Nutrition of a 3-4 year old child with pneumonia. What should you not eat if you have pneumonia? Diet and nutrition rules

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Pneumonia is an acute infectious and inflammatory disease of the lungs. Diet for pneumonia in adults is the key to successful recovery. The main thing is general, anti-infective, drug therapy. General therapy consists of hospitalization of the patient, compliance bed rest And proper nutrition, destination medicines, monitoring his health status.

A diet for pneumonia should help increase the body's defenses, enhance its resistance, reduce intoxication and maintain normal functioning digestive and cardiovascular systems.

Along with these important factors that have a positive effect, the area of the room in which the patient is located, good lighting and ventilation, and oral hygiene are also significant in the fight against the disease.

Following a diet can reduce inflammation, remove toxins, improve immunity and speed up recovery in both adults and children.

Nutrition for pneumonia involves reducing refined carbohydrates, salt, and increasing calcium intake helps relieve inflammatory process. Sufficient quantity vitamins in foods, especially ascorbic acid, and drinking plenty of fluids help to quickly eliminate intoxication from the body. Eating vegetables and fruits and vitamin complexes will help strengthen your immune system.

Food should be easily digestible to avoid bloating and gas formation. In this case, preparation allows 3 types: chopped, pureed or boiled (steamed). Spicy, highly salted, pickled foods, as well as the use of sauces, are strictly prohibited. Meals for pneumonia should be small and frequent, 5-6 times a day. The expansion of the diet occurs gradually, depending on the improvement of the patient’s condition.

So to useful species products for pneumonia include lean meat and fish, broths, cereals, dairy products, vegetables, fruits, dried fruits, juices, compotes, fruit drinks, decoctions, greens in the form of lettuce, parsley, green onions, egg yolk, honey.

Diet for pneumonia strictly prohibits the consumption of the following: bread, muffins and pastries, fatty broths, fatty meats, canned food, smoked meats, spices, chocolate, sweets, cream, fatty sour cream, legumes, coffee, alcohol.

Because pneumonia happens different types(unilateral, bilateral, total, focal, etc.) and forms (for example, acute pneumonia), each menu and diet must be agreed with your doctor.

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Diet for acute illness

During an exacerbation of the disease, the menu consists of the following products: broth, lean fish, milk, carrots, potatoes, apples, pears, all kinds of fruits and vegetables and berry juices, weak tea.

This sample menu may include a first breakfast ( semolina and milk), second breakfast (jelly). For lunch you can prepare some meat broth or puree soup, and for an afternoon snack - apple puree and juice or fruit drink. Dinner may consist of cottage cheese, rosehip infusion, sea buckthorn or lingonberries. It is advisable to drink a glass of milk at night. Be sure to drink enough water between each meal.

At first, absolutely all dishes are prepared with a liquid consistency: boiled porridge, pureed soups, broths. Gradually, omelettes and boiled vegetables are being introduced into the menu. Prebiotics are added, the action of which is aimed at improving intestinal microflora. Fermented milk products act as prebiotics.

Menu in the first days acute course illness is compiled taking into account the age and condition of the patient. If the patient does not want to eat, but does not refuse to drink, you should not force him. A weakened body may not be able to cope with the digestion process, which can lead to a worsening of the condition.

Diet during various diseases is a part complex therapy. A special diet is also prescribed for pneumonia. In addition, diet is necessary both during illness and after recovery.

Features of diet for pneumonia

Before you start following a diet, you should cleanse your body. This is done with the help of a laxative. Warm baked milk with butter is recommended for the patient. This remedy is considered useful for eliminating lung problems and replenishes surfactant.

When the patient’s condition worsens, the diet for pneumonia in adults should include:

As for vegetables, it is worth introducing into your diet:

cabbage;
potatoes;
carrots;
greenery.

Among the fruits, the most useful are:

apples;
citrus;
pears;
grape.

If a person who is sick with pneumonia does not want to take food, then there is no need to force him, otherwise the food will not be beneficial.

When a person recovers, diet after pneumonia also plays an important role. Meals should be varied depending on individual preferences. It is necessary to eat frequently, and only fresh food is consumed. The emphasis should be on:

cereals, especially buckwheat, oatmeal and rice porridge;
fresh or thermally processed vegetables;
fruits, berries;
meat dishes;
fermented milk products.

