In the life of every woman, for one reason or another, there comes a period of contraception, when you have to use contraceptive drugs. And it is at this moment that the questions pop up, what, why, why, etc. We will try to thoroughly answer all the exciting and interesting questions about contraceptives, as well as offer a rating of the best contraceptive pills.
The body of each woman is unique and therefore this or that remedy may suit one, but become ineffective for another. It is better to entrust the choice of a contraceptive drug to a gynecologist in order to avoid unwanted side effects.
What should be considered when choosing a contraceptive medication?
- Age;
- Childbearing experience;
- Hormonal background and characteristics of the body;
- Sexual activity.
Each age has its own productive range of drugs.
Up to 20 years old.
The most crucial period. The choice of a contraceptive before the age of 20 must be taken very seriously, since the wrong choice can negatively affect the further development of the body. It is not recommended to drink drugs for girls who are below 160 cm tall, who do not conduct regular sex life, as well as those girls who had their first menstruation earlier than 2 years ago. As a rule, these are drugs containing a minimum amount of estrogen - low-dose or micro-dose, for example:
- Logest
- Marvelon
- Femolen
20-30 years old
In this age category, the female body is already fully formed. The use of high-dose contraception is recommended. Low-dose drugs are recommended for use by girls with high progesterone levels.
For those women who have already had experience of childbearing, low-dose drugs will be optimal; it is also recommended to use single-phase drugs by this milestone.
Since at this age, the level of hormones decreases, more often violations appear hormonal background, and also at this age, most of the fair sex do not plan to give birth, and therefore, during this period, micro-dosage means, or mini-drank, should be used.
Contraception for women over 40 is essential. Since in this age category there is a risk of fetal deviations from the norm, as well as other complications. In particular, one-component drugs are used, which provide maximum protection, although they have some side effects.
Contraceptives are hormonal and non-hormonal. What does this mean?
Not hormonal agents are intended to be inserted into the vagina. This kind protection from unwanted conception is very safe, since hormone-free tablets also have bactericidal properties, protecting the surface of the uterus from infections.
Hormonal contraceptives They are called OK (oral contraceptives), they have the maximum degree of reliability. It should be noted that Oki not only protect against unwanted conception, but also increase them with a lack of female hormones and have an antiandrogenic effect.
Hormonal contraceptives are divided into 2 groups:
Combined (COC) and mini-drank.
Mini-pills are a type of combined oral contraceptive that contains minimal doses of the hormone (minimal pills).
Important!!! Contraindications!
Absolutely all contraceptives have contraindications, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the possible side effects when using hormonal drugs:
- Swelling of the mammary glands;
- Headache;
- Dizziness;
- Decreased appetite
- Nausea;
- Swelling of the legs;
- Decreased pressure;
- Skin rash.
List of diseases in which contraceptives COCs are strictly contraindicated:
- Postpartum period (first one and a half months);
- Lactation;
- Possible or definite pregnancy;
- Kidney and liver pathologies;
- Pathology of the cardiovascular system;
- Hypertension 2 or 3 degrees;
- Not identified vaginal bleeding;
- Swollen mammary glands;
- Vascular pathology of the brain;
- Swollen endocrine and genital organs;
- Diabetes mellitus with complications or progressive;
- Nicotine use over the age of 35;
- Complete immobility;
- Diseases causing thrombosis.
After learning some of the details about contraceptives, we suggest you go directly to the Top 9 Contraceptives 2018 ranking.
Rating of the best birth control pills
9. Yarina
Low-dose OK-and with antiandrogenic effect. The tablets must be drunk for 3 weeks in a row, there are 21 of them in the package, the tablets must be used in a timely manner. The main components of the drug that suppress ovulation are ethinylestradiol and drospirenone. Women who use combined oral contraceptives have a number of positive changes in the body: menstrual cycle, the intensity of bleeding during menstruation decreases.
Advantages:
- Improving the condition of the skin of the face and scalp;
- Regular menstrual cycle;
- Visibly reduces menstrual pain;
- Affordable price;
- Does not increase body weight.
Disadvantages:
- Apathy;
- Reduces libido;
- Chest pain.
8. Silest
Combined oral contraceptive containing high level hormones, in this regard, Silest is contraindicated in use in adolescence... The drug is well tolerated. There are 21 tablets in the package, and they must be drunk within 3 weeks. The drug normalizes hormones and ensures a painless menstrual cycle.
Advantages:
- Affordable price;
- Good tolerance;
- Convenient instructions for use;
- Eliminates acne;
- Favorably affects the skin of the face;
- Treating mild acne.
Disadvantages:
- Not everywhere can be found;
- Bloody discharge is possible;
- Reduces libido.
7. Marvelon
A contraceptive of a combined nature, a reduced amount of active ingredients and therefore is an excellent option for women over 35. It mainly contains estrogen and progestogen. Also, Marvelon balances the volume of secretions and eliminates pain during menstruation. The effectiveness of this drug varies around 80%. When using the drug, you should be examined not only by a gynecologist, but also by a hematologist and a vascular surgeon, since there is a risk of thrombosis.
Advantages:
- Affordable price;
- Increases libido;
- Detailed instructions for use;
- Normalizes the menstrual cycle;
- Does not affect weight gain;
- Effectively normalizes hormones.
Disadvantages:
- Thickens the blood;
- The chest becomes hypersensitive;
- Diarrhea;
- Has many contraindications;
- Nausea;
- Partially causes pimples.
6. Silhouettes
The climacteric agent Siluet is an effective contraception, in addition, it has an additional pharmacological action, treats moderate-to-mild acne. Active substances of tablets that protect against unwanted conception - dienogest and ethinyl estradiol, Excipients- corn starch, talc, lactose monohydrate, etc. Before use, you should consult with your gynecologist.
Advantages:
- Restoring a regular cycle;
- Affordable price;
- Elimination of pain at the time of menstruation;
- Does not affect the increase in body weight;
- There is no profuse discharge.
Disadvantages:
- Nausea;
- Has many contraindications;
- My chest hurts.
5. Triquilar
Oral contraceptive, characterized by a high dosage of hormones - levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. The package contains 3 types of tablets - Tricvilar 5, Tricvilar 6, Tricvilar 10, they differ in the amount of progestin and estrogen content. In the package, 21 pills are recommended for women under 30 years of age. The drug is most effective, but it has many unpleasant side effects.
Advantages:
- The most effective contraception;
- Affordable price;
- Reliability;
- Eliminates menstrual pain;
- Convenient instruction with a calendar;
- Positive consumer reviews.
Disadvantages:
- Side effects;
- Migraine;
- Has many contraindications;
- Fast weight gain.
4. Janine
Oral combined contraceptive, active substance which, ethinyl estradiol and dienogest. Among modern birth control pills, Janine is one of the best, reliable and safe that can be taken for a long period. The effect of contraception occurs through 3 complementary mechanisms: suppression of ovulation, changes in the properties of cervical secretions and changes in the endometrium, which makes the process of egg fertilization impossible.
Advantages:
- Convenient instruction;
- Reliable contraceptive;
- Security;
- Improves the condition of the facial skin;
- Hair does not get greasy;
- Does not cause weight gain;
Disadvantages:
- Reduces libido;
- Price.
3. Lactinette
The tablets of the Hungarian manufacturer Laktinet belong to the mini-drink category and are ideal for adult women. A huge plus of the drug is that it is prescribed to women who smoke. Also, mini-pills are prescribed for girls with an active menstrual cycle during lactation. The tablets are very effective and cause little or no side effects. Lactinet does not affect weight gain. The package contains 28 tablets.
Advantages:
- Can be used by nursing mothers;
- Minimal risk of vascular disorders;
- Optimal for women with obesity or diabetes mellitus;
- Prevents weight gain;
- Security;
- Detailed instructions;
- Fast recovery for conception.
Disadvantages:
- Nausea;
- Has many contraindications;
- The possibility of bleeding;
- Causes depression.
