Myocardial infarction is considered one of the most common pathologies and complications among cardiovascular disease... Rehabilitation after suffering a heart attack should be complex.
An important principle in the post-infarction period in men is diet. Proper nutrition should include food that normalizes in the body metabolic processes, improves hemodynamics and enhances therapeutic effect from taking medications.
Heart attack is a condition that is promoted by impaired blood supply in one of the zones of the heart. In addition, a heart attack is also considered acute current ischemic disease.
A common cause of pathology is in which cholesterol in the blood rises, as a result of which the walls of blood vessels change and atherosclerotic plaques form in them. Often, when the capsules of these plaques are damaged, a thrombus is formed, the consequence of which is the occlusion of the vessel. As a result, the blood supply to the heart decreases and even stops, after which organ ischemia occurs, followed by the development of necrosis.
The causes of a heart attack can be hypertonic disease and obesity.
Among the factors that affect the development of heart attack, the following are distinguished:
- Stressful situations
- Excessive physical activity
- Psychoemotional stress
- Myocardial diseases
- Hypodynamia
- Advanced age
- Smoking
- Alcohol abuse
- Hereditary factor
- Improper nutrition
- Diabetes
The main symptom of a heart attack is considered acute pain syndrome, which is observed in the region of the center of the sternum and behind it. Typical for pathology is the sensation of squeezing and burning, the pain radiates to the arm, shoulder, neck, back. It is important to say that the use of Nitroglycerin does not affect the elimination of pain during a heart attack.
Other signs of pathology include:
- Pallor of the skin
- Dizziness
- Irregular heart rhythm
- Shortness of breath, shortness of breath
- Feelings of anxiety and fear
- Interruptions in the work of the heart
- Abdominal discomfort and soreness
- Cold sweat
- Headache
- Cyanosis of the mucous membranes
- Loss of consciousness
- General weakness
- Apathy and lethargy
- Gender (male patients are more likely to have heart attacks)
If these symptoms occur, you must immediately call an ambulance.
Nutrition for men in the postinfarction period
V rehabilitation period it is necessary to eat food that contains magnesium and potassium, lyotropic components. The first courses are preferably vegetarian. It is better to replace sugar with honey.
For men who have suffered a heart attack, experts recommend following products which are believed to be beneficial for heart muscle recovery. These foods include:
- Seaweed
- Vegetable oil (best olive oil)
- Fresh and boiled vegetables (carrots, beets, zucchini, potatoes, tomatoes)
- Fruits (pears, peaches, bananas, persimmons, apricots, apples)
- Dried fruits (raisins, prunes, dried apricots)
- Dairy products
- Low fat broths
- Greens
- Pasta
- Low fat cheese
- Porridge (buckwheat, rice, wheat)
- Cottage cheese
- White fish
- Chicken egg proteins
- Chicken meat
- Lean meat (beef, rabbit, turkey)
- Berries
- Melons and watermelons
These products supply the body with polyunsaturated acids, which protect against recurrence of a heart attack. Fruits and vegetables contain fiber that men need to prevent disease. In addition, the recommended food eliminates excess weight, reduces stress on the heart and blood vessels, improves blood circulation, improves metabolic processes.
It is also important to establish a drinking regime during the rehabilitation period.
The amount of water consumed per day should be about a liter and a half. Of the drinks that will be useful to a man who has had a heart attack, an infusion of rose hips, berry jelly should be distinguished, cranberry juice, non-carbonated alkaline mineral water, green tea with lemon, herbal decoctions.
What foods should be excluded from the diet
In the period after a heart attack, it is forbidden for men to include the following foods in the diet:
- Salty food
- Fresh bread
- White cabbage
- Legumes
- Grape juice
- Cucumbers
- Whole milk
Such food contributes increased gassing, which is highly undesirable for heart problems.
In addition, it is not allowed to eat such foods after a heart attack:
- Smoked meats
- Sausages
- Fatty foods, as well as foods that contain a large number of animal fats
- Cod liver
- Canned food
- Marinades
- Spices, condiments and spices
- Alcoholic drinks
- Baking
- Confectionery
- Butter
- Mushrooms
- Pasta and bread made from premium flour
- Mayonnaise
- Sorrel
- Radish and radish
- Egg yolks
- Sugar
- Chocolate
In addition, coffee, carbonated drinks, strong tea must be excluded from the diet. To prevent stress on the heart muscles, it is necessary to reduce the amount of salt in food. It can be replaced with a therapeutic and prophylactic one. However, the amount consumed in salt should not exceed 5 g per day.
