The main task of treating infection urinary tract consists in eliminating the pathogen and suppressing infectious inflammation. To solve it, various antibacterial drugs are used. The question of choosing the optimal drug is not easy. And do right choice Only a doctor can. Judge for yourself how many factors need to be taken into account: the total duration of the disease (including episodes of infection urinary tract in childhood), the body's response to antibacterial therapy during previous exacerbations, the state of kidney function, patency of the urinary tract, existing accompanying illnesses(For example, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stomach and intestinal diseases), medications taken, etc. It is also important to know the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. You are unlikely to be able to answer many of these questions, and by self-medicating you are more likely to harm yourself than help. We will give you some tips on how to properly take the medications prescribed by your doctor.
Several groups of antibacterial drugs are used today to treat urinary tract infections.
Antibiotics
Many drugs in this group have nephrotoxicity, that is, the ability to damage kidney tissue. Some drugs always exhibit this property (absolutely nephrotoxic), others - under certain conditions: in the presence of renal failure, against the background of dehydration of the body or its sharp weakening due to severe concomitant pathology. Based on this, absolutely nephrotoxic antibiotics are not prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Semi-synthetic combined penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are recognized as the optimal antibiotics today. It is pointless to list the names of drugs, since their list can take more than one page. Recommendations for admission specific means Only the attending physician can give you this, this is his prerogative.
The duration of antibiotic treatment is 10-14 days. The strict timing of their administration is due to the ability of antibiotics to influence life expectancy and the reproduction cycle of microorganisms. Interrupting the course of treatment is fraught unpleasant consequences, primarily by the transition of the disease to a latent (hidden) form due to the “addiction” of bacteria to the drug and their loss of sensitivity to the drug and its analogues. A correctly selected antibiotic leads to an improvement in the condition and the disappearance of urinary disorders (polyuria and nocturia) by the 3-4th day of treatment. However, this does not mean the infection has been eliminated. Complete destruction of the pathogen is observed only by the 10-14th day of treatment. Clinical cure will be indicated not only by a significant improvement in the condition, but also by the absence of changes in urine and blood tests.
Because of possible risk development of renal failure, antibiotics should always be combined with sufficient quantity fluids (of course, with the exception of cases of severe heart failure and high blood pressure, when fluid intake is limited).
Sulfonamide drugs
Perhaps this group antibacterial agents is the most popular among the people. The slightest cold, cough, or malaise pushes us to the pharmacy to buy Biseptol. The medicine is cheap, effective (alas, it once was), and easy to use. Why "alas"? The wide availability of the drug led to the fact that most pathogens that were successfully destroyed by Biseptol and its analogues adapted to the drug, learned to integrate it into their metabolism, and therefore lost sensitivity to it. We prescribe medicine to treat, but see the opposite result.
Of course, this does not mean that taking sulfonamides is useless. Exacerbation of chronic urinary tract infection is not always caused by the same pathogen. In addition, there are people who extremely rarely use antibacterial agents throughout their lives. In such cases, Biseptol can be very effective.
Duration of treatment sulfonamides is less than the duration of antibiotic treatment. When prescribing sulfonamides, there is a danger of their precipitation into a crystalline precipitate in the lumen of the renal tubules. To exclude this possibility, sulfonamides must be taken with a large amount of alkaline mineral water. The water must be degassed. At renal failure sulfa drugs not prescribed.
However, we repeat once again that the effectiveness of sulfonamides is low due to the high resistance of pathogens to them and therefore today this group of drugs is practically not used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Nitrofuran drugs
This group of drugs includes furadonin, furagin, furazolidone, negram, nevigramon, etc. They are moderately effective for chronic sluggish urinary tract infections in elderly and old age. Their use is also limited by renal failure. Average duration of treatment nitrofuran agents - from 7 to 10 days.
Oxolinic acid derivatives
Special mention should be made about these medications. Popular rumor attributes nitroxoline(5-NOK) miraculous properties and 100% efficiency. Where such conviction came from is anyone's guess. Firstly, the main causative agents of pyelonephritis have extremely low sensitivity to oxolinic acid derivatives. Secondly (and more importantly), drugs in this group do not create the necessary therapeutic concentrations in kidney tissue, urine and blood serum. And if so, then you shouldn’t expect miracles: 5-NOK and its analogues are not able to eliminate the infectious focus in the kidney. Therefore, most countries around the world have stopped using these drugs to treat urinary tract infections.
Pipemidic acid preparations
Antibacterial drugs of this group (palin, urotractin, pimidel, pipemidine, pipemidic acid) are quite effective in men suffering from urinary tract infections due to prostate adenoma. Usually the drug is prescribed 1 capsule 2 times a day after meals. Duration of treatment- 10-14 days.
Herbal uroantiseptics
Herbal medicines are widely used in urological practice. They are prescribed during periods of exacerbation infectious diseases urinary system as an auxiliary antiseptic, anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, they are used for prophylactic purposes to prevent relapses of the disease.
From herbal preparations, having the ability to disinfect urine at the level of the urinary tract, Canephron, Uroflux, Fitolysin, renal infusions and teas are prescribed.
