Staphylococcus aureus: what is it and how is it dangerous. Staphylococcal infection. Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococci are a group of gram-positive bacteria that have a spherical or spherical shape.

Staphylococci are facultative anaerobes. These microorganisms are widespread everywhere. Conditionally pathogenic forms of staphylococci are part of the normal microflora of human skin, and also colonize the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, etc.

Staphylococcus aureus are pathogenic cocci. However, about 30-35% of the world's population are permanent healthy carriers of this bacterium.

With a decrease in immunity pathogenic staphylococci cause a wide range of diseases: from mild pyoderma to pyelonephritis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc.

The inflammatory process can affect the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, nervous systems, etc.

For medicine, 3 types of staphylococcus are of particular interest:

Epidermal... It is a component of normal skin microflora. Disease-causing bacteria are dangerous for people with reduced immunity, newborns and cancer patients.
Golden. Pathogenic staphylococci. This strain of staphylococcus is most often localized on the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract... The most dangerous are methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which are resistant to most antibiotics.
Saprophytic. Conditionally pathogenic staphylococcus aureus. May cause cystitis and urethritis.

Antibiotics for the treatment of staphylococcal infection should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor, based on the results of cultures for the sensitivity of the pathogen to antimicrobial drugs.

This is due to the fact that in last years pathogenic species of staphylococci mutate and are characterized by increased resistance to antibiotics. For example, Staphylococcus aureus is able to break down β-lactam antibiotics using a special enzyme - penicillinase. When getting rid of of this type Inhibitor-protected penicillins and some 2- and 3-generation cephalosporins have proven themselves well.

The main disadvantage of antibiotic drugs is their indiscriminate nature. After a long course of treatment, the qualitative and quantitative composition is impaired. intestinal microflora, which leads to the development of dysbiosis. Antibiotics destroy beneficial microorganisms, which promote the assimilation of proteins, vitamins and minerals, the digestion of food, provide lipid metabolism and neutralize putrefactive bacteria and toxins.

Most often, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat these serious diseases, how:

- this is inflammatory process bacterial genesis arising in the kidneys.
Staphylococcal pneumonia is a severe inflammation of the lung tissue, in which there is a high likelihood of developing sepsis.
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium - the inner lining of the heart. Endocarditis has an infectious etiology. The disease is characterized by pronounced symptoms: fever, shortness of breath, general weakness and pain in the chest area.
Myocarditis is an inflammatory process in the heart muscle, most often associated with the action of a bacterial agent;
- a purulent-necrotic process that affects bone tissue;
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response of the body to an infectious infection;
- an inflammatory process, mainly of a bacterial nature, with localization in the external, middle or inner ear;
- infectious and inflammatory lesion of the elements of the pharyngeal ring.

Antimicrobial drugs that eradicate staphylococci

Inhibitor-protected and antistaphylococcal penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones are the main drugs used in the treatment of staphylococcal infections.

The difficulty lies in the fact that methicillin-resistant Styphilococcus aureus exists, which causes severe and difficult to treat diseases, such as sepsis and staphylococcal pneumonia. Microbiologists call it multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The medical community is sounding the alarm, because every year the number of resistant strains is increasing by an average of 10%. These data were obtained during scientific research conducted in the United States of America. When methicillin-resistant staphylococcus enters the body, the likelihood of death increases dramatically. However, even modern drugs last generation do not guarantee complete eradication of pathogenic bacteria.

Clarithromycin ®

Azithromycin ®

It is an antibacterial drug wide range actions related to azalids. Azithromycin ® is actively used in the treatment of otolaryngological diseases. It inhibits protein synthesis, blocks the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

It is used to treat pyoderma, bronchitis, otitis media, sinusitis, etc.

Admission is allowed during pregnancy, but only under the supervision of a doctor. Treatment of staphylococcus with Azithromycin ® during the period breastfeeding unacceptable.

Vancomycin ®

A tricyclic antibiotic from the glycopeptide group. Refers to reserve drugs for carrying out antimicrobial therapy against Staphylococcus aureus and other multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Vancomycin ® is aggressive towards many resistant strains, and the bactericidal effect is due to inhibition of the biosynthesis of the cell wall of the pathogenic microorganism. It is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy. On later dates accepted only in the absence of alternative therapies.