It is important to exclude food that contains a large amount of cholesterol (offal, caviar, meat fatty varieties, Salo).
Power mode, indicative menu
It is important after a heart attack not only to include healthy foods in the diet and exclude harmful products but also stick to correct regime nutrition. The main goal of a diet for men is to lower cholesterol levels in the body.
Medical nutrition in the post-infarction period is conventionally divided into several stages:
- Acute period
- Subacute
- Scarring stage
In the first week at acute period you should adhere to fractional nutrition: eat food up to seven to eight times a day in small portions. The best dishes at this stage, vegetable soups and decoctions, low-fat milk porridge are considered, vegetable purees... The number of consumed kilocalories should not exceed 1000. It is recommended to drink carrot juice in the first days after suffering a heart attack.
After that, you can switch to five or six meals a day. The duration of such a regime should be about a month. The calorie content of food per day is approximately 1400 kilocalories.
Useful video - Life after a heart attack:
The patient's dishes should be consumed those that are steamed, boiled or stewed. It is forbidden to eat fried food.During the scarring period (about the third week after a heart attack), nuts, dried fruits, and bran should be included in the diet. The calorie content is increased to two thousand kilocalories.
An indicative menu for men after a heart attack is as follows:
- Breakfast. Wheat porridge, unsalted cheese, green tea with lemon.
- Lunch. Cottage cheese, mashed with honey, rosehip broth.
- Dinner. Lenten borscht, vinaigrette, boiled chicken, berry jelly, pear.
- Afternoon snack. Fruit jelly, compote, crackers.
- Dinner. Boiled potatoes, steamed fish, milk tea.
- Before bedtime. Half a glass - a glass of fat-free kefir.
It is important to remember that in the post-infarction period, a specialist prescribes a diet, taking into account the severity of the pathology, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient. Therefore, it is important to adhere to his recommendations regarding nutrition for men.
Recovery normal work heart and prevention of repeated heart attacks, it is necessary not only to observe proper nutrition, but also to lead a healthy lifestyle.
All patients who have undergone acute ischemic disease hearts need a long period of rehabilitation. Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction is one of the components of this complex process... Dosed physical activity and a rational diet will benefit anyone healthy person... And for patients of a cardiological hospital, these affordable things become vital.
Read in this article
There are several general requirements to the diets of cardiac patients. The daily food should contain a minimum of calories and stimulate weight loss in patients. However, at the same time, the dishes must be completely balanced, have a sufficient vitamin and electrolyte component, contribute to the early scarring of the affected areas of the myocardium.
Experts distinguish three main stages in a therapeutic diet after acute myocardial necrosis. It all depends on the limitation period of the pathological process:
| Recovery stages | Duration | Organization of the patient's meals |
| 1 | Is 2 - 6 days after the onset of the disease. | During this period, nutrition is usually considered for myocardial infarction in intensive care. The frequency of food intake ranges from 6 to 8 times a day, and the portions themselves should not exceed 150-200 grams. |
| 2 | It takes from 15 to 20 days from the date of admission of the patient to the hospital. | The diet in this period of time is no longer so strict. The patient is in the ward of the general department, he is allowed, which require an appropriate amount of calories. The number of meals is reduced to 4 - 5 times a day and does not require special mechanical preparation of dishes. |
|
(or the period of scar formation on the heart muscle) |
Begins from 26 to 28 days after the onset of the disease. | The diet is expanding, the patient is allowed to eat salt, but not more than 2 - 3 grams per day. The patient's food has a dietary basis, but the amount of fluid is significantly reduced. |
After the transferred serious illness any person needs full-fledged rehabilitation, which consists not only in regular admission of the prescribed by the doctor medicines but also in changing the whole way of life. One of these ailments is.