Canephron
"Canephron" - combination drug plant origin. It has antimicrobial, antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effects. Has a pronounced diuretic effect. Canephron is produced in the form of tablets or drops for oral administration.
The drug "Canephron"
The dragee contains powders of centaury herb, rosehip peel, lovage root, and rosemary leaves. The drops are prepared based on extracts of the same plants. Typically, for the treatment of urinary tract infections, 2 tablets or 50 drops of the drug are prescribed 3 times a day. The duration of taking Canephron is determined by the nature of the disease.
Phytolysin
"Phytolysin" has indications and medicinal properties, similar to those of Canephron. In addition, it facilitates the passage of stones. The drug is available in the form of a paste for preparing a solution. It contains plant extracts: parsley root, wheatgrass rhizome, horsetail herb, birch leaves, knotweed herb, onion bulbs, fenugreek seed, goldenrod herb, hernia herb. It also contains oils - mint, sage, pine, orange and vanillin. Take “Fitolysin” 1 teaspoon in 1/2 glass of warm, sweetened water 3 times a day after meals.
Other herbal uroantiseptics can be prepared at home. Kidney-friendly effects should be considered when choosing herbal medicine. medicinal plants: diuretic, anti-inflammatory, tanning and hemostatic.
Alternation of plant mixtures is considered optimal. And another important point. There is no need to sentence yourself to a lifetime of taking kidney teas and infusions. Treatment should only be given if indicated: either during an exacerbation, or prophylactically to prevent re-exacerbation of a urinary tract infection during colds, with increasing signs of urination problems, etc.
Treatment of an exacerbation of a urinary tract infection is considered effective if, after its completion, there are no signs of the disease for the next six months, and there are no leukocytes and bacteria in urine tests.
Antibacterial treatment is aimed at eliminating the infection - the cause of inflammation. Therefore, it is also called etiotropic (“ethios” - cause, “tropic” - having affinity, relationship; related to the cause).
The main properties of medicinal plants used for urinary tract diseases.
Plant name |
Anti- |
Diuretic- |
Bloody |
Astringent action |
Althaea officinalis |
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Birch, leaves |
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Cowberry |
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Black elderberry |
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Cornflower flowers |
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Bird's knotweed |
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Hernia grass |
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Elecampane tall |
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Angelica root |
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St. John's wort |
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Stinging nettle |
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Juniper berries |
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pharmaceutical camomile |
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Bearberry |
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Yarrow |
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Horsetail |
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Rose hip |
Symptomatic treatment
To eliminate signs of infectious intoxication, normalize blood pressure, and correct anemia, it is prescribed symptomatic treatment(“symptom” is a sign of a disease; symptomatic treatment is treatment aimed at eliminating the manifestations of the disease).
I would like to make one caveat. Sometimes, to enhance the diuretic effect of herbal medications, patients take diuretics - diuretics(hypothiazide, furosemide, etc.). The consequence of such self-medication can be acute renal failure. Its reason is simple: diuretics cause forced urination, and the renal tubules are inflamed, their lumen is narrowed, and contains bacteria, desquamated epithelium, leukocytes, and mucus. Because of this, sometimes the tubules become completely impassable for urine. And “the puck has already been thrown in.” The diuretic drug works by intensely driving urine to the tubules. The result is sad - acute disorder renal function, that is, acute renal failure.
What about diuretics? Don't take them at all? Only a doctor can make a decision. He knows when, in what dose, and with what frequency to prescribe a certain diuretic drug. It is specific, since each diuretic works in different parts of the renal tubules.
And one more knot for memory. Many people take analgesics (analgin, paracetamol, diclofenac, aspirin, etc.) when the slightest pain occurs. All painkillers, if used uncontrolled, have a detrimental effect on the renal medulla: the tubules and interstitium. And pyelonephritis is a disease of precisely these kidney structures. Therefore, the issue of using analgesics for pyelonephritis should be decided carefully and necessarily by a doctor.
Vitamin therapy
To activate the body’s immune forces, speedy elimination inflammatory disorders Vitamin preparations must be included in the treatment of urinary tract infections. There can be no specific recommendations here. All vitamins sold in the pharmacy chain are good. There is no need to chase expensive, imported vitamins. The composition and effectiveness of domestic drugs are similar to those of foreign drugs, and they cost much less. It is advisable to take multivitamins with microelements - complex preparations, which includes all necessary for the body human vitamins and microelements (iron, iodine, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, copper). For elderly and senile people, domestic multivitamins “Dekamevit” (take 1 yellow and 1 orange tablet 1-2 times a day after meals; the duration of the course of treatment is 20 days), “Undevit” (2 tablets 3 times a day) may be optimal within 20-30 days).
Physiotherapy
Prevention of pyelonephritis
In addition to the preventive measures described in the article “Acute and chronic cystitis”, it is recommended to consume fluid in an amount of at least 2 l/day, regular urination, mandatory urination at night if the urge appears, and combating constipation. In some people, pyelonephritis worsens several times a year, has a protracted, severe course. In such cases, to the general preventive measures Be sure to add anti-relapse courses, including several antibacterial drugs, vitamins, diuretics, herbal uroantiseptics and agents that stimulate the immune system. The anti-relapse treatment regimen and its duration are selected only by
Basic drugs for treatment genitourinary system- antibiotics. Before the appointment, you need to submit a urine culture for sterility, and determine the reaction of microorganisms obtained from it to antibacterial drugs. It is better to use medications without sowing wide range actions. But some are characterized by nephrotoxicity (toxic effects on the kidneys), for example, Gentamicin, Polymyxin, Streptomycin.
