Analysis for hidden infections and a list of hidden infections. Why are hidden infections dangerous? Signs and diagnosis of latent genital infections in women

Sexually transmitted infections can be latent without causing acute symptoms malaise and inflammation of the reproductive organs. The latent course threatens the development of a sluggish, progressive adnexitis, endometritis, prostatitis, obstruction fallopian tubes and infertility. Latent infections are revealed during a medical examination.

Asymptomatic STIs may be present in the body long time, not showing himself in any way. Often it is not possible to detect pathogenic microorganisms or viruses when microscopic examination vaginal smears or bacterial culture.

Bacteria penetrate into the cells of the mucous membrane, so the body does not produce antibodies that can cope with infectious agents. V soft tissues the vagina begins to develop an inflammatory process, then the uterus is affected, fallopian tubes, ovaries. Inflammation is diagnosed in men prostate, sperm production is impaired. With damage to the urinary system, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis develop.

List of hidden infections:

gardnerellosis;
papillomavirus;
chlamydia;
trichomoniasis;
period of HIV;
genital herpes;
mobiluncus;
mycoplasmosis;
cytomegalovirus;
leptotrix.

The latent period of the course of the disease after infection often becomes the cause of female and male infertility... If pregnancy nevertheless occurs, there is a risk of intrauterine infection of the fetus, the birth of a child with various pathologies internal organs.

Latent STIs provoke abortion for early dates lead to the death of the embryo. In men, the quality and quantity of motile sperm deteriorates, and the chance of conceiving a child decreases. If latent infections are not treated for a long time, erectile dysfunction develops, impotence caused by chronic inflammation prostate.

The latent (incubation) period of HIV lasts from 3 months to 1 year. At this time, it is impossible to detect an infection, the diagnosis is made if antibodies to the immunodeficiency virus are present in the blood. The virus envelope does not dissolve in biological fluids organism, therefore, the disease does not appear for a rather long period. HIV enters T-lymphocytes and begins to multiply actively when immune cells becomes small, symptoms begin to appear acute stage diseases.

Infection routes

Latent infection is transmitted sexually (genital, oral, anal), and infection can occur even during the latent period of carriage. In women, with a weakening of immunity, a violation of the vaginal microflora occurs, the number of beneficial lactobacilli decreases, fungi, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gardnerella begin to grow actively, which did not previously cause symptoms of malaise.

Infectious agents penetrate to reproductive organs along the ascending path from the surface of the genitals, mucous membranes of the vagina further into the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. In representatives of the stronger sex, the urethra, seminal canal, and prostate are affected.

Many are interested in whether it is possible to get sexually transmitted infections through everyday contact. Diseases are transmitted only during intimacy. Viruses enter the body when they get on the mucous membranes oral cavity or genitals.

In most cases, STIs affect the urinary system, there is a frequent urge to urinate, and emptying of the bladder causes sharp pains and cramps. Urine is excreted in small portions, it becomes cloudy, blotches of blood may be present.

With the development of a generalized infection, many mucous membranes of the body are affected. Disruption of the immune system contributes to the fact that people often become infected with colds with complications, get stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastrointestinal diseases.

How to recognize hidden infections

Diseases do not cause pronounced signs genital lesions. It is worth being examined by a doctor in such situations:

increased amount of vaginal discharge;
periodically arise aching pain lower abdomen;
the menstrual cycle is disturbed;
there are difficulties with conceiving a child;
discharge has an unpleasant odor;
worried about itching, redness, swelling of the external genital organs;
body temperature often rises to 37.5 °;
there were herpetic eruptions in the genital area;
single or multiple papillomas have grown;
the inguinal lymph nodes have increased;
intercourse causes discomfort, painful sensations.

Normally, the volume of vaginal discharge in a woman increases during ovulation; when infected with sexually transmitted infections, the secret is produced constantly. At the same time, it becomes cloudy, contains air bubbles, becomes yellowish, putrid or sour smell... At hidden diseases periods are too abundant or, conversely, scanty, smearing, intermenstrual bleeding occurs.