2. Klayra
Effective new generation COC, which is dominated by valerate estradiol, the closest analogue of natural female hormones. Progestin has also been replaced by its modern counterpart, dienogest. Depending on the days of the cycle, the tablets have a specific composition. Unlike traditional COCs, the agent has a milder effect on the female body. These tablets are also used to treat the manifestations of menopause.
Advantages:
- A modern drug using the latest technology;
- Detailed description of the rules of use;
- Reliable protection;
- Improves the condition of the face;
- Security;
- Perfectly restores the cycle;
- Stable emotional state;
- Painless periods;
- Does not increase body weight.
Disadvantages:
- Price;
- Headache;
- Bloating.
1. Jess
By far the best oral contraceptive pill. German quality time-tested, this combination contraceptive with an improved formula ensures complete suppression of ovulation.
It is also worth paying tribute to the manufacturer for the thoughtful, compact and thoroughly described on the packaging instructions for use. Unlike its counterparts, this drug has less effect on weight gain, causes mastopathy, edema. The package contains 28 tablets. It is also suitable for the treatment of severe PMS. Suitable for women and girls.
Advantages:
- Reliable protection against unwanted conception;
- Elimination of menstrual pain;
- Detailed instructions;
- A noticeable improvement in the skin;
- Does not cause swelling;
- Can be used to treat acne;
- Minimum side effects;
- Effectively normalizes hormones;
- Positive consumer reviews;
- Does not affect weight gain.
Disadvantages:
- Price;
- Reduces libido;
- Partially addictive.
In conclusion, a useful video
Before starting to use contraceptive drugs, it is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons, get acquainted with the contraindications, side effects, peculiarities of interaction with other drugs, weigh the expected benefits and potential risk in each individual case.
You should be very responsible and attentive to the choice of contraceptive drugs, because if you choose them incorrectly, you can face multiple health problems, including infertility.
Last update 04.04.2019
Many women prefer protection with oral contraceptives, which is due to several factors: preventing an unexpected pregnancy, improving appearance skin, hair and nails, normalization of hormonal levels. Among the disadvantages are spotting between periods, lack of protection against sexually transmitted diseases, the complexity of the selection in accordance with individual characteristics. The latter factor is decisive for successful prevention and hormone replacement therapy.
Classification and types
What is the best choice for reliable contraception? The pharmaceutical industry produces enough new generation oral contraceptives. Contrary to popular beliefs about the dangers of hormones for the female body, modern drugs do not increase weight (in some cases, even reduce body weight), do not increase hair growth in unwanted places, do not affect libido and women's health... Ease of use and benefits for the beauty of the body and face often become the defining condition for this particular type of contraception. Before choosing birth control pills, need to know existing species pills.
Single-phase (otherwise, monophasic) tablets
A characteristic feature of such tablets is the same ratio of estrogenic and gestagenic hormones. The main drugs of the group are the following tablets:
The doctor selects single-phase oral contraceptives to correct hormonal levels after abortion, in case of menstrual irregularities.
Biphasic contraceptives
One tablet of two-phase drugs includes a certain constant concentration of estrogen and a variable dose of gestagen, which changes in the first and second periods of the menstrual cycle. There are the following types of tablets:
This group of drugs is prescribed for women with special sensitivity to gestagens, as well as with a history of hyperandrogenism. Treatment is carried out in accordance with the indications of the drug.
Contraception in three phases
Three-phase drugs contain a dose of hormones that changes three times during the menstrual cycle. The main drugs in this group are:
Three-phase tablets are prescribed for women over 35 years old and girls under 18 years old. Considering that the main contraindication to the use of pills is smoking, then three-phase hormones can be taken by women who smoke. The advantage is high efficiency in obesity at any stage of development. The main disadvantage is the complex application regimen and the frequency of bleeding between periods.
Mini pills
The active component of mini-pili tablets is only a progestogen. The substance affects local areas reproductive system women, normalizes cervical mucus and its biochemical composition. The volume of mucus at natural conditions decreases in the middle of the cycle, but against the background of the use of the drug, the viscosity remains stably high and prevents the movement of spermatozoa. Usually, the choice falls on such effective pills:
Lactinet, Charosetta (based on the drug desogestrel);
Microlut, Eksluton, Orgametril (based on the drug linestrenol).
Changes while taking mini-pili occur at the level of biochemical processes, as well as in the endometrial layer. Implantation of a fertilized egg is difficult. For many women, ovulation is completely blocked. Even such pills are extremely difficult to find without a doctor.
The basic principle of operation of combined oral contraceptives is to completely block ovulation and implantation of the ovum to the wall of the uterus. Oral contraception provides a kind of glandular regression in the mucous structures of the uterus. The mucous components in the cervical canal thicken, which prevents the penetration of sperm. These changes are due to contraceptive effect from the use of tablets.
Classification by volume of hormonal components
Differences in pill contraceptives are also due to the total concentration of hormones in one pill. Information is presented in the following table:
|
attitude to the group |
specifics of appointment |
pharmacy names |
|---|---|---|
|
Microdose drugs |
Zoely (single phase); Klayra (three-phase); Lindinet; Mercilon; Minisiston; |
|
|
Low-dose products |
Tablets have a pronounced antiandrogenic effect, are prescribed when androgens prevail in female hormones (increased hair growth, coarsening of the voice, acne, oily skin). The drug is prescribed to healthy young women who have given birth to patients to prevent pregnancy, to reduce bleeding between periods when low-dose drugs are prescribed. |
Microginon; Marvelon; Rigevidon; Minisiston; |
|
High-dose drugs |
Modern contraceptives with high content hormones are prescribed for diseases of the uterus (for example, endometriosis) or for hormonal disorders... The use of this group is possible only as directed by a doctor. |
Non-Ovlon; Tri-Regol; Triquilar; Trizeston. |
Features of the choice of contraceptive pills
It is very difficult to choose pills on your own, so doctors recommend not to practice on your own health. In some cases, even after examinations and expert advice it is perfectly impossible to find the right drug the first time... Women are tormented by constant spotting between periods, there is no effectiveness of the therapeutic effect and an increase in symptoms gynecological diseases... When prescribing a drug, a number of diagnostic criteria are taken into account:
general clinical history;
number of births and abortions;
living conditions (food, bad habits, sexual contacts, the nature of menstruation);
analysis indicators (sampling from cervical canal, urine, blood tests);
ultrasound of the peritoneal and pelvic organs;
mammological examination;
assessment of a woman's type by hormonal background.
It is impossible to obtain all this data at home. Self-administration leads not only to a decrease in contraceptive function, but also to a number of side effects.
Before appointment consultation of an endocrinologist, ophthalmologist is required... The choice of oral contraceptives is based on other criteria for assessing general physiological parameters:
type of mammary glands;
the nature of the course of menstruation;
Availability chronic diseases organs and systems, including gynecological pathologies;
general condition of the skin and hair;
type of hair growth in the pubic area.
According to all clinical data, the woman's phenotype is compiled, which is the main criterion for choosing suitable pills for contraception and the treatment of gynecological diseases, including infertility.
Women of this type are of medium or short stature, hair and skin are dry. Femininity is defined. Menstruation is accompanied by severe blood loss, prolonged. The duration of the menstrual cycle is over 4 weeks. These women are prescribed high-dose and normal-dose contraceptives. The main drugs are Milvane, Femoden, Tri-regol, Rigevidon, Lindinet, Mikroginon, Logest, Triziston. Such funds are not assigned to oneself.
Balanced estrogen content
The type of woman is characterized by medium height, medium-sized breasts, normal skin and hair. PMS symptoms are usually absent or moderate. The duration of menstruation does not exceed 5 days, and the total duration of the menstrual cycle is normal. Women can choose the following drugs:
Lindinet-30;
Triquilar;
Marvelon;
Microginon.
Tri-merci;
The balanced content of female hormones is accompanied by moderate femininity, normal hair growth in the pubic area and other parts of the body.