Rehabilitation of postinfarction patients is aimed at such main goals as:
- constant adherence to the rules of rational dietary nutrition;
- the fight against excess weight;
- almost constant monitoring of blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol levels in the blood;
- prevention of stressful situations;
- sufficient physical activity.
One of the key roles in the recovery of the body after many diseases is played by the competent composition of the diet. In order to ensure full recovery of the heart muscle after myocardial infarction, the patient must follow diet No. 10 B, and subsequently diet No. 10 C. In this case, the daily menu should be complete, varied and balanced.
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All patients who have had myocardial infarction are assigned an approved by the Institute of Nutrition diet number 10 B and later diet number 10 C whose diets should contribute to:
- reducing the load on the heart and blood vessels;
- restoration of myocardial activity;
- improving metabolic processes and blood circulation;
- stabilization of weight, in the presence of extra pounds;
- normal functioning of the digestive tract.
The basic principles of such a balanced diet are:
- reducing the amount of consumed fats and carbohydrates to reduce the calorie content of the diet, followed by its gradual increase;
- restriction of use free liquid and table salt(cm. );
- elimination of foods that increase cholesterol (see Fig. 1) and blood sugar;
- exclusion of cold foods and drinks below 15 ° C;
- avoiding foods that cause bloating, irritation digestive tract, kidneys and liver - milk, by-products (brains, liver, kidneys, lungs), legumes, White cabbage, drinks with gas;
- exclusion of foods that stimulate the cardiovascular and nervous system - strong tea, coffee, cocoa, spices, alcoholic drinks(cm. );
- exclusion of confectionery and baked goods;
- the introduction of foods rich in vitamin P into the diet, ascorbic acid, potassium and magnesium - citrus fruits, rose hips, sea buckthorn, black currant, dried apricots, prunes, dates, bananas, seaweed, oatmeal, buckwheat, etc.
Rice. 1 - The content of cholesterol in food.
Three rations of diet No. 10 B
After suffering myocardial infarction, the patient is prescribed diet No. 10 B, which consists of three gradually prescribed diets:
- diet I (the first 7 days after a heart attack) - food should be prepared in a gentle way (steamed or by boiling followed by rubbing) and consumed 6-7 times a day in small portions;
- diet II (2-3 weeks after a heart attack) - food should be prepared in a gentle way (steamed or by boiling or stewing, followed by grinding) and consumed 6 times a day in small portions;
- diet III (from the 4th week) - food can be consumed in chopped form or in a piece 5 times a day in small portions.
Diet I
Diet I should contain:
- proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 60 g: 30 g: 180 g;
- 1100-1300 kcal;
- liquid - up to 0.7-0.8 l;
- salt - completely excluded.
The total weight of ration I should not exceed 1700 g. Dishes should be steamed or boiled and served warm and mashed 6-7 times a day.
With diet I, the menu may include:
- first courses cooked in vegetable broth with grated cereals, vegetables and egg flakes;
- pureed cottage cheese;
- steamed meatballs, dumplings or lean beef patties;
- boiled lean fish;
- protein omelet;
- pureed oatmeal or buckwheat in milk;
- semolina;
- crackers (up to 50 g);
- mashed potatoes made from boiled carrots, beets or potatoes;
- low-fat kefir;
- jelly, fruit drinks and mousses;
- weak tea with lemon or with the addition of milk;
- infusion of prunes, raisins or dried apricots;
- juices: diluted with water, fruit, carrot or beetroot;
- rosehip broth;
- liquid jelly;
- alkaline mineral water(without gas).
All drinks must be warm or room temperature and used in small volumes 8 times a day. Milk, refined vegetable oil and butter should only be added to meals.
Diet II
Diet II should contain:
- proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 80 g: 50 g: 200 g;
- no more than 1600-1800 kcal;
- liquid - 0.8 l;
- salt - 3 g.
The weight of the entire diet should be no more than 2000 g. Dishes should be steamed, boiled or stewed and served warm, chopped or mashed, 6 times a day.