Amoxicillin ®

It is a semisynthetic broad-spectrum drug related to penicillins. The acid in its composition is obtained from mold cultures. Data organic compounds It is highly active against staphylococcus (with the exception of penicillinase-producing strains).

Often, Amoxicillin ® is prescribed as a prophylaxis. Its reception avoids postoperative complications... Bioavailability index for medicinal substance higher than most analogs. The antibiotic crosses the placental barrier, excreted in small quantities in breast milk.

Not recommended for patients with infectious mononucleosis; during relapse chronic carriage Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus infections; in the presence of renal and liver failure; in patients with beta-lactam intolerance. The drug is incompatible with alcohol.

Lincomycin ®

Is an antibiotic for the treatment of third generation staphylococcus fluoroquinolones. It is indicated for staphylococcal pneumonia, tuberculosis, sinusitis and pyelonephritis.

Like all fluoroquinolone preparations, it is quite toxic.

Does not apply to the treatment of patients:

under the age of 18;
pregnant and breastfeeding women;
with hemolytic anemia, epilepsy, diseases of the joints and ligaments.

It is prescribed with caution in elderly patients, due to age-related decrease in renal function.

Roxithromycin ®

Alternative treatments

Bacterial lysates promote active production of antibodies against staphylococcus. They are safe, non-addictive and have no side effects.
Staphylococcal toxoid forms antistaphylococcal immunity, forcing the body to fight not only against bacteria, but also against its toxin. Toxoid is injected for 10 days.
Vaccination against staphylococcus is permissible from the age of six months. Staphylococcal toxoid is a neutralized and purified staphylococcal toxin. When administered, it promotes the formation of specific antibodies to exotoxins produced by staphylococcus. Applicable for children over one year old. Vaccination is routinely administered to workers Agriculture and the industrial sector, surgical patients, donors. The frequency of administration and the intervals between them depend on the purpose of vaccination.
Galavit ® Is an immunomodulatory drug with anti-inflammatory action, which has proven itself in the eradication of resistant strains of staphylococcus. It has a complex effect, increasing protective functions organism and destroying pathogenic microorganisms... It is released in the form of a powder, in order to prepare a solution for intramuscular injection(used in patients over 18 years of age), in tablet form and in the form of suppositories for rectal administration. Galavit ® is approved for use from 6 years old. Not prescribed for pregnant and lactating women.
Chlorophyllipt ® Is an antiseptic medicine that relieves inflammation and contains a mixture of chlorophylls from eucalyptus leaves. A weakly concentrated solution is used orally for infectious intestinal lesions. For the treatment of the skin, solutions with a higher concentration of the drug are prepared. Chlorophyllipt ® is prescribed for adults and children over 12 years of age.

Did you know Staphylococcus aureus is the only cause of acne or acne?

Many people have experienced an infection such as Staphylococcus aureus, the symptoms in adults are somewhat different from those in children. Staphylococci are aerobic gram-positive bacteria that form numerous irregular clusters. They got their name due to the appearance of a golden glow when sown on a nutrient medium. Staphylococcus aureus is found on many objects of the environment, it can exist for a long time in food products, on household items, in breast milk, on the skin and mucous membranes of a person.

In small quantities, these bacteria are found on the mucous membranes and skin of any person. However, the infection develops only in people with reduced immunity, because normal microflora able to cope with the regulation of the number of these microorganisms. With a decrease in the protective properties of the immune system, staphylococci multiply intensively and cause serious illness... The high pathogenicity of the bacteria is associated with several factors. First of all, because staphylococcus is resistant to many disinfectants and high temperature (withstands heating up to 100 ° С, freezing, exposure ethyl alcohol). This microorganism produces special enzymes that make it resistant to many types of antibiotics. These same substances help bacteria penetrate deep into tissues. human body.

The waste product of staphylococci is endotoxin; entering the body, it causes all the symptoms of acute food poisoning. Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus is not produced, so re-infection is possible. Being in a hospital, a person is most susceptible to infection, because the surrounding air contains the largest number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.

Where does staphylococcal infection come from? Infection is facilitated by a decrease in immunity caused by the following reasons: hormonal drugs, wrong course of antibiotics, poor nutrition, deficiency of vitamins in the body, lack of personal hygiene, the use of contaminated food. Infection can be local or general. Common include septicocemia and septicopyemia. Local infections include infections of the mucous membranes, joints, skin, mammary glands and sinuses. V a separate category secrete food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

A bacterial infection can be either primary or secondary. The disease can occur in acute or chronic form... In terms of severity, infections are mild, moderate and heavy.

