High density LP increased. Lipoproteins: functions, meaning and classification

Hello, dear readers! The article is talking about LDL cholesterol. We are discussing the reasons for its increase. You will learn what diseases cause fatty alcohol deposits, and how to reduce the level of compound at home.

LDL cholesterol is a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, a substance that is popularly called poor or harmful cholesterol. LDL represent the main transport form organic compound, It is this kind of fat alcohol actively enters the vessels and internal organs.

For the development of the connection, the liver is answered and small intestine man.

Indicators of the substance are more associated with the risk of atherosclerosis. Compared with the indicators of HDP cholesterol, this is due to the fact that the fraction of fatty alcohol LDL interacts with vessels and internal organs.

When moving along the vessels increased quantity Cholesterol cells of vascular walls capture particles of substance. Under the influence of local factors, atherosclerotic plaques are forming. Plaques are narrowing the clearance of vessels and provoke thrombo formation, causing such diseases as a heart attack and stroke.

When raised

About elevated LDL cholesterol say when value indicators exceed 4.52 mmol / liter in women and 4.8 mmol / liter in men. For increased concentration Low density compounds increase the risk of developing function disorders of cardio-vascular system and brain.

High concentration provokes its deposition on vascular walls. As a result of the formation of plaques and narrowing the lumen of the veins and the arteries, there is a circulatory disruption, first of all from pathological changes Heart, kidney and brain suffer.

Good and bad cholesterol

The value of the total cholesterol includes cholesterol indicators of LDL and HDL. HDP - Lipoproteins high densityThe people are called "good" cholesterol.

When a substance is produced in the liver, low-density lipoproteins are picked up and tolerates it to cells. This process is natural and necessary for human organism, and in the absence of adverse factors - is completely safe. If the liver produces too much compound, LDLs can lose it during transportation, retaining particles and form plaques on the walls of the vessels.

High density lipoproteins perform reverse transportation of the substance, delivering cholesterol from cells to the liver in the form of bile. HDL is anti-studiogenic effect - take the deposition of fatty alcohol from the walls of the vessels and prevent the formation of new organic substance clusters.

For more information, see next video.

Causes of raising

An increase in the level is called hyperlipidemia, such a condition of the doctors consider the main cause of the development of atherosclerosis - a disease that leads to such consequences as a heart attack and stroke.

Increased concentrations provoke the following states:

congestive processes and stones in the bustling bubble;
kidney disease;
liver diseases;
violations of function thyroid gland;
diabetes;
pancreas cancer;
cancer prostatic gland in men;
alcoholism;
genetic predisposition;
obesity.

It also affects the level of substance in the blood, which a person uses daily.

Norm for women and men

The table indicates the norms of cholesterol concentration in men and women depending on age, in units of measurement mmol / liter:

How to find out - elevated or lowered

The connection level is measured by laboratory Analysis blood. The test is carried out on an empty stomach, in the morning the patient is allowed to drink some water. Conducting the test is possible only 12 hours after the last eating, but the interval cannot take more than 14 hours.

Before passing an analysis in a few weeks, the reception of medication drugs stop. In cases where the cancellation of drugs increases the risk of threat to the patient's life and health, it is necessary to provide the doctor all information about the medications taken and indicate accurate dosages of funds.

What products reduce cholesterol

At an elevated level, the patient is prescribed treatment of the main reason that caused pathological secretion fat alcohol, therapy, and also medicinal diet. Special diet eliminates products S. high content Fats and includes food with a high concentration of HDL.

sea fish, as well as special supplements based on fish oil;
nuts and seeds, especially linen seed;
barley and oats;
apples, pears;
tomatoes;
garlic;
carrot;
peas;
dried beans.

To purify vessels in the menu include cranberries, persimmon, freshly squeezed orange juice, watermelons, green tea, Bitter chocolate, oat bran.

More about nutrition with elevated cholesterol you will learn from the following video.

Preparations for lowering

Main drugs to normalize the level of cholesterol LDL in the blood - statins. Statins reduce the secretion of fatty alcohol with liver, blocking the work of the main enzyme, which is responsible for the production of harmful substances.

