The child is vomiting what to do. What to do if a child has vomiting without diarrhea and fever: probable causes of the onset and methods of treating unpleasant symptoms. Diseases of other organs and systems

Vomiting in a child is an indicator that something is happening in his body. However, figuring out what exactly caused the vomiting can be tricky. This is especially difficult when there are no other symptoms such as fever and diarrhea.

Most importantly, remember: vomiting is not a diagnosis, but only a symptom. This means that the reasons for it can be different. Therefore, the first thing to do is to understand the reasons.

Vomiting in a child requires identifying the cause

Causes of vomiting

To understand the causes of vomiting in children without fever, it is imperative to consider their age. Some causes of vomiting are common in children of all ages, and some are specific to a specific age group.

Regurgitation. Regurgitation is a reaction that is characteristic only of infants. The fact is that when feeding a baby, air enters the esophagus along with milk. To remove excess air, there is a regurgitation mechanism. Normally, in children, regurgitation occurs no more than four times a day. If this happens more often, it is best to show your baby to a doctor.
Overfeeding. With excess feeding, excess milk is excreted from the body through vomiting. This happens once and there is no need to worry in this situation.
Pylorospasm. It happens when a child has a spasm of a valve between the stomach and intestines. The spasm prevents food from passing into the intestines and the food is pushed back into the esophagus. With this problem, you should consult a doctor. The solution may be to switch to antireflux mixtures - specialized mixtures that reduce vomiting.
Pyloric stenosis. Here, the same thing happens as in pylorospasm, only this pathology is congenital and permanent. Vomiting with pyloric stenosis is more profuse. The baby quickly loses fluid and weight, so it is extremely important to take action as soon as possible. Only a quick detection of pathology and surgical intervention at an early age can help here.
Cardiospasm. With cardiospasm, the child's esophagus expands when food enters, but the lower esophageal sphincter remains narrowed. For this reason, food does not move further and vomiting occurs. The baby can vomit either while eating or immediately after eating. In addition, sometimes chest pain is associated with cardiospasm. In case of cardiospasm, the doctor prescribes the necessary medications, and if they are ineffective, surgery.
Acetonic crisis. The causes of this problem have not yet been established. Poor dietary habits, junk food, emotional outbursts, impaired homeostasis, or intestinal infections are likely. Characteristic symptom acetone crisis - the smell of acetone from the mouth. It is also accompanied by nausea, weakness and headache. In addition, the vomiting itself is strong and prolonged. Acetonic syndrome occurs in children between two and five years of age. If you find it, contact your doctor.
Inflammation of the digestive system. This includes a whole group of diseases: gastritis, stomach ulcers, pancreatitis, cholesticitis and others. Vomiting with such diseases is frequent and regular, with admixtures of bile and mucus. In addition, sometimes inflammation digestive organs accompanied by diarrhea. Suitable treatment the doctor prescribes.
Intestinal intussusception. This problem is associated with a blockage of the intestine and, as a result, its obstruction. In addition to vomiting, it is often accompanied by diarrhea and severe abdominal pain. As a treatment, either medications or surgery are prescribed.
Food poisoning. A child can be poisoned by anything, and it is far from always possible to establish the cause of the poisoning. Symptoms are varied: sometimes vomiting is accompanied by diarrhea and fever, and sometimes it is a single reaction to indigestion. In case of food poisoning, most often it is not required additional treatment... When the body is cleansed of harmful substances, vomiting will go away on its own. Otherwise, you should see a doctor.
Metabolic disorders. With such problems, the child's body may simply not absorb certain substances. An example of such a disorder is diabetes mellitus. Metabolic disorders are most often hereditary, so if any of the relatives had similar disorders, it is worth checking the child. Verification is carried out by passing required analyzes... If it turns out that the child is really intolerant to any foods, these foods are removed from the diet.
Virus. One of the possible causes of vomiting is intestinal infection, or rotavirus infection... This type of infection is accompanied by abdominal pain, diarrhea, and general weakness of the body. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor.
Brain pathologies or neurological disorders. Sometimes neurological disorders can develop even during intrauterine development or due to trauma during childbirth. Due to such congenital abnormalities, vomiting occurs. In addition, nausea is a common symptom of a concussion or tumor in the brain. It is accompanied by dizziness and migraines. If you suspect a pathology or injury in the brain, an urgent need to consult a doctor.
Hit foreign body into the esophagus. This reason quite likely for children under three years of age. V small age children pull everything into their mouths. It is worth not looking a little, and the baby can easily swallow foreign object... This is indicated following symptoms: pain when swallowing, shortness of breath, trouble swallowing food and restless behavior. An x-ray will help to identify this cause, so if you suspect that your child has swallowed an object, immediately take him to a doctor.
Appendicitis. Appendicitis occurs almost exclusively in older children. It occurs very rarely in babies. The main symptom of appendicitis is a sharp pain in the abdomen. In addition, a slight fever and diarrhea are sometimes possible.
Psychogenic vomiting. This kind vomiting occurs exclusively in children over three years of age, and it is most typical for adolescents. The reason here, as the name implies, lies in the psyche. Occurs with fear or overexcitement. The emergence of neurotic vomiting signals the child's rejection of something on the part of the parents. If vomiting is persistent, the treatment should be entrusted to a psychotherapist.

Regurgitation in infants is a physiological process

Diagnostic features

Treatment of vomiting is a useless exercise, because vomiting in a child without a fever is not in itself a disease.?

Vomiting only indicates the presence of problems in the body. Therefore for successful treatment you must first diagnose the cause.