Diagnostics

To identify hidden infections, you need to take the following invitro:

A mixed infection is often detected when several types of bacteria, protozoa or viruses are simultaneously present in the materials under study. An innovative method PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allows you to accurately determine which pathogens are the cause of the disease, even with a minimum content of pathogenic cells in the blood at the most early stages... The data obtained helps to effectively carry out the treatment.

It is necessary to pass it when uncomfortable symptoms appear in the lower abdomen, at the stage of pregnancy planning and early gestation of a child.

Laboratory tests of invitro are assigned to married couples who for a long time cannot conceive or bear a child, to women who have undergone previously frozen pregnancies, the death of babies.

ELISA tests for latent infections help determine if there are specific antibodies in the blood, assess the titer pathogenic microorganisms, correctly prescribe treatment. By the type of immunoglobulins (Ig), it is established how long the pathogen is in the human body, and at what stage the disease is now.

Vacuum sanitation

In some cases, it is possible to detect the cause of the infection with long-term ongoing inflammation only after additional reorganization vagina. This treatment allows you to slough off the cells of the mucous membranes affected by viruses or bacteria. Vibrating attachments cleanse tissues from mucus, pathogenic microorganisms, and release glandular ducts.

Vacuum sanitation can be used to cure inflammatory diseases vagina, cervix and uterine cavity, drain cysts containing pathogenic microorganisms. The obtained invitro material is examined in the laboratory by ELISA, PCR and the type of pathogen is established.

Identification of latent infections in the early stages allows timely treatment, prevention possible complications, to prevent the transition of the disease into chronic stage... Both sexual partners should be examined to exclude the possibility of re-infection.

Most often, the entrance gates for microbes that form the primary foci of latent diseases in the body are mucous membranes. respiratory tract, digestive and urogenital tracts.

Microorganisms that inhabit large quantities external environment, can be pathogenic, opportunistic or non-pathogenic (saprophytes included in normal microflora person). For the latter, infection does not play a special role, because the leading factor in the development of the disease is the weakness of the immune system. An inadequate immune response in general or a decrease in the functioning of local defenses can cause the formation of infectious process, which the can proceed in two ways:

An obvious infectious disease with an incubation period, corresponding to the pathogen clinical picture and a certain result (recovery, chronicity, recovery with consequences or progression of the process).
Asymptomatic carriage. Conditionally pathogenic flora does not always give clear manifestations of the presence of the pathogen in the body, the incubation period may be absent, the time interval from infection to the appearance of signs of infection can be indefinitely long, the local inflammatory focus may pass imperceptibly and the person will be unaware of the presence of chronic latent infections. Many problems in this regard are created by saprophytes, for example, fungi that constantly live on the intestinal mucous membranes, but, once in a different environment (urogenital tract), with weak immunity, they begin to actively multiply. Healthy the immune system usually does not allow this, that is, how long the pathogen will remain in the body of the new host depends on the type of microorganism and the state of human immunity.

Thus, the immune system belongs the main role at all levels and stages of any infectious process, where local factors play an important role in defense reactions. However, one should not unduly diminish the influence of other systems (nervous, endocrine).

When local immunity fails

Sex hormones and hormones thyroid gland activate the immune system, resulting in rapid restoration of damaged tissues and recovery. On the contrary, if there is something wrong with the hormones, the mucous membrane does not come into normal condition so quickly and the process is delayed. Quality local immunity depends on the state of the epithelium, which is determined by the hormonal background. Recent experimental data indicate that epithelial cells not only become a barrier between an infectious agent and the human body, but also participate in immunological reactions, that is, they are immunocompetent cells, since they carry receptors of some cytokines on their surface. In addition, epithelial cells leave on themselves the imprint of past events (past infections, treatment methods, types of antibiotics, etc.), therefore, when determining the origin inflammatory process often come out such details as chlamydia, trichomonads, and in other cases - gonococci.

Latent infections find favorable conditions for their habitat in female genitals, which is greatly aided by fluctuations hormonal background, which are more pronounced in women than in men. Fungi, chlamydia, myco- and ureaplasma caught on fertile soil lead to the development of vaginosis (analogue of intestinal dysbiosis) and vulvovaginitis. The woman continues to consider herself healthy, since there are no obvious deviations in the traditional examination, and the nature of the discharge and some discomfort can be mistaken for the individual characteristics of the body.