The predominance of gestragens (otherwise, androgens)
The women are predominantly tall with a boyish appearance. The mammary glands are poorly developed, there is an increased fat content of the hair and skin. Androgenic manifestations are expressed in excessive hairiness in the armpits, pubis. PMS is accompanied by depression, pain in the abdomen. The duration of the menstrual cycle is short, less than 28 days. The menses themselves last no more than 3-4 days. The following pills are prescribed:
Yarina, Jess, Dimia, Jazz with drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol;
Erica-35, Chloe and Diane-35 with ethinyl estradiol, cyproterones in the composition;
Siluet and Janine, in which dienogest and ethinyl estradiol predominate;
Zoely with estradiol and nomegestrol.
Each phenotype is distinguished by its peculiarities, individual characteristics in the clinical and life plan.
Contraceptive by age
Self-assess age changes the body is impossible without consequences for the body and ensuring normal contraceptive function. The benefits and harms of certain tablets can be assessed only after adequate diagnosis. The selection of oral contraceptives is the task of professional gynecologists. The main goal is to prevent unwanted pregnancy and additional therapeutic effect if necessary. Age features women are an important aspect of the successful and effective prescription of drugs. Biochemical indicators female body change with age and stand out in several main periods:
teenage girl (from 11 to 18 years old);
early reproductive (from 19 to 33 years old);
late reproductive (from 34 to 45 years old);
postmenopausal (2-3 years after the cessation of menstruation).
Adequate contraception should be started as early as teenage years if necessary. According to statistics, the age of women in childbirth is markedly reduced, and the frequency of abortions is increasing. Combined contraceptives are predominant in adolescence with low doses of hormones. The following drugs are shown for young girls: Tri-regol, Trikvilar, Triziston, Mersilon, Marvelon, Silest, Femoden. These drugs not only protect against unwanted pregnancy, but also improve the appearance of the skin in youthful acne, normalize the menstrual cycle, and prevent the development of gynecological diseases.
Appointment for women from 20 to 35 years old
At this age, all methods of protection against unwanted pregnancy are usually widely used. Application of combined oral tablets especially effective with constant sexual intercourse. The main disadvantage of the drugs is the lack of full protection against sexually transmitted diseases. Women of this age group drugs are usually prescribed with minimum dosage hormones or low-dose drugs that stabilize the hormonal background. Such funds do not harm a woman's reproductive health, they normalize the menstrual cycle. The main drugs are Yarina, Regulon, Janine.
Women over 35
Women over the age of 30 should be prescribed adequate contraception against unwanted pregnancies due to the high perinatal risks. Usually at this age they do not think about children, many women smoke, build a career. Often there are diseases of the female genital organs, endocrine disorders, varicose veins veins. Hormones are prescribed here only after thorough diagnosis and medical advice.
The preferred agents are Triziston, Silest, Marvelon, Tri-regol, Triquilar. Contraceptives from the mini-drink group with a low content of the hormonal component are suitable for women. After 35 years, it is important to prescribe drugs with a clear therapeutic effect, such as Femulen. The drug is suitable for many female diseases, chronic liver and kidney damage of any genesis. Smoking and systemic chronic diseases greatly complicate the selection of pill contraception for women at any age.
Appointment after 45 years
After 40 years, the reproductive function of a woman is significantly reduced, the activity of the ovaries decreases. Many women experience menopause, and some remain ovulating. The likelihood of pregnancy is greatly reduced, but protection is still necessary. The risk of pregnancy may occur, but full-fledged bearing is already problematic: existing diseases, aging of the tissues of the pelvic organs, possible pathologies fetus. Another important aspect is the upbringing of the child - many women after 45 have their own grandchildren. When pregnancy occurs, abortion is resorted to in 90% of cases, which especially negatively affects the health of a woman, up to the development of endometriosis and uterine cancer.
The presence of chronic diseases of organs and systems, sexual dysfunction, bad habits - all this can be a contraindication to the appointment of oral contraceptives. After 45 years, the use of hormonal pills, injection implants, mini-pills is considered a promising contraception. At this age, oral contraception is contraindicated in obesity, severe hepatic or renal failure, diabetes mellitus. Femulen may be ideal with a low likelihood of side effects.
Basic rules for taking birth control pills
Traditionally, birth control pills taken on the first day of the onset of the active phase of the menstrual cycle, only then the tablets begin their active action. With irregular periods, you can start taking the drug from the first day of the cycle with the absolute exclusion of pregnancy. After childbirth, the tablets should be taken 3 weeks later (on 21 days), provided that there is no lactation. When saving breastfeeding taking oral contraceptives should be postponed for six months. After an abortion of any difficulty level, you should start taking contraceptives on the day of the operation.
Dosage regimen
Classic mode assumes the duration of the course is 21 days, after which they take a break of 7 days... Further, continuous reception of a new package is continued. The appearance of spotting between periods occurs during the interval between doses.
A complex scheme involves special treatment when pills are taken for 24 days, taking a 4-day break (24 + 4 scheme).
The prolonged regimen consists in the continuous use of tablets with active hormones. So, 63 days of monophasic tablets with a 7-day break. With this scheme, the discharge between periods is reduced by up to 4 times.
Adequate contraception is of interest to girls from the very first menstruation. The correct selection of hormonal pills not only protects against unplanned pregnancy but also greatly improves the appearance of a woman. At the same time, with the normalization of the hormonal background, the condition of the hair, nails, skin of the face and body improves. Modern drugs have practically no effect on a woman's weight, and in some cases hormonal treatment even allows you to lower it.
Dealing with the hormonal background on your own is a difficult task, so you need to rely on specialists for comfortable contraception without consequences for health and life.
Many women are afraid to take birth control pills for fear of side effects. Innovative technologies allow to produce contraceptive drugs containing a minimum amount of hormones and affecting exclusively the process of conception.
pharmachologic effect
New generation birth control pills contain a complex of progestogens and estrogens. These sex hormones inhibit the synthesis of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone) in the pituitary gland of the brain. As a result, the process of maturation of the egg and rupture of the follicle is blocked, so pregnancy cannot occur.
Oral contraceptives help thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to move and enter the uterus. After taking contraceptive pills, a secretory transformation of the endometrial layer occurs, even if spontaneous ovulation occurs, fertilization of the egg, the embryo cannot be implanted into the wall of the uterus.
Third-generation progestogens have a high affinity for hormonal progesterone receptors, so they can bind to them and have a contraceptive effect, blocking ovulation and the release of FSH, LH. At the same time, with androgen receptors, progestogens have a low affinity, which reduces the risk of side effects in the form of male hair growth, acne, excess weight, hair loss, irritability, etc.
The contraceptive effect of pills is mainly provided by progestogens, estrogens support the proliferation of the inner layer of the uterus, control the course of the menstrual cycle, replace the lack of estradiol, the synthesis of which is blocked along with ovulation. Thanks to synthetic estrogens, intermenstrual bleeding does not occur while taking modern birth control pills.
Depending on the composition of the active substances, COCs are distinguished - combined oral contraceptives containing progestogens + estrogens, and purely gestagenic contraceptive pills (mini-pills).
Taking into account the daily dosage of synthetic estrogens, COCs are classified:
- High-dosage contains up to 50 mcg / day. ethinyl estradiol.
- Low-dose contraceptives include no more than 35 mcg / day. estrogenic component.
- Microdose tablets are distinguished by the smallest amount, not exceeding 20 μg / day.
High-dose hormonal contraceptives are used only for medicinal purposes and for emergency protection after unprotected intercourse. Currently, low- and micro-dose contraceptives are preferred for preventing unwanted pregnancies.
Depending on the combination of progestogens and estrogens, COCs are divided into:
- Monophasic tablets are characterized by a constant daily dose of both sex hormones.
- Multiphasic contraceptives are characterized by a variable dosage of estrogen. This creates an imitation of wobble. hormonal balance in a woman's body with different phases menstrual cycle.
Tablets with low content hormones provide reliable protection against unplanned pregnancy (99%), are well tolerated, and allow you to control the menstrual cycle. After stopping the use of COCs, reproductive function is restored within 1–12 months.
except contraceptive action, oral contraceptives are prescribed for treatment, dysmenorrhea, reducing the volume of blood loss during menstruation, ovulatory pain, reducing the frequency of recurrence of inflammatory organ diseases genitourinary system... COCs reduce the risk of developing cancer of the endometrium of the uterus, ovaries, rectum, anemia, ectopic pregnancy.
