Myositis is an inflammation that affects muscle fibers. Mostly, the muscles of the chest, neck, shoulder girdle and back are involved in the pathological process. Today we will talk about the latter case.
Myositis of the back muscles - scheme
The most common cause is infections. At the same time, myositis does not necessarily develop against the background of any serious ailments - in many cases, it turns out that flu / SARS is quite familiar to every modern person.
Information regarding occupational diseases is simple and standard - here, as in the case of most diseases of the joints / muscles, the main culprit is a long and regular stay of a person in an incorrect / uncomfortable position. In view of this, musicians, drivers, office workers, etc. are more at risk of developing myositis.
The risk of developing inflammation and against the background of various external causes, for example, injuries and frequent hypothermia, is not excluded.
The most severe in terms of course and treatment is myositis of a purulent nature. This leads to infection of a deep wound, which occurs in conditions of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene or in violation of the technique of providing medical care to the victim.
Forms of spinal myositis
Myositis of the spinal muscles, as well as any others, are classified into acute and chronic forms. Characteristic signs of the first are acute and very severe pain. Myositis passes into the chronic form, first of all, with insufficient quality and complete treatment acute period of the disease.
During the chronic stage, myositis can hardly bother the patient at all. Citizens often attribute minor and rare pains to banal overwork, which is why they are in no hurry to see a doctor. A feature of pain in myositis is the fact that they become more pronounced under the influence of various adverse external factors type of hypothermia, weather changes, etc.
Possible varieties of the underlying disease
Among the common varieties of myositis, one should separately consider, firstly, polymyositis, and secondly, dermatomyositis.
Polymyositis
The process involves the muscles of several groups. Pain is characterized by low severity. The main symptom of the disease is muscle weakness that persists for a long time. At first, the patient may not be aware of the presence of his disease, noting only the growing weakness. As the pathology progresses, it becomes difficult to perform the usual daily tasks.
Affected muscles gradually atrophy. The danger here is that this process is not accompanied by any accompanying signs. That is why the patient must carefully monitor his condition in order to consult a doctor in a timely manner, because. neglected myositis, leading to severe muscle atrophy, can give a number of concomitant complications, primarily on the joints.
It predominantly affects female patients. Reliable causes of the pathology have not been established. According to the most popular hypothesis, dermatomyositis develops against the background of a genetic predisposition or viral diseases.
The disease worsens after hypothermia, colds and stress. In some patients, signs of dermatomyositis are noted even after being on the beach or in other places under open sunlight.
The main symptom of dermatomyositis is a reddish or purple rash. There may be swelling of the eyelids, general weakness. Often patients rapidly lose weight. Along with this, the disease can be characterized by a gradual long-term progression.
Dermatomyositis that is not treated in a timely manner gives a number of rather serious complications, for example, in the form of muscle flabbiness, salt deposits, serious pain and more severe inflammatory processes.
How does pathology manifest itself?
Myositis of the back muscles is characterized by aching painful sensations, localized in the places of progression of the pathology. Gradually, the pain intensifies, becoming especially noticeable when performing various movements. In the affected areas, seals can be felt, which are very painful on palpation. Puffiness, swelling and other similar moments are not excluded.
The nature of the manifestation of purulent myositis is different. It is characterized by increased temperature, very severe pain in the affected areas, chills, general weakness. Affected muscle fibers become compacted and tense.
The order of manifestation of the signs of the disease will vary depending on the form of such. So, in acute myositis, pathological symptoms reveal themselves quickly and, in most cases, unexpectedly. As a rule, this happens with acute infectious diseases, after very strong loads, various injuries. In the case of chronic myositis, the symptoms act as a logical continuation of incompletely / untimely / incorrectly treated acute myositis or an infectious disease that caused complications.
Diagnosis procedure
Diagnosis of myositis causes certain difficulties, primarily due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease are clearly visible only at the stages of exacerbation of the pathology. The patient's task is to respond in a timely manner, followed by contacting a doctor if even minor uncomfortable, unpleasant and uncharacteristic changes in their condition occur. Tighten - the disease progresses into a chronic form - it will be more difficult and longer to treat it. It is unlikely that you will like such a scenario.
Information about examinations and related diagnostic activities are given in the table.
Table. Examinations for myositis
| List of diagnostic measures | Explanations |
|---|---|
| The patient donates blood for general analysis and biochemistry. According to the results of those, the presence of inflammation is determined. Additionally, an analysis for the content of antibodies can be prescribed. According to the results of this, the presence of pathologies of the autoimmune group is excluded / confirmed. |
| In the course of magnetic resonance imaging, foci of the inflammatory process are revealed. |
| The results of this examination describe the condition of the muscles. |
| This examination is carried out in exceptional situations. The bottom line is to take part of the muscle tissue for its subsequent study. The method is complex, but the most informative and reliable. |
Basic information about the treatment of myositis
Patients are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as painkillers. For local exposure, warming ointments can be used to help reduce pain and muscle tension.
Can be practiced as directed massotherapy. It becomes especially useful when combined with various physiotherapeutic procedures. Patients with chronic myositis are strongly recommended sanatorium treatment.
When a purulent form of myositis is detected, treatment is usually surgical. The doctor opens the focus, removes pus, adjusts a draining bandage. Antibacterial therapy is also used.
Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely exclude the risk of myositis. But this probability can be successfully minimized.
First, avoid excessive exercise.
Second, don't overcool.
Thirdly, treat any diseases in a timely manner, especially infectious ones.
Fourth, be a physically active person. Exercise whenever possible, or at least home gymnastics. If at work you are forced to stay in the same position for a long time, take breaks and warm up at least every 1.5-2 hours. Efforts are the most elementary - up to a short walk and tilt-turns.
Be healthy!
Video - Myositis of the back muscles
Myositis of the back muscles is an active inflammatory process of the muscle mass, the hallmark of which is the appearance of nodes in the form of inflammatory foci with a solid structure.
The disease itself can become chronic, which ultimately leads to muscle deformity and atrophy. The most vulnerable places are the cervical, lumbar muscles, calves and chest.
Pain is localized in the affected areas and tends to gradually increase. When feeling the inflamed areas, physical exertion and movement, back pain becomes more noticeable. This is due to the process of contraction of the affected back muscles in the usual way.
When swelling and swelling appear, the skin becomes inflamed. The victim turns on reflex muscle tension and limited joint mobility, which is typical for the protective functions of the body. Atrophy of weak muscle areas is extremely rare.
Myositis can affect several muscle groups at the same time, including the back, and the symptoms are expressed almost imperceptibly, manifested by some muscle weakness. However, gradually the disease makes itself felt more clearly.
When the first obvious signs appear, you should immediately seek medical help, since the disease responds well to treatment at first.
But the consequences of protracted forms can be serious, in particular, the acute form flows into a chronic one, and arthritis of the back can develop in the form of an independent disease.
Causes of back myositis
This disease can begin to develop against the background of various provoking causal factors. Some of them include the ingress of infections and viruses into the body, toxic poisoning, tonsillitis, diabetes mellitus, and improper metabolism. It also includes gout, rheumatism, lupus, past illnesses infectious nature, injuries and diseases that are associated with harmful production or a sedentary lifestyle.
More common causes are infectious diseases such as tonsillitis, influenza, acute respiratory infections that can cause inflammation. All other factors are rarer.
However, one cannot exclude the fact that professional activity for a certain category of people can have an impact on the development and course of the disease. In addition to poisoning with toxins, people who lead sedentary image life, for example, accountants, programmers, economists, pianists, bank employees and so on. The back in this case is the most vulnerable spot.
In addition, such manifestations as frequent muscle cramps that appear against the background of hypothermia while swimming or visiting pools, the hypothermia of the body and injuries themselves can to some extent provoke the development of spinal myositis.
The purulent form of myositis is the most complex, most dangerous and intolerable. Usually the cause of its occurrence is an infection that affects the muscle tissue. Its entry is caused by the appearance of an open deep wound or the introduction of infection through injections and surgical interventions in violation of hygiene requirements. With this form, the body temperature rises, chills and fever appear, the affected area swells, accompanied by superficial redness of the skin and pain increases.
Myositis classification
Myositis of the back is divided into two main forms: acute and chronic. The disease begins with the initial form of an acute nature, which can become chronic if left untreated and ignoring the first signs of the disease.
As for the chronic form of leakage, its symptoms are mild, for this reason a person may simply be unaware of the presence of the disease. Pain can be quite noticeable only with some effects on the body, for example, with a long stay in an uncomfortable position. In this case, the spine immediately reacts to discomfort, moving to another place of residence with an unsuitable climate, or hypothermia of the body. Myositis has the following varieties - it is polymyositis and dermatositis.
Dermatositis affects mainly the female half of the population of different age categories, excluding children. The cause of the disease is considered genetic predisposition or a viral infection. In fact, this issue remains not fully clarified and is still the subject of discussion.