There is a pathogen, there is no disease

Basically, the list of latent infections is made up of diseases caused by microorganisms that start the process under a certain set of circumstances, therefore, in most cases, they are classified as latent sexually transmitted infections:

That's why they are hidden, so that without symptoms

Many of the listed diseases constitute a group of chronic latent infections that can occur long years and do not cause much trouble to the person. Symptoms of latent infections are usually absent, so the carriers live and do not suspect that they are sources of infection for other people. And while their own immunity regulates an adequate response, they remain healthy themselves, however, the weakening of the immune system by various reasons can lead to the development of an inflammatory process (debut in men infected with chlamydia, but confident that everything is in order in their body).

In some cases, there is a latent leak. Of course, it is difficult for a man not to notice this, but in women this is quite possible. An acute period left unattended turns into chronic form, the process subsides, Neisser's diplococci remain. They can "live" in the genital tract for a long time, until a woman has a complication (ovarian abscess, peritonitis, sepsis) or a new sexual partner comes to understand, who, a few days after sexual intercourse, will develop symptoms of a completely hidden infection.

Latent infections in babies can appear before, during or after birth. It can be chlamydia, urea and mycoplasma, herpes infection, hepatitis, HPV. As a rule, children who have received the pathogen from birth have weak immunity and are registered as often and long-term ill. The respiratory organs are mainly affected if the infection is of a bacterial nature.

Diagnostics - tests for hidden infections

Analyzes for latent infections cannot be limited to simple ones (flora, cytology). If microorganisms such as Trichomonas, candida, gonococci (and even then not always) can still be seen when checking an ordinary drug, then chlamydia, HPV, herpes and others are not visible in a smear on the flora at all, but cytological smear can only indirectly indicate the presence of infection by the reaction of the epithelium. For diagnostics, there is a list of tests for latent infections, which makes it possible to determine as much as possible certain pathogens:

Before the advent of such methods as ELISA, PCR, RIF, the diagnosis of latent infections was carried out mainly using bacterial inoculation and, although this analysis and now has not lost its relevance, the listed methods are increasingly used due to their availability (a bacteriological laboratory must meet special requirements that not every medical institution can do).

Pregnant women usually get these tests for free. Gynecologist observing expectant mother, determines the timing and list of pathogens of interest to him (many of them are included in the list of TORCH infections). They usually do not take money from patients who are being examined in a hospital or outpatient treatment which requires additional methods diagnostics.

On personal initiative, any person has the right to be tested for hidden infections. In dermatovenerologic dispensaries, infectious diseases hospitals, medical centers exists paid laboratories carrying out their diagnostics. The cost of research depends on the list of pathogens, search methods, region and status of the medical institution, so the price in Moscow and, say, in the Bryansk region will differ.

Treatment features

Called with one word "infection", these processes have much in common in treatment, for example, therapy aimed at restoring immunity (local or general) is almost always used, the suffering of which is obvious in all cases.

but the approach to each pathogen is still somewhat individual:

Situations are possible when hidden infections of various classes (viruses, bacteria, fungi) are found in one person. When and how to combine treatment, the doctor decides, because the immune system is unlikely to tolerate an ignorant attitude towards itself.

Video: hidden infections - infection and treatment, doctor's opinion

Sexually transmitted infections, which are mostly asymptomatic and detectable only by sensitive laboratory tests, but nevertheless create the preconditions for serious complications, are called latent infections

Today we can say with confidence that we are witnessing a real explosion of this kind of diseases. This is due to the loss of a culture of sexual behavior and neglect of own health especially in men

Remember that infection occurs not only through vaginal, but also through oral and anal contact

Chlamydia

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective (maintaining immunity at a high level) therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 2 weeks to 1 month.

In some cases, in the presence of certain hereditary factors, chlamydia can cause simultaneous damage to the eyes, joints and other organs (Reiter's disease)

Mycoplasmosis

The causative agents of this infection are mycoplasmas, the smallest of the free-living bacteria. Many men are carriers of mycoplasmas, which, when favorable conditions arise, cause organ inflammation. genitourinary system and can cause the development of prostatitis and infertility. Most often, mycoplasmosis does not manifest itself in any way for a long time. The main symptoms in the acute stage are: discharge from the urinary canal, discomfort, burning and itching in the urethra.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 5 days to 2 weeks.