The dietary table here is based on some rules. It's worth eating in fractions. Porridge can be prepared either with milk or as a side dish. To normalize stomach activity after long-term use antibiotics, you should consume natural and unsweetened yogurt. If a child gets sick, then after pneumonia he needs to add fruits with berries and nuts to yogurt, which will also have a positive effect on his body.

It is worth preparing fresh salads as often as possible, which should include tomatoes, green vegetables, in particular cucumbers. You can make a stew with vegetables. The meat should be boiled; you can make steamed cutlets from it. You can make a soufflé or casserole from the meat.

The dietary table after inflammation should include not only dietary meat, but also red meat, that is, beef and lamb.

The fact is that after an illness, iron reserves are depleted, so they should be replenished to avoid weakness and anemia.

Diet and nutrition rules

The purpose of the diet, both during and after illness, is to:

The diet for pneumonia in adults should contribute to the following:

reduce the amount of fats and carbohydrates consumed;
reduce salt intake to 7 g;
increase calcium intake;
increase your intake of vitamin C, B and A.

As mentioned above, meals during illness must be done in fractions, that is, you should eat at least 6 times a day. Portions should be small. You should eat at the same time. It is best to eat dishes that are steamed. Meat and vegetables need to be boiled. All food should be finely chopped or have a mushy appearance. Need to take maximum amount warm decoctions.

The menu needs to be diversified only after the patient recovers. It is worth increasing your intake of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

When an adult is sick, it is much easier to introduce some restrictions into the diet. But what to do if a child gets pneumonia? In case of pneumonia in children, you should be especially careful about nutrition, since if the baby eats low-quality foods during the illness, this will only worsen his situation and lead to vomiting and diarrhea. Therefore, during this period, you should not introduce new foods into the diet and you should observe intervals between meals.

The baby needs to be fed:

broths;
liquid porridges;
fruits;
pureed meat.

A special role here is played by the drinking regime, which should be plentiful. Adults and children with pneumonia need to drink as much tea, juice and plain boiled water as possible. Fluid in such a situation is very important for the body. It eliminates toxins.

It is worth paying attention to the vitamins that your doctor should prescribe. They will help support the body, because often foods alone are not enough to improve the body’s defenses during debilitating drug treatment.

What foods are good/prohibited during pneumonia?

Nutrition is not considered the main method of treating pneumonia, but a diet will help the patient recover much faster. Therefore, the menu for pneumonia should consist of:

Particular attention should be paid to products containing carotene and vitamin A. Thus, the patient’s diet should be enriched with:

yolks;
sweet pepper;
leaf lettuce;
green onions;
apricots;
parsley;
sea buckthorn fruits.

To reduce the temperature of pneumonia, you need to drink water with lemon or cranberry juice. It is also worth paying attention to diaphoretics, which may include infusions of linden, sage, and mint.

There are many products recommended during illness, but there are also those that are strictly prohibited. They must be excluded in order to avoid complications. Therefore, experts strongly recommend not to consume during pneumonia:

You should also avoid some vegetables, in particular cabbage and radishes. You should not cook mushrooms and legumes for a patient. Baking is prohibited for the reason that it overloads the stomach and does not allow it to recover normal microflora intestines. You should temporarily avoid:

fruits that have hard skin;
chocolate;
confectionery products;
fatty sauces.

When a period of exacerbation occurs, you should not drink cocoa, strong tea, alcoholic drinks and coffee.

A sample diet menu might look like this:

You are allowed to eat up to 200 g of bread per day. It is better to avoid sugar. By following such a menu, a person will feel improvements in his condition much faster, and recovery will be immediate.

It is important to remember that in order for the body to fully recover, you should adhere to proper diet and take into account some rules of therapeutic nutrition.

For pneumonia, medication, physiotherapeutic treatment and compliance are prescribed. special diet. Proper nutrition stimulates the immune system and nourishes the body. essential vitamins and minerals, helps relieve symptoms of general intoxication, normalizes intestinal microflora after taking antibiotics. The diet for pneumonia is characterized by reduced calorie content, consumption of easily digestible foods, and large amounts of free liquid.