Most often, the form of the disease appears due to hypothermia, frequent stress, colds, excessive exposure to sunlight.
Distinctive feature dermatomyositis is a lesion of the skin on different parts of the body, and the back is no exception. The occurrence of rashes is a rather unpleasant moment. The rash itself is usually purple or red.
The main signs of the disease: swelling on the surface of the eyelids, fever, chills, fever and sudden weight loss. The consequences due to the illness disappear rather slowly, they are expressed in the absence of muscle tone and the accumulation of salts under the skin, which is accompanied by residual pain.
Back myositis treatment
Treatment of back myositis is most effective in the early stages of development.
Before prescribing a doctor, it is planned to carry out thorough examination, which allows you to determine the degree and form of the disease, as well as the presence of causative factors.
If the disease appeared after an injury or hypothermia, then it can be treated at home. Requires bed rest and the use of such means as compresses, dry heat(salt heated in a pan and wrapped in a towel), ointments and gels.
It is quite possible to produce an independent massage using oils based on medicinal herbs. In this case, cinnamon and lavender work well. The effect should appear after a short period of time. In the event that this does not happen, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed to clarify the diagnosis in order to prevent the development of the disease.
For any form of spinal myositis, painkillers and antispasmodics are prescribed. Non-steroidal drugs with an anti-inflammatory spectrum of action have a good effect, ointments, rubbing, gels and lotions are prescribed to neutralize muscle spasm and relieve pain.
One of the conditions, especially in the acute course of the disease, is the observance of bed rest to ensure rest and minimize painful muscle contractions. Massages, therapeutic exercises and physiotherapy procedures are very effective.
Self-treatment in this case is extremely undesirable, since the patient has the opportunity to only slightly ease the sensation of pain and temporarily relieve the inflammatory process, but it is worth considering that the disease continues to progress and does not change the pace of development. This is due to the fact that treatment should be based on the exact identification of the very causes of the onset of the disease and should be aimed at eliminating them.
Popular anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics
In order to facilitate the course of the disease and its faster treatment on this moment There is a list of the most popular pharmaceuticals:
Berlin-Chemie or Fastum-gel. This is the same drug, the differences in the name of which are determined by different manufacturers. The tool is made on the basis of ketoprofen and several additional components that enhance the effectiveness of the drug. It is used to relieve pain in the lumbar region.
Dolobene gel or Ratiopharm. This tool is an anesthetic, when it is used, inflammation is eliminated, tissue regeneration at the cellular level is stimulated. The drug also has a resolving effect. This ability is most effective in the presence of swelling and bruising.
Chondoprotectors. They are medicines specially designed for the treatment of such diseases. They have the ability to significantly reduce the rate of degenerative progressive disease processes and restore cartilage.
As you know, myositis of the back muscles is dangerous only in an advanced form and in the absence of a complete elimination of causative factors. With timely seeking medical help and strict implementation of the relevant recommendations, it is possible to almost completely get rid of this disease. Be healthy!
Myositis- This is a lesion of muscle tissue, mainly of an inflammatory nature. Myositis includes an extensive group of polyetiological ( heterogeneous) diseases that are characterized by muscle weakness, decreased range of motion and gradual atrophy ( when it comes to chronic myositis).Clinical picture ( symptoms) and the prognosis depends on the type of myositis. So, depending on the cause, there are several types of this disease.
The main types of myositis include:
- idiopathic myositis;
- infectious myositis;
- focal myositis;
- giant cell myositis;
- eosinophilic myositis.
Idiopathic myositis
Idiopathic myositis is a group of myositis, the nature of which has not been elucidated. The autoimmune factor plays an important role in their development. The category of idiopathic myositis includes dermatomyositis, polymyositis, myositis in connective tissue diseases, polymyositis with intracellular inclusions.Characteristics of the main types of idiopathic myositis
Name | Characteristic |
Polymyositis | A disease characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the muscles due to lymphocytic infiltration ( histological examination of the muscles revealed lymphocytes). Often polymyositis is accompanied by the development of small punctate rashes on the skin. In more than 70 percent of cases, the development of polymyositis is accompanied by systemic diseases ( scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus). |
Dermatomyositis or Wagner's disease | A very severe and rapidly progressive disease of muscles, skin and blood vessels, with damage to internal organs. The causes are also unknown, however, infectious factors play a large role in the development of this disease. The disease is characterized by progressive, symmetrical weakness in the muscles of the legs, joint damage, purple skin rashes. |
Polymyositis in systemic diseases | Muscle damage is a constant companion of such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, Sjögren's syndrome. |
Infectious myositis
Infectious myositis is characterized by damage to muscle tissue along with symptoms such as diarrhea, weakness, and weight loss. Muscle damage most often develops with infections such as toxoplasmosis and trichinosis.With trichinosis ( a disease that also develops with improper processing of meat) predominantly affects the nervous system. So, Trichinella larvae ( source of disease) with a current of lymph or blood penetrate into the central nervous system. The disease develops slowly and is characterized by symptoms such as headache, aches and weakness in the muscles.
Infectious myositis is also seen in Lyme disease, the most common disease transmitted by ticks. Bacteria enter the body through a tick bite and spread throughout the body with blood flow. Symptoms of the disease include fever, body aches, muscle weakness, and damage to the nervous system.
Focal myositis
Focal myositis is quite rare disease. It is characterized by the development of single or multiple painful foci in various groups muscles.Giant cell myositis
A type of myositis, which is characterized by the formation of specific granulomas in the muscles ( tubercles). Symptomatically, this type of myositis is not much different from others. The main symptom is a decrease in the range of motion in the limbs against the background of muscle weakness and atrophy. If the granulomas are located superficially, then they can be palpated ( feel). Diagnosis of giant cell myositis is based on the puncture of specific granulomas, in which, upon further examination, Pirogov-Langhans cells are found.Eosinophilic myositis
Eosinophilic myositis is also a fairly rare type of myositis. A distinctive feature of this disease is that it is characterized by pain and tension in the neck and lower extremities, but not weakness. Histological examination reveals a characteristic picture - infiltration by eosinophils.Purulent myositis
Infectious myositis can occur in acute or chronic form. In the first case, this is, as a rule, acute purulent myositis, while the development of purulent processes is not characteristic of the chronic form.The cause of purulent myositis is pyogenic flora, most often it is staphylococci and streptococci, less often gonococci and Ebert's bacillus. These pathogenic microorganisms enter the human body most often with open injuries. In this case, bacteria penetrate through the damaged layer of the skin deep into the muscle tissue, where they start the process of inflammation.
Symptoms of purulent myositis are:
- local ( local) soreness;
- swelling and tightness of the muscles;
- fever and chills;
- reflex contracture;
- headache.
Treatment of purulent myositis consists of massive antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention ( in case of abscess).
Myositis symptoms
The clinical picture of myositis, as a rule, consists of two syndromes - local and general intoxication. The manifestations of the general intoxication syndrome include symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle weakness, increased lymph nodes. The syndrome of general intoxication is also manifested by changes in the general blood picture, namely, an increase in the number of leukocytes and an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR) . Local symptoms include local soreness, swelling and swelling of the muscles. Myositis symptoms are:
- muscle weakness;
- tension and swelling;
- temperature.
Pain with myositis
Pain syndrome is the main manifestation in both acute and chronic myositis. The pain can be dull with chronic myositis) or a sharp, pulsating character ( with purulent local myositis). At the same time, pain increases during palpation ( medical feeling) and during movement. The intensity of pain increases very quickly as the disease progresses. The pain syndrome is also characterized by local swelling, muscle tension and painful lumps. These painful seals ( also called Cornelius points) - are dense formations the size of a millet grain. Local soreness and swelling is accompanied by increased skin sensitivity ( hyperesthesia). Muscle weakness is also noted, provoked, first of all, by soreness.Severe pain syndrome is observed with neuromyositis. Neuromyositis is a form of myositis that develops as a result of damage not to the muscle tissue itself, but to the intramuscular nerve fibers. On the electromyogram ( records electrical activity muscles) foci of denervation are revealed - places of muscle tissue devoid of nerve endings. Spontaneous pain in the places of muscle attachment is noted with polyfibromyositis. This is a type of myositis, accompanied by a pronounced reaction from the connective tissue, followed by the development of fibrosis in the affected muscle.
Muscle weakness with myositis
Muscle weakness is a constant manifestation of all types of myositis, but is most pronounced in chronic forms. Cause given symptom is the degeneration of muscle fibers and their replacement with connective tissue. Because of this, muscle contractility is significantly reduced, which leads to a limitation of motor activity. Initially, muscle weakness increases during active movements, but soon appears at rest. It becomes difficult for a person to get up, rise, rest on his feet.Temperature with myositis
Elevated body temperature with myositis is quite common symptom. Most often it is observed in acute purulent and infectious myositis caused by streptococci, staphylococci. Fever can also be observed with myositis in the frame of systemic diseases ( connective tissue diseases).Apart from general temperature with myositis, there is a local increase in body temperature, that is, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected muscle. Most often this is observed with focal myositis.