Preparations from the Statin Group:

Simvastatin;
Lovastatin;
Handustatin.

Also, patients are prescribed fibrates that destroy the LDL in the blood, partially dissolve cholesterol sediments:

Atomidine;
Oralipin;
Traccore;
Clofibrin;
Lipighem.

The main therapy includes nicotine acid. Drugs from this group oppress synthesis harmful cholesterolAs a result, the level of oily alcohol in the blood is reduced.

Folk remedies

As auxiliary therapy is allowed to use folk medicines. Here are some recipes:

Linen seed - add one tablespoon to food linen seedspreviously shredded to the mortar, 1 time per day. Use the medicine is recommended for 1 month.
Celery - neglect the celery stalks in boiling water for 5-7 minutes, the finished product spray sesame and sugar.
The roots of licorice - grind the roots of licorice, 2 tablespoons of raw materials will fill with 500 ml of boiling water, boil for ten minutes on a weak heat, the medicine strain. Take a decoction one third of the glass four times a day. The course of treatment takes 2-3 weeks, then take a break for a month.

Lowering cholesterol at home

To reduce the concentration of a harmful compound in the blood, it is not enough to receive drugs - without changing the lifestyle after the end of the course of therapy, there will be an increase in the indicators of this value.

Power adjustment I. healthy image Life will help to avoid the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and prevent the development of dangerous diseases.

Preventive measures include:

refusal of harmful food - fatty, fried dishes, canned food, marinades, smoked, bakery and confectionery, fast food, inclusion in the diet of fresh vegetables and fruits, useful croup;
an exception harmful habits - drink alcohol and smoking;
healthy weight loss in obesity;
daily physical exertion - sports, exercises, exercise, leaf or nature walks.

These simple rules It will help to reduce cholesterol levels and will not allow it to re-enhance it.

It is also important in time to treat all the diseases, many of them provoke an increased secretion of organic matter.

What to remember

The value of the total cholesterol includes:

LDL - "bad";
LDLP - "Good."

Depending on age, the norm varies:

from 3.1 to 7.8 mmol / liter - in women;
from 2.9 to 7.05 mmol / liter - in men.

To reduce, apply:

medications - satina, fibrates, nicotinic acid;
folk remedies and food;
correction of lifestyle.

See you in the next article!

It is known that the sufficient level of HDL is required for normal function of cardio-vascular system. There are circumstances when "good" cholesterol rises against the background dangerous diseases.

Treatment of almost all cardiovascular pathological conditions It is not necessary without assessing the concentration of various cholesterol factions. Sometimes the analysis of lipid blood parameters shows :. What does it mean?

The reasonable fact is that high density lipoproteins prevent the development of atherosclerosis. But the prevalence increases the likelihood of infarction, strokes, disrupts the function nervous system. At the same time, the change in the level of HDL above the norm may indicate serious problems with health.

It is known that cholesterol plays a number of important roles in the body. Without this substance, the function of any live cell is impossible. Cholesterol is involved in the synthesis of some hormones (testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, cortisol), ergocalciferol (vitamin D), as well as bile acids. At the same time, there is a lot of data on negative impact on cholesterol organism.

The reasons negative influence Cholesterol lies in its structure and blood concentration. The substance is not homogeneous according to the composition, but includes high density lipoproteins, low and very low density lipoproteins. In addition, in blood can circulate triglycerides and cholesterol oxidation products - oxycasterols. It has been established that LDL, oxystrolols and trigletters are active participants in the process of formation of atheromatous plaques.

"Good" and "bad" cholesterol

High density lipoproteins are transferred to cholesterol into the liver for further processing and removal from the body. The higher the level of HDL, the more effective they perform their function, preventing the deposition of atheromatous plaques inside the vessels. This means that "good" cholesterol prevents the development of atherosclerosis.

Otherwise, the situation with low density lipoproteins is. Their structures transport cholesterol to cells and vessels. Also, LDLs are the source material for the synthesis of hormones, vitamin D. If the level of low density lipoproteins becomes above the norm, excess of cholesterol particles begins to be introduced into arterial wall, Forming atherosclerotic plaques. This circumstance leads to a decrease in the lumen of the vessels and the development of ischemic pathologies (infarction, stroke).

