Signs of low blood pressure. What to do if the pressure drops sharply? Critically low numbers

Hypertension is one of the most common ailments of our time. Mostly men and women of mature age suffer from this disease, but it happens that this problem occurs in young people.

What to do if the pressure of a hypertensive patient drops?

One of the signs of the disease is blood pressure that exceeds normal performance. However, it happens that a hypertensive patient may experience a sharp drop in blood pressure. What to do when this happens?

What are the reasons for this condition? And is it dangerous? There are many questions. We will try to find answers to them.

First aid

If you do not know what to do, if the pressure of a hypertensive patient has dropped sharply, then do not panic and, first of all, call an ambulance. And before her arrival, the following measures should be taken:

In order for a person not to lose consciousness, it must be transferred to a horizontal position;
raise upper limbs for the purpose of blood flow to the head;
If the clothes fit tightly on the figure, then you need to remove it or unbutton the buttons;
Massage the earlobes, and then the entire auricle;
Turn your head to the side, given state vomiting may occur;
Wrap a person with a warm blanket, because if a hypertensive patient has a strong drop in pressure, then a decrease in body temperature occurs, which causes chills;
Give the victim hot sweet tea to drink and give a piece of dark chocolate, which will positively affect the stabilization of pressure.

Medicines to raise blood pressure

Modern pharmacology has enough drugs that increase low blood pressure. However, their use is possible only after examining the doctor and his appointments.

Alpha-adrenomimetics (norepinephrine or norepinephrine, phenylephrine or irifrin, adrianol, mezaton, vistosan, midodrine or gutron). These drugs narrow the lumen of blood vessels, reducing smooth muscles.
Anticholinergic drugs also cause vasoconstriction.
Adaptogens stimulate activity of cardio-vascular system and remove signs of arterial hypotension.
Central stimulant drugs nervous system. This group helps to eliminate the state of drowsiness, fatigue.

Folk ways to help normalize low blood pressure

Why the pressure in a hypertensive patient has dropped, only a specialist can answer, his competence also includes the appointment of treatment.

However, there are also folk methods to help deal with this problem.

Black coffee. The use of the drink will be effective only for those people who do not drink coffee every day. If the body is accustomed to coffee daily stimulation, then this method will not affect the pressure increase.
Strong sweet black tea. The drink, like coffee, contains caffeine and affects blood pressure.
A mixture of cinnamon and honey. It is a fast and effective method of increasing blood pressure. The drug can be used both separately and with tea.
Eating sweets will help normalize blood pressure, so those who suffer from hypotension should have a few sweets with them, preferably chocolate.
Massage is enough effective method, which activates baroreceptors that perceive changes blood pressure and respond to its level. Massage should begin from above, massaging the center of the back of the head and the area at the base of the skull.
Cognac or red wine. The use of these drinks in small quantities contributes to the fact that blood pressure rises. Tinctures of some plants also normalize low blood pressure. These plants include: ginseng, eleutherococcus, chinese lemongrass, Manchurian aralia.
St. John's wort. Decoction of this medicinal plant relieves the feeling of fatigue and loss of energy.
Essential oils. For normalization reduced pressure you should periodically inhale their aroma.

Symptoms

People suffering high blood pressure get used to their condition. They quite often do not pay attention to the first symptoms of a sharp decrease in blood pressure, as they are not able to correctly assess the situation.

It happens that when the state of health worsens, patients, without measuring the pressure, take a second dose of the drug for high blood pressure and aggravate their condition. That is why every hypertensive patient should know the symptoms that indicate acute phase hypotension (lowering blood pressure):

Pallor skin;
Blue lips or nasolabial triangle;
Cold clammy sweat;
Hands and feet become very cold;
Veins sink;
There is numbness of the limbs and tingling in the area of the fingers and toes;
tinnitus, hearing loss;
Darkening in the eyes;
Changes in behavior are possible: the patient speaks, the gait is shaky, lost in time.

If a person in the described situation is not provided with immediate assistance, he is threatened with loss of consciousness.

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The reasons

Consider the reasons that may affect the fact that the pressure drops sharply in hypertensive patients.