A special diet stimulates the strengthening of the body’s defenses and increases resistance to bacterial, viral infections. Pathogenic microorganisms release toxins during their life processes, which leads to muscle pain, headaches, nausea, dyspeptic disorders, and hyperthermia. A diet for pneumonia ensures the removal of toxic substances, improves well-being, and normalizes body temperature.

Eating easily digestible foods in fractional portions relieves stress on the digestive and cardiovascular systems during fever and bed rest. Gas formation, intestinal discomfort are reduced, and the risk of developing side effects from medications.

Principles of dietary nutrition

When following a diet for pneumonia, the daily calorie content of meals does not exceed 1500–2000 kcal. Meals should be divided, food should be taken 5-6 times a day in small portions every 3-3.5 hours. It is important to provide the patient with plenty of fluids; fluids should be drunk at least 2 liters per day.

At profuse vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, sodium loss occurs, for recovery water-salt balance increase consumption table salt up to 8–10 g per day. But it is important to consider that a lot of salt is contraindicated for patients suffering from hypertension and kidney disease. In such patients, the dosage should not be increased beyond 5–6 g.

On the day you are allowed to eat:

up to 70 g fat, of which 30% - plant origin, 70% - animal;
protein in the diet should be 80 g, and most of which are plant based;
The daily intake of carbohydrates with a gentle diet is 350 g.

It is recommended to boil or steam meat and fish. In the first 3–5 days of the diet, you should eat food in a pureed, warm form; preference should be given to light broths, herbal teas, compotes, vegetable broths, low-fat fermented milk products. You can eat as soon as your appetite returns mashed potatoes, fruits, biscuits, soups. The diet must include fresh fruits and vegetables, except cabbage and legumes.

Dietary table No. 13 is prescribed to patients who have suffered acute infectious diseases respiratory tract. The diet for pneumonia is designed in such a way that it is possible to minimize the load on the gastrointestinal tract and ensure the supply of vital important vitamins and minerals. It is necessary to follow the diet for 7–14 days until the patient feels better.

When your body temperature rises and you lack appetite, you don’t need to force yourself to eat. In such cases, it is useful to drink green, chamomile or regular tea with lemon, decoction,. During acute stage illness, the body spends all its energy fighting infection, and increased load on digestive system causes part of the energy to be spent on digesting food. In addition, the functioning of the endocrine glands decreases.

Therefore, nutrition for pneumonia on such days should be light and consist of:

low-fat yoghurts, kefir, acidophilus;
vegetable broths;
puree;
non-acidic fruit juices.

Avoid eating too hot or cold foods and keep food warm. Especially useful during a diet are foods high in vitamins A, C, E - citrus fruits, chicken liver, fresh herbs, strawberry, bell pepper, black currant, .

List of useful products for patients with pneumonia

The diet plan for pneumonia should include following products:

semi-liquid porridges from whole grain cereals: buckwheat, rice, oatmeal;
beverages: herbal teas, dried fruit compotes, weakly concentrated juices, berry fruit drinks;
lean meat: veal, rabbit, chicken fillet;
soft-boiled eggs or in the form of protein omelettes;
soups with light vegetable or chicken broth with cereals;
during the diet you can eat pasta;
mashed potatoes;
honey, jam, jam, marshmallows, marmalade;
low-fat dairy products;
any types of day-old bread, except black and bran;
dietary fish varieties: hake, pollock, pike perch;
butter;
vegetables: beets, carrots, Bell pepper, broccoli, eggplant;
any fruits and berries (with the exception of grapes).

IN recovery period, after improvement general well-being and relieving inflammation, food should be more varied and high-calorie to replenish lost nutrient reserves. Increase the amount of protein foods and fats. To strengthen weakened muscle tissue and normalize energy metabolism, the total calorie content of the diet is increased to 2700 kcal.

Enriched nutrition promotes regeneration lung tissue, stimulates the production of antibodies to infectious agents. The number of meals is reduced to 4 times; dishes that stimulate the pancreas and secretion are gradually introduced into the diet. gastric juice(meat broths, spices). To increase your appetite, you can eat lightly salted herring or sauerkraut brine.