"Good" and "bad" cholesterol in the body are closely connected with each other. High molecular weight lipoproteins are captured and eliminating cholesterol obtained from LDL. If the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood becomes below the norm, ceases to flow with food, it begins to actively synthesize the liver. Reducing the concentration of HDL in such a situation leads to the development of atherosclerosis.

The role of triglycerides

Triglycerides, being a source of energy in the body, along with low density lipoproteins, can affect the process of forming atherosclerotic plaques. This circumstance occurs in the case when the concentration of fats in the blood above the norm, and "good" cholesterol due to low content Conducts to perform the function of transferring LDL.

Increasing the number of trihycererides occurs when excessive use Food rich in animal fats. The use of drugs containing hormonal agents, as well as large quantities of ascorbic acid, increases the level of triglycerides in the blood, provoking the development of thrombosis, atherosclerosis.

Danger of oxycisters

Oxycasterols relate to intermediate structures that are formed during the synthesis of bile acids, steroid hormones. However, hydrasisterols that enter the body with food are particularly dangerous for vessels. These compounds are able to launch the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Oxycisterstoles in large quantities are present in egg yolks, frozen meat, fish, and dry milk, and cream oil.

Procedure for conducting research

Usually, blood test for cholesterol fractions and triglycerides is appointed by a doctor to clarify the causes of high arterial pressure, with cardiovascular, endocrine pathologies, during application hormonal drugs. We will not be able to analyze the cholesterol for men at the age after 35, and in women older than 40 years old.

Before conducting a study, several days do not recommend eating food, rich fat. Analysis is carried out on an empty stomach. Physical exertion, stress and smoking before taking blood for cholesterol distorts the results of the study.

Evaluation of the concentration of substance

To determine how much cholesterol is negatively reflected in human health, it is necessary to analyze several parameters. This is the level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as the concentration of HDL and LDL in the blood. For men and women of different age groups Norms of indicators will be different.

Decoding and evaluation of data obtained when analyzing blood on various lipid fractions is carried out by a doctor with the age of age and human gender. There are certain norms of the content of general cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides for women and men. Also decoding the analysis should include the atherogenic index. This indicator means what is the ratio between high and low density lipoproteins. In other words, how good the "good" cholesterol prevails over the "bad".

Sometimes, the indicators of the lipidogram (blood test on various fractions of fats) change to the worse under the influence physiological factors. In men, the level of cholesterol and triglycerides are more affected by age. In women, the indicators of "bad" cholesterol and lipids are raised during pregnancy, after the onset of menopause. Lipoproteins of low density and triglycerides are above the norm under stressful situations, an increase in physical exertion.

Common cholesterol

The analysis of blood lipids must necessarily include information about the general cholesterol. The norms of this indicator differ depending on the age and gender of the person. Usually increased in the elderly and can reach 6.5-7 mmol / liter. In women, cholesterol is usually elevated compared to the same indicator at the opposite sex. A sharp decline Cholesterol concentration is observed in postoperative period, with myocardial infarction, severe bacterial infections.

Indicators LDL.

The next essential indicator that includes the decoding of the lipidogram - low-density lipoproteins. At elevated concentration of LDL, the risk of developing heavy vascular pathologies, ischemia and atherosclerosis.

In men, the standard content of low-density lipoproteins to thirty-year-olds are reduced compared to the data of the opposite sex. This indicator ranges from 1.6 mmol / liter in boys of 5-10 years of age up to 4.27 mmol / liter in thirty-year-old men. In women, the LDL standards are gradually growing from 1.8 mmol / liter at a five-year-old age to 4.25 mmol / liter in 30 years.

Then, up to fifty years, the LDL level is slightly higher in men than in women of a similar period of life and reaches 5.2 mmol / liter. Maximum concentrations "Poor" and are considered within the normal range of up to 5.7 mmol / liter at the seventieth age.