Pros and cons of taking COCs
The main benefits of taking combined birth control pills include:
- high level of reliability - 99%;
- additional therapeutic effect;
- prevention of chronic diseases, cancerous tumors;
- fast contraceptive effect of pills;
- protection against ectopic pregnancy;
- accidental COC intake on early dates pregnancy is not dangerous;
- prevent the appearance of intermenstrual, dysfunctional uterine bleeding;
- contraceptives are suitable for long-term contraception;
- the ability to cancel pills if you want to get pregnant;
- the condition of the skin improves.
After a short-term intake of combined oral contraceptives (3 months), the sensitivity of hormonal receptors in the ovaries increases, therefore, after the abolition of COCs, an increased stimulation of ovulation and the release of gonadotropins occur - a rebound effect. This method of therapy helps women with anovulation to become pregnant.
The disadvantages of taking birth control pills include the high cost and possible side effects. Adverse manifestations are rare (10-30%), mainly in the first few months. Later, the condition of women returns to normal. The simultaneous intake of COCs and anticonvulsants, antituberculosis drugs, tetracyclines, antidepressants reduces therapeutic action contraceptive.
Common side effects include:
- irritability, aggressiveness, tendency to depression;
- migraine;
- swelling of the mammary glands;
- impaired glucose tolerance;
- increase in body weight;
- chloasma - the appearance age spots on the skin;
- acne, seborrhea;
- breakthrough bleeding;
- intermenstrual bleeding;
- thrombophlebitis;
- decreased libido;
- amenorrhea due to endometrial atrophy;
- increased blood pressure.
If the side effects persist after 3 months of taking contraceptives, the pills are canceled or replaced with other drugs. A complication such as thromboembolism is extremely rare.
Indications and contraindications for taking COCs
Combined oral contraceptives are suitable for women who have a regular sex life, suffering from painful, heavy periods, endometriosis, benign breast tumors. Perhaps prescribing birth control pills in the postpartum period if the mother is not breastfeeding.
Contraindications:
- thrombophlebitis;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system;
- diabetes;
- pregnancy or suspicion of possible conception;
- pancreatitis;
- inflammatory diseases, liver tumors;
- renal failure;
- lactation;
- uterine bleeding of unknown etiology;
- migraine;
- individual intolerance to the active ingredients.
When pregnancy occurs, taking birth control pills must be urgently canceled. But if a woman drank the medicine after conception, there is no significant risk for the intrauterine development of the child.
Dosing regimen for COCs
Contraceptives are selected individually for each woman. This takes into account the presence of diseases gynecological sphere accompanying systemic ailments, possible contraindications.
The doctor consults the patient on the rules for taking COCs, monitors for 3-4 months. During this period, the tolerance of the pills is assessed, a decision can be made to cancel or replace the contraceptive. Dispensary records are kept during the entire period of use of contraceptives.
The first-line drugs include monophasic COCs containing estrogen no more than 35 μg / day. and gestagens with a weak androgenic effect. Three-phase tablets are prescribed for primary or secondary estrogen deficiency, decreased sex drive, dry vaginal mucous membranes, menstrual irregularities.
After the start of taking birth control pills, side effects may occur in the form of smearing secretions, intermenstrual, breakthrough uterine bleeding caused by changes in hormonal levels. After 3 months, all symptoms should disappear. If the malaise persists, the drug is replaced taking into account the problems that have arisen.
Birth control pills are taken every day at the same time. For convenience, ordinal numbers are indicated on the blister. COCs start on the first day of the menstrual cycle and continue for 21 days. Then they take a break for 1 week, during this period, withdrawal bleeding is observed, ending after the start of a new package.
If you miss taking the next contraceptive pill, you must drink it no later than 12 hours later. If more time has passed, the contraceptive effect of the drug will be lower. Therefore, over the next 7 days, it is necessary to use additional barrier agents against unwanted pregnancy (condom, suppositories). It is impossible to interrupt the reception of COCs.
Reception schemes
Schemes for prolonged use of combined oral contraceptives for menstrual irregularities:
- Short dosing of birth control pills can extend your period between your periods by 1-4 weeks. Such schemes are used to delay spontaneous menstruation, prevent bleeding, and withdrawal after a course of oral contraceptives.
- Long-term dosing is prescribed to delay menstruation from 7 weeks to several months. Treatment with contraceptive pills is prescribed for anemia, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, hyperpolymenorrhea.
Some women prefer cyclic COC use with a seven-day break due to fear of pregnancy and infertility. Some patients believe that menstruation is a physiological process.
Popular combined oral contraceptives
Low hormone microdose tablets:
- The median is a monophasic estrogen-progestogenic COC. The drug contains drospirenone, which has an anti-mineral corticoid effect, prevents overweight, edema, acne, oily skin, seborrhea.
- contains ethinyl estradiol 20 mcg, dospirinone 3 mg. A contraceptive drug is prescribed for the purpose of contraception, for the treatment of severe acne, painful menstruation.
- Lindinet 20 tablets include ethinylestaradiol 20 mcg, gestodene - 75 mcg. Indicated for use when painful periods, at irregular cycle, for contraception.
- Zoely. Active ingredients: estradiol hemihydrate - 1.55 mg, nomegestrol acetate - 2.5 mg. Nomegestrol acetate is a highly selective progestogen with a similar structure to progesterone. The active ingredient has a mild androgenic activity, does not have a mineralocorticoid, estrogenic and glucocorticoid effect.
Mini drank
Popular contraceptive pills with minimal hormone content - mini-pills are an alternative method of contraception for women who should not take COCs. The composition of the preparations includes microdoses of progestin, an analogue of progesterone. One capsule contains 300-500 mcg / day. The effect of mini-pills is inferior to COCs, but they have a milder effect, they are recommended for women who have side effects after taking combined contraceptive pills.
Low-dose progestin-only drugs can be taken by the fairer sex during lactation, the active ingredient does not affect the taste of breast milk and does not reduce its volume. Unlike COCs, mini-pills do not cause blood thickening, do not contribute to thrombosis, increase in blood pressure, therefore they are allowed for use in cardiovascular pathologies, thrombophlebitis.
Contraceptive progestin-only pills do not affect ovulation; they thicken cervical mucus, preventing sperm from entering the uterine cavity and ovaries. In addition, the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes slows down, proliferative changes in the endometrium occur, which does not allow the embryo to implant in the event of fertilization of the egg. When taking progestogen drugs, the menstrual cycle and regular bleeding persist.
The contraceptive effect is achieved 3-4 hours after taking the pill and lasts for a day. Mini-pills provide 95% protection against unintended pregnancy.
Rules for the use of mini-saws
Before using contraceptives, women need to be examined by a gynecologist to exclude pregnancy and chronic diseases of the reproductive system. To get the desired result, you must strictly follow the rules for using the mini-saw:
- Taking pills starts from the first and continues on the 28th day of the menstrual cycle, they drink them continuously at the same time. Skipping the next contraceptive intake for more than 3 hours completely eliminates the contraceptive effect.
- During the first few weeks, nausea may be troubling, and usually this symptom gradually goes away. To reduce the discomfort, it is recommended to take the pill with meals.
- If, after taking the mini-drink, vomiting opens, the pill must be drunk again as soon as the state of health returns to normal. This recommendation also applies to diarrhea. For the next 7 days, you will need to use additional contraceptives (condoms) to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
- When switching from COCs, you need to drink mini-pills immediately after the end of the package of combined contraceptives.
- Pregnancy can occur in the first month after the progestogen pills are canceled. Ovulation occurs in 7-30 days (on average 17) at the end of the 56-day course.
- Women prone to the appearance of age spots (chloasma) after exposure to the sun should avoid prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
- With the simultaneous administration of mini-pili tablets and barbiturates, activated charcoal, laxatives, anticonvulsants, Rifampicin, the effectiveness of contraceptives becomes less.