Treating infections with antibiotics
For inflammation of the urinary tract, antibiotics of the cephalosporin group are used - Cephalexin, Cefaclor, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone. For kidney inflammation, semi-synthetic penicillin is also used - Oxacillin and Amoxicillin. But it is better for genitourinary infections to be treated with a fluoroquinolone - Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Gatifloxacin. The duration of antibiotic use for kidney diseases is up to 7 days. For complex treatment, drugs with sulfenylamide are used - “Biseptol” or “Urosulfan”.
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Herbal uroantiseptics
"Canephron" for illness
In urology, herbal uroantiseptics are used both as the main healing substances and as auxiliary ones. « Canephron" - excellent remedy for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system. Has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, causes a diuretic effect. It is used internally in the form of drops or tablets. Canephron contains rose hips, rosemary leaves, centaury and rosemary. For kidney inflammation, 50 drops of medicine or 2 tablets are prescribed 3 times a day. In men it is considered the best remedy in the treatment of genitourinary infections.
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"Phytolysin"
Herbal uroantiseptics are an excellent remedy for the treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system.
“Fitolysin” is a remedy for infections of the genitourinary system, promotes easier passage of stones and removes pathological agents from the urinary tract. Mint, pine, orange, sage and vanillin oils are added to the preparation. Take an anti-inflammatory after meals 3 times a day, 1 tsp. half a glass warm water. Kidney disease goes away within a month. It is made in the form of a paste to obtain a solution. Composition of "Phytolysin" - extracts:
horsetail; parsley; birch leaves; wheatgrass rhizomes; fenugreek; hernia; onion bulbs; goldenrod; knotweed herb. Return to contents
Medicines to relieve symptoms of inflammation of the genitourinary system
Inflammation of the urinary tract begins to be treated with medications that stop inflammatory symptoms and restore the functionality of the urinary tract. The main medications for the genitourinary system are “Papaverine” and “No-shpa”. Doctors recommend using antibacterial agents after a course of antispasmodics. At the same time, they are treated with tablets that do not have nephrotoxicity.
For diseases of the genitourinary system, paracetamol is used. Daily dose- 4 times 650 mg. When taking paracetamol, drink plenty of water to ensure normal hemodynamics. Instead of paracetamol, Ibuprofen is indicated. Daily dose - 4 times 1200 mg. Other medicines for relief of symptoms: “Ketanov”, “Nimesulide”, “Cefekon” and “Baralgin”. The decision in therapy with nephrotoxic drugs is justified, and therapy is prescribed only after consulting a doctor.
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Antispasmodics
Antispasmodics are removed painful sensations, but do not affect the cause of the disease.
Antispasmodic medications improve urine flow and relieve pain. Popular tablets are the same “Papaverine” with “No-shpa” and “Benziclan” with “Drotaverine”. “No-spa” is available in the form of tablets and solution. Dosage - no more than 240 mg per day. “No-shpu” is strictly prohibited for use in case of heart and liver failure. Additionally, it is allowed to take Canephron - it has both antispasmodic and antiseptic effects.
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Diuretics
Diuretics are diuretics. Treatment with diuretics should be treated with caution. They can cause kidney failure and complicate the disease. Therapy is used only after a doctor's prescription. The main medications for urinary tract infections: Diuver, Hypothiazide, Furomesid and Aldactone. Dose - 1 tablet per week. To maintain water balance in the body, calcium, potassium, and calcium are taken in combination with diuretics. salt solutions, and perform hemosorption and hemodialysis.
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Immunostimulation for diseases of women and men
Often, in case of kidney disease, doctors prescribe multivitamin preparations to boost immunity.
When men and women have diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, you need to drink decoctions that contain vitamins: rose hips, birch tree leaves, rowan, currant leaf, knotweed. Doctors also prescribe multivitamin preparations, which contain a complex of microelements and vitamins. Medicines to increase immunity in case of kidney diseases - “Alvittil”, “Aerovit”, “Ascorutin”, “Tetrafolevit”, “Milgamma”. Along with vitamins, minerals such as selenium and zinc are taken.
Infections of the urinary and genital tract are closely interrelated and are caused by the same type of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi. Distinguished as nonspecific inflammation, activated by saprophytic or obligate flora (staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, fungi of the genus Candida albicans) with a weakening of the general or local immunity, as well as specific processes against the background of infection with bacteria such as mycoplasma, ureoplasma, gonococci, and spirochete pallidum. Also specific processes include chlamydia, when the culprit is a protozoan that has the properties of a bacterium and a virus at the same time. Viral lesions are represented by human papilloma virus and genital herpes.