Concentration of HDL

In the blood test on cholesterol, high density lipoprotein levels should be reflected. As a rule, the concentration of HDL is relatively low and should be in the range of 0.7-1.94 mmol / liter for men or women of different ages. Low level of lipoprotein almost always means that the risk of developing heart and vessel pathologies is elevated.

It is believed that the higher the indicator of high density lipoproteins, the better it will be reflected in the state of human health. Really, high level HDL prevents the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. However, high-density high density lipoprotein data may indicate serious diseases.

It is known that hepatitis in chronic stage, biliary cirrhosis of the liver, long-term intoxication, long-term alcohol intake can increase the concentration of high density lipoproteins. That is why, when deciphering a lipidogram, it is important to pay attention to the limit indicators of HDL.

Atherogenic coefficient

According to atherogenicity, you can evaluate real risks The emergence of atherosclerosis. The atherogenic coefficient is defined as the difference between the indicator of the total cholesterol and the concentration of HDL divided by the number of high density lipoproteins. The higher the atherogenicity, the greater the likelihood of the human damage, heart attacks, strokes, hypertension.

The permissible limits of atherogenicity for young people fluctuate in the range 3. After thirty years, atherogenicity can reach 3.5, and at the older age - 7.0.

Triglycerides

The vessels are subjected to a serious threat to the development of atherosclerosis, if the level of concentration of triglycerides in the blood is increased. In women, this indicator varies from 0.4 to 1.6 mmol / liter, and in men should be in the range of 0.5-2.8 mmol / liter. The level of triglycerides is reduced in violation of the liver, pulmonary diseases, defective nutrition. The reasons for the increased concentration of triglycerides may be associated with diabetes, viral or alcoholic lesion Liver.

How to improve lipidogram performance

Assessment of indicators of various cholesterol fractions allows the doctor to prevent the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, preventing infarction and strokes. Improve lipidogram data can be in several ways. First of all, you should refuse nicotine addiction, not to abuse alcoholic beverages, reasonably approach physical exertion. It is important to eat in food, large amounts of pectins, minimum of fats and carbohydrates.

Special medicines can be appointed to reduce atherogenicity: statins, fibrats, antioxidants, as well as means to normalize the liver function. Sometimes in order to reduce the level of "bad" cholesterol, it is necessary to refuse to receive drugs containing hormones. Normalization of psycho-emotional state also contributes to improving lipidogram performance. It is important to relate to their health and periodically along with the doctor to assess the concentration.

In the human body, cholesterol (he also cholesterol) performs an important role in the exchange of substances, is part of the structure of many organism cells. However, they allocate "good" and "bad" fractions of this element, which differ in different ways to human health. With an increase in the amount of cholesterol in the blood, the risk of heart attack, stroke increases.

What is high density lipoproteins

Most of The substances are produced by the organism in the liver (about 80%), the remaining proportion falls on its receipt along with food. Cholesterol takes part in the formation of hormones, bile acids, cell membranes. The element itself is poorly dissolved in the fluid, so a protein sheath is formed for transportation around it, which consists of apolipoproteins (special protein).

This compound is called lipoprotein. According to the vessels of a person, several of his species circulates, which turned out to be different due to the distinguished proportions of the elements that are part of:

LPONP is a very low density of lipoproteins;
LDL - low lipoprotein density;
HDL is a high density of lipoproteins.

The latter contain little cholesterol, consist practically from the protein part. The main function of the HDP-cholesterol is the transport of extra cholesterol to the liver for recycling. This type of substance is called good, it accounts for 30% of blood cholesterol. Excess low density lipoproteins over high provokes education cholesterol plaqueswhich, when accumulating in arteries and veins, lead to a heart attack, stroke.

Blood test for cholesterol

To determine the level of cholesterol, it is necessary to hand over a biochemical blood test, which determines the content of HDL and LDL. Research is assigned as part of a lipogram. It is recommended to make it all people older than 20 years at least 1 time every 5 years. If the patient is prescribed by a low-live diet, medicines, donate blood to the analysis follows more often to track the performance of therapy.