With diet II, the menu may include:
- first courses cooked in vegetable broth with well-cooked vegetables, cereals or fruits;
- boiled or chopped lean meats and fish or minced meat dishes;
- curd puddings with cereals, berries and fruits;
- casserole from semolina and other cereals;
- low-fat and unsalted cheese;
- viscous and liquid not pureed cereals from buckwheat, semolina and oats;
- dried wheat bread or crackers up to 150 g (or 200 g wheat and 50 g rye bread);
- mashed potatoes, beets and carrots;
- baked apples;
- raw soft fruits and berries without coarse fiber;
- grated;
- cauliflower dishes;
- low-fat cottage cheese and cheese (not salted);
- kefir;
- compotes and fruit drinks;
- fruit and milk jelly;
- jelly;
- mousses;
- weak tea;
- sugar up to 50 g.
Milk, refined vegetable and butter (up to 5 g) butter should be added only to sauces or dishes. To improve the taste, boiled and lightly fried onions, tomato, lemon and fruit juices, sweet-sour sauces on a fruit, vegetable or dairy basis can be added to the dishes.
Diet III
Diet III should contain:
- proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 90 g: 50-70 g: 300-320 g;
- 2100-2300 kcal;
- liquid - up to 1 liter;
- salt - 5 g.
The weight of the entire diet should be no more than 2300 g. Food can be cooked by boiling, stewing or steaming and served chopped or in pieces. The number of meals is 5 times a day. In ration III, in addition to the dishes of rations I and II, the following can be added:
- yesterday's wheat bread up to 150 g (or crackers, or 100 g of wheat and 50 g of rye bread);
- first courses cooked in low fat meat or vegetable broth;
- boiled jellied fish and meat;
- well-soaked herring;
- ripe tomatoes;
- lean ham;
- stewed beets with carrots;
- boiled pasta with the addition of cottage cheese;
- semolina casseroles with berries, apples or other fruits;
- curd puddings with cereals, carrots, and fruits;
- butter up to 10 g (only in dishes).
How should a patient eat after discharge from the hospital?
After completing three rations of diet No. 10 B, the diet for the patient after a heart attack is gradually expanded and transferred to diet No. 10 C. Patients with obesity are recommended to carry out fasting days 1-2 times a week.
Diet number 10 C
The first variant of diet No. 10 C is provided for obese people:
- proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 90 g: 70 g: 300 g;
- liquid - up to 1.2 liters;
- salt - 3-4 g;
- total weight of the diet - 2 kg;
- calorie content - 2100-2200 kcal.
- proteins, fats and carbohydrates - 100 g: 80 g: 350 g;
- liquid - up to 1.2 liters;
- salt - up to 5-6 g;
- total weight of the diet - up to 2.5 kg;
- calorie content - 2400-2500 kcal.
- yesterday's or dried wheat bread made from grade II flour, rye, grain, peeled, uncooked dry biscuits - up to 150 g per day;
- vegetable, fruit, dairy, cereal first courses, vegetarian borscht, cabbage soup and beetroot soup;
- fats - refractory fats are completely excluded, butter no more than 20-30 g per day, vegetable oils should be 1 / 2-1 / 3 of all fat;
- dishes from lean meat (pork, beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit) prepared by boiling, baking after boiling, served chopped or in pieces;
- dishes from low-fat varieties of sea and river fish(salmon, pike perch, carp, cod, pike, navaga) in boiled, baked or lightly fried form after preliminary boiling;
- chicken eggs - 1 egg per day (soft-boiled or in the form of a protein omelet);
- dairy products - boiled milk, low-fat sour cream for making sauces or dressing dishes, low-fat kefir, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese and unsalted, low-fat and mild cheeses;
- sauces - fruit gravies, sauces with vegetable broth, milk or sour cream;
- snacks - low-fat ham, vegetable salads, doctor's sausage, vinaigrette, canned vegetables;
- vegetables - fresh, boiled or baked;
- cereals - cereals cooked in milk or water, cereals, puddings or casseroles;
- pasta (preferably from durum wheat);
- berries and fruits - ripe and sweet varieties, fresh, dried fruits;
- nuts - any, but with a calorie restriction;
- sugar - up to 50 g per day, part of which is better to replace with natural honey or jam (with excess weight, sweets are sharply limited);
- drinks - fruit drinks, compotes, mousses, jelly, fruit juices with the addition of water (grape juice is excluded), rosehip broth, weak tea or coffee.