The infection manifests itself in different ways depending on the location of the primary focus. Common symptoms is an subfebrile temperature, weakness, decreased appetite, nausea. When sweat glands are infected, dense reddish nodules appear in the area of skin folds. Over time, they begin to fester. When infected sebaceous glands bubbles filled with liquid are formed. After opening them, a crust appears. Staphylococcus aureus can cause and exfoliative dermatitis characterized by the appearance of large blisters, as with burns. With spontaneous opening of the blisters, an ulcer is formed. When the lower layers of the skin are affected, an abscess forms - purulent abscess... The ingress of infection into the burrs causes felon. On defeat subcutaneous tissue phlegmon occurs.

With the penetration of Staphylococcus aureus into the mucous membranes of the eyes, conjunctivitis is observed, the main signs of which are edema, lacrimation, purulent discharge, photophobia. When staphylococci enter the nasal sinuses, it develops infectious rhinitis with purulent discharge from the nose. With infection of the upper respiratory tract, pharyngitis develops, tonsillitis with dry cough. Very often these diseases are combined with pneumonia. At the same time, shortness of breath appears, a painful cough and intense fever.

With damage to the cerebral cortex, meningitis develops. This disease in adults is milder than in children. Meningitis is characterized by severe vomiting, severe headaches, skin rash and epileptic seizures... During the puncture, the bone marrow fluid comes out under pressure and has a purulent impurity.

Staphylococcus aureus can also affect the genitourinary system, causing urethritis, pyelonephritis and cystitis. The main symptoms of these diseases are pain in the lumbar region, frequent urination, elevated temperature body. Urine contains protein increased amount leukocytes, bacterial culture reveals Staphylococcus aureus. Food poisoning occurs when it gets into digestive system contaminated food. Its main signs are: diarrhea, vomiting, greenish stools.

Blood infection - sepsis - develops with a pronounced decrease in immunity. The disease is extremely difficult, there is a strong fever, symptoms of body poisoning, loss of consciousness. With infectious toxic shock, blood pressure drops to a critical level, the patient may fall into a coma. Septicopyemia is the presence of bacteria in the blood with the formation of purulent infectious foci in the internal organs and on the human skin.

First of all, staphylococcus in adults must be distinguished from streptococcal infections. When diagnosing staphylococcal infections the following methods are used: coagulase test lasting 4 hours (if necessary, it can be extended), latex agglutination - analysis using latex particles that react to antibodies to staphylococcus. Mandatory execution general analysis urine to determine the number of leukocytes, neutrophils and staphylococci.

In addition, sowing is carried out on a nutrient medium to determine the causative agent of the infection and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. Feces should be submitted for analysis no later than 2 hours after using the toilet. Swabs from the mucous membranes of the mouth are taken before taking medications and brushing your teeth.

A smear for conjunctivitis is taken from the mucous membrane of the lower eyelid sterile cotton swab moistened with distilled water. Before taking a smear from the skin, they are treated with an antiseptic and cleaned of crusts. The agglutination reaction allows you to track the rate of spread of the infection and the effectiveness of treatment. It is carried out every 7 days. If the antibody titer rises more than 100 times, the infection progresses.

Tactics and methods of treatment

At easy course diseases, antibiotic treatment may not be prescribed. In severe and moderate forms, semi-synthetic antibiotics are prescribed - oxacillin, cefazolin.

If the bacteria are resistant to them, vancomycin is given. The duration of the course of treatment depends on the severity of the course of the disease (the norm is at least 7 days). V severe cases doctors prescribe a course of treatment lasting several months.

With purulent skin rashes, antibiotics should be combined with local treatment - treatment with mupirocin. In its absence, the wounds are treated with brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide or antibacterial ointments.

With conjunctivitis, the eyes are washed with a light pink solution of potassium permanganate and albucid is instilled 3-4 times a day. With abscesses and boils, drainage is installed to drain purulent contents. The course of treatment includes taking antistaphylococcal bacteriophages and immunoglobulin. In case of food poisoning, antibiotics are not prescribed, they are replaced with antistaphylococcal toxoid. It also requires gastric lavage and intravenous administration of glucose solution.

Taking antibiotics should be accompanied by taking antifungal agents.