Ureaplasmosis

Ureaplasma - the causative agent of ureaplasmosis, like mycoplasma, belongs to intracellular microbes. The symptoms of ureaplasmosis are very blurred. These are, as a rule, frequent urination, slight discharge from the urethra in the morning and mild itching in the canal in the area of the glans penis. Frequent complications, arising against the background of sluggish urethritis, are prostatitis and orchiepidymitis - inflammation of the epididymis and testicle.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy, as well as complex physiotherapy. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.

Gardnerellosis

Causative agent this disease- gardnerella, a microorganism that is a common inhabitant of the vagina in women. Normally, the vaginal microflora is represented mainly by lactobacilli. These bacteria form lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, preventing pathogenic microorganisms from multiplying. However, in small numbers, every woman has other microorganisms, including gardnerella. A man becomes infected with them only if his partner develops dysvaginosis (vaginal dysbiosis). Often, gardnerellosis is accompanied by other, more pathogenic pathogens of latent infections. Like other latent infections, gardnerellosis has no specific symptoms and can be accompanied by discharge from the urethra, as well as a feeling of discomfort in the urethra both during urination and at rest. But most often this infection of the genital tract remains asymptomatic for a long time.

Treatment: antibacterial drugs. The duration of treatment is 5-6 days.

Human papillomavirus infection

Papilloma viral infection has been known since time immemorial. Cases of this disease have been described in Ancient Greece... But it was only in the last century that viral cells were isolated from warts. Then the division of the human papillomavirus (HPV) into subtypes began. To date, over 100 subtypes of this virus are known. But something else is much more important: everything HPV types are divided into three groups.

group. Non-oncogenic HPV (not causing the development of cancer).
group. Oncogenic HPV with a low degree of oncogenicity.
group. Oncogenic HPV with high degree oncogenicity. These viruses are the most dangerous for the body.

Incubation period can last from 3 months to several years. HPV infects epithelial cells. Its manifestation is warts and genital warts(limited papillary growths of skin and mucous membranes), superficially resembling scallops or cauliflower.

By themselves, warts and warts are painless. However, HPV can cause penile cancer or anal cancer in men (this disease is 20 times more common in homosexuals).

Treatment... Unfortunately, there are currently no specific drugs for HPV. The main task during the treatment of the virus is to transfer it to an inactive state. Since it is impossible to completely get rid of HPV, there is always a threat of relapse. You can only delete external manifestations the activity of the virus, which we observe on the skin or mucous membranes. It is desirable that an experienced oncodermatologist do this.

Prophylaxis... To date, two preventive HPV vaccines have already been created: Gardasil and Cervarix. However, their protective properties apply only to 4 types of viruses with high oncogenicity. The vaccination is recommended for men between the ages of 9 and 25.

The only truly reliable means of protection against papilloma virus is still a condom.

Cytomegalovirus infection

The causative agent of this disease is cytomegalovirus. Since this virus is present in blood, saliva, urine and semen, it can be contracted most different ways, including even airborne droplets. In addition, infection is possible during the prenatal period through the mother's placenta and during feeding. infant through milk.

The disease usually does not manifest itself for a long time. Provoking factors of exacerbation cytomegalovirus infection, as a rule, hypothermia of the body, stress or long-term current other infectious diseases, as a result of which a sharp decrease in immunity occurs.

In its manifestations, the disease resembles acute respiratory infections (colds). High temperature, headache, weakness, general malaise... In men, the virus can also infect urethra and testicles. In some cases, when cytomegalovirus affects internal organs and central nervous system, this can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or even encephalitis.

Treatment: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunocorrective therapy. The duration of treatment is from 2 to 3 weeks.

Genital herpes

Herpes- one of the most common diseases in the world. Its virus is the causative agent of two diseases similar in their manifestations. Most often we are faced with the causative agent of the virus herpes simplex(HSV) type I is a so-called cold sore on the lips. If the manifestations are localized on the genitals, we are dealing with the herpes simplex virus (HSV) type II, or with the genital herpes virus. The herpes virus can be in the body for a long time and not manifest itself in anything. It integrates into cells, including nerve cells and blood cells, and is sharply activated with a decrease in immunity. The most common triggers are frequent hypothermia, chronic stress, alcohol abuse, and other infections.