Neuralgia and myositis
Neuralgia is paroxysmal pain along the course of the nerve and / or its roots. Neuralgia is characterized by severe pain in the form of seizures. Neuralgia is not an independent disease, but more like a symptom. Neuralgia accompanies many diseases, including myositis. Most often, intercostal neuralgia is noted against the background of myositis of the chest and back, neuralgia of the facial and trigeminal nerve against the background of myositis of the head and neck.Professional myositis
TO separate category myositis refers to occupational myositis. This is a type of myositis that develops as a result of exposure to a certain muscle group of constant pressure.Occupations with a high risk of occupational myositis include:
- machinists;
- rollers;
- riveters;
- stenographers.
Acute myositis
A separate form of acute myositis is acute alimentary myositis, which is also called Yuksov's disease. It develops against the background of eating some varieties of fish. This disease occurs in the form of individual outbreaks - epidemics. At the heart of acute alimentary myositis is toxic damage to skeletal muscles and kidneys.The disease begins acutely, with sudden sharp pains in the muscles of the arms, legs, lower back, and sometimes in the muscles of the chest. The pain increases sharply with pressure on the muscles, with breathing ( during chest movement). Soreness is not permanent, but paroxysmal in nature, that is, it develops according to the type of seizures. These attacks of pain can last from several hours to several days. Pain attack is accompanied by increased sweating, vomiting, dry mouth. Since the fish toxin affects not only the muscles, but also the kidneys, there are also violations of the urinary system. So, urine becomes dark red, contains red blood cells, white blood cells and myoglobin ( protein normally found in muscle). The volume of daily urine decreases sharply - this phenomenon is called oliguria. Mortality in this disease is very high and is 2 - 3 percent.
The causes of acute alimentary myositis have not yet been studied. It is believed that the toxin accumulates in those fish that have previously fed on toxic plankton.
Chronic myositis
As a rule, the chronic form of myositis is a consequence ( outcome) acute myositis. In rare cases, it can develop as a primary form in the form of primary chronic fibromyositis.The manifestations of chronic myositis are:
- formation of painful ridges in the muscles ( myogeloses);
- infiltrates in the subcutaneous tissue;
- local soreness in the form of "nerve points" of Cornelius - manifests itself when pressing on the affected muscle;
- development of painful contractures.
The types of myositis by localization include:
- myositis of the neck;
- myositis of the chest;
- back myositis;
- shoulder myositis.
Myositis of the neck
Neck myositis is one of the most common types of myositis. As a rule, it has an infectious nature and most often develops after a cold. With myositis of the neck, inflammation develops in the long muscle of the head and neck, as well as in other muscle groups.Causes of neck myositis include:
- Cooling, most often drafts. One of the most common causes of neck myositis. Against the background of local cooling, the neck muscles begin to spasm ( strain), resulting in pain syndrome.
- Neck injury. Traumatic damage to the muscles of the neck is no less common than drafts. In this case, myositis of the neck can be the result of both open and closed injuries.
- Viruses. Inflammation in the muscles of the neck can occur against the background general inflammation or common cold.
- Osteochondrosis of the cervical vertebrae. Myositis may be the result of damage to the cervical vertebrae. So, the back muscles are mainly attached to the processes of the cervical vertebrae. When inflammation develops in them, the muscles reflexively begin to tighten. The more pronounced the inflammation, the stronger the spasm in a particular muscle. In this case, myositis can be unilateral and predominate on the side where inflammation is more developed.
The main manifestation of myositis of the neck is pain. The pains are constant and aching. However, they are aggravated by turning the head. As a result, with myositis of the neck, movements in the cervical-shoulder region are significantly limited. Sometimes the muscles are so compressed that they squeeze the nerve endings and blood vessels, which provokes severe headaches and dizziness. Headaches can be localized in the temporal or occipital region.
Externally, the muscle swells, which makes it look enlarged and tense. Tension is easily felt on palpation of the neck. Myositis of the neck can be both acute and chronic. The chronic form of the disease is characterized by increased pain at night.
Myositis of the chest and back
Myositis of the muscles of the chest and back most often develops against the background of intercostal neuralgia. It can also be the result of an injury or a cold.With myositis of the chest, the pain syndrome is most pronounced. The pain is dull in nature and it increases with a change in body position. Pain also increases with deep breath or exhale. This is explained by the fact that during chest excursion ( movement during breathing) muscles stretch and change their position. Nerve endings react to this by increasing pain. Myositis of the chest is important to differentiate with the pathology of the cardiovascular system. So, sometimes pain can radiate to the left side and mimic a heart attack.
Back myositis is the most common. However, as a rule, not all muscles become inflamed, but separate groups. The most common is myositis of the lumbar muscles. The reason for this is the constant pressure on them, because the lumbar region takes on the main load. If an inflammatory component is also added ( "stretches back"), then the pain can be given to the lower extremities.
The main symptoms of back myositis are:
- drawing pains, aggravated in the evenings;
- limited mobility of the lumbar;
- distribution of pain in the leg.
Shoulder myositis
Shoulder myositis is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the muscles of the shoulder girdle. More common is acute myositis, which develops after injuries or strong physical exertion ( e.g. after lifting weights).Shoulder myositis symptoms are:
- muscle tension;
- shoulder swelling;
- sharp pains in the muscles of the shoulder, which are aggravated by the movements of the arm;
- aching sensations in the entire shoulder girdle.
Myositis of the calf muscles
As an independent disease myositis calf muscles is extremely rare. Most often, inflammation of these muscles is observed in systemic diseases, such as scleroderma, polymyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus. The main manifestation of this disease is weakness in the legs. Initially, weakness appears only during exertion. However, as the disease progresses, pain and weakness begin to appear at rest. For some diseases ( such as scleroderma) in the muscles begins to grow connective tissue. This leads to atrophy of the calf muscles and disability of the patient, as movements are completely lost.Some types of myositis include dermatomyositis and myositis ossificans.
Dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis ( synonyms polymyositis, generalized myositis) - a pathology that occurs with damage to the muscles, skin and internal organs. This disease refers to systemic diseases, which means the involvement of the whole organism in the pathological process.The causes of polymyositis are currently not well understood. Dermatomyositis is thought to be predominantly an autoimmune disease. According to this theory, the body produces antibodies to its own tissues, in this case, to the muscles. Subsequently, antibodies settle on the muscles, thereby damaging them. In addition to the autoimmune theory, other causative factors are distinguished in the development of dermatomyositis.
Causes of dermatomyositis include:
- trauma;
- action of medicines;
- prolonged exposure to the sun.
The disease can develop acutely with a sudden deterioration in well-being or gradually. The main manifestation of dermatomyositis is a syndrome of muscle weakness and pain. Initially, the pain appears in the lower extremities. It hinders normal active movements. It becomes difficult for a person to raise his legs, sit down and get up. Gradually, pain appears not only during movement, but also at rest. As the pain progresses, muscle weakness also increases. The muscles themselves swell, thicken and become enlarged. Edema and muscle enlargement are characteristic of the initial stages of the disease. Subsequently, on the contrary, they atrophy, become thin and are replaced by connective tissue.
Sometimes calcium can be deposited in the muscles, leading to the development of so-called calcifications. The main difference between dermatomyositis and other types of myositis is that it proceeds with involvement of the skin in the pathological process. So, rashes appear on various parts of the body. They can take the form of bubbles, stars, large red spots. There are also foci of increased pigmentation or, conversely, depigmentation ( skin loses its characteristic color). Rashes are usually accompanied by unbearable itching. Dermatomyositis is characterized by swelling around the eyes with purple erythema. This characteristic erythema around the eyes is called dermatomyositis spectacles.
With dermatomyositis, internal organs are also affected. Most often the heart is affected namely the myocardium), lungs , gastrointestinal tract. Especially often affected the cardiovascular system. This is explained by the fact that the bulk of the heart is formed by muscle tissue ( myocardium is the thickest layer), which becomes a target for dermatomyositis. Inflammation in the myocardium in this disease is accompanied by myocardial dystrophy. In this case, the function of the heart is significantly impaired. The main symptoms are rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, uneven pulse.
There are acute, subacute and chronic forms of dermatomyositis. In the first case, the disease develops at lightning speed, muscle weakness progresses up to complete immobilization. The subacute form is characterized by periodic exacerbations and remissions, with gradual development contractures. Dermatomyositis in a chronic form also proceeds cyclically, but remissions ( periods of remission of symptoms) are the longest.
Treatment of all forms of dermatomyositis is reduced to the appointment of corticosteroids. Appointed maximum doses prednisolone and dexamethasone.