Heart failure. This pathology may cause a decrease blood pressure because it is difficult for a sick heart to pump blood.
VVD (vegetovascular dystonia). This is a neurological disorder that occurs as a result of mental overstrain. Experts say dystonia is difficult to treat medications, and all manifestations go away after a good rest and restoration of the emotional background.
Kidney diseases. The adrenal glands are responsible for the production of adrenaline and acetylcholine - these are the two most important hormone providing vascular tone. Adrenaline increases blood pressure, tones up, acetylcholine lowers blood pressure, causes fatigue, irritability. If there is a malfunction in the work of the adrenal glands and kidneys, the pressure begins to "jump".
Reception medicines. Some medications have side effects that cause a sharp decline pressure in hypertensive patients. These drugs include antibiotics, painkillers, antispasmodics, heart drugs, and beta-blockers. If the patient is taking higher doses sedatives, the pressure may also drop below normal.
The presence of internal and external bleeding of an intense nature. Internal bleeding one may not suspect. Their presence is indicated by strong pain in the upper abdomen.
Pulmonary edema. There is pallor of the skin, tachycardia (the number of strokes increases to 120), cough, bloody foam comes out of the mouth.
Infectious diseases, accompanied by signs of severe intoxication and a significant increase in temperature.
In hypertensive patients, pressure can drop sharply if there is a decrease in the amount of glucose in the blood (in diabetics), as well as in anaphylactic shock.
The presence of depression of three types: asthenic ( constant feeling fatigue, weight loss), apathetic (indifference to everything: people, events, activities), anhedonic (lack of joy).

The reasons why a person's blood pressure drops are varied and numerous. Hypotension can disturb even healthy people leading an active, not burdened bad habits, lifestyle. Lowering blood pressure is either not as dangerous to health as hypertension and is much less often complicated by myocardial infarction or stroke, but frequent feelings of weakness, drowsiness and headaches significantly reduce a person's quality of life.

Main Causes of Pressure Drop

Hypotension has two forms - acute and chronic, the causes of which are of a different nature.

Classification of hypotension:

Sharp form.
Chronic form:

primary chronic arterial hypotension;
secondary chronic arterial hypotension.

Causes of acute hypotension

If the pressure drops significantly in a short period of time – talking about acute symptomatic hypertension which may be a symptom serious pathologies life threatening:

acute myocardial infarction;
intracardiac blockade;
internal or external blood loss;
thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery;
allergic reaction and the like.

This type of low blood pressure always occurs as a complication of a serious pathology. internal organs or the impact of adverse external factors. In these cases, urgent medical attention is needed.

Causes of chronic hypotension

Primary chronic arterial hypotension is an independent disease, its causes are neurosis-like diseases of the parts of the brain responsible for vasomotor function. Pathology usually develops after prolonged psycho-emotional overstrain and stress.

Secondary chronic arterial hypotension is often one of the symptoms of another disease or acute pathological condition of the body. Signs of low blood pressure are found against the background of:

rheumatism;
heart rhythm disturbances;
heart failure;
intoxications;
circulatory disorders;
respiratory diseases;
mental trauma;
brain injuries;
endocrine diseases;
alcoholism;
diabetes;
tuberculosis;
stomach ulcers;
anemia;
hepatitis A;
pancreatitis;
overdose of antihypertensive drugs.

What can lower blood pressure in healthy people

The reasons for the decrease in blood pressure healthy person can be:

Starvation and, as a result, insufficient intake of the necessary for normal life nutrients and vitamins C, E, B5.
Physiological hypotension eventually appears in professional athletes. They do this as a result of constant physical overload. The heart muscle also trains, gets used to heavy loads, begins to decrease less frequently, as a result, the level of blood pressure falls.
The reasons for the decrease in blood pressure in the vessels can also be a sharp change in weather and climatic conditions. This is affected by the increase in humidity and temperature. environment e.g. in a bath or sauna, electromagnetic fields and the level of radiation.
Constantly low pressure is inherent in people with a hereditary predisposition to this.
Hypotension is often the result of a decrease in vascular tone. AT normal condition the vessels must quickly narrow and expand, if for some reason this mechanism is disturbed, the reaction slows down, as a result, in the vessels of the heart and brain, the pressure of blood in the arteries decreases, the organs experience oxygen starvation and no longer function optimally.

What to do if the pressure drops (home methods)

To help a person who has symptoms indicating a decrease in pressure, it is necessary to create conditions for blood flow to the brain.

To do this, if possible, put it so that the head is located below the level of the legs, or plant and bend the head to the knees.
Provide fresh air and loosen tight clothing.
Force deep breathing.
Give a sniff of ammonia.
Massage the ears or the central part of the back of the head.
Spray your face with cold water.
Drink strong sweet or, but this is effective for those who rarely use it.
You can offer not very strong brine or other salty foods. Salt retains water in the body, and thus the pressure rises.
A good remedy is honey with the addition of cinnamon and lemon.
Offer to eat chocolate or sweets.