- In the postpartum period, gestagenic contraceptives are prescribed on the first day of the onset of menstruation, but not earlier than 6 months after the birth of the child.
- After the abortion, the pills are started to be drunk immediately after the operation; additional contraception is not required.
- The contraceptive effect of the mini-pill is weakened if the gap between taking the next contraceptive pill is more than 27 hours. In the event that a woman has forgotten to take the medicine, it is necessary to do this as soon as possible and in the future, strictly follow the treatment regimen. During next week it is necessary to use additional means of protection against pregnancy.
Contraindications
It is contraindicated to take oral contraceptives with a low dose of hormones during pregnancy, with uterine bleeding of unexplained etiology, liver disease, taking steroids, exacerbation of herpes, liver failure. You can not take pills if ectopic pregnancies have previously occurred, if malignant tumors of the mammary glands are detected or suspected. Contraindication is lactose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption.
A decrease in the effectiveness of contraceptives can be observed in case of violation of the rules of admission, the use of laxatives, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, after vomiting, diarrhea. Against the background of gestagenic pills, irregular menstruation may appear. In such cases, it is necessary to stop taking mini-pills, exclude a possible pregnancy (including an ectopic one) and only then resume the course.
Side effects of birth control pills
Mini-pills have fewer side effects than COCs. The negative consequences of taking birth control pills include:
- vaginal candidiasis (thrush);
- nausea, vomiting;
- intermenstrual bleeding;
- intolerance to contact lenses;
- swelling of the mammary glands, discharge from the nipples;
- birth control causes weight gain;
- the appearance of chloasma;
- urticaria, erythema nodosum;
- headache;
- acne;
- breakthrough bleeding while taking medications that affect liver function;
- decreased libido;
- follicular ovarian cyst;
- amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea.
Mini-pills can increase the need for insulin in people with diabetes. Therefore, before taking birth control pills, it is necessary to consult with an endocrinologist and, if necessary, adjust the dosage of hypoglycemic agents. Women should constantly monitor their blood sugar levels during the first month of taking the mini-pill.
In rare cases, the use of gestagenic agents can provoke the development of thromboembolism. It should be borne in mind that women over 40 have an increased risk of developing breast cancer during treatment with hormonal drugs. If serious side effects appear, mini-pills are canceled.
If, after the onset of pregnancy, accidental use of contraceptives occurs, there is no risk to the fetus, but the further course of pills should be canceled. At high dosages of progestogens, masculinization of the female embryo can be observed. During lactation, some of the active substances of the drug penetrate into breast milk, but its taste does not change.
Popular mini-drank
- Femulene (ethynodiol).
- Exluton (linestrenol 0.5 mg).
- Charosetta. Active substance- desogestrel at a dosage of 75 mcg. The tablets do not cause significant violations of carbohydrate, lipid metabolism, hemostasis indicators.
- Microlut (levonorgestrel 0.03 mg).
- Continuin (ethynodiol acetate 0.5 mg).
The disadvantages of using gestagenic contraceptive pills include possible formation follicular cysts ovaries, menstrual irregularities, edema, weight gain, irritability. The contraceptive effect of mini-pills is lower than that of COCs, 90–97%.
Modern contraceptive drugs contain small doses of hormones, to a lesser extent provoke the development of side effects, provide reliable protection against unplanned pregnancy. The attending physician prescribes the tablets, taking into account the individual indications of the woman. The patient should be registered with the dispensary for the entire period of use of COCs or mini-pills. Particularly careful monitoring is carried out during the first 3-4 months from the beginning of the use of oral contraceptives.
Methods of contraception for women are considered. The names of the most common contraceptives sold in the pharmacy are presented.
Contraceptives are means that protect a woman from unwanted pregnancy. There are a lot of myths around hormonal pills. Many believe that taking them is accompanied by weight gain and the inability to become pregnant in the future. We will try to dispel or confirm dubious information regarding female contraceptives.
Why should women use contraceptives?
If you ask about the most popular contraceptive, the majority will answer that these are condoms. But this method is inconvenient and quite expensive if you have a constant sexual partner whom you trust.
Accordingly, contraceptives are used by women to prevent pregnancy and to get more vivid sensations during sex. Oral contraceptives are used medicinally to relieve skin problems and women's ailments.
What are the types of contraceptives for women?
Types of female contraceptives:
- Spermicide- ointments or gels containing substances that slow down the movement of sperm. These drugs thicken cervical mucus and prevent male cells from entering the uterus.
- Spiral- a small plastic or metal product. Placed by the doctor inside the uterus
- Oral contraceptives- pills based on female hormones. They can block ovulation or thicken cervical mucus
- Patch- hormonal contraceptive. Hormones enter the body through the skin
- Vaginal ring- a silicone or plastic ring that contains a small dose of hormones. Set for 21 days. This can be done on your own without the help of a doctor.
- Natural way – calendar method... Used on the basis of calculating periods of pregnancy and fertility
- Intercourse method- before ejaculation, the partner removes the penis from the vagina
Barrier contraceptives for women. Pros and cons
Barrier contraception is a method of preventing pregnancy by using mechanical barriers that prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity. Barrier contraception includes local chemicals that inhibit sperm activity. Barrier contraceptives include: sponge, diaphragm, cap, female condom, suppositories, ointments, gels.
Advantages:
- Can be used immediately before intercourse
- Protect against most sexually transmitted diseases (spermicides)
- High reliability
- Can be used by women who have given birth and who have not given birth
- Low price
- Rapid restoration of reproductive function
Disadvantages:
- Less reliability compared to hormonal contraceptives
- Often cause allergies and itching
- Reduce sensitivity
Chemical contraceptives for women
It is a barrier contraception based on the reduction of sperm activity using chemicals. They often cause allergies and burning sensations. High degree protection and low price. Below is a list of popular spermicides.
Non-hormonal contraceptives for women, list
These substances are used as barrier contraceptives. Their effectiveness is due to a decrease in sperm activity. Some of the remedies generally kill sperm.
List of chemical non-hormonal contraceptives:
- Pharmatex- a drug produced in the form of suppositories, sponges, cream and gel. This is a common spermicide that contains benzalkonium chloride, an antiseptic. Accordingly, the drug can be used when having sex with casual partners. Period of action 3 hours after insertion into the vagina
- Benatex- produced as vaginal pills and gel. Contains spermicide and antiseptic. There are no hormones in the drug, so the substance does not affect the menstrual cycle
- Pantex Oval- spermicide based on nonoxynol. Possesses antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before intercourse
- Conceptrol- comes in the form of suppositories and contains nonoxynol
- Gynecotex- spermicide based on benzalkonium chloride. It is a combined substance that kills viruses and bacteria, and also reduces locomotor activity sperm
Local contraceptives for women
These are chemical and mechanical means that either reduce the motility of sperm, or simply prevent them from entering the uterus.
Mechanical local contraceptives:
- Female condom- male analogue, inserted into the vagina. One edge is fixed on the cervix, and the other will remain outside. Accordingly, it protects not only from pregnancy, but also from infection with ailments transmitted during sex.
- Diaphragm- This is a latex or rubber domed cap. It is put on the cervix and simply prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus. Can be used multiple times. The doctor selects this contraceptive, since the sizes of the diaphragm are different. After childbirth or due to weight gain, a larger diaphragm must be purchased
- Cervical cap- a product made of soft rubber. It is put on the cervix according to the principle of a suction cup. Negative pressure is generated by the compression of the cap and is securely held in place. Low degree of protection due to the possibility of distortion of the cap during intercourse.
Hormonal contraceptives for women
- Preparations containing the hormones estrogen and progestin. They change the composition and viscosity of cervical mucus, which makes it impossible for sperm to enter the vagina. Some combination contraceptives inhibit ovulation. Accordingly, the egg does not mature, so pregnancy is impossible.
- Mechanical products with low progestin content: patch, injections and subcutaneous implants. The most convenient can be considered a patch - this is a relatively new contraceptive. It contains ethinyl estradiol and norelgestromin - synthetic analogs of female hormones. Hormones enter the bloodstream through the skin. Small amounts of hormones are released each day. The action of the patch is based on reducing the thickness of the uterine lining, to which the embryo cannot attach. In addition, the patch inhibits the work of the ovaries and prevents the growth of the dominant follicle containing the egg.