Myositis ossificans
Progressive myositis ossificans ( synonymous with fibrodysplasia) is a genetic disease characterized by the development of ossification points in the muscles. The basis of the disease is a violation at the gene level of the process of osteogenesis ( formation bone tissue ). The disease is progressive and fortunately extremely rare. There is only one laboratory in the world that studies this disease.Symptoms of myositis ossificans
The disease develops in childhood, mainly affects boys. An extremely specific symptom observed in children with this pathology is the pathology of the big toe. In this case, the phalanx of the finger is turned inward, and sometimes there is not enough joint on the finger at all. This anomaly in 90 percent of cases indicates a disease.
From childhood, the disease proceeds in the form of exacerbations. So, at about the age of 10 years, under the skin of a child, seals of various shapes appear. Initially, they are localized in the neck, back, forearms.
The places of localization of the primary focus of ossification in ossifying myositis include:
- perivertebral zone;
- shoulders and arms;
- head and face;
- pelvis and legs.
Death occurs due to ossification of the intercostal and abdominal muscles, which are responsible for breathing. Average age life expectancy in this case is 10-20 years. If the respiratory muscles are not affected, then disability occurs later - by the age of 30-40. There is currently no treatment available.
Diagnosis of myositis
Diagnosis of myositis, like any other disease, is based on anamnesis ( medical history), patient complaints, objective examination and research results. Which doctor should be consulted for myositis?
For pain in the muscles, you must first contact your family doctor. He will direct you to the necessary laboratory and instrumental research. If the cause of myositis is infectious or traumatic, then the therapist is involved in the treatment of myositis.
If the tests indicate a rheumatic or autoimmune nature, then you need to contact a rheumatologist. A rheumatologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of dermatomyositis, myositis in the frame of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases.
Myositis ICD code
International Classification of Diseases ( ICD) distinguishes several main types of myositis.Types of myositis according to the ICD
Analyzes and studies for myositis
Diagnosis of myositis, first of all, includes a survey and examination of the patient. The main complaints of a patient with myositis are muscle pain, weakness, limitation of movements. Localization of pain depends on the type of myositis. So, with dermatomyositis, pain initially appears in the lower extremities, with myositis of the neck - in the neck and the back of the head, with myositis of the shoulder - in the shoulder girdle. Medical examination reveals local pain, swelling, edema. However, often the complaints made by the patient and an objective examination are not enough. Therefore, the diagnosis of myositis also includes additional tests.Mandatory tests for the diagnosis of myositis
Name | What does it show? | When does it meet? |
General blood analysis |
| An increase in ESR is noted both with catarrhal myositis and with myositis against the background of autoimmune diseases. |
Blood chemistry |
| Large concentrations of CPK indicate damage to muscle tissue. This is noted in most types of myositis, myocardial dystrophy. An increase in C-reactive protein is usually observed in autoimmune myositis ( dermatomyositis, scleroderma). |
Biochemical analysis of urine |
| The appearance of myoglobin in the urine indicates acute alimentary myositis. |
Serological analysis for the determination of specific antibodies | Myositis - specific markers are:
| These are specific markers that are characteristic of a particular type of myositis. For example, the Ku marker is specific for polymyositis and myositis in systemic lupus erythematosus; Scl-70 - for scleroderma. |
In addition to laboratory tests, instrumental methods are widely used in the diagnosis of myositis.
TO instrumental methods diagnostics include:
- Electromyography. A method that allows assessing muscle weakness is based on recording the electrical activity of the muscles. May indicate the replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue.
- Fluorography. Used to diagnose tuberculous myositis.
- X-ray. Uninformative in the diagnosis of myositis. May indicate the presence of calcifications or cold foci in the muscles.
Myositis treatment
Treatment of myositis depends, first of all, on its etiology, that is, on the cause. Traumatic and catarrhal myositis involves short-term therapy, while the treatment of autoimmune myositis involves long-term maintenance treatment. Treatment of myositis, which developed against the background of a common cold or against the background of drafts, includes general and local treatment. General involves the appointment of painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as vitamins. Local treatment consists in warming ointments, massage, compresses.
Drugs for the treatment of myositis
The main goal in the treatment of myositis is to eliminate the inflammatory process, so anti-inflammatory drugs form the basis of treatment. They not only eliminate inflammation, but also relieve pain. In addition to anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, muscle relaxants, and vasodilators are prescribed.Medicines used to treat myositis
Drug group | Mechanism of action | Representatives and their daily doses | When are they appointed? |
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) | They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. |
| They are prescribed for infectious and traumatic myositis. With myositis of an autoimmune nature, they are also prescribed, but as maintenance therapy. |
Muscle relaxants | Relieve tension and spasm of skeletal muscles. |
| They are prescribed for lumbar myositis, accompanied by severe spasm, with myositis of the neck, back and shoulder. |
Vasoactive agents | They dilate blood vessels, thereby improving blood circulation in the muscles. |
| They are prescribed for all types of myositis, especially in cases where there is a strong spasm in the muscles. |
vitamins | Improve blood circulation, have a general strengthening effect |
| They are prescribed in the form of intramuscular injections, which are given every two days, in a course of 10 injections. |
Antibiotics for myositis
In infectious myositis, antibiotics are also prescribed. The choice of antibiotic depends on the causative agent of myositis. However, it should be noted that a specific pathogen is rarely identified. Therefore, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed, such as penicillins, sulfonamides.Ointments for myositis
Ointments form the basis of the local ( local) therapy. Basically, they also contain an anti-inflammatory component. Ointments have a local analgesic, anti-inflammatory and warming effect.Ointments used for myositis
Treatment of myositis at home
Treatment of myositis at home is based on several principles that must be followed for Get well soon. In addition, a competent and responsible approach even to self-treatment will prevent the occurrence of the disease in the future.It should be noted here that only those types of diseases that are not complicated by infection can be treated at home ( accompanied by elevated temperature sharp deterioration general condition ). Treatment for such forms of myositis is prescribed only by a doctor. You should also consult a doctor if inflammation of the muscles is accompanied by severe pain or if after 3-4 days after treatment at home there is no relief.
There are the following basic provisions for the treatment of myositis at home:
- the use of plasters and other therapeutic agents;
- compliance with a gentle regime of physical activity;
- correction of the diet taking into account the disease;
- performing special exercises.
Plasters, compresses and other remedies for myositis
All the remedies that are used in the home treatment of myositis are based on one common action - a warming effect. The effect of heat on inflamed muscles can reduce pain and alleviate the patient's condition. Also, drugs may have anti-inflammatory and / or analgesic effects.In the treatment of myositis at home, the following remedies are used:
- plasters;
- compresses;
- other means.
A patch for the treatment of muscle inflammation is polymer material with an adhesive surface, which is attached to the skin ( sometimes on clothes) in the area of affected muscles. The composition of the patch contains drugs or herbal remedies, due to which a healing effect is achieved. Depending on the type of action exerted, the patches are divided into several types.
In the treatment of myositis can be used the following types patches:
- Pepper. It is the most popular patch due to its low cost. The patch has a pronounced warming effect, which is why it should be used intermittently so as not to provoke a skin burn. In addition, this remedy should not be used if skin, on which it will be attached, there are rashes, cuts, sores.
- Reflecting. The principle of this patch is that it reflects the heat that the body produces. The product is attached not to the skin, but to inside clothes.
- Anti-inflammatory. Such patches contain drugs, due to which an anti-inflammatory effect is achieved. They use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the main component. The most common types of anti-inflammatory patches are Voltaren ( based on diclofenac) and ketotop ( based on ketoprofen).
- Anesthetic. These patches are recommended for severe muscle pain. They contain drugs that block nerve receptors on the surface of the skin, due to which an analgesic effect is achieved. The most common means of this type is the versatis patch based on the anesthetic lidocaine. The product should not be used for more than 5 days.
- Magnetic. The design of the patch includes a magnetic plate, due to which an analgesic effect is achieved. The patch should be fixed on the skin in the area of pain and left for 2-3 days. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the use of a magnetic patch is not recommended.
Compresses for inflammation of the muscles are made in order to have a warming effect on the affected area. To do this, a warm mass is applied to the skin, which is fixed with a plastic film to prolong the warming effect. Liquid tinctures can also be used ( they need to be rubbed), which, due to their composition, increase blood circulation, which provides a warming effect. To prolong the action of the compress, the application should be wrapped in a warm, preferably natural cloth ( like a wool scarf).
For the preparation of compresses, the following components are used:
- heated cabbage leavesthat need to be chopped in a blender or beaten to a soft state;
- burdock leaves, scalded with boiling water and laid in several layers;
- boiled warm potatoes mashed with a fork ( no added salt, spices);
- a mixture of natural honey and grated horseradish ( can be replaced with black radish);
- alcohol tincture of lilac flowers ( 300 grams of fresh or dried flowers pour a glass of alcohol and leave for a week);
- pepper tincture ( prepared from 2 red pepper pods and 200 milliliters of alcohol).