Of the available medications, you can take or caffeine.

Critically low numbers

If a person with normal pressure(120/80) BP drops below mm Hg. Art., you can already diagnose "hypotension".

A condition is considered dangerous if the blood pressure has dropped to mm Hg. Art. but everyone is different. If the patient has symptoms of a rapid deterioration in the general condition, if no help is provided, fainting, sometimes coma, may develop.

A high probability of death is represented by blood pressure if the upper indicator drops to 70-60 mm Hg. Art., and the lower one will drop beyond the mark of 50 mm Hg. Art.

Arterial pressure in a hypertensive patient can decrease without harm to his health and well-being by an amount equal to 20% of the usual level of blood pressure. If the pressure has dropped significantly, you need to urgently seek medical help.

Characteristic symptoms

If you do not have the opportunity to measure blood pressure, then hypotension can be suspected by symptoms. These include:

apathy;
drowsiness;
pallor;
increased sweating;
emotional instability;
distraction, forgetfulness;
violation of thermoregulation, it is indicated by cold feet and hands;
irritability;
dizziness;
sensitivity to climate and weather changes;
headache, mainly in the fronto-parietal or fronto-temporal regions;
motion sickness in transport;
shortness of breath accompanied by palpitations on exertion.

In addition, hypotension is indicated by periodic fainting in crowded places or stuffy rooms, daytime sleepiness, sleep disturbance and nocturnal sleep.

Hypotonic patients usually sleep for a long time, about 8-12 hours, it is difficult to wake up and in the morning they feel weak and lethargic.

Reasons for lowering blood pressure during pregnancy

Low blood pressure in women during childbearing may be due to:

physiological changes in the body;
pathological processes caused by diseases.

Physiological causes

On the early dates Pregnancy BP may drop slightly. This is a normal physiological phenomenon. This happens because at this stage there is an active formation of the vascular network to feed the fetus and hormones are released into the blood to relieve tension from the muscles so that a miscarriage does not occur. These hormones relax not only the muscles of the vessels of the uterus, but act on the vessels of the whole organism.

If the pressure drops slightly, nothing needs to be done, but if it drops by more than 10 units, a correction is needed.

exacerbate physical state women in this period:

poor nutrition;
stuffiness and crowds of people;
chronic sleep deprivation;
dehydration;
blood loss;
acute stress or long-acting constant stress.

Often, the pressure drops during a night's sleep, the enlarged uterus compresses large vessels and the blood supply to other organs is disrupted. If you stand up abruptly after sleep, you can feel dizzy from a sharp short-term decrease in blood pressure.

Pathological causes

In this case, the pressure decreases from exacerbation or activation of pathological conditions that, in the absence of pregnancy, do not affect the level of blood pressure:

with heart disease;
cardiovascular disease or vegetative dystonia;
stomach ulcer;
allergic diseases;
infectious diseases;
insufficient function of the glands internal secretion – thyroid gland, adrenal.

Often, with a slight decrease in blood pressure, a woman's well-being does not suffer, but with jump downward, characteristic unpleasant symptoms appear:

dull pain and heaviness in the head;
weakness, dizziness;
tinnitus;
weakness;
drowsiness;
irritability;
shortness of breath on exertion.

A woman complains of a breakdown, she wants to lie down and do nothing. Sharp movements lead to darkening and flickering of flies in the eyes, a feeling of dizziness and dizziness.

This condition can lead to fainting. portend fainting sudden feeling of heat or cold and profuse sweating.

With reduced pressure, blood flows to organs and tissues more slowly and in a smaller volume, this leads to oxygen starvation of the heart, brain and other organs not only of a woman, but also of a developing fetus:

Insufficient blood supply can lead to impaired blood supply to the placenta, which threatens its detachment, miscarriage or premature birth.
Insufficient intake of nutrients leads to hypoxia and low fetal weight.
A woman during delivery, low blood pressure threatens to weaken labor activity, risk postpartum hemorrhage and the slow return of the uterus to its previous state.

Preventive measures

Finishing the article, I would like to give parting words to people with hypotension or those who have a tendency to lower blood pressure. The Council aims to call for a healthy lifestyle, where there are no alcoholic drinks, smoking, overeating and inactivity. So, it is worth adhering to the rules daily:

night sleep should last at least 8 hours;
engage in feasible physical education;
morning exercises are obligatory, which must be started while still lying in bed;
daily hiking on the fresh air within 2 hours;
food should be at least three times a day, with the inclusion of dark chocolate and a reasonable amount of salt in the diet;
allocate time for tempering procedures (morning contrast shower is very effective).