Contraception injections for women. Pros and cons
In our country, this method of contraception is unpopular. This is due to the high price of the drug and the mistrust of women. The injection is given once every 3 months intramuscularly. It is necessary that the injection is administered on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.
The essence of the use of the drug lies in the fact that it contains progesterone, which thickens the lining of the uterus and thickens cervical mucus.
In addition, ovulation is suppressed. The injections can be used by those who have given birth and nulliparous women... In the world, not a single case of infertility has been registered after drug withdrawal. Although reproductive function is restored in 6-12 months.
Advantages:
- The efficiency is 99%
- There is no need to constantly calculate the days of the menstrual cycle
- Suitable for women who smoke
- It has medicinal properties and contributes to the disappearance of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia
Oral contraceptives for women, video
Oral contraceptives are well-known contraceptive pills with a combined hormonal composition. On the video you can watch the speech of a gynecologist regarding COCs.
Video: Oral contraceptives
Contraception for women after childbirth
Please note that combined contraceptives cannot be taken during breastfeeding. They affect the amount of breast milk.
- Mini drank
- Hormonal injections
- Intrauterine device
- Remember, after childbirth, you can not have sex for a month, respectively, after the cessation of discharge, you can resume sexual activity
- If you have a regular sexual partner, then it makes sense to put a spiral or take hormonal contraceptives based on gestagens. These are synthetic hormones similar in their action to progesterone. It does not suppress lactation, does not harm the baby's health, since a very insignificant amount of the drug penetrates into the milk
- It used to be thought that it was possible to use natural contraception after the birth of a baby. That is, due to the development of lactational amenorrhea, when there is no menstruation, it is safe to have sex. But now many doctors note the ineffectiveness of the method. Some women ovulate spontaneously, leading to an unplanned pregnancy
Contraception for nulliparous women
Many young girls are wary of taking hormonal oral contraceptives. they think they will get very well and become unattractive. This is not true, since most women do not gain weight at all or have a slight weight gain of 2-3 kg.
There are rumors about numerous cases of infertility after the cancellation of COCs. This is also a myth, since reproductive function is restored after 3-8 months. Some girls managed to conceive a child in the first month after the abolition of contraceptives.
But if you do decide to take COCs, then seek help from your doctor, he will prescribe a drug with minimal doses of progestins and estrogens. Most often, young girls are prescribed Novinet, Jazz, Yarina.
They improve the condition of the skin, make periods less painful. COCs are not used for cystic changes in the ovaries and with endometriosis.
Ideal for nulliparous women who have a long-term sexual partner are the following ways:
- Barrier contraceptives
- Condoms
An intrauterine device is not installed in nulliparous girls due to the possibility of development pain syndrome and uterine bleeding after removal of the spiral.
Emergency contraception is used in such cases:
- Rape
- Skipping COCs
- Damage to the condom
- Sexual intercourse without protection
These are drugs that cause the endometrium to detach from the uterus. Thus, menstruation begins and sperm is simply carried away from the uterus along with the blood. Recommended to be taken no later than 24-72 hours after sexual intercourse. Here are the names of some emergency contraceptives: Postinor, Escapel, Mifegin, Miropriston.
The best contraceptives for women over 30. Video
- Usually, by the age of 30, a woman already has a child and a regular sexual partner. In this case, an intrauterine device is considered an ideal option.
- A progesterone coil is often prescribed. Such contraceptives are indicated for women with endometriosis and other estrogen-dependent diseases. The most popular hormonal spiral is Mirena. Its cost is high, but its validity period is 3-5 years.
- In women who have given birth after 30, medium-dose combined oral contraceptives are used. They contain more hormones, this is due to physiological characteristics organism at this age. Among such drugs are Diane, Chloe, Dimulen
VIDEO: Contraceptives for women
Contraceptives for women over 45. Which ones to choose?
- At this age, many women have chronic ailments and excess weight. That is why classical COCs are not prescribed
- For such women, three-phase drugs have been developed, with a minimal androgenic effect. Often before menopause, mini-pills are prescribed - progestin-only contraceptives. Since many women who have given birth have endometrial hyperplasia and endometriosis
- It is best after 45 years to put hormonal coil Mirena. It will help not only not to get pregnant, but also to restore the lining of the uterus. Such a spiral significantly reduces the risk of developing uterine cancer.
- After the birth of a second or third child, a woman can be sterilized. This is an operation to ligate the fallopian tubes. Now such an operation is performed without the use of scalpels, by the method of laparoscopy.
Contraceptives for breastfeeding women. Features of the choice of contraceptives for breastfed women
- The ideal option is mini-drinks or Depo-Provera (progestin) injections. They do not affect lactation, do not affect the health of the baby in any way. But in most cases, women do not want to take any medications during lactation, so they use barrier methods of contraception.
- It is not worth using for contraception the absence of menstruation during lactation. This method only works if you have never missed a feed, that is, the break between attachments was no more than 3 hours.
Women's contraceptive pills. Which ones to choose?
- Low-dose drugs... Assigned to nulliparous girls, they contain a minimum of hormones (Jazz, Novinet)
- Medium dosage drugs prescribed for women over 30 years old (Diana)
- Progestational drugs should be taken in the presence of endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia (Norkolut, Mini-pili)
Do not buy birth control pills yourself on the advice of a friend or pharmacist.
The doctor must assess your health condition and only then prescribe a specific drug. What works for your friend may not work for you. With endometrial hyperplasia and adenomyosis, drugs with a high content of estrogen should not be taken. From this, the mucous membrane thickens and the problem is aggravated.
Traditional contraceptives. Recipes
- Douching with a weakly acidic solution. Usually a tablespoon is added to a glass of water. acetic acid or lemon juice
- Calendar method. The periods of pregnancy before and after menstruation are calculated. Safe is considered 5 days before and after menstruation.
- Rowan flower remedy. To prepare the substance, pour 200 ml of boiling water over a tablespoon of flowers. Insist an hour and strain. Take 100 ml before each meal.
- Withdrawal of intercourse
- Douching weak solution potassium permanganate
Traditional medicine offers many methods of emergency contraception that cause rejection of the ovum during pregnancy. Almost after using each of these means, the woman is taken by ambulance from uterine bleeding... Cleaning is carried out in the hospital. There are known cases of death due to blood poisoning due to rotting of the fetus inside the uterus.
The importance of contraceptives in maintaining a woman's reproductive health
Combined oral contraceptives for correct application and the appointment of a doctor prolong the youth of a woman. Oddly enough, after drug withdrawal, even women aged 45-55 can become pregnant. This is due to the fact that at birth, each girl's ovaries contain the rudiments of future dominant follicles.
When taking COCs, there is no ovulation, which means that this potential dominant follicle saved until next time. In medicine, this phenomenon is called Anti-Müllerian hormone. With a high content of it, a woman can become pregnant. With a very low concentration of this hormone, a woman will not be able to get pregnant even with IVF, since the supply of eggs has been exhausted.
The effect of contraceptives on a woman's body
If you take the drugs correctly and as prescribed by the doctor, then the effect of the drugs will be positive. Many of the COCs are designed to treat reproductive ailments in women. Try to change the contraceptive once a year, as the body often gets used to it and spontaneous pregnancy can occur.
How to protect yourself without pills and spirals?
Despite their inefficiency, the following methods are still popular:
- Calendar
- Withdrawal of intercourse
- Douching with potassium permanganate or vinegar solution after sex
- For confidence, use barrier methods of contraception
- The easiest way to use a condom
- With a regular sexual partner, you can use spermicidal gels and suppositories.
About hormonal contraceptives, you can find a lot of positive and negative reviews... In most cases, the negative experience is associated with the use of a drug that was not prescribed by a doctor, but recommended by a friend or pharmacist.
- Often after miscarriages, low-dose COCs are prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle. After canceling them, many women managed to get pregnant.