Diagnostics is carried out using the following methods:

Visual inspection. This method consists in a visual examination of the vomit by a doctor and different characteristics(color, odor, consistency, presence of impurities) determination of the diagnosis.
Laboratory research. A method that helps to confirm or deny a diagnosis.
Instrumental diagnostics. It consists in examining the child using various instruments - ultrasound, X-ray, FGDS, ECG.

After confirming the diagnosis, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Do not force-feed the child after vomiting.

Vomiting treatment

The following doctors are involved in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in a baby:

Pediatrician. General specialist in pediatric diseases. With the problem that has arisen, you must first go to him, and already from the pediatrician you will receive a referral to narrower specialists.
Gastroenterologist. Specialist dealing with problems with the gastrointestinal tract. Depending on the severity of the problem, treatment is prescribed both at home and in a hospital. When treating problems with the gastrointestinal tract, a strict diet and strict adherence to the doctor's prescriptions are important: in no case should you forget to take pills or skip prescribed procedures.
Surgeon. A surgeon is appointed only if urgent situations requiring surgical intervention: pyloric stenosis, appendicitis, intestinal obstruction and similar diseases.
Neurologist or neuropathologist. Direction to this specialist issued in the event that vomiting is associated with diseases of the central nervous system or brain pathologies. Treatment is usually medication.
Psychotherapist. At psychogenic causes ah referral is given to a psychotherapist or child psychologist.

First aid

What if the child vomited at night, but there was no temperature? Do I need to call an ambulance? The answer depends on the condition of the child.
? If the vomiting was single, and there are no other symptoms, then it is better not to panic and wait out the night.?

If the child continues to vomit, and besides this is accompanied by other symptoms, then it is better not to risk it and call an ambulance.

While the ambulance is on the way, parents can provide first aid to ease the child's condition a little. What do we have to do?

Drinking plenty of fluids mandatory when vomiting

Monitor the condition of the child. You cannot leave him alone, especially if it is Small child... Track any deterioration.
To cleanse oral cavity after each attack. After vomiting, flush your child's mouth to keep vomit from leaving.
Make sure that the baby does not lie on its back, face up. He should lie either on his side or with his head turned to the side. This is necessary so that during an attack the child does not suffocate with vomit. Babies should be held upright in their arms.
Ventilate the room. To keep the baby from getting so sick, he needs fresh air. Therefore, provide fresh air to the room.
Don't force your child to eat. The famous pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky says that the amount of food should be limited. An exception is babies, but even they should not be overfeeded.
Give water constantly. When vomiting, the body actively loses water, therefore, in order to prevent dehydration, it is necessary to regularly give water to the child in small portions.

Treatment with folk methods

If you do not like to feed your child with medications and try to once again do not take your child to the doctors, then methods will come to your aid traditional medicine... It is important to note that folk treatment permissible only in cases where the child's condition is not critical. If vomiting is accompanied by other symptoms, is too profuse and poses a direct danger to the child, see a doctor.

Remember that if a child is seriously ill, only a doctor can cure him. Traditional methods are aimed only at alleviating the condition of a person and strengthening his body.

Therefore, before starting to treat your child folk remedies, it is better to consult a doctor in order to exclude the likelihood of pathologies and a critical condition. If there is no danger to the child's health, then you can start treatment.

Freshly squeezed blackcurrant juice relieves nausea through the sour taste and vitamin C. But giving it one year old child, for example, you cannot. It is permissible to give juice only to children from three years old.
If the baby is nauseous, it should not be fed too vigorously. However, he needs something to replenish energy. An excellent option would be croutons, it is better from white bread... They are not heavy food, they do not provoke nausea, but at the same time they allow the body to recuperate.
Green tea helps relieve nausea and also relieves discomfort after vomiting.
Quince also helps to cope with feelings of nausea, and in a baked form. Besides, she is rich useful vitamins and microelements, which helps to strengthen the body.
After vomiting, it is good for a baby to drink water with honey and lemon. One glass warm water add one teaspoon of honey and half a teaspoon lemon juice... This mixture is an excellent alternative to regular water: it saturates the body useful microelements and vitamins, and at the same time does not allow it to dehydrate.
If vomiting is psychogenic in nature, sedatives will come to the rescue: chamomile solution or mint tea.
If the vomiting is caused by the fact that the child is seasick on the road, you can give him a lollipop flavored with mint or lemon.

Treatment - advice from Dr. Komarovsky

Prophylaxis

As you know, prevention is the most best treatment... Therefore, in order not to face such a problem that the child can suddenly vomit without any apparent reasons, you need to take care of your baby and follow the tips below.

“Adequate nutrition is extremely important. The body must be saturated with all useful microelements and vitamins, so the diet must be varied. However, it is better to feed the baby in small portions throughout the day than in large portions three times a day - this helps better absorption of food.
Also, do not forget about regular intake of fluids. Give your child only purified water, natural juices and herbal teas.
? Sleep is critical to normal functioning organism. Normally, the duration of sleep in children should be at least eight hours, and even longer in infants.
? Your child needs frequent visits to fresh air... This saturates the child's body with oxygen and prevents physical inactivity.
? It is important to follow mental state child. Constant stress, a depressing family or school environment is a direct path to vomiting on nervous soil... Try to provide your child with a healthy psycho-emotional environment and maintain a relationship of trust.

Now you know what to do to prevent nausea and vomiting in a child, and what actions to take if this does happen. The main thing is not to panic and by all means contribute to the successful recovery of the child.

Vomit - a fairly common occurrence in a child's life. Moreover, the younger the baby, the more often he can suffer from periodic vomiting... A child can vomit for a variety of reasons. At the same time, parents should understand that not to take into account such important symptom it is forbidden.