In addition, do what brings positive emotions and joy. Avoid stressful situations. When performing these simple rules the quality of life will change for the better.

Conclusion

So, if a decrease in blood pressure occurs frequently and blood pressure values are very different from normal, you should not wait until it goes away on its own or try to cope with the situation on your own, you should immediately consult a doctor and undergo a diagnosis.

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Blood pressure (BP) is one of key indicators the vital activity of the organism. In fact, it demonstrates the performance of the heart muscle: the pressure with which it can “drive” blood through the circulatory system.

Let's delve a little into the theory. The first value in the blood pressure indicator is systolic blood pressure. It refers to the pressure in the arteries as the heart muscle contracts and blood is forced out into the arteries. The second value - diastolic blood pressure - is a measure of the pressure in the arteries at the moment when the heart muscle is relaxed. That is, it minimum score pressure in the arteries during the entire circulatory cycle. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called pulse pressure. According to accepted standards, it should be in the range of 35-55 mm Hg. Art. But this indicator is little known to the general public, since it is used quite rarely.

Is 110/70 mm Hg. Art. This figure is rather arbitrary, since blood pressure is a purely individual indicator of each person. It depends on many factors: psychological state, time of day, intake of tonic products, individual characteristics or medications. Therefore, normal blood pressure is determined by the ranges: systolic from 90 to 140 mm Hg. Art., and diastolic from 60 to 90 mm Hg. Art. Exceeding this range is referred to as hypertension, and BP below the normal range is hypotension or hypotension. It is in the last two terms that we will understand in as much detail as possible.

In most cases, a sharp drop in blood pressure is due to either external influence(often severe injuries or shock conditions), or an exacerbation of a third-party disease that provokes blood loss, heart failure and dehydration. In such cases, low blood pressure is the cause of the development of oxygen starvation of the brain and internal organs (hypoxia), which can result in insurmountable consequences.

A slight decrease in blood pressure does not have such a detrimental effect on the body, but it significantly affects the quality of life of the patient. Hypotension causes constant feeling weakness, apathy and a number of other symptoms that constantly make themselves felt.

Classification of hypotension

A little higher, we have already noted that blood pressure can drop rapidly, or it can decrease slightly. According to the nature of the decrease, hypotension is divided into acute and chronic.

The first is typical for injuries, shock conditions and collapses, when very low pressure is recorded and a very quick reaction to what happened is needed. Chronic hypotension is typical for people who have consistently low blood pressure due to individual predisposition or the costs of the profession. In particular, chronic hypotension is characteristic of athletes and those whose work is associated with constant physical exertion. Chronic hypotension is also sometimes called physiological. There is also an opinion that in a number of people from birth there is a predisposed organism to lower blood pressure.

In turn, chronic hypotension is divided into primary and secondary. The first of these is an independent disease. Opinions regarding its origin vary. But, for the most part, doctors believe that primary hypotension is a neurosis-like disease of the vasomotor centers in the brain, which is preceded by emotional overstrain or a long stay of a person under the influence of stress.

Secondary hypotension is a consequence of the development of third-party pathologies and intoxication of the body, or a side effect of taking medications. The tactics of dealing with this pathology is built around the treatment of the cause of its occurrence. And therapy aimed at normalizing pressure is symptomatic.

Causes of hypotension

We have already indicated that low pressure can be a consequence professional factors and individual characteristics of the organism. Let's look at what exactly can cause acute and secondary hypotension.

Lead to acute hypotension:

sharp allergic reactions(anaphylactic shock),
myocardial infarction and intracardiac blockade,
arrhythmias with a severe course,
large volume of blood loss.

This list is far from exhaustive. But the main thing to remember in acute hypotension is that the pressure in such cases drops to very low rates and the person needs urgent hospitalization. The account, in most cases, goes on minutes.

Many diseases associated, in fact, with all vital systems of the body can lead to secondary hypotension. In particular, chronic hypotension is often caused by diabetes, gastric ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Specific disease, provoking low pressure, is diagnosed only by a set of studies, since only the correct history allows you to eliminate the cause and return blood pressure to normal.

Causes of low blood pressure in women

Separately, it is necessary to consider the prerequisites that lead to a decrease in blood pressure in women. Because of them physiological characteristics, the list of reasons here is somewhat wider.