- Young girls who have not given birth have better skin conditions, less acne, and less painful periods.
- In general, taking hormonal contraceptives has a positive effect on a woman's health. It's much safer than recovering from an abortion or miscarriage.
The final decision on the use of contraceptives is made by the woman. Remember, no amount of persuasion from your partner and the pleasure of intercourse without a condom and contraceptives is not worth your health. Therefore, always use contraception and consult a good gynecologist. Health to you.
VIDEO: Consequences of hormone therapy
The article is devoted to the analysis of the positive and negative aspects of the use of contraceptive pills and their assessment potential harm for women's health:
The first part of the article contains information on classification, contraindications, side effects and the benefits of taking hormonal oral contraceptives.
The second part analyzes the potential risk of long-term effects from taking drugs for perfectly healthy women.
Women need to be careful about forward-looking forecasting own health... It is worth considering the following factor - each intervention in a delicate and sensitive mechanism natural processes occurring in the female body, can result in both minor and tragic consequences.
Every woman should weigh her decision to take or refuse birth control pills after consulting a gynecologist. You should not recklessly refuse these drugs, but it is imperative to analyze all the risks of long-term contraception with the use of oral contraceptives.
Among all other forms wide range of contraceptives offered by consumers by the pharmaceutical industry, hormonal pills to prevent unwanted pregnancies are the leaders in consumer demand. Unfortunately, many women "assign" them to themselves on their own, without thinking about side effects and contraindications to taking these drugs. Correction of the duration of the use of pills, and, most importantly, their choice is carried out exclusively by a gynecologist based on the study of the woman's anamnesis and the results of laboratory tests.
Types of oral contraceptives:
COCs (combined oral contraceptives),
Mini drank.
The main active ingredient of COC is one of the progestogens (norethisterone, norgestrel, desogestrel, gestodene, etc.) and ethinyl estradiol (analogue of the hormone estrogen).
Types of COCs depending on the ratio of hormones:
Monophasic drugs In each tablet of drugs in this group, the percentage of the progestogenic and estrogenic components is unchanged |
Desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol: Regulon (280-320 rubles) |
Ethinyl estradiol and dienogest: Janine (800 rubles) Siloet (400 rubles) |
Gestodene and ethinyl estradiol: Lindinet (280-350 r), Logest (720 rubles), Femoden (580-680 rubles) |
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Microginon (320 rubles) |
Minisiston (370 rubles) |
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Biphasic drugs The dose of estrogen in all pills is the same, the dose of gestagen varies depending on the period of the menstrual cycle |
Femoston Dydrogesterone + Estradiol (700-800 rubles). |
(Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel): Anteovin, Binordiol, Secularum, Adepal, Sequilar, Bifazil Binovum (Ethinylestradiol + Horethisterone) Neo-Eunomine (Ethinylestradiol + Chlormadinone Acetate) |
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Three-phase drugs Doses of estrogen and gestagen change three times depending on the period of the menstrual cycle |
Tri-Regol (200 rubles) |
Three-Mersey (650 rub.) |
Triziston |
The mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives is blocking the formation of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the pituitary gland, resulting in inhibition of ovulation. At the same time, the functioning of the ovaries and the structure of the endometrium change. Glandular regression of the mucous membrane makes it impossible for a fertilized egg to attach to the wall of the uterus. The mucus in the cervical canal becomes thicker, so the movement of sperm into the uterus is difficult.
Classification of COCs according to the degree of concentration active ingredients :
Microdose oral contraceptives. The content of hormones is minimal, the drugs are recommended for those who use COC for the first time, as well as for young women under 25 years of age. Monophasic drugs of this group: Zoely, Jess, Minisiston, Dimia, Novinet, Logest, Minisiston, Mersilon, Klayra three-phase drug.
Low-doseoral contraceptives. The drugs have an antiandrogenic effect, when they are used, the growth of unwanted hair, greasiness of the face and scalp, seborrhea, and acne are reduced. Recommended for young and middle-aged women who have given birth, as well as for those for whom micro-dosage drugs are not suitable, as there are spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle. The drugs of this group are: Diana, Janine, Minisiston, Rigevidon, Yarina (Midiana), Tri-Mercy, Regulon, Belara, Femoden, Lindinet, Marvelon, Chloe, Silest, Desmulen, Mikroginon.
High-dose oral contraceptives. The content of hormones in the drugs of this group is quite high; they are prescribed for the treatment of hormonal disorders or pathologies of the female genital area (endometriosis) solely as prescribed by a doctor. Preparations: Non-ovlon, Trizeston, Trikvilar, Tri-regol, Ovidon.
Mini drank. The drugs in this group contain only a progestogen, they act on limited areas of the female genital organs. The active ingredient in mini-pili changes the composition and amount of mucus in the cervical canal, which prevents the movement of sperm into the uterus. As a result of taking drugs, the morphology and biochemistry of the endometrium changes, thereby creating the impossibility of egg implantation. Half of women using mini-pills for contraception? ovulation does not occur. Preparations of this group with linestrenol as an active substance (Orgametril, Eksluton, Microlut), with desogestrel (Charosetta, Laktinet).
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Charosetta (800 rubles) desogestrel |
Lactinet (530 rubles) desogestrel |
Organometrile (1100 rubles) linestrenol |
Exluton (1250 rubles) linestrenol |
How Do I Pick a Good Birth Control Pill?
The choice of oral contraceptives should not be trusted by friends or a pharmacy pharmacist, you should not prescribe them yourself. To choose pills for contraception, you need to visit a gynecologist. The doctor will analyze the patient's history, genetic predisposition to the main diseases of the risk group, will assess possible contraindications.
As a result of a medical examination, the following indicators are assessed:
The weight, blood pressure;
The condition of the skin, the presence of excessive hair growth on the body;
Signs of an overabundance of androgens;
The condition of the mammary glands (by palpation);
Analysis of blood biochemistry, blood sugar, liver enzymes, hormonal levels;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and mammary glands (mammography);
Analysis of smears from the vagina and cervical canal;
The condition of the pelvic organs (examination in the mirrors);
Assessment of the state of the organs of vision (examination by an ophthalmologist).
The choice of contraceptive pills is based on the type of woman's constitution.
Parameters of the constitutional-biological type:
Growth, features of appearance;
Breast volume;
Type of pubic hair;
Skin and hair condition;
Features of menstruation and premenstrual symptoms;
Existing somatic pathologies.
Female phenotypes and most suitable oral contraceptives:
The predominance of estrogen
The phenotype is feminine, with dry skin and hair, short and medium height, long periods with a lot of blood loss, menstrual cycle over 4 weeks. For women with a predominance of estrogen, contraceptives with a high and medium dose of hormones are recommended: Rigevidon, Triziston, Milvane, etc.
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Milvane (ethinyl estradiol and gestodene): Logest (720 rubles) Femoden (600-650 rubles) Lindinet ( average price 320 rbl) |
Rigevidon (price 180 rubles), Microginon (320 rubles), Minisiston (370 rubles) Tri-regol (200 rubles), Trikvilar (530 rubles), Triziston |
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Equal amount of estrogen and androgen
The phenotype is feminine, with developed mammary glands of medium size, medium height, oily skin and hair are normal, PMS is absent, the menstrual cycle lasts 4 weeks, menstruation is 5 days. New generation drugs are recommended: Mikroginon, Silest, Femoden, Marvelon, Lindinet-30 and others.
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Ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel: Marvelon (630 rubles), Novinet (330 rubles), Regulon (280-320), Three-merci (650r) Mersilon (630 rub) |
Ethinylestradiol and Norgestimate: |
Eethinyl estradiol and gestodene (Milvane): Lindinet (280-350 rubles), Logest (720 rubles), Femoden (600-650 rubles) |
Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel: Rigevidon (180r), Tri-regol (200 rub) Microginon (320 rub), Minisiston (370r) Trikvilar (530r), Triziston |
The predominance of androgens (gestagens)
Phenotype - high growth, underdeveloped mammary glands, oily skin and hair above normal, PMS in the form of depression and pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, scanty menstruation with a short cycle of less than 28 days. Recommended drugs: Jess, Janine, Yarina, Diane-35.