Diet for acute pneumonia

Diet option for pneumonia:

First breakfast: a piece of bread with butter, warm tea with lemon.
Second breakfast: low-fat yogurt with biscuits, baked apple.
Meals for lunch with a gentle diet: vegetable broth with steamed chicken cutlet, dried fruit compote.
Afternoon snack: cranberry juice or berry jelly with cookies.
Dinner while dieting: cottage cheese casserole with vegetables or raisins.
Before bed: tea with chamomile and a spoonful of honey.

At high temperature It is not recommended to drink milk, as it may cause vomiting. And during the period of remission, this drink will be very useful. If hyperthermia is accompanied by vomiting, at the initial stage of the diet you should limit yourself to warm tea with lemon, mineral water. You need to drink in small sips. Eating forcefully causes a reflex to empty the stomach and leads to a deterioration in well-being.

After normalization of body temperature in daily diet add fresh salad with olive oil, non-rich meat broths, light soups, vegetable stews, soy cheese - tofu. For dessert, you can eat yogurt, baked fruit, marmalade or marshmallows without chocolate. You need to drink clean non-carbonated water, or alkaline mineral water, unsalted.

What should you not eat if you have pneumonia?

Following the regime dietary nutrition In case of pneumonia, alcohol, carbonated drinks, strong tea, and coffee are excluded from the diet. Can't eat fatty varieties meat, fish, sausage, canned food, hot and spicy sauces, smoked meats and marinades. Consumption is limited:

Eating these products is contraindicated both during the acute period of pneumonia and during recovery from illness.

During the diet, meat, fish, and eggs should not be eaten fried; these products should only be boiled, steamed, or baked in the oven with vegetables. You should avoid salads with mayonnaise, various exotic restaurant dishes, and fast food.

A diet for pneumonia helps speed up recovery, strengthen weakened immunity, and ensure the body receives essential vitamins and microelements. Nutrition is adjusted taking into account the severity of the disease and the stage of the disease individually for each patient.

Pneumonia – acute infection, characterized by the occurrence of an inflammatory process in pulmonary alveoli. Inflammation requires competent and timely treatment in children and adults. Today, the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia does not pose any particular difficulties. Preference is given therapeutic treatment, A surgical techniques used in case of complications. Special nutrition for pneumonia in adults promotes a speedy recovery.

An important component of proper treatment for inflammation is diet. Nutrition for pneumonia in adults should help restore immunity and increase the overall resistance of the body. Products used in the diet should reduce the pathogenic effects of the infectious agent and reduce intoxication manifestations. You need to choose dishes that are gentle cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.

The prototype of such nutrition in medicine is considered to be table No. 13 according to Pevzner. This diet is prescribed after the discovery of an acute inflammatory process in the human body (sore throat, pneumonia and other diseases accompanied by fever). The table is used in acute period fever, and in the recovery phase they use a different menu.

Catering for pneumonia in adults

An important parameter in the diet of patients with pneumonia is the fragmentation of nutrition. The menu includes four to six meals. Use portions of comfortable sizes. This approach allows you to constantly reinforce the patient throughout the day. nutrients without overloading the digestive tract.

During high fever use a reduced calorie menu. Avoid animal fats and fast carbohydrates.

Meals should primarily include protein and containing slow carbohydrates products. Daily norm Normal protein is at least 1-1.5 grams per kilogram of body weight. Protein is replenished with foods such as milk, egg whites and seafood. This will provide the patient with the material and energy necessary to build antibodies to fight the disease.

Equally important is complete oral rehydration (saturation of the body with fluid). Drinking plenty and frequently is recommended. For adults, at least 2-2.5 liters of fluid per day. Milk can be used in in moderation and fortified drinks, especially those containing vitamin C. Excessive milk consumption can cause intestinal dysfunction.

Dietary food specifically for pneumonia should include a sufficient amount of fiber. It helps improve digestion. From the diet you need to exclude dishes that increase gas formation in the intestines (legumes, sauerkraut, spoiled milk).

We need more foods containing vitamins A and C. Vitamin A helps improve the functions of the alveolar and bronchial epithelium, which is necessary for a speedy recovery. Large amounts of vitamin A are found in red vegetables and fruits. One of the functions of vitamin C is immunomodulation (strengthening the immune system). Vitamin C is found in large quantities in:

citrus fruits;
rosehip;
raspberries;
currants

The diet should include limiting table salt. It is recommended to eat up to 5-6 grams of it per day. After profuse sweating In a patient, the amount of salt intake can be slightly increased.