Other means are various folk recipes and pharmacological preparations that have a warming and/or analgesic effect. One of the simple and available funds in the treatment of myositis are mustard plasters. They are paper sheets coated with a thin layer of dry mustard.
When using mustard plasters, the following rules should be observed:
- a contraindication for the use of this remedy is a body temperature above 37.5 degrees;
- before use, mustard plasters must be dipped in a container with warm water for 30 seconds;
- mustard plasters are applied directly to the painful place, except for the zone of the heart;
- to enhance the effect, mustard plasters should be covered with polyethylene or a blanket;
- you need to keep mustard plasters on the skin until pronounced redness appears ( it usually takes 5 to 10 minutes);
- after the mustard plasters are removed, the skin should be washed with warm ( not hot) with water.
Mode of physical activity in myositis
IN initial stage diseases, that is, the first 2 - 3 days it is necessary to follow a regimen that excludes any physical activity. This is necessary in order to provide complete rest to the inflamed muscles. Therefore, if symptoms of myositis occur at first, the patient should, if possible, always be in bed. After relief comes, you should not abruptly change the mode. Muscle recovery takes time, therefore, for 2-3 weeks, you should refuse to perform any actions that involve a load on that part of the body in which the inflammatory process was localized.The diet of the patient with myositis
For patients with myositis, there is no special diet with strict rules. At the same time, the patient must change the diet for the period of illness in such a way as to receive maximum amount valuable items. This will allow the body to more effectively fight the inflammatory process.Together with food, a patient with myositis should receive the following elements:
- Vitamins A, C, E. These vitamins neutralize toxic substances that are formed as a result of the inflammatory process. They are present in large quantities in tomatoes, sweet peppers, citrus fruits, apples, unrefined vegetable oil.
- Protein. Protein is a building material for muscles, so with myositis, the need for it increases. A lot of easily digestible protein is found in lean meat (chicken, turkey, veal
The type of exercise depends on which muscle group was affected. So, with myositis of the neck, it is recommended to perform circular movements and head tilts. If the disease has affected the lower back, you need to tilt the body to the right and left, back and forth. With myositis of the hands, rotational movements with the hands and arms bent at the elbows will be useful. In addition to the local load on specific muscles, with myositis, general loads will be useful - walking or running, long walks on fresh air, sport games or dancing.Folk remedies for myositis
In folk medicine, there are recipes, the use of which can alleviate the condition of a person with myositis. The use of such funds should be supplemented with pharmacological preparations, since traditional medicine has a mild effect as the main treatment. All types of folk remedies, depending on the composition and effect, are divided into 3 categories.With myositis, the following types of folk remedies are used:
- ointments;
- tinctures;
- decoctions for oral administration.
Ointments for the treatment of myositis are made from a fatty base and an additional component ( one or more). The therapeutic effect of ointments lies in their analgesic and anti-inflammatory action. As a fat base, butter, pork ( unsalted) or badger fat. The fat base is supplemented with dry ( necessarily) vegetable components.The following plants can be used to make an ointment for myositis:
- chamomile flowers;
- lilac flowers;
- field horsetail;
- willow buds;
- Bay leaf.
).Decoctions for oral administration
Drinking decoctions is indicated to compensate for the deficiency of vitamins and other valuable substances, which provokes the inflammatory process. Also, the use of such drinks allows you to maintain the recommended amount of liquid. With this disease, you need to drink at least 2 liters per day, not counting the water used for cooking.You can prepare decoctions from various fruits and berries that have high content vitamins. It can be wild rose, hawthorn, cranberries, apples ( dried or fresh), prunes. Useful for myositis and decoctions of such medicinal plants like chamomile, linden.
Before use, you should consult with a specialist.
The most common cause is infections. At the same time, myositis does not necessarily develop against the background of any serious ailments - in many cases, it turns out that flu / SARS is quite familiar to every modern person.
Causes
There can be quite a few prerequisites for the development of inflammation of the back muscles, but for the most part, myositis begins after a viral infection. It could be the flu or SARS.
Fungal and bacterial infections can also serve as a catalyst for the development of the disease, but not as often. Microorganisms affect the muscles of the back through toxins and directly.
Many factors can provoke the development of this disease:
- Unfavorable weather conditions;
- Infectious and viral diseases;
- Long stay of the body in one position, especially if it is uncomfortable;
- Lack of stress on the muscles for a long time;
- Too much physical activity;
- Excessive physical activity in the cold;
- Injuries of various origins;
- Frequent muscle cramps;
- Stressful situations, nervous strain.
The clinical picture of this muscle disease, as a rule, is more often manifested in the morning, after sleep. Since it is at night that muscle swelling occurs, which causes reflex spasm.
If an injury occurs, then the pain syndrome makes itself felt after 2-3 days from the date of the traumatic event. The course of the disease is quite long and sluggish.
Signs of back myositis are expressed in the following points:
- aching pain;
- the affected area swells and turns red, over the muscles the skin becomes hot to the touch - the temperature rises;
- on palpation, seals, nodules are noticeable, which are more palpable in the lower back and are asymmetrical in nature;
- with motor activity and stretching of the muscle system, increasing pains appear, especially in the lumbar region;
- general malaise with difficulty bending and turning.
Reasons disease-causing may be the following factors:
- complications after infection and colds;
- adverse weather conditions;
- long stay of the body in an uncomfortable position;
- muscle tension, especially in the cold;
- inadequate heavy physical activity;
- injuries of a different nature;
- consequences muscle cramps;
- stressful situations.
When myositis of the back appears, most people consider it to be the result of ordinary hypothermia, when it blew or blew through the lower back. Prolonged uncomfortable postures, physical overstrain, work in adverse weather conditions - indeed common causes faced by many.
No less common are situations when muscle inflammation is the result of a general pathology. The infection can spread not only from nearby tissues, but also through the bloodstream.
However, more often immune, metabolic, vascular and other mechanisms are included in the process. That is, myositis can become a manifestation or complication of the following conditions:
From an etiological point of view, it is very important to distinguish three main groups of back myositis:
- Purulent myositis associated with microbial flora
- Polymyositis, in which there is damage not only to the muscles of the back, but also to muscle groups of other localization
- Myositis ossificans is the deposition of calcium salts in the muscles, followed by the formation of bone tissue.
The main causative agents of purulent myositis are coccal forms of bacteria - staphylococci and streptococci. They are the initiators of the development of the purulent process in the tissues.
The causes of ossifying myositis have not yet been elucidated. Its connection with the following pathological conditions is noted:
- Increased intake of calcium in the body
- Kidney failure, in which calcium is poorly excreted from the body
- Endocrine disorders especially concerning the functioning of the parathyroid glands.
Polymyositis of the back muscles also has an unspecified nature. In most cases, this is a manifestation of an autoimmune process, which can be associated with the following factors:
- Pregnancy
- puberty
- Diseases of the endocrine glands
- Associated infections
- Burdened heredity, etc.
Among the most common provocateurs of spinal myositis:
The disease manifests itself at an early stage is extremely rare. Over time, patients begin to notice back pain in the morning. The thing is that during sleep, the human muscles are in a relaxed state and undergo swelling.
As soon as you wake up and get out of bed, an involuntary spasm of the back muscles occurs, causing pain.
You can pick up myositis in different situations and for all sorts of reasons:
- from a back injury (swimming, water polo, ski jumping and towers);
- from diabetes and gout;
- from taking drugs and toxic drugs;
- from complications after infectious diseases (tuberculosis, tonsillitis, influenza and other infectious diseases);
- as a concomitant disease of diseases whose actions affect the muscles of the back (lupus erythematosus, lumbar arthritis, rheumatism);
- less often from a nurse who violates the rules of hygiene when intramuscular injections(purulent myositis develops).
Myositis of the back muscles is acute. Untreated acute myositis usually becomes chronic. And adverse conditions provoke its resumption.
At the heart of dividing it into types are the causes of the development of the disease:
The types of myositis include diseases such as:
- polymyositis;
- neuromyositis;
- polyfibromyositis;
- ossifying myositis.
Often the disease is caused by various infections, for example, SARS, tonsillitis, rheumatism, influenza.
With trichinosis, echinococcosis, inflammation in the muscles can begin. Additionally, there are pains in the limbs, chest, masticatory muscles.
Drug use and poisoning lead to toxic myositis.
Classification
Based on the nature of the course of the disease, there may be acute myositis, subacute and protracted. According to the type of spread of the disease, myositis is divided into local and general.
In addition to the listed myositis of the muscles of the back has several forms:
Each of the above forms of myositis requires an individual approach.
The disease myositis is classified according to the degree of development into two types:
- Acute stage: a characteristic feature of this type is the transition to a chronic form with inconclusive treatment, which subsequently worsens with adverse factors;
- chronic stage: the result of infectious inflammation and the lack of timely treatment ( myositis of the chest and neck is more prone to chronic course with periodic exacerbations).