Lesions of the genital tract in women are represented by vulvitis, colpitis, cervicitis, endometritis, oophoritis. In men - balanitis and balanoposthitis, urethritis, prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis. Urinary tract infections occur more easily in women due to their anatomical structure crotch. In men, urethritis is the most common, and lesions of the overlying sections (cystitis), as a rule, are secondary and occur against the background of disturbances in urine flow (anatomical abnormalities, prostate adenoma, urolithiasis).
The main symptoms of this group of diseases are pain during urination, burning and itching in the genital area, which intensifies during sexual activity. Also pathological discharge from the genital tract (purulent, mixed with blood during a bacterial process, curdled with fungal infections, mucous with viral infection) and changes in urine: darkening, turbidity and admixtures of protein and (or) blood.
Diagnosis of infections is carried out on the basis of bacteriological research methods (culture of scrapings on nutrient media) And serological studies blood (determination of titers of specific antibodies of classes M and G, giving an idea of an acute or chronic process).
Of course, treatment can begin only after diagnosis and verification of the pathogen. Otherwise, the acute process quickly becomes chronic and can lead to severe complications and perennial flow.
Drugs for the treatment of genital and urinary tract infections.
I. Antibiotics.
1. Medicines are bactericidal as a result of disruption of the synthesis of microbial wall proteins.
A. Semi-synthetic drugs: oxacillin, amoxicillin (flemoxin), ampicillin, ticarcillin, carbenicillin.
B. Inhibitor-protected drugs: amoxicillin clavulonate (flemoclav, panclave, augmentin, amoxiclav), ampicillin sulbactam (unasin, sultamicillin, ampiside),
B. Combined (ampiox).
2. – lactam-free with a bactericidal effect.
1st generation: cefazolin, cephalexin;
2nd generation: cefaclor, cefuroxime;
3rd generation: ceftriaxone, cefixime, cefazidime, cefoperazone, ceftibuten, cefotaxime;
4th generation: cefepime.
3. . Due to disruption of microbial DNA synthesis, they are bactericidal. Ofloxacin (zanocin, qirol, glaufos,), lomefloxacin (lomacin, xenaquin, lomeflox), norfloxacin (quinolox, loxon, negaflox), ciprofloxacin (ificipro, quintor, zindolin,), lefloxacin, gatifloxacin, sparfloxacin (sparflo), moxifloxacin, levoflox qing .
4. . Clarithromycin, azithromycin (azitral, sumamed. chemomycin), josamycin.
5.
1st generation: streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin;
2nd generation: sisomycin, netilmicin, tobramycin, gentamicin;
3rd generation: amikacin.
6. Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline.
The choice of antibiotic looks something like this. Chlamydial infections– mainly macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Mycoplasma – tetracyclines. Gonococci – azithromycin, cephalosporins, penicillins (piprax), fluorochlorine (norilet, raksar), aminoglycosides (netromycin). Ureoplasma is sensitive to doxycycline or azithromycin.
II. Nitrofurans disrupt oxidation processes in microbial cells. Used to treat urinary tract infections. They can be both bacteriostatic and bactericidal. Nitrofurantoin (nifurtoinol, furadonin), furazidin (furomax, furomag),
III. Antiviral drugs.
1.
A. Antiherpetic. Acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), penciclovir (famciclovir, famvir).
B. Ion channel inhibitors (orvirem).
B. Specific chaperone GA. (arbidol).
D. Neuraminidase inhibitors (peramivir, Repenza, Tamiflu)
D. NP protein inhibitors (ingavirin).
2. Alpha and gamma interferons block the translation of viral RNAs and the presentation of viral antigens. Viferon, interferon, gripferon, kipferon.
3. trigger the synthesis of their own interferon. Amiksin, cycloferon, kagocel.
IV. Antifungal drugs.
1. Fungistatic effect.
A. Imidazoles. Ketoconazole (oronazole, nizoral).
B. Triazoles. Irunin, diflucan, fluconazole, flucostat, itraconazole (orungal), mycosist.
2. Antifungal antibiotics. Amphotericin B, pimafucin (natamycin), levorin, nystatin.
V. Antiprotozoal. Metronidazole. Effective for trichomoniasis.
VI. Antiseptics used to prevent sexually transmitted infections.
1. Based on iodine - betadine in suppositories or solution.
2. Based on chlorine-containing preparations: chlorhexidine in solution, Miramistin (solution, suppositories, gel).
3. Based on gibitan - Hexicon solution and suppositories.
The main forms of release of drugs for the treatment of genitourinary infections are tablets and injection solutions. Except in cases of fungal infections of the external genitalia, external treatment is not very effective and systemic medication is required. Violation of treatment regimens, inadequate dosages or attempts local treatment urinary and genital tract infections contribute to chronicity inflammatory processes. Self-medication for sexually transmitted infections and urinary tract infections is not acceptable. Treatment should be carried out as prescribed by a doctor and monitored by laboratory tests.
With infections that enter the body sexually (see about sexually transmitted infections), both the reproductive and urinary organs are simultaneously affected, since they are functionally connected. The course of antibiotics, which is necessarily prescribed in such cases, can be carried out both in a hospital and at home.