One of the most important mineral supplements can be considered calcium. Its influence on pathological mechanisms in the development of inflammation. Both calcium preparations and foods containing it are used (preference is given to dairy products).

The diet includes dishes that mechanically spare the intestines. It is necessary to serve carefully chopped, tender food to the table. Porridge, fish and meat dishes are well boiled or steamed.

Taking into account the requirements, doctors add the following foods to the white list.

Bird, low-fat varieties meat, broths.
Seafood preferably well cooked River fish (sea fish contains a large amount of fat, the consumption of which is undesirable).
Fermented milk dishes in moderation, cheeses, low-fat cottage cheese and milk.
Durum pasta, cereals. All this must undergo sufficient heat treatment.
Fresh fruits, berries and vegetables rich in vitamins A and C.
Vitaminized drink, including juices, fruit drinks and teas with the addition of jam, honey, rose hips.

What to limit

The following products were blacklisted by doctors.

A variety of sweets, candies, cookies, chocolate and other foods containing easily digestible carbohydrates.
Alcohol has an unfavorable effect on the body's defenses and has a damaging effect on the digestive tract.
Drinks containing caffeine (coffee, strong black and green tea) put excessive strain on the cardiovascular system.
Fatty meat and fish.
Berries, fruits and vegetables that increase the formation of gases in the intestines (beans, grapes, etc.).

Example of a diet for pneumonia

First breakfast:

scrambled eggs;
steamed buckwheat porridge;
vegetable salad;
tea with rose hips.

pasta with boiled chicken fillet;
vegetable salad;
Orange juice.

chicken broth soup;
steamed rice porridge with perch;
vegetable salad;
tea with rose hips.

kefir;
bun.

low-fat cottage cheese;
apple;
milk.

Before bedtime:

tea with currant jam.

Nutrition after illness

The diet after recovery has great value. in adults it continues for some time after discharge. Doctors recommend following the adjusted diet for at least another month. The diet has similarities with nutrition for pneumonia.

Features of nutrition after pneumonia.

Increases daily consumption energy from carbohydrate-containing dishes.
Still high content protein in food. A sufficient amount of protein can be achieved through milk.
It is important to restore the microbiological landscape in the intestine after antibiotic therapy. Kefir, yoghurt containing bifidumbacteria and special starter cultures are introduced into the menu.
It is allowed to consume previously prohibited foods in moderation: coffee, tea, and fatty fish.

What to eat during and after pneumonia is everyone’s personal business. However, all doctors recommend not to neglect the role of diet in the recovery of adult patients. Diet, properly selected food products along with drug therapy– the most important lever of influence on the disease.

In case of serious illness, it is necessary to support protective functions body, reduce the load on the immune system and digestive tract. The diet should contain the least amount of salt, fats and carbohydrates, but the amount of vitamins A, B, C and calcium must be increased. Food should be consumed in small portions at least 6 times a day. If you don’t want to eat, you don’t need to force yourself. It is worth eating dishes that are steamed, baked, or ground or boiled. You should drink warm liquid in large quantities.

Additional Information. As soon as the healing process is noticeable, you can add fats, proteins, carbohydrates to the diet and reduce the amount of fluid consumed.

Therapeutic diet

Nutrition for pneumonia is based on reducing the amount of carbohydrates and salt consumed and increasing the amount of calcium, which helps reduce the inflammatory process. A significant amount of vitamins, namely ascorbic acid and drinking plenty of warm liquids, helps get rid of intoxication in the body. It is necessary to strengthen the immune system with fruits, vegetables and various vitamin complexes.

The diet should consist of light dishes to avoid swelling and gas formation processes did not occur. There are only three options for preparing food: boiled (steam), pureed and chopped. The consumption of spicy, salty, pickled foods or various sauces is strictly prohibited. In case of pneumonia, meals should be frequent (5-6 times a day) and fractional. As the patient's condition improves, the diet can be expanded.

For pneumonia healthy products considered cereals, broths, lean meats, lean fish, fermented milk products, fruits, vegetables, dried fruits, compotes, decoctions, fruit drinks, juices, green onions, parsley, lettuce, honey, egg yolk.