It is generally accepted to divide myositis into several types according to the origin of the disease and along the course, the main types of this disease include the following mixed types, combining forms of various categories of diseases:
The classification of myositis of the back muscles is as follows:
- Polymyositis, that is, damage not only to the muscles of the back, but also to the muscles of other anatomical regions
- Dermatomyositis is a lesion of the back muscles, which is combined with clinical signs of a violation of the normal structure and functioning of the skin.
- Juvenile dermatomyositis is a condition similar to dermatomyositis that occurs in young age(up to 25-30 years old)
- Myositis as part of the cross syndrome, that is, in the presence of any diseases of an autoimmune nature
- Unspecified forms of myositis.
Do not forget that the treatment of back muscle myositis is strictly individual and should be carried out by a qualified doctor. Attempts at self-treatment cannot lead to anything good, because it is not enough just to eliminate the pain, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of its appearance.
In the treatment of myositis of the back muscles, massage procedures can also be prescribed.
That is why the doctor first of all conducts a serious examination, which should reveal the cause of the onset of this disease. Based on the cause of the inflammation, appropriate treatment will be prescribed.
In any case, analgesics are prescribed to relieve pain and drugs that should relieve muscle inflammation. The most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
With local myositis, the use of ointments and preparations that have a local irritating effect can also be suggested, they should reduce muscle tension, due to which the pain syndrome weakens.
With acute myositis, bed rest is often prescribed to ensure rest for the affected muscles, and with purulent myositis, you almost always have to go to the surgeon.
In addition to the above remedies, in the treatment of myositis of the back muscles, massage, physiotherapy and therapeutic exercises are often prescribed.
Myositis is divided into several types. The classification is based on the origins (causes) of the origin of the disease. So, traumatic myositis is one of the most difficult. During it, the muscles become inflamed due to injuries or wounds.
There are two main types of muscle disease, which differ in symptoms and neglect:
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Myositis of the back muscles is classified according to the degree of development and is divided into the following two types:
Among the common varieties of myositis, one should separately consider, firstly, polymyositis, and secondly, dermatomyositis.
Polymyositis
The process involves the muscles of several groups. Pain is characterized by low severity.
The main symptom of the disease is muscle weakness that persists for a long time. At first, the patient may not be aware of the presence of his disease, noting only the growing weakness.
As the pathology progresses, it becomes difficult to perform the usual daily tasks.
Affected muscles gradually atrophy. The danger here is that this process is not accompanied by any accompanying signs.
That is why the patient must carefully monitor his condition in order to consult a doctor in a timely manner, because. neglected myositis, leading to severe muscle atrophy, can give a number of concomitant complications, primarily on the joints.
Dermatomyositis
Symptoms
The main symptoms of myositis of the back muscles are their soreness and limitation of movements. Pain in a certain place of the back develops over several hours and days, the pain is so intense that it makes the sick person look for a comfortable position.
At the same time, movements are limited, since their conduct causes increased pain. Soreness is aggravated by palpation of the muscles; palpation in the area of tension can also reveal muscle strands.
Purulent myositis of the back muscles is accompanied by all the symptoms of intoxication - fever, weakness, headaches. The rise in temperature is often determined in post-infectious myositis.
At chronic course any form of myositis develops muscle atrophy, as a result of which the muscular frame of the back relaxes.
To the most characteristics signaling the development of the disease, include a number of factors.
Back myositis symptoms:
- painful sensations in the back area are aching, in most cases appear in the lower back;
- the pain is aggravated by movement and pressure on the affected area;
- the pain is continuous, capable of not passing even in a state of rest;
- muscles are tense, mobility is limited;
- with diffuse infections of the muscles, the presence of painful knots and seals can be observed.
Perhaps the formation of swelling, an increase in temperature (indicates the development of purulent myositis). The person feels unwell, present chronic fatigue, which is especially disturbing in the morning.
This is due to the fact that swelling of the muscle tissue occurs at night, the blood supply becomes worse and all these reasons lead to spasms.
Symptoms of myositis of the muscles of the back largely depend on the causes, which were mentioned a little higher. However, almost always the first signs of the development of the disease are pain in the torso, which increases sharply with physical exertion.
Also, quite often, dense strands or nodules are observed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected areas of the muscles.
Acute infectious (purulent) myositis can be suspected by the following symptoms:
- Temperature rise;
- Chills;
- Increased pain at rest;
- Pathological (protective) muscle tension;
- Swelling and redness of the skin over the problem area.
In chronic course, myositis of the back manifests itself as follows. Local pains gradually increase.
There is a sharp pain during muscle contraction and palpation. Swelling of the soft tissues increases over the affected muscles, the skin turns red.
Gradually, limited mobility of the joint appears. Muscle weakness is noted, which eventually leads to atrophy.
Patients complain of severe headache, subfebrile temperature body, as well as hypersensitivity of the skin. There may be a general malaise, which is accompanied by pain when bending and turning the body.
The disease can cover one muscle or several groups. With systemic pathology, not only the back is involved, but also the neck and limbs. Clinical symptoms also depend on the nature of myositis: acute or chronic. But in each of the cases, patients will be disturbed by the main symptom - pain. It may have the following features:
Clinical manifestations of purulent myositis do not cause diagnostic problems. They are as follows:
- Back pain corresponding to the localization of the affected muscle
- Local increase in body temperature
- Inability to perform certain movements - flexion and extension, torso tilts to the side, turns, etc.
- Redness of the skin if the affected muscle is localized superficially
- With the development of a purulent process, a zone of fluctuation appears, that is, softening
- puffiness
- Increase in body temperature.
Myositis ossificans is characterized by a chronic course and poverty. clinical symptoms. The main features are:
- Local pain
- Foci of compaction in the affected muscle
- Gradual decrease in the volume of physical activity.
To diagnose this form of myositis, an X-ray examination is required. It reveals foci of ossification in a particular muscle.
An important diagnostic sign of back myositis is muscle weakness. However, not everyone understands what is meant by this concept. And it includes:
- It persists both in the morning and in the evening.
- It is not affected by human activity and stressful situations.
- In dynamics, its increase is observed, which does not depend on rest
- The range of motion steadily decreases, and if there is no treatment, complete immobility may develop.
In addition, do not forget that back myositis can be associated with damage to the diaphragm, muscles of the larynx and esophagus. And this is already dangerous for the development of serious consequences for the body. Clinically, this condition manifests itself the following signs:
- Respiratory failure
- Dysphagia - swallowing disorder
- Loss of voice or hoarseness, etc.
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis of the back muscles primarily affects the cervical region, and the muscles of the upper and lower extremities are also involved in the pathological process. The onset of the disease is manifested as follows:
- Malaise
- Pain in the muscles
- General weakness
- Joint pain is less common than muscle pain.
Gradually, there is a symmetry of muscle involvement in the pathological process. That is, first involved Right side back and then left. This leads to sharp decline volume of physical activity.
Myositis is characterized by aching pain in the muscles with a gradually increasing intensity.
Pain under the shoulder blade can resemble a heart attack, in the lower back - sciatica. Therefore, sometimes patients begin treatment on their own, trying simply to get rid of the pain.
But this does not lead to anything good, as it only increases inflammation of the back muscles. Treatment should be carried out by a specialist, choosing methods strictly individually.
But there is also general scheme treatment, effective for all types of myositis. Therapy should be complex, including both drugs for internal use and external agents. How is inflammation of the back muscles treated?
- First of all, painkillers and medicines are prescribed to relieve inflammation. As a rule, these are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. With damage to the back muscles, Diclofenac, Ketorolac, Metindol help well.
- Outwardly, with local myositis, ointments, rubbing and compresses help well. These can be drugs with a warming or anti-inflammatory effect. For example, "Finalgon", "Apizartron", "Kapsikam" have a local irritating effect, which leads to the subsidence of pain. Relieve inflammation of the ointment "Diclofenac", "Bystrum Gel", "Indomethacin", "Nise".
- In the acute period, the patient is usually advised to remain calm. Only then can the affected muscle recover. Warming up the affected area also helps, so it is recommended to wrap your back with a warm scarf.
- Very effective for removing muscle tension massage. It improves blood circulation, has a warming effect. It is contraindicated only in the purulent form of the disease and in dermatomyositis.
- Additionally, physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated for treatment. Ozone baths, electric current therapy, shock wave therapy, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture.
- When the pain subsides, to restore the work of the muscles, special exercises physiotherapy exercises. Yoga is effective as it relaxes the muscles well.
- It is necessary to follow a special diet, excluding salty, fatty and fried foods. The diet should include vegetables, fish, dairy products. Be sure to drink at least 2 liters of water.
- There are features only in the treatment of purulent myositis. Heating is contraindicated in this case, and the treatment consists in surgical opening of the purulent focus and removal of its contents.
The development of myositis of the back muscles in almost 100% of cases is manifested by muscle pain in the lumbar region. Less commonly, pain is felt in the legs and arms. During the movement, patients may experience discomfort and weakness, which does not allow them to go up the stairs to the second floor.