Features of antibacterial therapy
The main goal of antibiotic treatment is to destroy certain pathogens identified during diagnosis.After such diagnostic studies, like polymerase chain reaction, bacteriological culture, DNA and antigens to pathogenic bacteria are detected. During the examinations, the sensitivity of the pathogen to various antibacterial drugs is also recognized, which determines the course of treatment.
Antibiotic therapy makes sense for inflammatory processes characterized by urination disorders, purulent discharge, and redness of the genital mucous tissues. Their use helps relieve inflammation, pain syndrome and prevents further spread of infection to nearby organs and systems of the body. Tangible and fairly quick results antibacterial therapy depends on the early treatment of the patient, when the disease is at the initial stage.
Types of antibiotics and their main properties
Antibacterial agents are substances that are used to slow down growth and reproduction pathogenic microorganisms, to destroy them. They can be organic, that is, produced on the basis of bacteria, but, at the same time, they are fatal to pathogenic viruses. Today there are also combined and synthetic drugs.
These medications are classified:
- by type of exposure and chemical composition;
- by spectrum of action (narrow and broad).
There are several main types of antibiotics:
Penicillins (a class of beta-lactam drugs)
Properties– a pronounced bactericidal effect, consisting in suppressing the synthesis of the microbial cell wall, leading to its death. The chemical composition of this group is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria - enterococci, spirochetes, nesseria, actinomycetes, and most corynebacteria.Drugs– Penicillin, Benzylpenicillin, Phenoxymethylpenicillin, from the compositions broad action– Ampicillin, Hiconcil, Flemoxin Solutab. Long-acting agents – Extensillin, Bicillin, Retarpen. Of the semi-synthetics - Oxacillin, active against staphylococci.
In the treatment of genitourinary inflammatory processes, antipseudomonal penicillins are often used - Pipracil, Carbenicillin, Securopen.
Cephalosporins
Properties – antimicrobials are less toxic substances, but are also harmful to pathogens. Active substances act directly on the DNA of bacteria and viruses.Drugs I generation - Cephalexin, Cefazolin, effective against gram-positive bacteria. Cefuroxime axetil, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime and other stage II derivatives are almost never used, as they are inferior to later cephalosporins - Cefixime, Ceftibuten (tablet forms), Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime (parenteral drugs). Compositions of this series, including Cefepime, are used mainly in hospital settings for complicated infections.
Aminoglycosides
Properties– the peculiarity of the drugs is the effectiveness of suppressing the viability of gram-negative bacteria. However, pyogenic bacteria and enterococci are resistant to their active ingredients.Drugs– Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Netilmicin, Streptomycin. Against the background of safer fluoroquinolones and new generation cephalosporins, these drugs for urinary infections in Lately are almost never assigned.
Tetracyclines
Properties– have a bacteriostatic, inhibitory effect on chlamydia, mycoplasma, gonococci, gram-positive cocci. Inhibits microbial protein synthesis.Drugs, most often prescribed for genitourinary infectious diseases - Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, Limecycline. These are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are effective against infections of various etiologies.
Fluoroquinolones
Properties – fluoroquinolones cause death pathogenic bacteria and viruses, since they suppress DNA synthesis of the pathogen’s cellular protein. They behave actively towards gonococci, chlamydia, mycoplasmas, pyogenic bacteria - streptococci and staphylococci.Drugs - Lomefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Enoxacin, Ofloxacin are used to treat gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, infectious prostatitis, cystitis, chlamydia. Today, there are 4 generations of broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones that are effective for various types of infections of the genital and urinary organs.
Nitrofurans
Properties– have a pronounced bactericidal effect, spectrum of activity – Trichomonas, Giardia, gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, streptococci.Drugs– Nitrofurantoin, Furazolidone, Furazidin, Nifuroxazide. They are used most often for uncomplicated urogenital infections; among the requirements is a low dosage due to toxicity, as well as side effects.
In addition to the main groups of antibiotics, medical practice are used macrolides. They are active against staphylococci, streptococci, legionella, chlamydia, mycoplasma. These medications are especially effective for non-gonococcal urethritis.
The main effect is bacteriostatic, although with increasing dosage a bactericidal effect can be achieved.
Some drugs are Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Roxithromycin. For genitourinary infections, Azithromycin is mainly used. It is significant that resistance of viruses and bacteria to these drugs develops very slowly.
Incorrect, uncontrolled use of antibiotics can lead to resistance of pathogenic agents to a particular drug.
How to choose antibacterial agents for the treatment of genitourinary tract infections?
Despite the differences in the structure of the urinary organs in men and women, the infection can affect the kidneys, bladder, urethral canal, and ureters. In parallel, foci of inflammation develop in neighboring organs. Various microbes entering the body in different ways, cause a number of diseases:- cystitis - inflammation Bladder;
- urethritis affects the urethra;
- pyelonephritis and others, characterized by changes in the tubular system, tissues of the cups and pelvis, glomerular apparatus of the paired organ.
During antibacterial therapy at home, it is extremely important to regularly donate blood and urine for research. This allows you to monitor the results of treatment and, if necessary, adjust it by replacing drugs with more effective ones.