How to pass

Blood test for general cholesterol requires a certain preparation before delivery. To obtain the right indicators, it is necessary to comply with such rules:

the fence must be carried out in the morning;
limit fat dishes for 2-3 days before the procedure;
the last meal of food should be 8 hours before the analysis;
avoid physical exertion, emotional overvoltage;
refuse smoking at least 30 minutes before analysis.

Decoding

According to the results of the tests, the total amount of cholesterol in the blood is seen, the content of triglycerides, which affect lipid processes, and HDL, LDL. It can be said that the ratio of poor and good cholesterol determines the likelihood of the development of vascular diseases. This value is called the atherogenic index or coefficient. The rest there is a specific list of indicators of the level of LDL and HDL in the blood of women, men of different ages:

	LDL cholesterol, mmol / l		Cholesterol HDL, mmol / l

The atherogenic coefficient is raised

Such a conclusion when decoding indicates the likelihood of the development of heart disease, cholesterol plaques, the narrowing of vessels, which leads to a stroke, infarction. In this case, the "bad" cholesterol prevails over the "good". To count the atherogenic coefficient, you need to deduct from overall HDP cholesterol and divide the result resulting again to the level of HDL. The reason for the development of an increased indicator becomes:

liver disease in severe form;
heredity;
renal failure (chronic);
silver diabetes;
cholestasis;
inflammation of kidney B. chronic formwhich leads to nephrotic syndrome.

The atherogenicity coefficient is low

This is a good news, in this case the risk of developing cholesterol plaques, blockage, infarction or stroke is extremely small. This fact does not bear some diagnostic value and means that is present elevated cholesterol HDP, which does not represent any danger to human health. In the treatment, the atherogenicity index is always trying to lead or lower it.

LDP rate

Normal indicator In relation to good cholesterol, it is not proper wording. The acceptable level of this fraction varies from the case of the case and is determined individually for a person. The probability of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system is influenced by many factors that should be studied individually for each patient. HDP cholesterol at a low level accurately causes the risk of atherosclerosis. According to general statistics You can estimate the risk of development in adults in the following indicators:

The high probability of development of atherosclerosis in men at 10 mmol / l, in women - 1.3 mmol / l, without taking into account the concomitant factors.
The average probability of atherosclerosis will be in men 1.0-1.3 mmol / l and in women - 1.3-1.5 mmol / l.
The low probability of atherosclerosis in humans will be at 1.55 mmol / l.

How to increase good cholesterol if HDP is lowered

IN different periods A person may have a different percentage of HDL cholesterol. Therefore, a single blood test is not an indicator of the "ordinary" amount of cholesterol. This indicates the need to check the level of substance regularly when concerning the increase. Changes may occur for a short period of time, it is called this - cholesterol metabolism oscillations. To increase the indicator of the HDL follows:

eliminate corticosteroids, anabolic steroids, androgens;
to avoid stressful situations;
take statins, fibrats, cholestyramine, phenobarbital, insulin, arranged.

Learn more about how to hand over the analysis.

Video about bad and good cholesterol

Lipids, including cholesterol (xs), are the most important and irreplaceable building material For cells of our body. They provide the integrity of membranes, and also participate in the synthesis of various substances, such as steroid hormones and so on. At the same time, fats cannot be independently transported in the blood due to their plasma insoluability. Therefore, there is a class of special proteins - lipoproteins (another name - lipoproteins), allowing them to carry out transportation. High density lipoproteins (HDP or LVL) move lipids (cholesterol et al.) From peripheral tissues and vessels in the liver, where it can be metabolized in the required direction, which helps to clean the walls of the arteries from cholesterol and helps prevent the development of atherosclerosis. Low density lipoproteins (LDL), on the contrary, move lipids from the liver into blood to the tissues and cells of the body. This leads to an increase in cholesterol and increases the risk of atherosclerotic processes and related diseases.

Cholesterol deposition and some lipoprotein fractions in the vessel

Good or bad cholesterol

Among the population and some doctors, there is an opinion that cholesterol is a harmful lipid for the body, leading exclusively to negative processes. However, discoveries in biochemistry and other biological sciences showed that cholesterol (cholesterol) is the most important component Cell membranes, participate in the synthesis of steroid hormones, as well as in various metabolic processes, which undoubtedly does not allow to characterize it only as a negative substance.