The diet is significantly limited:
- products with high content cholesterol: caviar, egg yolks, brains and other offal (see Fig. 1);
- sweets.
Excluded from the diet:
- fresh bread;
- rich meat, mushroom, chicken and fish broths;
- cream;
- canned fish, poultry or meat;
- sausages;
- salty fish;
- fried and fatty meat, poultry and fish dishes;
- yolks;
- pastries made from butter dough, pastries and cakes;
- sorrel;
- smoked meats, spicy dishes and fatty and salty sauces;
- legumes;
- radishes, cucumbers and radishes;
- pickled, salted and pickled vegetables;
- products, bloating intestines: raw milk, legumes, cabbage, fruits with coarse fiber, onion garlic;
- mushrooms;
- spinach;
- horseradish;
- mustard, spices and seasonings;
- cocoa, chocolate;
- natural coffee and strong tea;
- alcohol.
During the period of improvement in the condition of patients suffering from decreased appetite, you can include in the diet a small amount of foods that contain fats and cholesterol:
- cream;
- beef sausage and sausages;
- eggs.
When compiling a daily menu, you should take into account the following recommendations:
- It is better to introduce the first or second courses of lean beef, fish, chicken, turkey into the diet more often, and less often dishes from pork or lamb.
- Cut off visible fat from meat, and remove skin from chicken.
- For snacks, use fruits, berries or low-fat kefir.
- Take food in 4 or 5 meals in small portions, avoiding overeating.
- Dinner should not be abundant, and the dishes for him should not be hot or cold. It should take place 2-3 hours before bedtime.
Fasting days for obesity
To stabilize the normal weight while following the diet, it is necessary to carry out fasting days:
- rice-compote day - 100 g rice porridge and 5 glasses of compote;
- 800 ml of fruit juice diluted with water and 500 g of oatmeal;
- apple day - 1.5-2 kg of baked or grated apples;
- watermelon day - 300 g of watermelon 5 times a day.
Fulfillment of all the doctor's recommendations on rational nutrition after a myocardial infarction can accelerate the recovery of the heart muscle, accelerate recovery and facilitate the course of this dangerous disease... Subsequently, adherence to the diet allows you to stabilize the course, the development of atherosclerosis and reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction.
Doctor-cardiologist Petrova Yu.
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The heart is forced to work in an enhanced mode. Due to the replacement of the site of necrosis connective tissue, the number of functioning muscle cells... To avoid negative consequences heart attack and protect yourself from relapse, you need to take care of healthy way life. Diet after a heart attack is the key to successful recovery by reducing the burden on the necrotic heart.
Fundamental rules
With a properly compiled diet, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, they disappear faster unpleasant symptoms disease and the most sparing scar formation occurs. The choice of a diet for a heart attack will largely depend on the period of the disease: acute stage stricter dietary requirements are put forward than in the recovery phase, the presence of atherosclerosis and hypertension play an important role.
To restore health after a heart attack is not an easy task, this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physiotherapy, refusal bad habits and medical nutrition
For effective treatment the following rules have been developed for a heart attack:
- overweight people, especially with concomitant atherosclerosis, need to take care of normalizing their weight;
- for the formation of positive dynamics, the patient should receive daily dose all vitamins and minerals;
- it is better to eat more vegetable fats, and when cooking instead of butter use olive oil;
- excessively fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the patient's diet cardiology department, the amount of salt consumed should be minimized;
- fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, along with seafood and lean meat promote recovery contractile function myocardium and recovery vascular tone.
With the transition of the disease to the stage of scarring, moderate physical activity is recommended ( hiking, breathing exercises), which will help to normalize the natural metabolism in the body. It is better to replace coffee and strong tea with dried fruit compote. After experiencing necrosis of the heart muscle, it is worth avoiding stress, and also periodically measuring blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar.
Diet for acute myocardial infarction
The first week after a heart attack is a critical period in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ignoring medical advice at this stage leads to the development possible complications... While there is a fresh focus of necrosis on the heart, it is worth excluding fatty, high-calorie and fried foods. Scarring can sometimes take up to 14-21 days, which is worth remembering when drawing up the correct diet.