If you were able to tactilely feel the seals and the so-called "nodules" on your muscles, then they are a confirmation of the development of this disease. Seek immediate medical attention.
If you had an open muscle tissue injury, the temperature began to rise, chills or dizziness appeared - these are typical symptoms of back myositis.
Doctors identify other symptoms: when walking, the legs begin to hurt, the hands swell. Muscles launch a protective reaction against destruction, so all the actions of patients look constrained and slow.
In women, the sensitivity of the skin may increase, and some areas of it become covered with spots resembling pigment.
If you began to notice the manifestation of the symptoms listed above, then you will need to contact your doctor, who will send you to a specialized specialist, and also prescribe the necessary tests to accurately establish the clinical picture.
Most often, inflammation in the muscles of the back makes itself felt with aching, pain that restricts movement after a night's rest. In advanced cases, in the morning it seems that the whole body hurts. Moreover, the slightest movement leads to the appearance of strong shooting pain syndromes in places where the focus of inflammation is located.
- Aching pain in the lower back, the intensity of which is constantly and gradually increasing.
- Probing of dense muscle nodules, strands.
- Swelling of the affected area.
- During purulent myositis, the body temperature rises, the muscle is tense and thickens, the pain becomes stronger at rest.
- Hyperthermia (reddening of the tissue) and hypersensitivity skin.
- Violation of the range of motion, pain when tilting and turning the body.
- Sometimes muscle weakness develops in the legs.
- Muscle shrinkage in the advanced stages of the chronic form.
Myositis of the back muscles can manifest itself in different ways - depending on the reasons listed above. However, in most cases, the symptoms of this disease are pain in the torso, which increases dramatically with physical exertion.
Often in the muscles of the back affected by the disease, nodules or dense bands can be found. Talk about an acute infectious disease the following symptoms:.
Myositis of the back muscles, depending on the type and causes of its origin, manifests itself in different ways. Its main features:
- local muscle pain;
- infiltrate;
- hyperemia;
- limited movement;
- weakness in the muscles;
- muscle atrophy.
With the development of the disease, there is a significant tension in the muscles, accompanied by a gradual increase in pain, which further leads to a limitation of joint mobility.
When diagnosing myositis of the back, the symptoms of pain accompany the patient for a long time. With absence proper treatment muscle weakness develops, which can subsequently lead to muscle atrophy.
In the affected area, the development of tissue cells increases, the number of leukocytes, blood and lymph increases, as a result, a seal appears above it - an infiltrate. An increase in blood flow can cause reddening of the skin - hyperemia.
The pain syndrome becomes more intense regardless of movement, rest, sleep and weather.
Manifestations of myositis are possible in the morning after sleep, but in some cases they develop immediately after a traumatic impact or in the evening after a hard day.
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Symptoms depend on which part of the body the spasm is located in. Pain in the pathology under consideration is aching in nature, aggravated by movement and touch.
The course of the disease may be accompanied by fever, pain in the head. Muscle tension occurs as a protective reaction of the body, due to which movements become constrained, muscle weakness and atrophy are observed.
Diagnostics
Confirming developing myositis of the back muscles is not as easy as it seems. Signs can manifest themselves for a long time and are clearly indicated only during attacks.
Back pain is often mistaken for muscle pain. This is the main oversight, since the syndrome may be due to an exacerbation of the inflammatory process of the intervertebral disc.
Besides, muscle pain and convulsions may reflect other diseases of the motor apparatus and organs.
Myositis is diagnosed not only by external symptoms, but also by examinations:
- blood sampling for general and biochemical analysis;
- blood sampling for analysis for enzymes and antibodies;
- MRI (will determine the correct location sore muscles);
- electromyography (allows you to measure the bioelectric muscle potential);
- muscle tissue biopsy (one of the most accurate diagnostic methods that can be used to determine the degree of damage to muscle fibers).
Often there are situations when inflammation of the back muscles is not detected for many years, wrongly perceived as another disease, which also causes muscle weakness and pain.
Diagnosing myositis is quite difficult. This is due to the fact that its symptoms are most pronounced only with an exacerbation of the inflammatory process. That is why you need to consult a doctor when you find the very first signs of the disease. It is impossible to pull, since acute myositis often develops into chronic.
With the timely treatment of the patient, the doctor will be able to quickly and accurately establish the diagnosis and in the shortest possible time draw up a treatment plan. For this, the following examinations are usually prescribed:
- General and biochemical analysis of blood. Allows timely detection of the onset of the inflammatory process;
- Antibody tests. Conducted to exclude autoimmune diseases;
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is used to establish the exact localization of damage to muscle fibers;
- Electromyography. Allows you to determine the functional state of the muscles with the help of electrical stimulators;
- Biopsy of the muscles of the back. It is used only in extreme cases, because. involves taking tissue for examination under a microscope during surgery. The most informative method.
It is not difficult for a doctor to identify myositis of the back for a doctor. Diagnosis of the disease consists of the results of a clinical examination and an additional examination, which includes instrumental and laboratory tools. With inflammation of the muscles, it is necessary to conduct such studies:
If back myositis is suspected, the main recommended examination methods are the following:
- Electromyography
- radiograph
- The definition of creatine phosphokinase in the blood is an enzyme specific to muscles (with myositis, its level is markedly increased)
- Muscle biopsy and histological examination
- CT scan.
In the process of diagnostic search, the doctor must have oncological alertness. It is due to the fact that muscle pain can appear with oncological diseases especially before they were discovered.
Therefore, the exclusion of oncology is mandatory in all cases when there are muscle pains.
Treatment of myositis of the back muscles should be individualized. Attempts at self-treatment and following the recommendations prescribed by other people who have encountered the same problem are inappropriate here.
It is important not only to eliminate the pain symptom, but also to find the cause that provoked the disease. Only then can you be sure that the acute form of the pathology will not turn into a chronic one.
Diagnostics includes the following procedures:
- Blood test (if there is a disease, it will show elevated level muscle tissue enzymes).
- Tests for the presence of antibodies (make it possible to judge the presence of autoimmune problems).
- Biopsy of the back muscles (the most accurate diagnostic method, during which the muscles are examined in section under a microscope).
- Electromyography (the reaction of the back muscles is checked, nerve impulses and electrical stimulators are used).
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging makes it possible to highlight the affected area at the time of the study).
Only by passing comprehensive study patient, the doctor can prescribe an adequate treatment for the existing pathology.
Treatment of myositis of the muscles of the back implies a clear implementation of the doctor's prescriptions, some restrictions in sports and swimming, as well as the use of therapeutic agents that allow you to get rid of the infection in the body. A few words about the traditional method of treating the disease.
Establishing diagnosis
You should be prepared for the fact that the treatment can take quite a long time.
If myositis of the back muscles is suspected, the following research methods can be prescribed to a patient who has applied to a medical institution:
- Blood test. It allows you to determine the level of enzymes in muscle tissue. This indicator will be increased in case of a disease;
- MRI. Using this method, the exact localization of the lesion of muscle fibers is established;
- Antibody tests. They are carried out in order to exclude possible autoimmune diseases;
- Electromyography. During the study, electrical stimulators are used to determine the functional state of the back muscles;
- Biopsy of the muscles of the back. This method is the most informative, but is used only in extreme cases. This is due to the fact that it requires a piece of tissue, which can only be obtained through surgical intervention.
Already the first signs of the disease should be the reason for the patient to see a doctor who can diagnose the disease, make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.
The doctor determines the preliminary diagnosis based on the patient's complaints. Therefore, it is important to describe the symptoms of the disease as accurately as possible.
To exclude other diseases with similar symptoms, the doctor will prescribe additional examinations. Diagnostics includes:.
- magnetic resonance imaging;
- electromyography;
- back muscle biopsy;
- blood test, including for antibodies.
A biopsy is performed in doubtful cases.
Treatment
Treatment of myositis is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory process. In addition, it is necessary to cure the underlying disease that provoked its development. Progressive acute myositis requires a special approach.
Medical preparations
To universal anti-inflammatory drugs that are excellent for helping with various types inflammation include:
- ibuprofen;
- Diclofenac;
- Ketorol;
- Movalis.
Treatment of myositis of the back muscles should be carried out under the guidance of a physician. It includes several main points and largely depends on the cause of the development of the disease. The basis of treatment is the fight against infection, the proper organization of work, sports and the right rest.
Allocate symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy. To implement the latter, it is necessary to find out the true cause of the development of the disease and only then proceed to treatment.
Regardless of the causes of the disease, painkillers (analgesics) and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, usually NSAIDs (ketorolac, diclofenac, etc.). With local forms, warming ointments (finalgon, apizotron) can be used. These medicines have a local irritating effect, due to which the protective tension of the muscles is removed, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of pain.