At correct treatment diseases of the lungs, its forms are cured within 7 days. Forms such as septicopyemia and sepsis are more dangerous and in half of the cases are fatal. Therefore, a doctor should be consulted at the first symptoms of this dangerous infection.

In nature, there are more than 27 types of staphylococci. Most of them are absolutely harmless to humans. A separate "sad" niche in this variety staphylococcal bacteria occupies Staphylococcus aureus as one of the common causes of purulent-septic lesions of the human body at any age.

Staphylococcus aureus facts:

WAYS OF INFECTION

The source of staphylococcal infection can be a sick person or a carrier of bacteria.

Risk factors for staphylococcal infection:

Any damage to the skin and mucous membranes - cracks, abrasions, punctures, etc.
Failure to comply with basic rules of personal hygiene.
Primary or secondary immunodeficiency eg AIDS.
Prematurity.
Long-term use of antibacterial, hormonal or immunosuppressive drugs.
Unfavorable environmental factors.
Chronic somatic pathology, for example, diabetes, diseases thyroid gland etc.
Acute and chronic infectious diseases of any localization, as well as others pathological conditions.

SYMPTOMS

The manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus infection depend on the site of introduction and aggressiveness of the pathogen, as well as the state of the patient's immune system.

Staphylococcus aureus is capable of infecting almost all body tissues - from the skin to the peritoneum and internal organs. It can also cause general blood poisoning.

The most common diseases caused by S. aureus are:

Various pustular skin lesions - pyoderma. By depth inflammatory lesion distinguish between folliculitis, boils, carbuncles, abscesses and phlegmon.
Purulent mastitis in lactating women.
Lesions of the upper respiratory tract - rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc. The main sign of Staphylococcus aureus in these cases is the presence of purulent discharge from the nasopharynx.
Bronchitis, pneumonia and pleurisy. Staphylococcal pneumonia is especially difficult. Intoxication symptoms, pain in chest, since often in pathological process the pleura is also involved. The formation of purulent foci (abscesses) in lung tissue that can break through pleural cavity- empyema.
This pathogen is the leading cause of purulent lesions of the musculoskeletal system (osteomyelitis and arthritis). Such pathological conditions develop more often in adolescents. In adults, staphylococcal arthritis often develops in the presence of existing rheumatism or after joint replacement.
The defeat of the inner lining of the heart - endocarditis. It occurs in about every tenth patient with bacteremia. Moreover, in short time the destruction of the heart valves occurs with the emergence severe complications and high frequency deaths.
Toxins that Staphylococcus aureus produces sometimes cause severe intoxication the human body - food poisoning, TSS and some others.
The first symptoms of staphylococcus aureus in food poisoning usually appear several hours after eating contaminated food. Nausea, vomiting appears, spastic pain in a stomach, watery stools... Usually, these symptoms disappear on their own within 24 hours.

DIAGNOSTICS

It is reliable to assert that it is Staphylococcus aureus, only on the basis of clinical manifestations in most cases it is impossible, since the symptoms of such an infection are nonspecific.

An accurate diagnosis allows you to establish a bacteriological culture of discharge from pathological foci with subsequent microscopic examination. At the same time, the sensitivity of the microbe to the effects of antibacterial agents is also determined.

On nutrient media Staphylococcus aureus forms smooth, convex, unclear colonies with a diameter of about 4-5 mm. Such colonies are colored in various shades of yellow, which explains the name of the pathogen.

TREATMENT

Staphylococcus aureus is treated in a complex.

Treatment principles for Staphylococcus aureus:

Suppression of microbial growth. Various antibacterial drugs and staphylococcal bacteriophages are used.
Antibacterial agents are the mainstay of treatment. It is highly desirable, if possible, to use those antibiotics to which the identified type of Staphylococcus aureus is sensitive.
The most commonly used drugs of the penicillin group (semi-synthetic, combined with clavulanic acid, etc.). Aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, etc. are also widely used.
Be sure to carry out and local treatment antibacterial drugs in the form of ointments, creams, lotions, etc. Usually, such procedures are prescribed after surgical debridement of foci of infection and evacuation of purulent contents.
Correction of disorders of the immune status is carried out by the appointment of immunomodulators, antioxidants, vitamin complexes etc.
For specific immunotherapy use antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins and plasma.
It is imperative to carry out a full-fledged treatment of concomitant pathology, which reduces the reactivity of the body.

Curing Staphylococcus aureus is not an easy task. This microbe very quickly forms resistance (resistance) to many antibacterial agents... This is due to the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in cases where they are not needed.