Excludes heavy food, foods that excite nervous system that irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence
A list of what you can eat with a heart attack in the acute period:
- vegetable purees and decoctions;
- light soups, low-fat broths;
- boiled porridge on the water;
- lean fish;
- vegetable oil;
- chicken and lean beef;
- dairy products;
- carrot juice.
Heavy food, as well as strong tea, and contribute to an increase in vascular tone, creating an additional burden on the heart. Foods with allergenic properties, such as legumes, grapes, tomatoes, mushrooms, chocolate, etc., should be avoided. In case of a heart attack, it is recommended to eat unsalted steamed food. The best choice would be 6 meals a day in small portions.
Diet in the subacute period
When the symptoms of a heart attack have somewhat smoothed out, and a fresh focus of necrosis began to be replaced by connective tissue, you can diversify your diet somewhat. Still worth avoiding homemade baked goods, smoked meats and too fatty foods... Meals for a heart attack in the subacute stage can be varied with thicker dishes, carbohydrate cereals, cereals, boiled meat... The amount of salt should not be exaggerated 5-6 g per day.
After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but, as before, salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery
- animal fats (lard, fatty meat, butter);
- drinks containing caffeine;
- pasta, buns, fast food;
- too salty and spicy food;
- alcohol.
When observing positive dynamics, the daily amount of vegetable carbohydrates is gradually increased. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, still in small portions. If the patient underwent stent placement, he needs to eat a little and 6-7 times a day, avoiding eating just before bedtime. It is worth adhering to such a diet for two to three weeks after the transition of the disease to the subacute stage.
Diet during scarring
For correct and complete replacement of the site of necrosis with connective tissue, you need to continue to monitor your diet, even if the symptoms of a heart attack have completely disappeared. To speed up recovery from illness, you need to take care of proper nutrition.
In the period of scarring, the following products will be appropriate:
- dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, dried apples, various compotes);
Diet food is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease
- saltwater fish and shrimp, rich in iodine;
- fresh fruits and vegetables, cucumbers, garlic (excluding grapes);
- fermented milk products, cottage cheese;
- milk;
- vegetable stews, mashed potatoes, decoctions;
- lean poultry and beef.
Exceeding the recommended level of physical activity, stressful situation or the abuse of unhealthy food complicates the rehabilitation period. Balanced diet after a heart attack, it will help stop the transition of scarring to the heart valves and avoid further formation of myocardiosclerosis.
Eating after illness
When enough time has passed for full recovery organism after a heart attack, you can return to the usual 3-4 meals a day. Allowed to eat solid food, weak tea and pastries in a reasonable amount.
For the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction, it is recommended:
- eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible daily;
- take care of enough fiber (bread, cereals);
- add more carbohydrates to the diet and reduce the amount of protein-rich foods (replace fatty meat with cottage cheese);
- avoid smoked meats, stews and dishes with chemical additives;
- reduce your intake of cholesterol and salt.
Chicken eggs, pork liver, salmon caviar, and butter contain a large amount fatty acids... The diet after myocardial infarction should not include these foods. During the acute and subacute period, it is worth reducing the amount of fluid consumed.
The state of complete or partial narrowing of the lumen of the vessel feeding the heart causes necrosis of its muscle - a heart attack. It is a life-threatening disease. The first day the patient was prescribed an inpatient bed rest... Recovery, restoration of blood circulation in the affected muscle, its gradual activation is achieved different ways, not excluding food. The diet after a heart attack has clear restrictions on the water, salt, protein, cholesterol amount that should be supplied with food.
Nutrition after myocardial infarction, methods of cooking and chopping food directly depend on the period of pathology (acute, subacute, scarring time). It is related to the severity general condition the patient and his motor ability. Cases of small-focal heart attacks are sometimes carried "on the legs". In other situations, the patient is strictly shown bed rest.
A heart attack diet has the following goals:
- gentle movements of the esophagus, diaphragm, stomach during digestion;
- ensuring the smooth functioning of the intestines;
- conservation of energy costs by the body;
- prevention of the development of pathologies that can aggravate the overall picture;
- strengthening the patient, the return of lost strength after an attack.
The division of the treatment menu according to Pevzner for the postinfarction state of the myocardium determines diet food table number 10. This diet recommends to eat fractionally, with restriction of fluid, salt, calories, the absolute exclusion of animal fats.