One of the most effective drugs for adults, an ointment called Finalgon is considered, and for children there are many analogues, for example Doctor Mom.
Massage for myositis is not only not prohibited, but also extremely useful, especially if it is carried out in combination with physiotherapy procedures. In the chronic course of the disease, such treatment should be carried out at the resort to achieve maximum effect.
IN acute period disease, patients with myositis of the back are shown strict bed rest with the restriction of any physical activity. At high body temperature, antipyretics are prescribed by the doctor. It is recommended to keep the affected area of the back warm, you can use woolen bandages, scarves, etc.
If a person is diagnosed with purulent myositis, then most often treatment is carried out surgically. The infectious focus is opened and pus is removed from it, then a draining bandage is adjusted.
At the same time, antibiotic therapy is carried out in parallel, both local and parenteral.
Myositis of the back is detected quite difficult, due to the manifestation of symptoms during periods of exacerbations. Therefore, at the first signs, you should immediately contact a specialist who will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe a clear scheme. medical measures based on the patient's symptoms and using the following studies:.
- a blood test - showing an increase in the level of enzymes in muscle tissue in the presence of a disease;
- tests for the presence of antibodies - indicating autoimmune diseases;
- magnetic resonance imaging - allowing to identify areas of muscle damage at the moment;
- electromyography - checking the reaction of muscles with the help of electrical stimulators and nerve impulses;
- a biopsy of the spinal muscles is the most accurate method of diagnosing, a study when a muscle is cut under a microscope.
Muscle myositis, like any disease of the musculoskeletal system, can be favorable treatment with a clear sequence of all the doctor's recommendations.
It should be noted that with exacerbated forms, it is important to comply with bed rest, this is especially true for the diagnosis of myositis of the back muscles. Further, the patient is required to prescribe the following measures:
- pain relief therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
- physiotherapy procedures;
- the use of novocaine blockade is the introduction of a mixture of novocaine and a hormone containing a corticosteroid into the inflamed area. Considered one of effective methods, provided there are no contraindications;
- traction of muscles and ligaments - enough new method manual therapy giving good results.
Back myositis serious illness, which significantly worsens the patient's quality of life, so try to protect yourself from the cold and follow the simplest recommendations.
Try to do a warm-up more often if you have to sit at the computer for a long time, avoid drafts, eat more vitamins, fruits and vegetables. These simple rules of a healthy lifestyle will help your body avoid the development of myositis and its complications.
Pain resulting from inflammation of the back muscles requires timely elimination. This is what all patients want.
But you can not deal only with the elimination of symptoms, but you should approach the problem in a complex way. First of all, it is necessary to act on the cause that led to the disease.
In parallel, an impact on the processes that support pathology should be carried out. Traditionally, the following methods of treatment are used:
- Medical therapy.
- Physiotherapy.
- Massage.
- Physiotherapy.
Starting therapy, it is necessary to try to eliminate those factors that contributed to the appearance of inflammation. This will speed up recovery and prevent a similar situation in the future.
Treatment of myositis should be carried out under the supervision of a physician and in compliance with all his recommendations.
Medical therapy
Myositis should be treated with medical methods. They are the most effective and cover wide range pathological processes. To relieve pain, inflammation and muscle spasm, improve metabolism in soft tissues and stimulate their healing, use the following drugs:
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (Movalis, Ortofen, Artrozan).
- Muscle relaxants (Tolizor, Mydocalm).
- Vitamins and microelements.
Ointments (gels) with an anti-inflammatory and warming effect (Finalgon, Apizartron) are shown as local therapy.
Physiotherapy
Treatment of myositis should include not only medications, but also other methods. One of them is physiotherapy.
One of the most dangerous diseases of the back - myositis of the back muscles - causes inflammation of the skeletal muscles. It can affect the cervical region, thoracic region and back muscles. Almost every person needs to know what myositis of the back muscles is, what are its symptoms and the main treatment. This is important because myositis can cause a further increase in muscle spasm and other complications.
Inflammation of the back muscles is accompanied aching pain and the development of muscle weakness. Inflamed areas can be felt by hand, as they often swell and thicken. With myositis, reddening of the skin and an increase in body temperature are observed.
Symptoms vary depending on the location. Cervical myositis can cause headaches. Pain is aggravated not only with physical exertion, but also with palpation (palpation).
With myositis of the back muscles, not only the back itself hurts, but also the area of \u200b\u200bthe ribs and chest. Often in this case, intercostal neuralgia or a heart attack is diagnosed. But if it is myositis, then with an ECG, all indicators remain normal and cardio drugs will not have the desired effect.
Another common localization of myositis is the lumbar muscles. The pain in this case can also be given to the leg. The nature of the pain can be different. It can only cause inconvenience, or completely immobilize the patient.
At severe pain a person often has to take an unnatural, forced position of the body. Most often, the trapezius, rhomboid, latissimus dorsi and the longest, powerful muscle that straightens the spine suffer.
Causes of the disease
Myositis of the back muscles can occur at any age. Athletes are more likely to develop the disease. People who experience prolonged static loads also suffer. The disease often develops in office workers, people who constantly work at a computer or lead a sedentary lifestyle.
Classification and diagnosis of the disease
Usually, back myositis is divided into acute and chronic, depending on the form of the pathology. The cause of the acute form is trauma, hypothermia, viral infections. In the absence or improper treatment, the disease becomes chronic. Depending on the etiological factor There are such types of myositis of the back:
Symptoms of myositis can also occur in other diseases, for example, lumbar myositis has similar symptoms with osteochondrosis of the lumbar. Therefore, the diagnosis is established according to the results of the anamnesis, the clinic of the disease, laboratory research, MRI, EMG (electromyography).
Myositis of the back muscles has specific symptoms on which treatment will depend. How exactly to treat myositis, so that it is safe and effective, a specialist will advise. But in any case, during treatment, it is important to pay attention to the exclusion of physical activity and adherence to bed rest, as well as indications and contraindications if drug treatment is used. Patients are not recommended to carry out thermal procedures, deep massage.
To alleviate the patient's condition, blockades with novocaine, injections of Movalis, Diclofenac can be prescribed. Most often, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are chosen for the treatment of myositis. For example, it can be Indomethacin, Ketoprofen, Dexalgin, Denebol, Brufen, Voltaren.
These drugs perfectly relieve swelling of the nerve roots, inflammation and relieve pain. But you need to carefully choose the means for treatment, since long-term use of any medication can cause adverse reactions.
Eliminate pain warming ointments, creams and gels, such as Finalgon, Kapsikam, Diclofenac, Indomethacin. To relieve muscle spasm, the patient may be prescribed muscle relaxants, for example, Mydocalm or Sirdalut.
Purulent myositis cannot be warmed up. This prohibition is due to the fact that this procedure can lead to an increase in the purulent area.
Other forms of myositis require careful examination, accurate diagnosis and specific therapy:
If the treatment of back myositis is carried out with the help of medications, it is imperative to check the body's sensitivity to specific drugs and their components. Each of the drugs for the treatment of back myositis is selected individually. Sometimes surgery may be required. With some types of myositis, you can not use rubbing and ointments, so as not to increase the area of \u200b\u200binflammation.
If a person is concerned about myositis of the back, the doctor may prescribe physiotherapy treatment: UHF, paraffin wrap, mud or light therapy, electrophoresis, quartz irradiation, hydrogen sulfide, radon baths.
Therapeutic exercise is a prerequisite for treatment prescribed by the attending physician after a period of exacerbation. Exercises are selected individually and should be performed by the patient in a mild form.
Massage is allowed only in a state of remission, but not with purulent myositis. It is possible to treat myositis of the muscles of the back (with the permission of the doctor) using alternative methods.
Folk methods of treatment
How to treat myositis of the lumbar muscles can be learned from other sources (except a doctor). For example, on the Internet or in the literature on traditional medicine, contains folk methods of treatment, including ointments, rubbing, infusions and others.
In the inflamed area, you can rub an ointment prepared from the powder of willow buds and butter in a one to one ratio.
Another ointment can be prepared from four parts of crushed chamomile and one part butter. Before use, the ointment must soften.
Another ointment is prepared from a teaspoon of turpentine, one egg yolk and one tablespoon of vinegar. This ointment can also be used as a rubbing before going to bed.
In the summer, you can prepare a tincture of lilac flowers, while one hundred grams of dried lilac flowers are taken per half liter of alcohol. The resulting mixture must be insisted for a week and used as a rubbing.
The most harmless but effective recipe is a mixture of one part butter and four parts unsalted fresh lard. The components must be mixed and rubbed on the affected area, then provide heat to the affected area.
Prevention
The rules for the prevention of myositis are simple. We must not forget to do gymnastics during the day, maintain muscle tone, harden, avoid hypothermia and injuries. It is useful to swim in the pool. It is recommended to consume more fortified food, liquids, natural juices. It is important to follow the rules established by the attending physician. You need to give up bad habits and lead a healthy lifestyle.
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