Genital herpes you can get infected through any sexual intercourse. Transmission of the virus from mother to fetus is also possible. Under normal household conditions, the virus dies, which means that infection can occur only during direct contact. In public places, it is impossible to get infected with the herpes virus. In most of those infected, the disease is absolutely asymptomatic. Therefore, many people do not even suspect that they are carriers of the herpes virus.

The incubation period usually lasts 1 to 2 weeks, although sometimes it can be 1 month. Then comes the period of the so-called primary herpes, although it is rarely possible to track down in practice, the first is a case of the disease or a relapse. Typical manifestations of genital herpes during periods of exacerbation are pain, swelling and burning in the genitals. You may also have symptoms similar to colds: elevated temperature body, headache, general weakness and malaise. After several days, small bubbles appear on the genitals. When combing, they stand out clear liquid, which contains the virus itself. If you do not scratch them, then after a while the bubbles break open on their own with the formation of small and very painful ulcers. If these ulcers are located in the urethra, a strong burning sensation occurs when urinating.

Duration acute period the disease depends on the state of the body's immune system, but on average it is usually 2-3 weeks.

If the prostate is affected by the herpes virus, prostatitis occurs, if the urethra is urethritis, and if bladder- then cystitis

To diagnose herpes, it is important to correctly collect anamnesis and examine the sites of manifestations on the patient's body. This is usually enough. But if in doubt, you can use laboratory methods: Open several vials and send liquid to determine the presence of the virus or conduct a blood test to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus.

Treatment... Unfortunately, it is not yet possible to completely recover from the herpes virus. Therefore, therapy in this case comes down to eliminating symptoms and transferring the virus to an inactive ("sleeping") state. Treatment is long, usually requires several courses with a change in antiviral drugs and the appointment of immunity stimulants.

If any latent infection is detected, both partners must be treated simultaneously. Otherwise, re-infection is inevitable. It is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse without the use of condoms until the end of treatment.

Infectious pathologies do not always have pronounced symptoms. There is a whole group of diseases that do not make themselves felt for a long time. They are called "latent infections". Most often it is Despite their asymptomatic nature, they are quite dangerous. Therefore, you should be aware of their existence. To do this, let's look at a list of hidden infections in women. In addition, it is important to understand what research will help identify these diseases.

Characteristics of pathologies

Diseases on the list of hidden infections in women are ailments that become infected during intercourse. Sometimes such pathologies can be transmitted through the household or from mother to baby (vertical).

Diseases are called latent, since such pathologies are difficult to diagnose. They have a small list of manifestations. Most often, they are generally asymptomatic. Severe manifestations characterize, as a rule, the stage of complication.

These infections are nearly impossible to diagnose with routine tests such as culture or smear. To identify them, special medical research is needed. Below we will consider what and why you need to pass for hidden infections.

The course of the disease can be aggravated by various factors:

unfavorable environmental conditions;
improper diet;
reduced immunity;
stress.

List of hidden infections in women

The list of STDs contains 31 pathogens:

The most famous pathologies are herpes, syphilis, gonorrhea. K less known diseases include: ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, human papillomavirus, gardnerellosis, chlamydia.

So, the main list of hidden infections:

gardnerella;
ureaplasma;
herpes viruses;
chlamydia;
cytomegalovirus (CMV);
candida fungi;
human, urogenital mycoplasmas.

Common Symptoms

Most pathologies do not manifest themselves at all in the early stages. Therefore, patients resort to medical care only during the progression or exacerbation of the disease.

It is very important to timely suspect the development of the disease. To do this, you must know what their symptoms are and what they are.

The primary signs of the development of pathology are:

In the genital area, there is a feeling of itching, burning.
During or after an intimate relationship, there is a feeling of discomfort, sometimes even pain.
Discharge is observed that has an uncharacteristic color, specific consistency and an unpleasant odor.
A rash may appear on the genitals.
The process of urination is accompanied by discomfort and pain. There is a frequent urge to go to the toilet.