Cholesterol is a key component in maintaining the vital activity of the cells of the human body.

When someone talks about "bad" cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the low density lipoproteins that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and various vascular diseases. The level of cholesterol at the same time plays an indirect value and does not indicate directly to violations in the exchange of fats. Lipoproteins are made up of a complex protein complex connected to various lipids, which makes it possible to achieve the solubility of the latter in the plasma of blood and transport it into the tissues of our body. However, such a process sometimes does not correspond to the needs of cells, and cholesterol with other fats begins to postpone in the walls of the vessels, leading to the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques. therefore elevated level LDL with a simultaneous low level of HDL is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis.

"Good" cholesterol is represented by high density lipoproteins. These protein-fat molecules transport cholesterol and other lipids from the vascular wall and organism tissues into the liver, where they can be metabolized according to the needs of the body. HDP cholesterol is not postponed in the arteries and, even contributes to their cleansing from lipids, which makes it possible to prevent the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques. The reduced content of HDL increases the risk of atherosclerosis and related diseases. This fact is widely used in cardiological practice when assessing the risk of such a state in patients.

Lipoproteins of various densities

LDP rate

Measuring the level of high density lipoproteins is carried out using a biochemical blood test. Below in the table is given the rate of HDL in accordance with the floor and age of a person:

Age of man (year)	The content of HDL in the blood (mmol / l)
Age of man (year)	Men	Women
From birth to 15	0,8-1,7	0,77-1,7
From 16 to 20	0,8-1,7	0,8-1,8
From 21 to 30	0,8-1,8	0,8-1,9
From 31 to 40	0,8-1,8	0,8-2,0
From 40 or more	0,8-1,9	0,8-2,2

From the above table, it can be noted that the level of high density lipoproteins in women is higher than in men, in particular in the period after puberty. This feature is associated with the ability of female sex hormones (estrogen) to normalize fatty metabolism in the body, lowering the number of LDL and cholesterol, and increasing the level of HDL.

The norms of norms may differ slightly depending on the specific laboratory, which conducted a study.

Interpretation of the results of HDL

In the interpretation of the lipidogram, the doctor will help

The number of high density lipoproteins in the blood can be both increased and lowered. It is important to note that only the attending physician should interpret the results of the study.

Low HDP.

If the HDL level is below the norm, what does this mean? Such a situation can mean disorders in the lipid metabolism of the body and is associated with an increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis and caused by them (ischemic heart disease, Lerish syndrome, ischemic stroke etc.). Such a situation may arise as a result of the following reasons:

Genetic disorders in the processes of fat metabolism (family forms of hyperlipidemia, etc.).
Power disorders (the predominance of oily and carbohydrate food), low level physical activity.
Diseases B. endocrine system (diabetes).
Chronic kidney and liver diseases, etc.

In any case, the decrease in the HDP cholesterol is associated with the risk of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels, which may be complicated by various diseases.

High LDL.

Elevated or normal level High density lipoproteins are associated with a low risk of atherosclerosis, ischemic Disease Hearts and others cardiovascular diseases. HDL allows you to remove lipid deposits from the walls of the vessels, as well as prevent the formation of plaques in them.

However, there are a number of diseases in which HDL values \u200b\u200bin biochemical analysis blood is increased significantly:

Bilyary cirrhosis liver.

A) normal liver; B) cirrhosis

Chronic hepatitis viral or toxic (alcoholic) nature.
Reception medicines (hormonal preparations based on estrogen, statins, etc.).
Pregnancy period.

In each specific situation, it is necessary to carefully analyze the data of biochemical research and interpret them in accordance with the patient suffered and diseased diseases.

Atherogenic coefficient

Changes in the content of low and high density lipoproteins inaccurately reflect the state of lipid metabolism in the body. In this regard, to facilitate the interpretation process of their values, an atherogenic index was introduced: index of atherogenicity \u003d (total cholesterol-hpvp) / HDP

Atherogenic index is normal equal to 2-3, and changes when various diseases. Increased index is observed at:

Severe liver damage.
Diabetes mellitus.