Yarina (price 800 rubles) |
Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone: Jess (820 rub) |
Ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone: Dimia (550 rubles) |
Nomegestrol and Estradiol: Zoely (1000 rubles) |
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Ethinyl estradiol and dienogest: Janine (800 rubles), Siloet (400 rubles) |
Ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone: Diane35 (820 rubles), Chloe35 (450 rubles), Erica35 (360 rub) |
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How to take hormonal oral contraceptives correctly?
A standard one cycle contraceptive pill blister contains 21 pcs. Exceptions: Jess (a new generation drug for young women) - 24 tablets, Klayra ( modern drug for women over 35) - 28 tablets.
Rules for taking oral contraceptives:
Emergency and non-hormonal contraception
To prevent unwanted pregnancy during unprotected intercourse, a woman can use emergency contraception. The most famous drugs from this group are Postinor and Escapel. Postinor is used no later than 72 hours after sexual intercourse without contraception.
First, a woman should take 1 pill, after 12 hours a second. Conventional oral contraceptives (COCs) can also be used as an emergency contraception. It is important that the tablet contains at least 0.25 mcg of levonorgestrel and at least 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol. Immediately after intercourse, you should take 2 tablets of oral contraceptive, after 12 hours, repeat the intake in the same dose.
Prescribing emergency contraceptives is an exceptional indication (rape, damaged barrier contraception). According to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, such drugs should not be used more than 4 times a year. In Russia, they are used by women on an ongoing basis, which is fundamentally wrong. Emergency contraceptive drugs are abortifacient and harm a woman's reproductive capacity.
Non-hormonal birth control pills are spermicides that are used topically for contraception.
The main active ingredient of these contraceptives serves as a kind of barrier to the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. An additional effect of non-hormonal contraceptives is an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect.
Method of application - the introduction of the drug intravaginally 10-15 minutes before the intended sexual intercourse. Preparations of this group: Pharmatex, Patentx Oval, Benatex and others.
Pros of using hormonal birth control pills
If we compare barrier contraceptives and modern contraceptive pills of the new generation, then all the advantages will be on the side of the latter.
Pros of using oral contraceptives, taken on the recommendation of a gynecologist:
Almost 100% effective method of contraception;
Available for use by women of any age;
Against their background, the menstrual cycle becomes regular, menorrhagias disappear;
There is a cosmetic effect - hirsutism, acne, and seborrhea of the hairline are reduced;
The woman gains psychological comfort, as the fear of unwanted pregnancy disappears;
It becomes possible to regulate the time of the onset of menstruation;
Presumably, there is a therapeutic effect in mastopathy, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, uterine myoma (this question remains open, since most of the research is funded by the manufacturers of the app);
Fertility does not suffer, fertility is restored after 2-6 cycles, maximum after a year.
To obtain an objective picture, the arguments against taking oral contraceptives should be analyzed. In any case, a woman should make a decision, armed with knowledge about the benefits and dangers of long-term use of drugs.
Cons of using birth control pills
Modern drug production is the same business as construction, trade and any other sectors of the economy. The more often the drugs have to be taken, the more benefit their manufacture brings to the manufacturers. It can be assumed how beneficial it is to manufacture the contraceptive pill, which should be taken every day by millions of women around the world. Independent experts from the United States have conducted several studies over the past decade, the results of which can be shocking.
Consequences of taking oral contraceptives in nulliparous women (according to research):
Breast cancer risk;
Increased risk liver cancer;
Increased blood sugar levels;
The appearance of pigmentation on the skin of the face and body.
The centers of hormonal regulation are the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, connected with peripheral glands that produce hormones (ovaries, adrenal glands, thyroid), perform the functions intended by nature in the human body. The ovaries use this system to interact with all organs of the woman. Each cycle the uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg, and this delicate balance can disrupt any outside interference.
Doses of hormones given daily with birth control pills alter the function of the uterus and ovaries. Oral contraceptives suppress ovulation and ovarian activity, and egg production is impaired. These violations are reflected in the work of the higher regulatory centers. hormonal system... Over the years and even decades of taking contraceptive drugs, there is a change in the uterine endometrium. Its uneven rejection is manifested by bleeding and dark discharge in the middle of the cycle. Transformation of the upper layer of the endometrium is dangerous by the appearance oncological diseases v .
The lack of demand for hormones produced by the ovaries leads to a decrease in their amount, malnutrition and the size of the ovaries. Hormonal "jolt" at the beginning of taking contraceptives and during the period of their cancellation - stress for the reproductive system of a woman. That is why fertility takes so long to recover (up to a year), and in some cases it does not recover at all.
The negative effects of taking birth control pills:
In the presence of serious contraindications, women are prohibited from taking oral contraceptives in order to avoid fatal venous thrombosis, the development of an oncological process;
The excretion of vitamins b 2, b 6 is accelerated, which leads to skin diseases, damage nervous system(irritability, insomnia, weakness, increased fatigue);
Getting by the body is impaired folic acid necessary for conception and pregnancy, marketing ploy pharmaceutical companies its inclusion in the composition of hormonal drugs is most often not confirmed in practice;
At long-term use birth control pills doubles the risk of developing glaucoma, according to research from the University of California, among 3500 women who took OC, glaucoma is more common than among those who do not take such drugs;
Increased risk of developing osteoporosis, increasing after 40 years;
The risk of developing Crohn's disease in women who have been taking oral contraceptives for 5 or more years increases 3 times (according to a study conducted with 230 thousand women);
Oncological tensions in recent decades, imperfect diagnostics of cancer on initial stage without the manifestation of obvious symptoms, can lead to the fact that a woman who is at an early stage of this disease will take contraceptives and cause a sharp growth of the tumor.
Increased risk of developing brain tumors by 1.5-3 times with prolonged use of OC (according to scientists from Denmark);
Increased blood clots in the vessels of the brain, cardiac and pulmonary arteries, which increases the risk of stroke and premature death from thromboembolism, which is more common smoking women, patients with hypertension and genetic predisposition;
The emergence venous insufficiency- vascular "asterisks", swelling of the legs, a feeling of heaviness, pain and, varicose veins, the appearance of trophic ulcers;
Increased risk of inflammatory diseases of the cervical canal, breast tumors;
Fertility disorders, problems with conception and bearing;
Failure to protect against sexually transmitted diseases;
The appearance of pigmentation on the skin of the face and body;
The development of depression;
Decreased sex drive;
The possibility of skipping reception time, errors in use, the need for self-control;
The need to visit a gynecologist;
High price birth control pills.
According to statistics provided by WHO, about 100 million women worldwide use oral contraceptives. This huge market brings in colossal profits, so the truth about the dangers of OK is detrimental to the interests of manufacturers.
Public organizations create their own lobby, the purpose of which is to draw the attention of women to the dangers of oral contraceptives, as well as to prohibit especially dangerous drugs... The result of this is the recommendations of American and European gynecologists to use condoms to protect against unwanted pregnancies and genital infections. A hormonal patch and an ectopic spiral can play the same role.
Promotion of the dangers of contraceptive pills, a number of deaths and litigation in the USA and Europe led to the prohibition of the drug Diane-35. According to surveys, 67% of Europeans aged 16 to 64 use condoms for contraception, 16% use a hormonal patch, and 7% use a spiral. Only about 10% of those surveyed use oral contraceptives.
Education: Diploma of the Russian State Medical University named after NI Pirogov with a degree in General Medicine (2004). Residency at the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, diploma in Endocrinology (2006).
Reception begins on the first day of menstruation, it is continued daily at the same hour selected for this.
The rule for the forgetful is to put a blister with pills where it will constantly catch your eye (attach it with a magnet to the refrigerator door, put it in a cosmetic bag, to a glass with a toothbrush).
Take 1 tablet daily until the end of them in the blister, then take a break for 7 days, during which there will be bleeding like menstruation.
After seven days, you need to start a new blister with contraceptives, regardless of whether the bleeding has ended or not.
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