In some cases, it is possible to determine why a baby is vomiting by the nature of the vomit. But still, in most cases, the manifestation of vomiting in a child indicates that he urgently needs medical help.

The mechanism of vomiting

When vomiting occurs, a sudden emptying of the stomach occurs, the contents of which are ejected through the mouth. Vomiting in children, as well as in adults, begins as a result of the action of the vomiting center, which is located in medulla oblongata person. The vomiting center is capable of being excited due to the receipt of impulses from the stomach, liver, intestines, uterus, kidneys, and the human vestibular apparatus. It can also be affected by irritation. nerve centers... A striking example is the onset of vomiting, if a person feels bad smell... In addition, the excitement of the emetic center can occur due to the action of drugs, toxic substances.

Before vomiting appears directly, nausea develops, breathing becomes intermittent and fast, salivation increases.

Directly the mechanism of vomiting is as follows: initially, a person's diaphragm drops, the glottis closes (thanks to this, vomit does not enter the child's airways), a spasm of the lower stomach occurs, at the same time it upper section relaxes. Due to rapid muscle contraction abdominal and the diaphragm, the contents of the stomach are thrown out, and vomiting occurs.

Causes of vomiting

Vomiting in children can develop for a variety of reasons. She can be provoked infectious diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, surgical ailments, diseases of the central nervous system, teething in an infant, etc. Depending on the exact reason that provoked vomiting, it can appear once and repeatedly, be scarce and abundant. Also, vomiting can occur over a period of time. So-called acetone vomiting manifested due to excess accumulation acetone bodies in the child's body.

Before providing help, you need to determine the cause of vomiting. This will help to do the study of the nature of the vomit. It is important to know whether there is digested or undigested food in it, whether there is blood, bile, mucus in the masses.

In addition, it is necessary to understand what exactly happens to the child - vomiting or regurgitation is manifested. As a rule, the baby spits up without straining the abdomen. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the stomach is full of food or air. V in this case any vomiting medicine for children will not work.

The main danger is that the mechanisms in babies may be deficient. As a result, there is a high risk of vomit entering the baby's airways. However, as the child grows up, this mechanism improves, and in children of 3 years old it already works more harmoniously.

In children of the first years of life, vomiting occurs most often when acute infections, as well as in case of poisoning food... In older children, vomiting is most often the result of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract , diseases of central nervous system , psycho-emotional disorders .

If the child's body develops infectious process, then vomiting is accompanied severe nausea, fever, weakness, etc. Severe vomiting may accompany viral hepatitis .

Surgical diseases abdominal cavity- Another reason for the manifestation of vomiting against the background of pain syndrome, constipation, diarrhea and other symptoms. So, manifestations of vomiting are often observed when, diveticulitis , intestinal obstruction , and other diseases. Establishing a diagnosis, the doctor is necessarily interested in the features of vomit and vomiting itself, and prescribes additional studies.

Vomiting in children without fever may indicate the development of diseases of the central nervous system. This symptom manifests itself with increased, inflammation of the lining of the brain , and other diseases. Vomiting at night sometimes indicates brain tumors .

Treatment of vomiting in children at home can be carried out only if it is not observed dangerous symptoms indicating the severity of the disease. Particular attention should be paid to the manifestation of vomiting by parents of infants. So, vomiting in a baby should alert parents if there are blood impurities or brown blotches in the ejaculated masses. Alarming symptom - frequent vomiting in a child that appears more than 4 times in 2 hours. In this case, immediate treatment is required, since the baby's body becomes dehydrated very quickly. In addition, you should immediately consult a doctor if the baby's body temperature rises during vomiting, or a semi-conscious or unconscious state is noted. Only a specialist can say what to do in this case, determine the causes of vomiting and prescribe treatment. You should immediately call a doctor and if vomiting occurs after a baby falls, a head injury, if complete absence chair. Severe abdominal pain is another warning sign... If the child is over 2 years old, he can tell the parents about it himself. In younger children pain syndrome determined by characteristic behavior. All the symptoms described require immediate monitoring of the child's condition by a specialist. Therefore, you need to immediately call " ambulance ».

Before arrival emergency care in no case should the baby be left unattended. If a child vomits without a fever, then no active action should be taken until the doctor arrives. The child needs to rinse his mouth after an attack of vomiting. If we are talking about a baby, then he can rinse his mouth with boiled water using a 20 cc syringe. This will help avoid irritation.

In the event of a sharp increase in body temperature, the child can be wiped off with a damp towel before the arrival of the doctor. Wet rubdown can be practiced if the temperature is 39 degrees and above. Severe weakness in a child, when vomiting, it provokes a lack of appetite, therefore, it is not necessary to feed a baby who suffers from vomiting.

Why does vomiting appear in newborns?

Vomiting in an infant in the first day of life, as a rule, is observed if the newborn has swallowed a lot of amniotic fluid. At this time, the child is usually under the supervision of doctors in the hospital. If vomiting appears some time after the birth of a child, and at the same time breathing disorders and periodicity are noted, then these may be signs choanal atresia (severe narrowing or clogging of the nasal passages). Vomiting in newborns is sometimes a sign congenital obstruction esophagus.

If in the first few days after the birth of a child he has vomiting, to which bile, herbs, feces are mixed, then the doctor may suspect intestinal obstruction, as well as intestinal damage due to sepsis, infection, intestinal immaturity.