Cases of fixation of hypotension in pregnant women are quite common. At different periods of bearing a child, this condition is caused various factors. In the first trimester, a decrease in blood pressure is the body's response to a sharp jump in the production of the hormone progesterone. For more later dates low pressure occurs due to the physically growing belly. It makes it difficult to return to the heart venous blood, which is especially pronounced hypotension during pregnancy with twins. Also lead to hypotension during pregnancy Iron-deficiency anemia, polyhydramnios and inferior vena cava syndrome.

In addition, low blood pressure is typical for those women who are too addicted to vegetarianism. Flaw essential vitamins and trace elements is nutritional reason hypotension.

Probably also the development of hypotension in women during menstruation. All the same iron deficiency in the body, enhanced by the refusal to eat iron-containing foods (meat) during diets, causes hypotension.

Symptoms of the development of hypotension

Low blood pressure is easily diagnosed with the help of a fairly easy-to-use device that almost everyone who experiences certain problems with blood pressure has at home. But the measurement itself will show only a one-time decrease in blood pressure, which may well be situational and not be hypotension. Therefore, this disease, in addition to regular measurements of blood pressure, can be determined by a number of visual signs, most of which, one way or another, are associated with the general condition of the body.

First of all, hypotension is indicated general weakness. It is expressed in constantly feeling unwell for no apparent reason, absent-mindedness, lethargy, unstable emotional state and general apathy. Hypotension is characterized bad dream, a constant feeling of lack of sleep and difficulty waking up in the morning.
In addition, hypotension is often manifested by vomiting, the occurrence of shortness of breath and arrhythmia, even with minor physical exertion, excessive sweating and dizziness. Quite often, people experience mild dizziness when getting up from a chair or bed - this clear sign low blood pressure.

Symptoms like these are a good reason to see a doctor. This will allow you to find the cause of this condition in a timely manner, correctly build tactics for its elimination and effectively get rid of hypotension. The main thing to remember is that self-treatment of hypotension will only result in a one-time normalization of blood pressure. But without eliminating the causes that led to this problem, it will not be possible to completely get rid of hypotension. And the only correct way out for hypotension is to contact a specialist who will determine the cause of low blood pressure and offer the correct complex treatment.

Treatment of hypotension

Treating hypotension is enough interest Ask. In most cases, it is not treated, but diseases that provoked low blood pressure. And in such cases, the tactics of therapy directly depends on what it is aimed at.
Another thing is when we consider primary chronic hypertension, or the state of acute hypertension, in which a person needs to quickly raise blood pressure to normal level. In such cases, the treatment regimen is aimed specifically at normalizing blood pressure. Therapy in such conditions is built in two directions:

medical treatment,
lifestyle corrections to eliminate the prerequisites for the development of hypotension.

Medicines for high blood pressure

Three groups of drugs are used to combat hypotension:

adaptogens,
alpha adrenomimetics,
analeptics.

Let's bring them brief characteristics in the form of a table:

Drug group	Commercial names and price	Description	Nature of action
Adaptogens	Pantocrine (from 137 rubles), Saparal, ginseng, pink radiola, lemongrass.	Preparations of natural or artificial origin, which increase the ability of life support systems to resist external influences. They are considered the mildest groups of drugs against hypotension.	Medicines of this group have a vasoconstrictive effect and tone the vascular center. In addition, adaptogens have a positive effect on general condition person, leveling fatigue and apathy.
Alpha-agonists	Gutron (from 1100 rubles), Mezaton (from 82 rubles).	The drugs of this group are used, in most cases, in acute hypotension, when a quick and effective rise in blood pressure is necessary.	They affect alpha-adrenergic receptors, maintain a constant volume of blood circulating in the body, and have a vasoconstrictive effect.
Analeptics	Cordiamin (from 77 rubles), Etimizol.	Drugs with a strong effect on the departments medulla oblongata responsible for respiratory and vasomotor functions.	Analeptics stimulate the work of the respiratory and circulatory systems, as well as a number of departments of the central nervous system.

The choice of a specific drug from this list is the prerogative of doctors. Much depends on the nature of hypotension, the individual characteristics of the patient and a number of concomitant factors. In any case, the effect of the use of medicines of any of these groups, when used correctly, is sufficient to bring blood pressure back to normal.

Behavioral factors for dealing with low blood pressure

Many doctors unanimously say that the key to combating hypotension is healthy lifestyle life. First of all, it concerns emotional state. More positive emotions, enjoyment of life, a sense of the usefulness of oneself and one's activities - in many cases are the fundamental factor in the normalization of blood pressure.