If you have at least one of these symptoms, it is imperative to consult a doctor and undergo the prescribed examination.

Delayed, more complex, manifestations include the following signs:

The menstrual cycle is disturbed.
A woman cannot bear a child.
Infertility.
Uncomfortable and painful sensations appear in the small pelvis.

It should be understood that each latent infection differs in a certain set of symptoms, peculiarities of the course. In addition, they can lead to a variety of serious complications, covering not only the genitourinary system, but also many other organs.

Herpes virus

This is a rather unpleasant pathology, from which it is impossible to completely recover. She is provoked Various types viruses that are in the body of all people, even completely healthy ones. In the case of certain factors, for example, a sharp decline immunity, pathology begins to develop rapidly.

Symptoms of latent infections in women and men are quite similar.

Herpes is indicated by the following signs:

pain, itching in the genital area;
rashes on the skin and mucous membranes (we are talking about a blistering rash);
the presence of mucous secretions;
body temperature may rise;
after the bubbles burst, scabs form, provoking severe pain.

The disease can lead to quite unpleasant complications:

meningitis;
conjunctivitis;
keratitis;
encephalitis;
damage to the central nervous system.

Human papillomavirus

This infection leads to the appearance of various formations on the skin and mucous membranes: warts, genital warts. Pathology is characterized by a long course without a bright severe symptoms... An exacerbation of the disease occurs against the background of a decrease in immunity.

Most often, HPV is detected during examinations during pregnancy or during studies to detect cancer.

A woman may suspect the development of an ailment on the following grounds:

spiky appear on the lips, mouth, genitals;
erosion of the cervix is diagnosed.

If not take timely treatment, HPV can lead to various types of malignant tumors.

Candidiasis (thrush)

Continuing to consider the list of hidden infections in women, one should dwell on this ailment... This is a fairly common pathology.

The disease is provoked by yeast-like fungi belonging to the genus Candida. They, in small quantities, are always found in the vagina. When this fungus multiplies, a woman develops

It is characterized by the following symptoms:

white discharge, curdled consistency;
urination and intercourse are painful;
itching, burning appears in the genital area.

Doctors believe that the disease does not lead to grave consequences... However, it still requires the right treatment.

Mycoplasmosis

Sometimes mycoplasmosis makes itself felt by transparent secretions or painful discomfort during intimate contact or urination. Pathology is quite dangerous for its complications.

It can lead to:

diseases of the appendages, vagina, uterus, urethra;
violation of the development of the placenta, miscarriage, polyhydramnios;
infertility.

Diagnosis of diseases

Of course, you must understand that the above pathologies are not limited (if we consider hidden infections) the list.

Analyzes in women and men allow you to diagnose the most different kinds diseases. And as you have seen, there are a lot of them.

So, to diagnose hidden infections, the following tests are prescribed:

General smear. A study of scrapings taken from the genitals is carried out at the cellular level.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This is a study that involves the identification of an immunological reaction to some pathogens that are found in a biological material taken from a patient. Analysis is different high level sensitivity. But in the course of the study, it is not the pathogen itself that is found, but the reaction to it.
Bacteriological It shows the microflora and allows you to determine the sensitivity of this type of infection to antibacterial drugs... In a supportive environment, the infection develops rapidly. After a few days, a systemic culture is formed. It is in this form that its sensitivity to drugs can be determined.
Polymer chain reaction(PRTs). This analysis identifies the DNA and RNA of the pathogen itself. For this, various biological materials are being investigated. The analysis gives a characteristic about the pathogen that provoked the development of a latent infection, determines the duration of the disease and gives quantification ailment.
Immunofluorescence reaction (RIF). During this study biological material lends itself to the action of various coloring reagents. This allows a more detailed study of the infection at the cellular level.

Analysis cost

The fair half is worried about many questions when it comes to hidden infections in women: the list, the cost of tests, how to prepare for them and where to take them.

Before considering the answers to exciting topics, it is important to remember the following. Every woman, in order to eliminate the risk of developing latent infections, should take a bacterial smear annually. Research can be carried out in any clinic specializing in this area.