Monitor cholesterol levels to all diabetics

Chronic renal failure.
Power disorders and reducing physical activity, etc.

In this case, the risk of developing atherosclerotic process in the patient is very high and requires the adoption of certain preventive and therapeutic measures.

The decrease in the atherogenic index is considered positive news, as it reflects the low risk of atherosclerosis and related diseases. However, this result does not have a special value due to low informativeness in this particular case.

How to increase hpvp?

Increasing the level of high density lipoproteins allows you to prevent the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, and is shown to all people in old age or with predisposition to such states. As a rule, an increase in the number of HDL is closely associated with a decrease in the content of LDL and cholesterol in the blood.

To normalize a lipid profile, there are several simple recommendations:

You must enter into your routine of the day different kinds Physical activity, in the form of aerobic classes - light jogging, exercise bike, etc. Sports classes have a positive effect on fat and other types of exchange in the body. At the same time, the frequency of classes should be no less than three times a week, the duration is not less than half an hour.

Cycling racks have a beneficial effect on lipid exchange in organism

From food it is necessary to exclude fatty varieties Meat and fish, abandon the egg yolk rich in cholesterol, as well as remove sour cream, milk, cream and curd curds.
A person needs to abandon tobacco and use alcoholic beverages;
Increase vegetable food intake (fresh and boiled vegetables, fruits and berries) and freshly squeezed fruit juices.
Eliminate bakery and bakery and confectionery, increasing blood glucose levels, etc.

In case of serious changesIt is necessary to additionally use drugs that normalize the fat composition of blood (statins, fibrates, cholesterol absorption blockers, etc.).

Assign medication drugs There should only be attending a doctor after medical examination man.

Lowering the content of HDL is an important factor risk of developing coronary heart disease and stroke. In this regard, it is necessary to pay great attention to the periodic assessment of this parameter and preventive inspections With the correction of food and the level of physical activity during the day. Proper prevention Allows you to prevent development severe diseases and increases the overall standard of human living.

High density lipoprotein (HDL) is a substance for transporting unused cholesterol (fats) with blood from peripheral tissues to the liver to dispose of excess. HDP lowered in case of exacerbation chronic diseases or acute infections.

Norms of indicators:

in men - 30-70 mg / dl (0.78-1.1 mmol / l);
in women - 30-85 mg / dl (0.78-2.2 mmol / l).

From which it can be seen that the lower limit of the indicators for adults is the same.

Cholesterol - the main substance transported to the liver with HDL plays an important role in the body: is responsible for the preservation of the hardness of the cell walls, the production of steroid hormones by gender glands and adrenal glands and, according to the latest data, also participates in the processes fabric breathing in the brain. Contains a lot of cholesterol.

Structure of lipoprotein

Lipoprotein (Lipoproteide - means the same) high density conventionally called "good" due to its function, aimed at ultimately on the utilization of excess cholesterol liver. Prevents various cardiovascular disasters, essentially engaged in human body weight control and even takes part in immune processes.

Feeling a decrease in high density lipoproteins is impossible. To figure out what the reduced HDL mean, it is necessary to pay attention to indirect signs Health problems:

a set of weights are out of changes in food style and former physical exertion;
the appearance of the feeling of shortness of the habitual hiking walks at moderate walking speed;
revealed changes hormonal background: menopause, thyroid diseases with deficiency of its function, long reception Oral hormonal contraceptives without control of related indicators, diabetes;
long admission of the following groups of medicines: beta blockers (from increased blood pressure), diuretic.

Who is prescribed blood test on HDL?

For timely detection of the decline of HDL, screening studies should be periodically undergoing, that is, those that make the planned to everyone related to the risk group, namely:

Pregnant women and menopause - a decrease in HDL is associated with hormonal changes, estrogen level. Estrogen, being synthesized by their cholesterol steroid hormone, by feedback regulates the production of LDL liver. With a lack of "good" cholesterol, the concentration of "carriers" of these molecules is reduced to the liver and decreases the amount of re-produced HDL.