Depending on the time period that has passed since the day of the attack, they divide:
- Diet 1 is a meal in the first week after a heart attack. This period is considered acute, the patient is shown complete rest, any minimal movement can cause a relapse. Dishes are cooked mashed, this facilitates their assimilation and is absolutely not salty. The patient needs to be fed often (6 times a day), in small portions. Mandatory exclusion of prohibited products.
- Diet 2, is food in the second or third week from the day of the attack and is a subacute period. It is necessary to gradually increase the load on the digestive organs. To do this, the food is not grinded, but crushed, continue to feed often and fractionally.
- A month after a heart attack, a period of scarring begins. Then they start diet 3. This type of food continues to spare the digestive organs, but activates and normalizes their work in healthy regimen... The patient needs a varied, nutritious meal.
Common to all three diets is the avoidance of cold or hot food. If the patient does not want to eat, it is impossible to force or persuade. The time after a heart attack, divided into rations, can vary on an individual basis and depends on the severity of the heart attack and the volume of heart damage.
Prohibited foods
In addition to limiting the use of fluids and salt, after myocardial infarction, cholesterol is the main forbidden parameter. It is present in the body in two forms. The first one envelops the walls blood vessels, obstructs movement and collects in plaques. The second - necessary, participates in the splitting of the previous one. The intake of "harmful" cholesterol depends on food, which regularly saturates the blood with its elements. Immediately after an attack, you need to exclude foods that stimulate fermentation and bloating. Based on these requirements, prohibited products include:
- bread and flour products;
- egg yolks;
- peas and beans;
- fatty meats, fish and lard;
- rich meat broths;
- dairy products with a high percentage of fat (whole milk, cream, homemade cottage cheese and kefir, prepared pastry creams);
- mayonnaise.
In order not to provoke pathologies of the stomach, gallbladder, liver and kidneys during the period of restoration of blood circulation, it is necessary to abandon fried, smoked and grilled dishes. You can not eat canned, pickled, spicy, peppered food. For the duration of treatment, you should forget about tonic:
- coffee, chocolate, strong tea;
- mustard, horseradish, hot pepper, garlic;
- carbonated drinks.
It stimulates the nervous system and makes you work actively circulatory system alcohol. Therefore, during the recovery period after a heart attack, such loads are categorically contraindicated. There is a theory that 30 grams of cognac, drunk regularly, can protect against heart attack or prevent it from recurring. This statement requires the fulfillment of the main condition - compliance with a dose of strictly 30 grams. The harm from smoking after a heart attack is confirmed by its recurrence in smokers.
What can you eat after a heart attack
To actively help the heart after the necrosis of its area, you need to eat foods high in potassium, calcium, magnesium. These trace elements help to strengthen the walls of blood vessels, muscle fibers and are essential for myocardial restoration.
At the same time, you need products that stimulate intestinal motility, prevent constipation.
- crackers, yesterday's, dried bread;
- honey (they should replace sugar, jam);
- vegetable broth soups;
- types of meat (veal, beef, chicken, turkey, rabbit, game);
- egg whites;
- dried apricots, raisins, prunes, pomegranate, dogwood, sea buckthorn;
- milk only with tea or when preparing cereals;
- cottage cheese, kefir;
- lean fish, seaweed, mussels;
- baked potatoes, other baked vegetables and fruits.
Diversify dietary menu easily salads from beets, carrots, celery, radish with prunes, sour cream. Significantly violate, as well as make changes to the diet established by the doctor, is possible only after agreement with him.
Treatment
Treatment of myocardial infarction is achieved by medication and surgery. Prompt assistance is performed in one of the following ways:
- Stenting of the vessels of the heart (installation of a stent or frame for expansion).
- Coronary artery bypass grafting (bypassing the affected area, restore blood flow using a shunt).
After the operation, it is important to eat properly throughout life and have a blood test for cholesterol and lipids at least 3 times a year. This will prevent atherosclerotic plaque from blocking the shunt and keep the stent intact. Worth recommending complete refusal from animal fats, limited use sunflower and butter. You need to exclude bacon, sausages, bacon, pates, mushrooms, tomatoes. It is good to eat vegetables and herbs. Preference should be given to white fish, wild berries (blackberries, blueberries, strawberries), dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, dates, figs).