And now let's look at how much tests for latent infections in women cost.

The list of studies that are most often offered in clinics:

Urogenital smear - on average, it costs 300 rubles.
Cytological examination - about 700 rubles.
Diagnostics for the presence of Papillomavirusa will cost 700 rubles.
Histological examination costs 1590 rubles.

Preparation for testing

In order for the diagnosis to be carried out as accurately as possible, a woman is recommended to properly prepare for it.

To do this, you should follow a number of important rules:

Bacterial material should be taken 5 or 6 days from the start menstrual cycle.
The following medications should be discontinued 2 weeks before the study: antibiotics, antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs.
It is recommended to refrain from sexual intercourse for several days before taking tests.
Should not be used 24 hours before diagnosis local contraceptives, means for intimate hygiene, antiseptics. In addition, douching is not recommended during this period.

Studies for latent infections are assigned to all couples who are planning to give birth to a baby. Such a diagnosis is especially important for those men and women who cannot get an heir for a long time. After all, neglected infections very often lead to infertility. Therefore, do not forget about the need for annual tests.

Hidden infections in women are venereal diseases, the transmission of which occurs during unprotected intercourse. Less commonly, infection occurs vertically (from mother to fetus), as well as household.

The incubation period for such infections is 5 to 30 days, but sometimes this stage lasts about a year. Absence clear signs complicates diagnosis and contributes to the unhindered development of the disease.

The danger of sexually transmitted diseases that do not manifest themselves in characteristic symptoms, consists of such serious consequences, like infertility or difficulties in the process of bearing a fetus.

Some diseases cause the formation malignant tumors in the organs of the genitourinary system. Most often it is cervical cancer.

Despite the absence of obvious signs, the presence of latent infections can be suspected by the following alarming manifestations: malignant neoplasm... That is why it is necessary, when detecting the slightest deviations in the functioning of the organs of the reproductive system, to consult a doctor and undergo specific diagnostic measures to determine the causative agent of the pathological process.

There are a number of infectious diseases, which develop asymptomatically in women for a long time. Each of them is characterized by specific symptoms and is subject to treatment in specific ways.

Chlamydia

belong to one of the most common latent infections. It is provoked by the intracellular microorganism chlamydia. In most cases pathological process develops without any pronounced manifestations, only in rare cases does a woman feel not too pronounced itching in the genital area, discomfort during urination, as well as frequent urge.

With advanced stages, the symptoms become more pronounced: pain appears in the lower abdomen, body temperature rises to high levels, the menstrual cycle is disrupted, blood appears in the urine.

Common Symptoms

Sexually transmitted diseases always have primary symptoms and some later, but more severe than initial signs, complications.

Primary signs:

severe burning and constant itching in the groin;
rashes on the genitals;
discharge that differs from the usual in quantity, as well as color and smell;
pain when urinating, the number of urges increases significantly.

If such symptoms have been noticed, you should immediately contact a specialist in order to find out the exact causes of this condition. After all, this is how any of the latent pathologies can manifest itself.

In this case, in order to make a final diagnosis, the doctor will definitely prescribe tests for latent infections. In women, such a specialist is a gynecologist.

More late symptoms diseases:

violation of the normal menstrual cycle;
pain in the pelvic area;
infertility or premature spontaneous termination of pregnancy.

Herpes virus

It is dangerous because it is initially present in the body of every person. Therefore, it will not be possible to cure such an infection once and for all. Relapses of the disease are quite common.

The virus usually manifests itself as specific rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. They are painful vesicles, around which a site of hyperemia is determined.

Patients most often complain of itching and discomfort in the perineal region. At the same time, the symptoms of the disease, if not treated, will only intensify and cause even more discomfort.

A woman has pathological discharge from the vagina, the body temperature rises sharply and the general well-being worsens.

If therapeutic measures will not be carried out on time, painful blistering rash... Over the next few days, these bubbles begin to burst.

Human papillomavirus

Usually, its persistence in the body is characterized by the appearance of such neoplasms as condylomas and multiple warts. The danger is the latent course of the disease.

Symptoms begin to appear only after the formation of the formations themselves. If a woman's immune system is affected, then quite often you can observe exacerbations of such a disease.