It is important to remember that antibacterial treatment staphylococcal infection should be carried out only if it is present. A "positive" test for Staphylococcus aureus externally healthy person- not a reason to prescribe antibiotics.

COMPLICATIONS

The main complication of Staphylococcus aureus is the formation of purulent foci different localization... The penetration of the pathogen into the systemic circulation is fraught with the development severe conditions that seriously threaten health and even life (sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis, etc.).

For example, with the localization of pustular formations on the skin of the face, Staphylococcus aureus with blood flow can be brought into meninges and the brain with the formation of meningitis or brain abscess.

PREVENTION

The basis for the prevention of staphylococcal infection is to increase nonspecific immunity. It is necessary to lead healthy image life, observe the rules of personal hygiene, eat right and give up bad habits.

It is important to diagnose and treat all somatic and infectious pathologies in time.

RECOVERY OUTLOOK

The prognosis depends on the localization of the pathological focus of staphylococcal infection, the severity of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

With mild lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, the prognosis is almost always favorable. With the development of bacteremia with damage to internal organs, the prognosis deteriorates sharply, since in more than half of the cases, such conditions are fatal.

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A large number of bacteria of various types are constantly present in the human body. Some of them may long time located in the human body, without causing any inconvenience, but under certain conditions, they can cause significant harm. One of these opportunistic microorganisms is.

This species, subject to strong immune protection, does not manifest itself in any way, however, with a decrease in protective forces, it can provoke rather serious pathologies, in some cases leading to death. In half of the cases, the disease is asymptomatic. Therefore, it is important to know how Staphylococcus aureus is treated in adults.

Scientists call Staphylococcus aureus a sphere-shaped bacterium. This one lives in the air and on various objects.

When carrying out special tests, these bacteria acquire a special color due to their gram-positive nature.

The pathogenicity of this type of microorganisms is due to the presence of special toxins and enzymes in them.

These substances can disrupt the functioning of the body's cells and destroy its tissues.

fever occurs;
rashes appear with spots;
the skin begins to peel off;
blood pressure becomes low;
there is a feeling of nausea;
headaches and sore throats appear;
the functioning of the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys is disrupted.

Besides, this condition can develop when:

the use of condoms during intercourse;
in the period after the birth of the child;
carrying out an infected abortion;
receiving injuries of various kinds.

Symptoms of complications

Ritter's disease can only appear in people with immunodeficiency. First, a person is struck by an infection provoked by staphylococci.

After several hours or days, the surface layer of the dermis shrinks.

When pressed on the damaged areas, the epithelium exfoliates, forming specific areas. These areas have a specific shine and red color.

Through such damage, a person loses a lot of fluid.

Food intoxication... It occurs after eating an infected product. Symptoms appear pretty soon - within two to four hours after infection. In this case, the following signs appear:

nausea;
pain in the abdomen;
vomit;
diarrhea.

To provoke an infection, it is necessary that microorganisms multiply in the human body. The symptomatology that will manifest itself will depend on the habitat of the microbes.

and soft tissues of the body:

folliculitis - a small abscess is formed with a yellow center and a red border;
boil - inflamed hair follicle and fabrics around him;
carbuncle - several follicles merge into one and have one necrotic center;
phlegmon - purulent fusion of the subcutaneous tissue spreads deeper and along the tissues;
abscess - a focus of melting of the subcutaneous layers is formed, which is limited from healthy areas.

Respiratory tract infections:

Important! Staphylococcal pneumonia can lead to breakdown lung tissue, the development of a lung abscess or sepsis.

Nervous system pathologies:

brain abscess;
subdural empyema;
epidural abscess.

Diseases of bones and joints:

osteomyelitis of tubular bones;
fusion of the space around bones in flat bones;
bone necrosis;
arthritis and bursitis of a purulent nature.

Defeat is also possible urinary tract and organs of the cardiovascular system.

Most serious complication infection is sepsis(blood poisoning). With this pathology, bacteria are carried with the blood stream throughout all body systems and provoke the formation a large number foci of a purulent nature.

How is Staphylococcus aureus treated in adults

Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus in adults (photos of symptoms are presented above) should occur under the close supervision of a specialist.

To destroy Staphylococcus aureus, the specialist determines the schemes and methods of treatment based on the individual indicators of the patient.