In addition, for people prone to hypotension, it is important balanced diet filled with all necessary components, good rest after physical exertion and physiological procedures aimed at strengthening the walls of blood vessels. These include massages, swimming, hardening of the body with a contrast shower.

We must not forget about an active lifestyle. Regular physical exercise stimulate more intensive work heart, which begins to eject large volumes of blood into the circulatory system. Thanks to this, blood flow is normalized and the natural level of blood pressure is restored.

The complex of these behavioral factors is useful not only for those suffering from hypotension. By adhering to these simple rules, any person will always keep his body in good shape and forget about many health problems.

Article publication date: 12/28/2016

Article last updated: 12/18/2018

From this article you will learn: what indicators of blood pressure should be taken as low pressure, why this happens and what it threatens. How can you raise the pressure to normal numbers.

Low pressure indicators are less than 100/60 mm Hg. Art. With such parameters, blood circulation in the vessels is sharply reduced, which leads to impaired blood circulation in all internal organs, primarily vital ones - the heart and brain. This phenomenon is called hypotension.

Indicators of the norm and deviations of blood pressure

If the decrease in blood pressure is emergency, there are symptoms of critical disorders in the body, life threatening person. About 15-25% of people live with hypotension for years, and sometimes decades, without feeling any manifestations and complaints.

emergency care in emergency situations lowering blood pressure is required to provide any physician. In all other cases, it is best to contact a general practitioner or family doctor. These specialists will be able to fully assess the situation and determine the most likely reason why it arose.

Depending on the cause of the problem, patients are referred to other specialists: to a cardiologist, surgeon, endocrinologist, neuropathologist. The required volume and effectiveness of treatment are very unpredictable: from elementary techniques, which in a few minutes will bring the pressure back to normal, to surgical intervention with hospitalization in intensive care unit, or lifelong compliance with medical recommendations that will not always bring the desired result.

What pressure indicators are considered low

The answer to the question: how much is low pressure is ambiguous. The generally accepted safe lower limit of normal blood pressure for systolic and diastolic values is 100/60 mm Hg. Art. But in practice, one has to deal with situations when they are much lower, but at the same time a person does not feel any discomfort and leads an active lifestyle.

According to classical concepts, hypotension is accompanied by circulatory disorders in the form of:

Deceleration of blood flow through large vessels.
Decreased microcirculation through the capillaries.

This impairs the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to all internal organs, from which they are disturbed. normal functioning. The brain and heart are most vulnerable to hypoxia (oxygen starvation).

Due to the adaptive reactions of the body, a decrease in blood pressure is not always accompanied by signs of microcirculation disorders and oxygen starvation, but only under certain circumstances.

Physiological or pathological hypotension - all individually

If a person's blood pressure is below 100/60 mm Hg. Art. does not cause any symptoms and signs of impaired blood circulation, this can be perceived as a variant of the norm - physiological hypotension. It is an individual feature and is more common in women. young age(from adolescence to 40–45 years) over many years.

Types of arterial hypotension

Therefore, some experts recommend taking 90/60 mm Hg beyond the lower limit of the normal pressure. Art. Whether this is true or not is difficult to judge. It has been established that, despite the absence pathological manifestations, people with persistent hypotension throughout life are more susceptible to various diseases: anemia, decreased immunity, neurogenic disorders, arrhythmia. About 85% of them after the age of 45 become hypertensive with strong rise pressure that is resistant to drug treatment.

Eliminating habitual hypotension can be extremely difficult and not always safe. This is due to the fact that all body systems that regulate blood pressure (nervous, autonomic, hormonal) for a long time adapted to keep it at a low level. They have established such a balance among themselves, in which the body does not experience pronounced changes. If you artificially try to increase the pressure, this balance is destroyed and a hypotensive person develops pronounced disorders even at 100/60 mm Hg. Art., not to mention higher.

Pathological hypotension is considered if it is accompanied by complaints and characteristic disorders. This happens more often in people with normal or high blood pressure, when it drops downward. At the same time, the brain and heart experience oxygen starvation, which is the reason for the main symptoms of hypotension.

Causes of the problem

Low pressure always caused by a violation of the mechanisms of its regulation. In the table they are described with indication of causes and diseases.