In addition to the indicated reasons, vomiting in infants can be observed in case of disturbances in the work of the cardiac sphincter of the stomach, anomalies in the development of the pyloric part of the stomach, and in lesions of the central nervous system. Immaturity can also cause vomiting. gastrointestinal tract, lack of rational feeding, etc.

However, parents should understand that single vomiting in infants is not necessarily a symptom of serious pathology. A baby who has just vomited should be held vertically a little, and after a while, feed.

Typically, a single vomiting in a newborn or nursing infant occurs after feeding. Therefore, it is recommended to hold the child in an upright position after eating.

Psychogenic vomiting

Separately, the occurrence of vomiting under the influence of psychogenic factors should be highlighted. Vomiting in a child can be a consequence strong fear, anger, excitement. In addition, diseases with a mental component are defined as psychogenic causes of vomiting, and bulimia ... Doctors also define the so-called demonstrative vomiting , which is the result of the child's desire to draw attention to his own person. Vomiting in infants and older children is also possible in the case of forced feeding. In such a case, stomach contents may be spewed out in a fountain after feeding. At the same time, the temperature does not rise, the general condition of the child remains normal. Although parents should carefully consider such a symptom and be sure to exclude other causes of vomiting in infants. What to do with frequently recurring episodes of such vomiting, the pediatrician will explain in detail.

Sometimes psychogenic vomiting manifests itself cyclically, in the form of seizures, while other autonomic disorders are observed. In this case, the parents must take the child to an appointment with a neurologist. With a single vomiting, parents should follow expectant tactics, provide the child with peace and plenty of drink. He should drink in small portions.

Acetonemic syndrome

Sometimes repeated vomiting is the result of a baby's development acetone crisis ... This state is characterized by the accumulation a large number acetone and acetoacetic acid in the child's blood. This syndrome develops in children with severe illnesses. In addition, there have been cases of primary acetone syndrome. In this way, the body reacts to pain, eating habits, strong emotions. With acetone crisis, there are cramping pains in the abdomen, nausea, body temperature rises. In the urine, vomit and the air that the sick child exhales, the smell of acetone is felt.

Such symptoms are a reason for contacting a pediatrician. The child does not need to be given any food for 6-8 hours. The baby should be given water frequently, at intervals of 15 minutes. It is recommended to drink alkaline mineral water, a decoction of dried fruits. If the child refuses to drink, then the liquid is injected into him with a syringe or pipette. With an acetone crisis, the drinking rate is 100 ml of liquid per 1 kg of body weight.

First aid for vomiting

Parents must make sure that vomit does not enter the child's respiratory tract. If the baby starts vomiting while feeding, then it should be stopped for two hours. To prevent the ingress of vomit into the child's respiratory tract, it is imperative to turn it on its side and hold it semi-vertically, or pick it up and hold it in an upright position.

Before the arrival of the pediatrician, the child should drink liquid in small portions. At the same time, you can not independently wash the stomach, give the child medications.

Vomiting in a child without fever and without diarrhea is a fairly common phenomenon. The reasons for its occurrence can be different. Not always normal temperature the baby's body indicates that he is healthy. Quite often, vomiting indicates a medical condition that requires medical attention.

If little child start, you should immediately call a doctor and start providing first aid, which plays an important role in improving the well-being of the baby. Necessary:

Raise the baby's head 30 ° and turn it to the side. Do not put it on your back and let your head tilt back, as it can choke.
After the child has vomited, the mouth should be rinsed. warm water, a solution of potassium permanganate or boric acid, this is done to disinfect the oral cavity and in order to avoid the ingress of vomit with the presence of toxic substances in them back into the stomach. Rinsing can be replaced by wiping the corners of the mouth, mouth, and lips with a cotton swab.
Give cool water to drink. This should be done as often as possible, but in small portions. Help stop vomiting mint drops or Rehydron.

If the child has vomited only 1 time, but there is no temperature, diarrhea has not started, he feels well, then the doctor may not be called. The main thing is not to leave the child alone after vomiting, to observe his behavior, and if his health worsens, seek medical help.

When, when a child is vomiting, call an ambulance

Nausea and vomiting without fever and diarrhea may indicate serious illnesses... For some of them, it is necessary to immediately perform an operation. Delay and self-medication in the case when it comes to the health and life of the baby can lead to disastrous consequences.

An ambulance must be called in the following cases:

the child vomits constantly, especially in the evening, with short breaks between attacks;
the baby cannot drink water, because he has a vomiting reflex;
in addition to vomiting, the child has a stomach ache, diarrhea and fever;
the patient is in a semi-faint state, faints, constantly screams, cries and is in a state of heightened emotional arousal;
the child has constipation, the stomach is swollen, it hurts badly;
the child vomits after eating dubious food, medication or chemical additives;
there was a fall, swipe head or her bruise, in this case it is necessary to consult a neurologist;
the child tends to sleep, his activity is reduced, convulsions and fever are observed.

If the baby vomited 1 or 2 times, his temperature did not rise, the stool did not change, or he became liquid, the child uses water in normal amount, and she does not come back, while his sleep is not disturbed, and he plays as usual, then there is no reason to call an ambulance. But it is still worth contacting the local pediatrician for examination to determine the reason why the baby vomited.

What diseases does vomiting without fever indicate?