If you have pneumonia, it is strictly forbidden to consume the following foods:

Additional Information. Considering that there are several types of pneumonia (focal, total, unilateral and bilateral) and forms (acute), each menu should be agreed with the treating specialist.

Diet for acute pneumonia

During an exacerbation of the disease, the menu should include the following products: lean fish, broth, carrots, milk, potatoes, pears, apples, various berry and vegetable juices, weak tea.

Sample menu

Breakfast - milk and semolina porridge; second breakfast can consist of jelly.
Lunch – a small amount of puree soup or meat broth
Afternoon snack – fruit drink, juice, apple puree
Dinner - cottage cheese, rosehip, lingonberry or sea buckthorn decoction.

At the first stage of the disease, almost all food should be of liquid consistency: soups - purees, boiled porridges, broths. Next, you can gradually introduce boiled vegetables and omelettes into the diet. Prebiotics should be added to food to improve intestinal microflora. Fermented milk products act as prebiotics.

Food in the first stages of the disease should be selected based on the condition and age of the patient. If the patient does not want to eat, but drinks a lot of liquid, you should not force him. This is due to the fact that the body may not have the strength to process food, as a result of which the patient’s condition will only worsen.

Diet during recovery

At the time of recovery and return of appetite, after pneumonia, you should diversify the food, taking into account the individual preferences of the patient. You need to eat small meals, often, dishes should be fresh and well prepared. Special attention The following product groups should be removed:

Cereals: oatmeal, buckwheat, rice and millet. You can use them to prepare dairy or non-dairy porridges, as well as side dishes.
To normalize the activity of the stomach, it is necessary to consume dairy products. Worth giving preference natural products: matsoni, yogurt, ayran.
Vegetables can be either fresh or after heat treatment. Fresh salads from tomatoes, green vegetables, herbs, cucumbers, onions, vegetable stew with meat, as well as side dishes and sauerkraut salads.
Meat dishes: boiled meat, cutlets (can be regular or steamed), casseroles, soufflé. In addition to dietary meat - rabbit, chicken breast, turkey, you must eat red meat (lamb, beef). This is due to the fact that after pneumonia, the amount of iron in the body decreases, which can provoke both simple iron deficiency and anemia.
Berries and fruits.

Mode. You need to eat at least 6 times a day. The patient should not be forced to eat because overuse food significantly overloads the gastrointestinal tract, which is completely undesirable for pneumonia.
Water balance. To get rid of waste, toxins and other harmful components from the blood, the patient should drink large amounts of warm liquid. It is advisable to drink at least 2 liters of liquid per day in various forms(fruit drink, soup, tea).
Fractional meals. During illness, the patient eats often, but each meal should be minimal. This will significantly reduce the functional load on the gastrointestinal organs. intestinal tract and speed up the process of food absorption.
It is necessary to give preference to purees and cereals. Each dish should be brought to a mushy state. This can be achieved using a blender or mixer. Detailed food penetrates the intestinal cavities more easily, and also fully penetrates into the blood.
Dishes must be baked in the oven, stewed and boiled. It will be much easier for the patient if you reduce the amount of smoked and fatty foods you consume.

Important . In order for the body to recover quickly, you should adhere to proper nutrition and take into account the features of therapeutic nutrition.

Products necessary during the treatment of pneumonia

Low-fat varieties of fish and meat. Salmon, beef, turkey are foods filled with fats and proteins. The proteins included in their composition synthesize antibodies and eliminate bacteria and microorganisms.
Fermented milk products. If the amount of sufricant is insufficient, it is necessary to drink milk with honey. Also, dairy products will restore balance in the stomach after consuming antibiotics.
Vegetables. The priorities are cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, garlic, radishes, onions and garlic. They're in large quantities contain carbohydrates and fiber.
Fresh fruits: pears, apples, bananas, citrus fruits.
For drinks, you should choose freshly squeezed juices (apple or orange). Cranberry fruit drinks and rosehip decoction are effective. These remedies were used in ancient times to treat infectious and colds.
Pasta and cereals: semolina, buckwheat and oatmeal.
Jam, honey and other natural sweets.