Pressure Reducing Mechanisms	Causes and diseases
Decreased amount and volume of blood	Bleeding: gastrointestinal, uterine, wounds
Decreased amount and volume of blood	Dehydration: insufficient intake of water and salt, diarrhea, vomiting, overheating, excessive sweating
Decreased pumping function of the heart	Heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy
Decreased hormonal activity of the endocrine glands	Thyroid - hypothyroidism
	Adrenal - hypocorticism (Addison's disease)
	Pituitary and hypothalamus
Violation nervous regulation vascular tone	Condition after nervous shocks and psychosis, a change in body position (if you get up very abruptly from a lying or sitting position), being in a stuffy, cramped or poorly ventilated room
	Vegetovascular dystonia, hereditary features of the regulation of vascular tone
	Stroke and cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, tumor
Redistribution of blood in the body - excessive expansion of small vessels	Poisoning and intoxication against the background of infections, ulcers, injuries and burns, alcohol abuse, work with toxic substances
	Overdose of antihypertensive drugs: Nitroglycerine, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, antispasmodics (no-shpa, dibazol), beta-blockers, calcium inhibitors.
allergic reactions	household, food allergens, treatment with any medications

Causes of low pressure

The extreme degree of pressure drop (below 80–90/50–60 mm Hg), accompanied by very severe microcirculation disorders, is called shock. He can be:

hemorrhagic - the result of blood loss;
cardiogenic - dysfunction of the heart;
infectious-toxic - poisoning, intoxication;
traumatic - a consequence of a severe injury;
anaphylactic - an allergic reaction.

It is important to understand that low blood pressure is not only the result of various pathological processes and influences. Arising from one of possible causes slight hypotension (less than 90/60 mm Hg), can cause critical violations blood circulation in the heart and brain, from which the performance will decrease even more.

Possible symptoms

A person whose pressure has decreased may notice the following symptoms and complaints:

dizziness;
headache;
impaired coordination of movements, general weakness;
pale skin, sweating;
frequent or rare pulse;
feeling of heartbeat;
fainting, lethargy;
nausea, vomiting.

If hypotension is not independent pathological condition, but just one of the symptoms of various diseases, it is accompanied by other signs characteristic of them (they are described in more detail in the table of the section "algorithm for helping patients").

Patient care algorithm

The first step in treating low blood pressure is to determine what the condition is. If it is urgent, there is no time to think - you need to call an ambulance to such a person (telephone 103) and start first aid before it arrives. In any case, patients should be examined by different specialists: a therapist, a cardiologist, a surgeon, a neuropathologist, an endocrinologist.

By differentiated exclusion of the most dangerous reasons lowering blood pressure, taking into account the existing symptoms, can be found true reason. It may take only a few minutes to remove it, surgery, and it may be that treatment will be required throughout life.

The general algorithm for helping in any case of low pressure looks like this:

Lay the person on our back, raise your legs, lower your head slightly.
Make sure that the patient has Free access fresh air.
Measure blood pressure, do not remove the cuff for dynamic monitoring of its performance.
If the person is unconscious, determine if there is breathing and a pulse on the vessels of the neck ( carotid arteries). If they don't, start artificial respiration and cardiac massage.
If possible, identify the accompanying complaints and symptoms described in the table. This will help determine the most likely cause of hypotension, and further assistance provide differentiated.

Click on photo to enlarge

What to pay attention to	Possible causes of hypotension	What to do with low pressure
Blueness, puffiness of the face, shortness of breath, chest pain	Heart attack or pulmonary embolism	Give under the tongue Aspirin (Cardiomagnyl), nitroglycerin (if the pressure is at least 90/60)
Hematemesis, black stool	Stomach or intestinal bleeding	Cold on the stomach, hemostatic drugs (Etamzilat, Dicinon, Sangera), Omez
Brain signs (arm and leg weakness, loss of speech and vision, facial twisting)	Stroke, hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, tumor, inflammation of the brain	Do not lower your head, lay it on its side, impose cold, make sure that the person does not choke when vomiting
Periodic or sudden episodes of low blood pressure without any additional manifestations	Vegetovascular dystonia, disorders hormonal balance, a sudden change in body position, overheating, stressful situations	Provide peace, give strong coffee or drugs to drink: citramon, caffeine, cordiamine. If there is no effect - injections Dexamethasone, Prednisolone
Constantly low pressure	If there are no complaints - body features	Treatment by a specialist, general tonic preparations for long-term use(months): Eleutherococcus, Tonginal, Pantocrine.
Constantly low pressure	The presence of complaints - endocrine or neurovegetative disorders
Very pronounced (less than 80-90 / 50-60) acute hypotension that violates the general condition	Any type of shock, including anaphylactic shock (allergy)	General activities combined with intravenous administration drugs: Mezaton, Dexamethasone dopamine, Refortan, Adrenalin.