In some diseases, the child's body temperature remains unchanged, but he is sick, vomits and diarrhea is observed. Among them:

Intestinal infections ( typhoid fever). Sometimes it proceeds without an increase in temperature, there may be a single vomiting or multiple vomiting, which has nothing to do with food, can vomit the child at night. The composition of the vomit is always the same, the patient strongly vomits with liquid feces with mucus, foam and pungent odor... The child is capricious for no reason, feels weak and lethargic. He cannot eat or drink, urination becomes extremely rare, the body becomes dehydrated. Children under one year old with this disease are treated exclusively in stationary conditions... Antibiotics, probiotics, antiviral and pain relievers are used.
... This happens after eating low-quality fruit or meat purees, canned food or dairy products. Vomiting begins almost immediately after eating and usually repeatedly. V loose stools you can see streaks of blood, the stomach hurts badly and attacks. The child does not feel well, is capricious for no reason, gets tired quickly, does not eat or drink. In case of food poisoning, children under 3 years old are hospitalized, and the elders are washed their stomachs at home and given means for absorption, anti-inflammatory and anti-spasm drugs.
Allergic reaction to medicines or foods. Diarrhea and vomiting open almost immediately after eating and contain undigested food debris. Breathing becomes difficult, the mucous membranes swell, and rashes appear on the skin. You can treat it at home or in a hospital with the use of antiallergic and hormonal drugs.
Dysbacteriosis. Vomits infrequently, feces with foam, or constipation, flatulence, appears in the mouth white bloom... The skin begins to peel off, rashes and itching appear. Treatment of patients is carried out at home with probiotics and strict adherence to the diet in order to restore microflora.
Intestinal intussusception. Vomiting of bile in a child, severe paroxysmal pain with loud cry and cry. Feces in its consistency resembles jelly, it has blood streaks. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required.
Gastritis in acute form, duodenitis. The first sign is nausea, followed by frequent vomiting with the presence of bile. The abdomen is in a distended state and hurts, the appetite is impaired. Treatment of the disease occurs at home with regular meals, plenty of drinking and the use of probiotics.
Diseases of the gallbladder, liver and pancreas. There may be multiple vomiting or single vomiting with bile and food debris. There are painful sensations in the abdomen, weakness, belching, poor appetite... Treatment is carried out in a hospital with enzymatic agents, pain relievers and in compliance with a strict diet.
Diseases of the central nervous system (tumor, hydrocephalus, intracranial pressure, ischemic disease). Severe vomiting, frequent, there is a change from sleepy to restlessness for no apparent reason. In infants, the fontanel is protruding. Treatment is carried out in a hospital or at home, depending on the disease and its severity. Medicines are used that nourish and restore brain cells. Some diseases require surgery.
Swallowing a foreign object. The child vomits with food particles and mucus, he is restless, breathing intermittently. Depending on the size of the object, it may come out on its own with feces, or surgery may be necessary.

Vomiting in children under one year old without fever

Sometimes vomiting and nausea may occur in a child without fever and diarrhea. This can be due to the following diseases:

Gastroesophageal reflux. Small volume vomit with sour smell starting immediately after feeding. The baby is restless, constantly crying and hiccupping. To get rid of this ailment it is necessary to adjust the feeding time and the amount of food, as well as use drugs to prevent the release of hydrochloric acid. This disease is usually treated at home quite simply and leaves no consequences.
Pyloric stenosis develops 2-3 days after birth and is characterized by a large amount of vomit, which comes out in a stream with high pressure after a short period of time after feeding. Have infant dehydration, weight loss, and cramps disturb him. In this case, you can only help with surgical intervention, which must be resorted to immediately.
Pilorospasm - vomiting is not abundant. Feeding small amounts of food frequently and applying warm compresses to the abdomen helps a lot. If these measures are ineffective, an operation is prescribed.
Congenital diverticulum of the esophagus. The child vomits a small amount of formula or milk, and weight loss occurs. Only surgical intervention will help here.

When vomiting in a child does not require treatment

It happens that the child does not even think to get sick, but vomits him for other reasons:

... This is a fairly common occurrence among infants. It occurs 2-3 times a day in a volume of about 1 tsp. This comes from overfeeding the baby, improper feeding position or underdeveloped gastrointestinal tract. To get rid of regurgitation, it is necessary to raise the baby's head, hold him upright after feeding, and do not overfeed.
... Vomiting is not strong, the child does not lose weight from it, and the appetite does not disappear. This may be due to the child swallowing air due to severe pain. To make baby teeth erupt faster and stop vomiting, you should use special teethers and gum gels.
New complementary foods. The gastrointestinal tract is not well prepared for a new product. It is necessary to cancel it and try after a while.
Psychogenic vomiting. It is observed in children over 3 years old after stressful experiences or with refusal to eat. It is necessary to provide the child with a calm atmosphere or seek help from a psychologist.
Indigestion. Vomiting is paroxysmal, and the stool is liquid, there is undigested food in it. To eliminate this trouble, you need to drink plenty of fluids and change the diet.
Acclimatization. When moving to a new place of residence with a different climate, the child suffers from vomiting and diarrhea, which pass in a few days.

What not to do when vomiting

Providing first aid to a child may not always be beneficial, sometimes it is quite the opposite. When a one-year-old child vomits without a fever, you should not:

flush his stomach and press on his chest while he is unconscious;
independently choose and give the child antiemetic drugs;
rinse the stomach with antiseptic solutions;
give antibiotics without a doctor's recommendation;
do not come to the second doctor's appointment, even if the child's condition has stabilized.

Vomiting in a child is a fairly common phenomenon and occurs in almost every baby. The main thing here: parents do not panic, but know exactly what to do to fix this problem.

Vomiting is an involuntary ejection of gastric contents through the mouth to the outside. This is the body's desire to clear the stomach of excess food, poor quality food or infection, as well as a reaction to excessive excitement.

If healthy child vomiting has occurred, the main danger is dehydration. Drinking plenty of fluids is the main concern of parents.

WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL HELP

Vomiting associated with head injury or symptoms such as severe headache, stiff neck, strong pain in the abdomen, can be a sign of a very serious medical condition. Call an ambulance immediately.

Babies who refuse to drink or breastfeed require special attention as they can become dehydrated quickly. If a newborn vomits again, immediate medical advice is required, as this may be a sign of birth defects.

In adolescents, frequent vomiting may be a sign of a serious digestive or nervous system disorder. In the latter case, the help of a psychologist may be required.

As a rule, vomiting goes away on its own and does not require any treatment, however, it will still be difficult for you to observe this process. Feelings of helplessness, combined with a sense of fear that a serious disorder may be the cause, as well as an overwhelming desire to do at least something to alleviate the child's suffering, will cause anxiety and inner tension. In order to take this as calmly as possible, find out everything possible reasons vomiting, and what you can do if your child starts to vomit.

Causes of vomiting in children, child vomits

First of all, understand the difference between vomiting and simply spitting up. Vomiting is violent eruption contents of the stomach through the oral cavity. Regurgitation (most commonly seen in infants under one year of age) is a mild eruption of some stomach contents through the mouth, often accompanied by belching.

Vomiting occurs when abrupt contact between the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm while the stomach is in a relaxed state.

it reflex action is caused by the "vomiting center" of the brain after its excitation:

the nerves of the stomach and intestines when the gastrointestinal tract becomes irritated or swollen due to infection or blockage;
chemicals in the blood (such as medicines);
psychological pathogens, which are irritating sights or smells;
pathogens of the middle ear (as with vomiting due to motion sickness in transport).

The main causes of belching or vomiting depend on age. For example, in the first few months, most babies will regurgitate a small amount of formula or breast milk for an hour after each feed. This regurgitation, as it is commonly called, is the unsystematic movement of food from the stomach through a tube (esophagus) that goes into the stomach and out through the mouth. Regurgitation will occur less often if the child is forced to regurgitate several times, as well as if you limit outdoor games for a while after eating. As the child grows, regurgitation will occur less and less, but in a mild form, it can persist up to 10-12 months of age. Regurgitation is not a serious problem and does not affect normal weight gain.

In the first month of a child's life, a single case of vomiting may occur. If vomiting occurs quite often or comes out in a fountain, inform the pediatrician about it. Eating problems may be the cause, but it could also be a sign of more serious violations in the life of the body.

Between two weeks and four months, persistent, severe vomiting can be caused by a thickening of the muscle as it exits the stomach. Known as pyloric hypertrophic narrowing, this thickening prevents food from passing into the intestines. In this case, an urgent health care... As a rule, under such circumstances, one cannot do without surgical intervention, with the help of which doctors manage to expand the narrowed part. A clear sign This condition is served by severe vomiting, which occurs approximately 15-30 minutes after each feeding. If you notice this condition in your child, immediately call the pediatrician.

In some cases, regurgitation in the period from the first few weeks to the first few months of life not only does not go away, but gets worse - although not very strong, regurgitation occurs constantly. This happens when the muscles in the lower esophagus are relaxed by the rhyme and allow the contents of the stomach to escape without holding food.

This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux and can usually be controlled as follows.

Thicken the milk with a little instant infant cereal.
Don't overfeed your baby.
Make your baby burp more often.
After each feed, leave your baby in a calm, upright position for at least 30 minutes. If that doesn't work, your pediatrician may refer you to a gastroenterologist.

In some cases, infections in other organs of the body also cause vomiting. This includes infections respiratory system, urinary tract, ear infections, pneumonia, and meningitis. In some cases, urgent medical treatment is required, so regardless of the age of the child, carefully monitor the following warning signs, and if you notice them, call the pediatrician right away:

blood or bile (greenish matter) in vomit;
severe abdominal pain;
severe recurrent vomiting;
bloated belly;
apathy or excessive excitement of the child;
convulsions;
signs or symptoms of dehydration, including dry lips, lack of tears when crying, retraction of the fontanel, infrequent and less volumetric urination;
inability to drink the required amount of fluids;
vomiting that does not stop for 24 hours.

Treatment of vomiting in children

In most cases, vomiting goes away on its own and does not require special medical treatment... Do not apply medical supplies that can be bought at any pharmacy, or medicines available in your home. The child can be given only those medications that the pediatrician has prescribed specifically for your child, in order to cure this particular disease.

If your child is vomiting, try to keep him lying on his stomach or on his side all the time. This will help prevent vomit from entering the upper respiratory tract and lungs.

If the child's vomiting does not stop and vomits violently, make sure that the body does not become dehydrated (dehydration is a term that means the body has lost such an amount of fluid, after which it can no longer function properly;). If it comes to serious complications, vomiting can be life-threatening. You can prevent this by making sure your baby is drinking enough fluids to restore the fluid balance lost during vomiting. If this fluid comes back up with vomiting, tell your pediatrician.

For the first 24 hours of any vomiting illness, do not give your baby solid food. Instead of eating, try to get him to drink liquids, such as water, sweet water (1/2 teaspoon, or 2.5 ml, sugar in 120 ml of water), suck on popsicles, water with gelatin (1 teaspoon, or 5 ml, flavored gelatin per 120 ml of water), and best of all, an electrolyte solution (ask your pediatrician which one is best). Fluids not only help prevent dehydration, but they also do not encourage continued vomiting like solid species food.

Here are some guidelines for giving your baby fluids after vomiting.