All these ailments require treatment a certain type antibiotics, which are selected taking into account the sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria to them:
- For cystitis– penicillins (Amosin, Cephalexin, Ecoclave), fluoroquinolones (Nolitsin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Tsiprolet), cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Azaran, Zinnat). Of the tetracyclines, Unidox can be used. Acute cystitis treated with antibacterial agents for 5 days, with chronic form a course of 7 to 10 days will be required.
- For urethritis– fluoroquinolones (Pefloxabol, Pefloxacin), used for no more than 10 days. Tetracyclines, mainly Doxycycline, up to 7 days. If the disease occurs in mild form, macrolides are used - Azithromycin, Hemomycin for up to 3 days. If well tolerated, penicillins are prescribed - Amoxiclav, Timentin for a course of up to 14 days.
- For pyelonephritis and other diseases renal system– cephalosporins (Ceforal Solutab, Claforan, Cephalexin), they are effective in purulent inflammation, used 3-5 days. In case of damage to E. coli and enterococci - penicillins (Amoxicillin and Penicillin), no more than 12 days. For complications, fluoroquinolones - Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin. At an advanced stage, Amikacin and Gentamicin are prescribed for a short time.
Antibiotic treatment of genitourinary infections in men
Male infectious diseases, like female ones, are treated according to a strictly established scheme.
The rules of antibiotic therapy are as follows:
- Identification of the culprit of infection and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents through hardware and laboratory diagnostics.
- Prescribing the most effective medication that is gentle in its toxicity.
- Choosing the form of the drug, its dosage, duration of treatment.
- If necessary, a combination of different means.
- Monitoring and monitoring the progress of treatment using tests.
Vesiculitis
Seminal vesicle disease. For the treatment of vesiculitis the following are used:- Antibiotics - Erythromycin, Macropen, Sumamed (macrolides), Metacycline and Doxycycline (tetracyclines).
- Anti-inflammatory drugs - Ketonal, Indomethacin.
- Antiseptics – Furamag, Furadonin.
- Antispasmodic and analgesic suppositories - Ibuprofen, Anestezol, Diclofenac.
The use of immunostimulating agents (Pyrogenal, Taktivin, ginseng tincture) is indicated. To improve blood circulation - Venoruton, Dartilin, Aescusan. In some cases, mud therapy, physiotherapeutic procedures, and sedative medications are prescribed to correct the condition of the nervous system.
Epididymitis
Disease of the epididymis caused by infection. Epididymitis is treated using the following medications:- Antibiotics – Minocycline, Doxycycline, Levofloxacin.
- Antipyretics – Paracetamol, Aspirin.
- Anti-inflammatory medications – Ibuprofen or Diclofenac are usually prescribed.
- Painkillers – Ketoprofen, Drotaverine, Papaverine.
Balanoposthitis
Inflammation of the head and foreskin infectious nature. For balanoposthitis, antibiotics are selected depending on the type of pathogen. The main local antifungal agents are Clotrimazole, Micogal, Candide. Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs can also be used, in particular Levomekol based on chloramphenicol and methyluracil. Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed: Lorinden, Locacorten.Additionally appointed antihistamines, relieving swelling and eliminating allergic reactions.
Treatment of genitourinary infections in women
Among the purely women's diseases caused by infectious agents, we can distinguish 3 most frequent illnesses, which we will consider next.Salpingoophoritis (adnexitis) – pathologies of the ovaries and appendages in women
Adnexitis can be triggered by chlamydia, trichomonas, gonococci and other microbes, so antibiotics may be prescribed different groups– Tetracycline, Metronidazole, Co-trimoxazole. They are often combined with each other - Gentamicin with Cefotaxime, Tetracycline and Norsulfazole. Monotherapy, in fact, is not used. Administration can be by injection, but it is also provided oral administration(inside).In addition to antibacterial agents, antiseptics, absorbable and painkillers are used - Furadonin, Aspirin, Sulfadimezin. Vaginal and rectal suppositories with analgesic and antimicrobial effects - Macmiror, Polygynax, Hexicon, etc. - have a good effect. In the chronic course of the disease, baths, compresses, and paraffin applications, which are carried out at home as prescribed by a doctor, are advisable.
Urogenital infections are common among both men and women, as well as among adolescents. These pathologies require long-term observation by a urologist and constant monitoring of blood counts. In the long term, untreated infections can threaten life and provoke the development of chronic renal failure. Prescribing antibiotics by a doctor for genitourinary infections is a necessary step; it is impossible to get rid of the disease in any other way. No methods traditional therapy will not be able to neutralize microscopic bacteria that have settled in the urethra, kidneys, bladder and genital mucosa. Only broad-spectrum antibiotics for genitourinary infections will help get rid of discomfort and return to work.
General concept of genitourinary infections
You should be wary and contact a urologist or nephrologist as soon as possible if the following symptoms:
- nagging pain in the lower abdomen and lower back (can be present on only one side, or on both sides at the same time);
- high temperature and fever - in some cases the indicator can rise to forty degrees (in this case, you should not self-medicate, but call as soon as possible ambulance);
- chills - tremor of the hands can become so severe that the patient is unable to press buttons on the phone to call for help;
- chronic course accompanied by lethargy, asthenia, low performance, lack of desire to do anything;
- the presence of blood and ichor in the urine;
- urethritis (infectious inflammation urethra) is accompanied by severe pain when urinating.