In all cases of a sudden drop in blood pressure, be sure to call an ambulance (telephone 103). Behind this symptom, a dangerous disease can be hidden!

Forecast of treatment effectiveness

If pressure drop is a symptom of severe emergency diseases, only specialists in a hospital should increase it. In this case, the prognosis is unpredictable (50% of patients in state of shock die). Habitual causeless hypotension does not pose any danger to life, but in 60–70% it cannot be eliminated, despite treatment.

Decreased blood pressure due to chronic diseases internal organs and hormonal deficiency normalizes on its own against the background of their treatment. Periodic episodes of mild hypotension against the background of vegetovascular dystonia, changes in body position, weather sensitivity and other factors are best treated and least dangerous.

Sudden pressure drops can greatly ruin our lives. Just now you felt cheerful and cheerful, but literally in a matter of seconds everything changed.

If the person is outside, take him to the shade. It is important to know that at this moment, hypertensive patients should not be allowed to smell ammonia, drink or take containing alcohol, and pour cold water over them.

From folk remedies the following can be advised:

promotes fluid retention, which greatly increases the volume of blood flow, thereby raising the pressure;
is a well-known vasodilator. But it works only if a person drinks the drink only occasionally;
, since it contains, it will also help raise blood pressure;
a good way is a mixture of powder and. Proportions: 1 tbsp. honey to 1 tsp cinnamon. You can eat separately or drink tea;
help essential oils: sage and lavender, bergamot and ylang-ylang, and almonds;
selection herbal preparations should be carefully considered as some plants have contraindications. You can eliminate hypotension with tea from radiola rosea or;
although it lowers blood pressure due to the tannin in the drink, it is very dangerous to use it. The effect is achieved after a dose of 80 g. And this is quite a lot. Such treatment is possible only with the permission of a doctor.

Be careful with taking fatty foods: it is contraindicated for hypertensive patients.

Blood pressure suddenly dropped: what medicines you need to drink to increase it

There are many. But their use is permissible only after agreement with the doctor.

Blood pressure medications include:

alpha-agonists(for example, Gutron or Mezaton or Norepinephrine). Their principle is based on the contraction of smooth muscles and, accordingly, the narrowing of the lumen of the vessels;
adaptogens. Stimulate the heart and blood vessels. There are plant origin() or synthetic;
anticholinergic drugs, for example, Bellaspon;
CNS stimulants: or Etimizol.

It does not matter how often a person has a decrease in pressure. Even if such conditions disturb him occasionally, you need to contact a cardiologist and undergo the necessary examination.

Neck massage to normalize blood pressure

The procedure effectively affects the functioning of the heart and perfectly dilates blood vessels. Due to this, stagnation in the circles of blood supply disappears, and the pressure returns to normal.

The peculiarity is that for effective exposure, it is enough to work only with the cervical-collar zone.

The procedure is performed with the patient lying down or sitting. The movement of the masseur's hands is from top to bottom, and this does not allow pressure to rise.

Neck massage

After massaging the neck, they move to the area of the trapezius muscles and shoulder blades. Stroking movements. Then gently perform kneading and tapping of the back. At the end of the procedure, a soothing stroking is performed.

Any type of massage requires the patient to fulfill the following conditions:

selection of suitable technology;
entrust the procedure to a specialist or conduct a massage on your own, having previously studied the intricacies of his technique;
consultation with a doctor is mandatory for possible contraindications.

Physiotherapy against low blood pressure

Physiotherapy virtually eliminates any side effects and help to significantly reduce the amount of medication taken:

cryotherapy. Based on influence low temperatures on the human body. At the same time, a general activating effect is observed: decongestant, antispasmodic and analgesic;
laser therapy. Principle: directed beam treatment. By absorbing light particles, the cells of our body are renewed, blood circulation and its viscosity are improved. Laser therapy reduces the treatment time and makes it possible to minimize the use of drugs;
magnetotherapy. Positive effect achieved through the impact magnetic field on the cells of the body, triggering its internal reserves. Normalization of blood pressure with this treatment occurs as a result of improved cerebral circulation.

If low blood pressure bothers you infrequently, but you would like to get rid of it completely, then regular prevention will help.

Walking outdoors should be mandatory.

Don't be lazy to do morning exercises She will set the tone for the whole day.

Go swimming or go to the gym. Excellent strengthens blood vessels and. Don't forget about it after every bath.