Wait 2-3 hours after the baby's last vomit and give 30-60 ml of cool water every half hour or hour for a total of four feeds.
If the child refuses, give 60 ml of electrolyte solution, alternating with 60 ml of clean water every half hour.
If after two feedings vomiting does not occur, add milk mixture or milk diluted in half (depending on the child's age) and continue to gradually increase the amount to 90-120 ml every 3-4 hours.
If vomiting does not occur within 12-24 hours, gradually introduce foods that he usually eats into the child's diet, but still give him plenty of fluids.

If your child also has diarrhea, ask your pediatrician how to give fluids and how long to avoid solid foods.

If your child is unable to retain fluid or is showing symptoms of deterioration, notify the pediatrician. The doctor will examine the child and may ask for blood and urine tests or X-rays to make a final diagnosis. In some cases, hospitalization may be required.

Each child had to experience these unpleasant sensations. In most cases, however, the parents have no cause for serious concern. The most common cause of vomiting and diarrhea is a viral infection of the stomach (gastritis) or intestines (enteritis). Sometimes inflammatory process affects both the stomach and intestines (gastroenteritis).

Symptoms of the disease, as a rule, persist in a child for 3-4 days (sometimes weeks). Antibiotics will not help in this case, since the disease is associated with viral infection... Often times, oral medications only irritate the sore stomach even more.

What methods of treatment should be applied in this case? Your main goal is to keep your body hydrated. A child is out of danger if he drinks a sufficient amount of fluids. Thus, your child should drink as often as possible, but in small portions. Which drinks are preferable under the circumstances? Almost any - let the child choose for himself.

If vomiting worsens after drinking the liquid, have your child suck on a slice of cheese. Children school age usually feel good about their bodies and know what food and what drink they need in the given circumstances. If your child develops alarming symptoms(fever, abdominal pain, vomiting lasts more than 6 hours), be sure to contact your pediatrician.

In such cases, the child usually has no appetite. Let the child eat whatever he wants. We recommend foods such as bananas, toast, oatmeal, steamed rice, crackers. In most cases, within 24 hours after the end of vomiting, the child returns to his usual diet.

Sometimes infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by acute pain in the abdominal cavity. Sharp pain may be a symptom of a more serious illness (for example, appendicitis), therefore, in such cases, you should immediately consult a doctor.

After vomiting, wash and change your baby's clothes. Scent the room with water infused with lavender, rose, lemon or eucalyptus oil... This will freshen the air and fight off the unpleasant smell of vomit.

Maintenance drink salt balance... This drink restores balance mineral salts and prevents dehydration. Do not use honey if the baby is less than a year old.

1/2 cup water (warm or room temperature)
1/4 teaspoon baking soda pinch salt
2 tablespoons honey or sugar

Mix all ingredients. Give your child a tablespoonful drink every 10 minutes, or 1/4 to 1/2 cup every half hour.

How to make a salt pad

One of the most effective means with continued vomiting - hot pad With salt. It is used to warm up the stomach and relieve cramps.

Apply it directly to the stomach (not the entire abdomen).

Heat 1 cup of natural sea salt for 3-5 minutes, until very hot. Place the salt in a bag (such as an old pillowcase) and fold the bag several times to create a flat cushion. Its size should correspond to the area of the child's stomach.
Wrap the pillow in a thin towel so as not to burn your skin and place it on your stomach. If the child says he is too hot, wrap the pillow again. It should be hot, but not scalding.
Hold the pad until you feel better. If necessary, after a 30-minute break, you can reheat the salt and repeat the procedure.

How much is too much? When talking about pylorus stenosis

If vomiting becomes progressively worse and occurs more and more often, you and your pediatrician may suspect a condition called pyloric stenosis (pyloric stenosis). The pylorus sphincter is a muscle in the end section of the stomach that acts as a pylorus. It allows food to pass into the intestines. Unlike its too weak partner in the upper stomach, this sphincter muscle can sometimes become too thick and strong on its own and do its job too "well", having difficulty passing stomach contents down into the intestines. The term "stenosis" refers to any narrowing. In the case of pyloric stenosis, the opening in the lower part of the stomach becomes narrower and narrower than it should be. The more difficult it becomes for stomach contents to pass downward through this narrow area, the more often it rises upward and exits through the mouth instead.

Pyloric stenosis occurs in about 3 children out of every 1000 and is much more common in first-born boys and those in whose families the disease has already occurred. Pyloric stenosis forces children to spit up in the first few weeks, usually on the 21-28th day. Unlike ordinary spitting up children or sometimes showing strong vomiting, children with pyloric stenosis vomit with increasing force and frequency, most often here you can really talk about vomiting with a fountain by 6 - 8 weeks. If your child is vomiting constantly and progressively, you should see your doctor, and the sooner the better. If the child is indeed diagnosed with pyloric stenosis, know that there is a way to stop vomiting. Children with pyloric stenosis require surgery to expand the pyloric muscle of the lower stomach. Children usually recover quickly and begin to eat normally within a couple of days after surgery.

Vomiting with a fountain in a child

Fountain is a word that has often been used in the context of regurgitation and vomiting. Some parents vividly describe their child's vomiting as "a shot across the room." While relatively mild regurgitation and vomiting can cause the liquid to "jump" or "fly out" a few centimeters from your child's mouth, the actual fountain vomiting is more powerful, more distant, and so on. If it occurs regularly, it may indicate a fairly serious problems... Read on for more information.