Effective treatment of Staphylococcus aureus is based on a competent assessment by a specialist of the number of microbial colonies present in the biological material:

with an indicator below 1 * 10 4 microorganisms per gram of material, only certain complexes of vitamins and drugs are prescribed that stimulate the natural defense of the body;
when the number of bacteria is less than 10 * 10 4, certain antibiotics are introduced into the course of therapy;
if the number of microbes exceeds 100 * 10, 4 patients are placed in the intensive care unit and massive therapy is performed.

In most cases, to eliminate staphylococcal infections, conservative and operational methods treatment.

Antibiotics

Includes:

antibacterial drugs - antibiotics from a number of penicillins are used, however, in difficult cases, drugs such as "Augmentin", "Vancomycin", "Targotsid" are prescribed.
bacteriophages are artificially derived viruses that destroy only staphylococci;
antistaphylococcal plasma or antistaphylococcal immunoglobulin are already prepared antibodies against microorganisms of this type;
immunomodulators and adaptogens - these funds are necessary to increase the body's natural defenses against pathogenic bacteria.

If necessary, carry out surgery ... In this case, the cavities filled with purulent mass are opened and they are cleaned and washed with antibacterial agents.

Important! Antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus in adults are prescribed without waiting for the results of cultural inoculation. In the future, taking into account the antibiogram data, the specialist changes them to more suitable ones.

The same drugs are relevant when answering the question of how to treat Staphylococcus aureus in the throat in adults.

With localization of Staphylococcus aureus in the nose, treatment in adults will be complemented by the following drugs:

means that contain particles of pathogenic bacteria, due to which the production of antibodies is stimulated;
Chlorophyllipt;
ointment "Bactroban" in the nasal cavity;
"Galavit" is a means of increasing immunity.

With food intoxication patients ask how to treat Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine in adults. In this case, therapy is complemented by such means as:

intestinal antiseptics;
alcohol solution of "Chlorophyllipt";
enterosorbents;
probiotics;
prebiotics.

Antibiotic resistance

It is impossible to give a guarantee for the complete destruction of staphylococcus bacteria in the human body. A large number of stamps of microorganisms of this type over time acquired significant resistance to a number of the most common drugs.

In the language medical professionals these bacteria are called methicillin-resistant bacteria (MRSA). Every year the number of especially stable stamps increases.

Greatest danger carry staphylococci from medical institutions.

Due to the fact that during their existence they were subjected to processing by different medicines and disinfectants, it is quite difficult for a specialist to choose effective drug against them.

Summary

Staphylococcus bacteria belong to the group of opportunistic pathogens. With a decrease in the body's immune defenses, they can cause either intoxication or infection.
The symptomatology of the disease will depend on the location of the microorganisms.

How to cure Staphylococcus aureus in an adult can only be determined by a highly qualified doctor. Therefore, when diagnosing that there is a Staphylococcus aureus infection in the patient's body, treatment should be prescribed only by a specialist.

In contact with

Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that, unlike many prokaryotes, has a golden color, which is the causative agent of purulent pathological processes in the human body.

Children are most susceptible to infection with Staphylococcus aureus, so today we will talk about the causes of diseases resulting from infection, symptoms and consequences of Staphylococcus aureus for kids.

The causes of the disease, how is it transmitted?

Staphylococcus aureus is transmitted as by airborne droplets and through food(contaminated meat, eggs, dairy products, cakes, cream cakes) or household items.
Staphylococcus aureus can enter the child's body as well through microtrauma skin or mucous membranes respiratory tract.

In most cases, Staphylococcus aureus infection occurs in a medical facility.

Imbalance of intestinal microflora, weakened the immune system, autoinfection - the main causes of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Are at greatest risk of infection premature babies and immunocompromised babies .

During childbirth , through wounds or scratches, and across breast milk the mother can infect the child. If bacteria entered the mother's body through cracks in the nipples, then this can lead to purulent mastitis in her.

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Staphylococcus aureus in children, if not treated in time, can cause diseases such as osteomyelitis, meningitis, pneumonia, infectious toxic shock, sepsis, endocarditis and etc.

Degrees in children - what is the carriage of Staphylococcus aureus?

There are two stages of Staphylococcus aureus infection in children.

On early stage , when several hours have passed since the moment of infection, the disease is characterized by lethargy, diarrhea, high fever, vomiting, and lack of appetite.
Late form the disease does not appear immediately, but after 3-5 days. In this case, the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in children are skin lesions(boils, purulent wounds), infection of internal organs and blood.