Nutrition with a heart attack and after
An example of a menu might be:
| 1 ration | morning after sleep | 100g of oat milk porridge without sugar, with honey, 150 ml of herbal tea |
| 2 morning meal | mashed apple | |
| dinner | mashed vegetable soup, 50 g of steamed fish cutlet, 100 g of carrot puree dressed sunflower oil, 100 gr fruit jelly | |
| afternoon tea | 50g softened low-fat cottage cheese, 100g rosehip broth | |
| dinner | 100 g of mashed buckwheat porridge with chicken meatballs, 150 ml of tea with lemon | |
| before bedtime | 100 gr broth of prunes | |
| 2 ration | After sleep | omelet, no yolks, fruit jelly |
| 2 morning meal | 150 gr cottage cheese with milk, 180 gr rosehip broth | |
| dinner | 250 g of borscht in vegetable broth, 150 g of mashed potatoes, 55 g of boiled veal, 100 g of fruit jelly | |
| afternoon tea | 100 baked pumpkin or apples | |
| dinner | 100 g vegetable stew, 50 gr of boiled fish low-fat variety, 180 gr of tea with lemon | |
| before bedtime | 180 g of low-fat kefir | |
| 3 ration | After sleep | 150 buckwheat porridge with 10 g of butter, tea with milk, 30 g of cheese |
| 2 morning meal | 150 gr cottage cheese, dried apricots, raisins, 180 ml dried fruit compote | |
| dinner | 250 g of vegetable soup with beef meatballs, bread crumbs, 150 g of beetroot stewed in sour cream, a slice of boiled chicken, 100 g of fresh apples | |
| dinner | 150 g mashed potatoes, boiled fish, seaweed salad, milk tea | |
| before bedtime | 180 g of kefir |
It can be difficult for women to give up chocolate, pastries and cream cakes. It is important to make and replace pastries, buns and pastries with mousses, puddings, jellies, fruit jelly, casseroles. Over time, this exchange will become a habit. The general recommendations for men and women are:
- adjust weight;
- give up salt;
- avoid preservatives;
- drink liquids in limited quantities.
Recipes healthy food cleanse and strengthen not only cardiovascular system... They adjust the work of the stomach, intestines, do not provoke gall bladder and kidneys to stone formation. Any exacerbation of other diseases with a heart attack is fraught with consequences for life and health.
Diet after myocardial infarction for men
Men, according to physiological characteristics, hormonal background, physical activity and their own habits, prone to the accumulation of cholesterol. This is also reflected in the fact that women are less prone to heart attacks. Therefore, the menu for men, according to the diet after a heart attack and stenting, may look like this:
| In the morning, after sleep | buckwheat porridge with milk, weak tea with lemon, oatmeal cookies |
| Next morning meal | cottage cheese casserole or protein omelet, grated apple and carrot salad |
| Dinner | soup with vegetable broth, mashed potatoes with boiled chicken, vegetable salad with generous addition of herbs, seasoned olive oil, fruit jelly |
| Afternoon snack | dried apricots, dates, raisins |
| Dinner | boiled rice with baked white fish steak, beet salad, dried fruit compote |
| Three hours before bedtime | low-fat kefir |
Rehabilitation
Eating after myocardial infarction for men should exclude any pork dishes. It is necessary to give up shrimp and squid, red or black caviar, salted cheeses and sausages.
The terms of rehabilitation depend on the severity of the infarction, the volume of myocardial damage, the patient's age, concomitant somatic diseases... So, with an insignificant amount of necrosis, recovery period takes about six months. An extensive process can double this period. Risk factors, infringing circulation and provoking the appearance of an attack, at the same time aggravate, complicate and lengthen the treatment period. These include:
- hypertension leading to stroke;
- diabetes;
- circulatory disorders of the brain (ischemic stroke);
- elderly age.
If doctors managed to stop the destructive effect of a heart attack in intensive care, then the patient must follow all recommendations regarding nutrition. After discharge from the hospital, the diet remains according to the diet. it important stage after heart attack rehabilitation, capable of preserving and extending life.
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