It is noted that women after menopause dramatically increases blood cholesterol

Suffering obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is greater than 30.
Moved myocardial infarction and other vascular disasters.
Patients with atherosclerosis of vessels, especially in the brain.
Having food allergies, in particular, celiac disease (gluten intolerance contained in large quantities In grain products), because this group of patients is limited to use the most rich in fiber, which plays a key role in any healing diet.
Often, the analysis on HDL is prescribed before operating interventions, invasive (penetrating the body) diagnostic procedures for assessing the risk of possible complications.

Diagnostics

IN laboratory conditions Blood fence is made, serum is separated and the value of HDL is determined.

The fence is made on an empty stomach, 12-14 hours after the last meal. Measure or one HDP or all the lipid blood profile indicators in complex Analysis. Results are usually ready within 1 day or 1 working day.

In some situations, the ratio of HDL from the total cholesterol is calculated to respond to diagnostic issues.

Blood studies on lipid profile Allows you to identify deviations in fat exchange organism

Do not independently deal with the passage of analyzes. Often the laboratory is interested in greater volume diagnostic proceduresTherefore, the list of necessary surveys should be appointed by the attending physician.

Treatment

Low the desired indicators in HDL analyzes or lipid profile should not be treated. It is necessary to treat a patient individually, paying attention to clinical picture Disorders, complaints and symptoms. These are therapists. Or those doctors in whom the patient stands in account and timely visits consultations: an endocrinologist, cardiologist and others.

Begin treatment from determining the cause that caused a decrease in HDL, and then therapy is directed to the elimination of the revealed cause or removal of exacerbation. Most often it is:

Diabetes. For treatment, blood glucose levels are monitored (hypolipidemic drugs, diet) and the correction of complications.
Cirrhosis of the liver. Conduct control of hepatic samples, correction of the power mode, prescribe adequate states of physical stress and, eliminating alcohol and other toxic substances, drug therapy.
Obesity. The body mass index is determined by the formula: weight (kg) divided into growth (cm) in a square. Ideal is the range of 18-21. Increased indicator More than 30 is considered obesity, at which reduce body weight.

Obesity is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia

A diet with an abundant amount of "fast" carbohydrates, a large number of polyunsaturated fatty acids can also lead to a decrease in HDL. The greater the concentration in the blood of low and very low density lipoproteins (LDL and LNONP), the less indicators of HDL. Therefore, the diet is corrected for treatment.

Universal advice on the normalization of the routine of the day, increasing physical activity and the abandonment of bad habits that will help not only increase the indicators of HDL, but also avoid many other painful states.

Refuse smoking. This action will already raise the indicators of HDL by 10%.
Monitoring your weight, avoid its increase to obesity indicators (BMI\u003e 30), and if you have it, pay attention to the events for its decrease.
Sufficient physical exertion. Charging in the morning, in the warm season. Good to a tool For cardiovascular, there will be a bike ride away from car highways.
Pay attention to the amount of liquid consumed per day (there should be no 2-2.5 liters a day below). Coffee is not counted in this volume, because it has the reverse effect of the desired goal, contributes to dehydration and increase blood pressure.
Refuse alcohol. As alcoholic beverages, it is permissible to occasionally use red wine.

With violations of lipid exchange from alcohol, it is necessary to refuse

Some products help to raise HDL. It:

sea \u200b\u200bfish;
low-fat cottage cheese;
solid cheese;
milk and yogurt;
white meat varieties (poultry, rabbit);
nuts and dried fruits;
bean (soy, peas, nut).

With all the diversity of tips on normalization low indicators HDP cholesterol, the key in the prevention remains normalizing the lifestyle with normalization of body weight and sufficient exercise, namely - medical physical education. This simple, but such an important advice will quickly help lead the figures to the norm and more of whether it is an excellent prevention of cardiovascular diseases and a musculoskeletal system than all possible diets at the same time, because the role of food in blood cholesterol indicators is only no more than 20% .