes down to eliminating the allergen.

The so-called prosthetic stomatitis , which is usually subdivided into the following types: allergic and bacterial ... In the case of the bacterial form, stomatitis on the gums is manifested by reddening of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed. At allergic form redness can spread further, for example, stomatitis in the throat, etc.

Ulcerative stomatitis, treatment

What to do with stomatitis depends on its form. The ulcerative form manifests itself, like a number of others, against the background of deterioration of immunity, poor oral hygiene, etc., while a number of unpleasant symptoms are noted - the appearance of ulcers, bad breath, fever. If such stomatitis manifests itself in the palate or the place where the pimple was previously, in another place of the mucous membrane, is inflamed and sore, it is necessary to initially determine why sores appeared in the palate in the mouth, and then - how to treat the ailment.

Mild disease can be treated with local funds... It will be enough to practice a gentle diet and plentiful drink, Grind sharp edges of teeth and remove. For rinsing, the use of solutions is practiced hydrogen peroxide , chlorhexidine , furacilin , also herbal decoctions. To speed up the epithelialization process, regenerating agents are prescribed.

If the disease does not go away after a few days, but lasts a long time, detoxification and antibacterial treatment... Sometimes vitamins are also prescribed, general treatment, physiotherapy. If the focus, which has become inflamed, is treated in a timely manner, then the ulcers close after 6-8 days. If the disease persists long time, then its transition to a chronic form is likely.