Therapy involves not only taking antibiotics for genitourinary infections, but also observing bed rest, as well as nutrition according to the principles of medical diet No. 7 for kidney diseases. You should temporarily reduce your protein intake, as its metabolites put a strain on your already weak kidneys and bladder. While the organs are fighting the infectious process, you should forget about harmful and heavy food and give preference fermented milk products and boiled vegetables, fresh fruits.
Bed rest is very important. The patient will have to take sick leave during antibiotic therapy for the treatment of genitourinary infections. You will have to forget about physical activity for a month or two. And even with all the desire, most likely, there simply won’t be enough strength to carry out training: almost all patients during the period of exacerbation of genitourinary infections feel severe weakness. This condition most often lasts about ten days. Then, provided that properly selected antibiotics are used for genitourinary infections, your health improves. The patient recovers after an average of three weeks: he can return to his work duties and becomes cheerful and cheerful.
Common causes of pathologies
With inflammation of the genitourinary system, the cause of the problem in most cases is staphylococcus or streptococcus. Less often coli disrupts the functioning of organs.
In men, urogenital diseases most often appear after severe hypothermia, unprotected sex, regular alcohol abuse in parallel with malnutrition.
In women, urogenital infections are often associated with either a diagnosis chronic pyelonephritis, or failure to comply with personal hygiene rules. Also, “fertile ground” for genitourinary infections is low immunity, autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, vaginitis and often recurrent cystitis.
If a genitourinary infection has taken hold in one of the organs - for example, in the bladder - we can confidently say that very quickly (within a few days) it migrates through the ureters higher - to the kidneys. And this is already very dangerous for the patient’s life in general: very often the disease develops into chronic pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis. And these ailments, in turn, sooner or later lead to the development of chronic renal failure. That is why it is very important as soon as possible, already at the first symptoms, to select universal antibiotic for genitourinary infections in men and women and complete the full course of treatment. If you do not do this, the disease will not go away on its own, but will only move to an increasingly more serious stage and affect more and more organs.
Rules for the use of antibiotics for genitourinary infections
There are several basic rules on how not to harm your general health when taking antibiotic drugs. Some patients are afraid of taking such strong means- these are groundless fears. Antibiotics for genitourinary infections are usually prescribed a new generation. If the rules of administration are followed, they do not pose a toxic threat to internal organs.
- In parallel with the course of antibiotic drugs, you should definitely take probiotics. This is necessary to prevent pathogenic intestinal microflora from multiplying. A broad-spectrum antibiotic for genitourinary infections destroys almost all pathogenic bacteria indiscriminately. As a result, healthy intestinal microflora suffers and diarrhea develops. This condition cannot be left without treatment: it will take a very long time to recover on its own. The drugs “Linex”, “Bifidumbacterin”, “Lactobalance” will come to the rescue.
- Women should use suppositories in parallel with a course of antibiotic drugs to prevent the development of thrush. Immunity during an exacerbation genitourinary diseases weakens greatly, and the candida virus (which is present in the body of almost every person) is activated. As a result, after a course of treatment, 80% of women suffer from vaginal candidiasis, or, as this disease is popularly called, thrush.
- For pathologies of the kidneys and bladder, you should temporarily limit the amount of protein in the diet. This is medical diet No. 7. It involves reducing the load on the kidneys. You can eat raw and boiled vegetables, porridge with water, lean turkey and chicken meat. Such a gentle diet helps reduce the load on kidney tissue, and recovery proceeds faster. But you should not starve or refuse food: this will not benefit the immune system. It’s just worth switching to diet food for a while.
List of broad-spectrum antibiotics in suspensions
Antibiotics in the form of a suspension are effective for genitourinary infections in men and women:
- "Amoxicillin." Also available in tablet form. Can be used to treat children. Actively used in nephrology since Soviet years. The disadvantage of Amoxicillin is that some bacteria are resistant to its action. The drug is prescribed only after an analysis has been carried out and the bacteria that have caused the urinary tract pathology have been identified. If you treat yourself with it, you may not get results.
- "Augmentin". For genitourinary infections in women, an antibiotic shows good effect, as well as in the treatment of almost all sexually transmitted infections. Produced in capsule and suspension form. Can be used to treat children and pregnant women (the dosage is discussed with the attending physician - self-medication is strictly prohibited). Before using "Augmentin" you must know accurate diagnosis and general urine blood tests were taken, which will help the nephrologist formulate the correct clinical picture.
- "Suprax" is an effective antibiotic for women from the cephalosporin group. Refers to modern third generation antibiotic agents. Also suitable for treatment of ENT organs, upper and lower respiratory tract. It is also often used to treat children six months and older. If the disease is caused by staphylococcus, then Suprax may be ineffective.
List of new generation broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs in tablets
- "Cefixime" is a fairly mild antibiotic drug. Effectively destroys the cellular structure of bacteria. Relief occurs after the first taken pills- the patient’s temperature drops, his mood improves, he feels a surge of strength. However, do not delude yourself and abandon the treatment you have started: the full course of therapy is at least seven days. You cannot prescribe Cefixime yourself - it must be prescribed by a nephrologist or urologist after drawing up clinical picture based on the patient's tests. The doctor will select the appropriate dosage based on weight and general condition health of the patient.