Often the visible manifestations of the disease are interpreted in various forms. They can appear as pinpoint rash or ulcers, solitary pustules or cover the skin evenly. Therefore, such symptoms are often confused with diaper dermatitis and do not attach importance to infection.

Sometimes the disease is asymptomatic , and it can only be revealed through laboratory research... In this case, the pathogen remains in the child's body. infectious diseases and is periodically allocated in environment... This manifestation of the disease is called carriage of Staphylococcus aureus , and this carrier is not treated with any antibiotics.

If not visible symptoms Staphylococcus aureus, and the child does not show anxiety, then treatment medicines postponed, and parents come to grips with strengthening the child's immunity.

The situation is much more serious with the active manifestation of the disease. At the slightest suspicion of a disease, an urgent need to go to the hospital. Hospitalization of mother and child is carried out, which is accompanied by drug treatment.

Only with strict adherence to all prescriptions of doctors you can get rid of the infection and avoid relapses of the disease!

Signs and symptoms. How is the analysis performed?

There are many signs of Staphylococcus aureus in newborn babies and children preschool age... These are:

Ritter's disease (scalded skin syndrome). In this case, a rash or an area of inflamed skin with clear boundaries appears on the skin.
Staphylococcal pneumonia. Pneumonia caused by staphylococcal infection is much more severe than in other cases. There is severe shortness of breath, pronounced intoxication, chest pain is present.
Cellulitis and abscesses. Deep lesions of the subcutaneous tissue, followed by purulent fusion. With an abscess, the inflammation is in the form of a capsule, which prevents the process from spreading further. Phlegmon is a more serious form, because the purulent inflammatory process further expands through the tissues.
Pyoderma- damage to the skin in the area of hair exit to the skin surface. The appearance of an abscess in the area of hair growth when an abscess forms around a hair (folliculitis) indicates superficial lesion... With more serious skin lesions, not only inflammation of the hair follicle develops, but also of the surrounding tissues (furuncle), as well as inflammation of a whole group of hair follicles (carbuncle).
Brain abscess or purulent meningitis may develop due to the appearance of carbuncles and boils on the face, because the blood circulation on the face is specific and staphylococcus aureus can enter the brain.
Osteomyelitis. In 95% of cases purulent inflammation bone marrow occurs due to staphylococcal infection.
Sepsis- when a huge variety of staphylococcal bacteria are carried by the blood throughout the body, where secondary foci of infection subsequently occur, which appear on the internal organs.
Endocarditis- heart disease, ending in death in 60% of cases. It occurs as a result of staphylococcal damage to the inner membrane and heart valves.
Toxic shock. A large number of aggressive toxins entering the bloodstream cause fever, instant fall blood pressure, headache, vomiting, pain in abdominal cavity, impaired consciousness. With food toxicosis, the disease manifests itself 2-6 hours after eating.

To identify the causative agent of the disease, you need to pass blood test and / or biological fluid from wounds on Staphylococcus aureus. After conducting research in laboratories and testing for susceptibility to antibiotics, the doctor prescribes antibiotics that can kill staphylococci.

What are the consequences and how dangerous?

Staphylococcal infection can affect any organ. The consequences of Staphylococcus aureus are unpredictable, tk. it is this type of staphylococcus that can cause diseases that in the future, if not treated in time, can turn into chronic ones.

According to statistics, already on the third day, 99% of newborn babies have staphylococcus bacteria, both inside the baby's body and on the surface of the skin... At strong immunity this bacterium coexists peacefully with the rest of the bacteria in the body.

Most often staphylococcus affects the nasopharynx, brain, skin, intestines, lungs.
Staphylococcus aureus is dangerous because untimely treatment of a neglected disease can be fatal.
At food poisoning and superficial manifestations on the skin, you need to sound the alarm and contact qualified specialists, and not wait for a staphylococcal infection to strike internal organs and will acquire septic form , i.e. - blood poisoning.

To protect the newborn as much as possible from infection with Staphylococcus aureus:

Maintain your child's immunity;
Follow the rules of personal hygiene;
Keep bottles, teats, spoons, other feeding utensils, toys, and household items clean.

The site warns: self-medication can harm the health of your baby! The diagnosis should be made only by a doctor after an examination. Therefore, if you find symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus in a child, be sure to consult a specialist!