Gag reflex and salivation

Some children have increased vomiting reflex than others, which, on the one hand, is very good, since the gag reflex protects food (or in the case of a newborn, breast milk or infant formula) from "getting to where it is not necessary", in particular, into the lungs. On the other hand, a child who is vomiting or salivating profusely is certainly very frightening for the parents. If your baby vomits or has trouble breathing while feeding, you can quickly lift him upright, pat him on the back, turn the head to the side or tilt down slightly so that milk or saliva flows out of his mouth and allow him to breathe again. In almost all cases, children recover quickly from such episodes on their own. If such episodes in your child are frequent, or especially if he stops breathing even for a short time becomes bluish at the time of vomiting or coughing, be sure to seek medical advice.

What to give a child if he vomits?

Most often, when it seems to you that the child is vomiting, it is just belching from the excess eaten too quickly or reflux. However, vomiting in newborns requires a medical examination, as it can be a sign of a more serious illness or lead to severe dehydration... Perhaps the pediatrician will recommend that you feed your baby less next time and see if he will burp? However, if vomiting continues, you need to go to the doctor or even call an ambulance.

If the vomiting becomes very strong (reaches the other end of the room), if it is profuse, it happens often or after two or more feedings in a row, it is time to call your doctor. Also, if your vomit contains bright red blood or dark brown "coffee beans" or something else bothers you, call your doctor or ambulance right away.

If the child vomits violently, it is better not to give him anything. When the vomiting stops, try giving only liquids, often and very little. Start with one teaspoon every 10 minutes; if your child does not vomit within an hour, you can gradually increase the portions. Your pediatrician may advise you to start with electrolyte solutions (Pedialitis, Infalita, or Likvilita). After a few hours, if vomiting does not resume, your doctor may recommend giving some milk (breast, cow, or formula) or whatever your baby drinks again, and then gradually return to normal portions after a few feedings. Many parents make the same mistake: when a child is thirsty, they give him a lot at once. If the child has stomach problems, everything drunk will immediately come back. It is best to avoid solid foods - limit yourself to liquids for the next few hours after you stop vomiting. If you will be giving solid food, do it very carefully and gradually. Start with a small amount of simple food - for example, give one spoonful of rice flakes or one cracker, wait half an hour and see what happens next.

Call the doctor if the child cannot drink even a small amount of liquid without vomiting, if the vomiting continues for several hours, if bright red blood or dark brown "coffee beans" are visible, or if the child develops symptoms of dehydration.

When to start worrying about dehydration?

When a child is sick, the fear of dehydration is constant, especially if the infant or young child vomits, with or without diarrhea: in this case, he quickly becomes dehydrated. To prevent this from happening when the child is not feeling well, give the liquid often and in small portions if he does not vomit.

In newborns, dehydration occurs very quickly. Do not wait for symptoms to appear (listed below for infants and children one to three years of age). Call your doctor if your newborn is vomiting, drinking less than usual, or soiling or wetting diapers too rarely.

Should call pediatrician if the child does not retain even a small amount of fluid in the stomach, vomiting does not stop for several hours, diarrhea does not stop for several days, or other signs of dehydration are present: too few wet diapers, lack of energy, no tears, dry lips and tongue, sunken fontanel (soft head area), irritability, or sunken eyes.

How to keep liquid in your stomach

In order not to end up in the hospital and do intravenous fluids, remember the recipe below for children from one to three years old. If the baby has vomited, return to the previous step. If vomiting continues, be sure to call your doctor or call an ambulance. When it comes to a baby, it is better to consult a doctor before implementing this or any other plan. Like many recipes (even from grandma's kitchen), it can be tweaked slightly to achieve the result. The ultimate goal is this: starting with small, gradually increase the portions to 120-240 ml in a few hours.

Hour 1 - nothing.
Hour 2 - 1 teaspoon of electrolyte solution every 10 minutes.
Hour 3-2 teaspoons of electrolyte solution every 15 minutes.
Hour 4 - 15 ml of electrolyte solution every 20 minutes.
Hour 5 - 30 ml of electrolyte solution every 30 minutes.
Hour 6 - carefully and gradually return to normal liquid food (milk or formula).

Vomiting in a child is the rapid ejection of contents. digestive tract, which occurs involuntarily as a result of active contraction of the smooth muscles of the stomach and striated muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm.

Severe vomiting in a child without fever is not an independent disease, but a symptom of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic diseases, diseases of the nervous system and general intoxication.

In a child, vomiting without fever and diarrhea can be a sign of poisoning and develop with diseases of various body systems:

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Diseases of the central nervous system.
Functional vomiting, i.e. arising without disruption in the work of organs.
Reaction to medication.

On other pages of the site, you will learn about the treatment of urinary incontinence and other diseases.

Vomiting in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Regurgitation, unlike vomiting, occurs suddenly, does not affect behavior and general well-being child, while children do not lose weight gain.

Helping the child with regurgitation: firstly, immediately after feeding and during sleep, you should hold the baby in an upright position. If regurgitation has occurred, it is necessary to turn the child's head to one side, to toilet the child's nose and mouth (clean it from food debris). Wash and caress your baby. Then put the baby on the tummy. Raise the head end of the bed so that the mattress is at an angle of 20 degrees.

If regurgitation occurs more often, immediately after feedings, their character is stubborn and the baby begins to lag behind in weight, then this may be a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease, the cause of which is the throwing of stomach contents into the esophagus. It is necessary to contact a pediatrician for a timely examination, clarification of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of complications.

Older children often have nervous, or psychogenic, vomiting, which is easily provoked by various emotional factors (fear, anxiety, resentment, etc.), which occurs, for example, during forced feeding. Sometimes there may be demonstrative vomiting in order to draw attention to oneself. In all cases, the general condition of the child is not disturbed, vomiting can be repeated under the same circumstances. For such children, children need the help of a psychologist or psychotherapist.