- "Unidox Solutab". An effective tablet antibiotic for genitourinary infections in women. The product belongs to the latest generation tetracycline group. Actively used in the treatment of colds, ARVI, intestinal infections, urogenital pathologies. The main active ingredient is doxycycline. During pregnancy and lactation, as well as for the treatment of children, use is not recommended, but is possible after the approval of the attending physician.
- "Rulid" refers to antibiotic drugs fourth generation. It is actively used in medicine in the treatment of infectious pathologies of the urinary system and upper respiratory tract. "Rulid" has a rather narrow antibacterial effect. It is not recommended to use it yourself: you may simply not notice the result. Admission is possible only after identifying the name of the pathogenic bacteria due to the action of which the disease arose.
List of effective broad-spectrum antibiotics in ampoules
Injection form antibiotics for infections of the genitourinary system in women and men have proven their safety in comparison with tablet drugs. When administered intramuscularly or intravenously, the drug enters almost immediately directly into the blood. Tablets are almost always very aggressive towards the mucous membrane of the esophagus and stomach (which is why they are usually advised to be taken after meals). Injection administration does not have these disadvantages. Rarely anyone knows how to give themselves injections, so such products are used mainly only in hospital settings. In addition, for self-administration of injections, the sterility of the room is very important.
- "Cefoperazone" belongs to the group of cephalosporins. the drug is produced only in the form of ampoules for injection, which should be administered once or twice a day, depending on the pathology. "Cefoperazone" is used for infectious inflammation in the respiratory, urinary tract, and for dermatological pathologies. It has proven its effectiveness as an antibiotic for infections of the genitourinary system in men and women. In some cases, use in the case of gynecological infectious inflammation is justified.
- "Lincomycin" is a universal antibiotic. For genitourinary infections, the latest generation can be used both intravenously and intramuscularly. Often prescribed for developmental therapy infectious pathologies after the abdominal operations. The exact dosage and frequency of administration is determined only by the attending physician.
List of modern broad-spectrum antibiotics in suppositories
Rectal and vaginal administration, to the same extent as injection, reduces the load on the organs of the digestive tract. Some patients are confused by this release form. Meanwhile, antibiotics for genitourinary infections in children are in the form rectal suppositories- some of the best. Depending on the chosen dosage, they can be used in children, adolescents and adults. When treating urogenital infections in women, vaginal suppositories with antibiotic action can be used.
If we talk about specific suppositories, it is worth noting such suppositories as:
- "Indomethacin" in the form rectal suppositories;
- "Methyluracil" in the form vaginal suppositories;
- "Terzhinan";
- "Pimafucin";
- Diclofenac suppositories - can be used both rectally and vaginally.
Antibiotic drugs for cystitis and kidney inflammation
Cystitis most often inevitably leads to pyelonephritis. And the reason lies in the fact that women, for one reason or another, postpone visiting the doctor and try to get treatment folk remedies or homeopathy. As a result, the infection rises through the ureters and chronic pyelonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys and pelvis) develops. This is a very serious condition that after several years (and in some patients even faster) leads to the development of chronic renal failure. And this disease is already fatal and requires either a donor kidney transplant or attending hemodialysis procedures for the rest of your life.
The most effective antibiotics for pyelonephritis and cystitis:
- "Cefotaxime";
- "Amoxicillin";
- "Lincomycin";
- "Augmentin".
The patient cannot prescribe these antibiotics on his own, since if the type of bacteria that provoked pyelonephritis is outside the “action zone” of the drug, then the therapy will be in vain. Only after passing tests and drawing up a complete clinical picture of the disease is it permissible to prescribe treatment.
What antibiotic is the most effective for genitourinary infections?
There is no exact answer to this question, since depending on the general health and level of immunity of the patient, therapy will be different in each case. for example, if a urinary tract infection also spreads to the genitals, it will be necessary complex treatment several antibiotics at once. Such complex cases should be treated in a hospital setting, constantly undergo tests and monitor which antibiotic had the best effect on the clinical picture.
Based on the test results, an experienced urologist or nephrologist can accurately prescribe the most effective medicine with antibiotic action. In each specific case, the treatment regimen will be different.
Methods for preventing genitourinary infections
It is always easier to prevent a disease than to treat it. If you comply simple rules, then the development of genitourinary infectious diseases can be prevented, and antibiotic therapy will not be needed.
- Do not sit on a cold floor, on concrete, do not allow the lumbar region and legs to become hypothermic. In rainy, cold weather, wear only high-quality, warm, waterproof shoes.
- Watch your diet. Avoid starvation and avoid strict diets. The quality of the immune system, and therefore its ability to resist, depends on the quality and quantity of food taken. various infections. Once a quarter you should take a course of a high-quality vitamin and mineral complex.
- Do not swim in bodies of water with dirty water, do not stay in cold sea water for a long time. It should be noted that swimming in water in which other people are located often causes infection with various infectious diseases.
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