Cystic mastopathy of the breast. FCM - fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands How is fibrocystic mastopathy treated

Mastopathy or fibrocystic disease is a pathology that causes benign growth of breast tissue. Most often diagnosed in women suffering from neuroendocrine disorders and organ dysfunction reproductive system.

The main cause of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is a violation of the level of sex and thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland. In patients, an increase in the concentration of androgens is detected in the blood. At the same time, the content of progesterone, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, But characteristic manifestations hypothyroidism is absent. Typically, fibrous mastopathy appears against the background of the following pathologies:

adnexitis - inflammation of the appendages;
diseases of the thyroid gland, liver;
diabetes.

High levels of prolactin promote the growth of breast tissue. This condition is accompanied by menstrual irregularities, lack of ovulation, and ovarian dysfunction.

Provoking factors for fibrocystic mastopathy include:

hereditary predisposition;
late birth;
the woman did not breastfeed the child;
irregular sex life;
a large number of abortions;
stress, nervous disorders;
mammary gland injuries.

In such women, the risk of developing symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy increases 7–8 times, the treatment of which requires an individual, comprehensive approach.

Clinical symptoms of the disease

Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland (FCM) has the following symptoms:

chest pain that gets worse during menstruation;
discharge of clear or bloody secretion from the nipples;
the appearance of areas of compaction in the mammary gland.

The pain syndrome may be present constantly or appear during menstruation. Nodes can be single or multiple, depending on the form of the disease. These formations can be identified by palpation.

Forms of mastopathy

Breast mastopathy can also be nodular. In the diffuse form, fibrous damage to the connective tissue occurs, and many small cysts are formed, inside of which there are cystadenomas (papillomas). Hyperplasia of lobules and tubules and cell sclerosis may be observed. Most often, bilateral damage to both mammary glands occurs.

The diffuse fibrocystic form of mastopathy is characterized by thickening of the breast, the formation of a large number of cysts of small size, soft, elastic to the touch. Symptoms intensify during menstruation and practically disappear after the end critical days. There remains a feeling of heaviness, fullness, and unexpressed pain. The x-ray image clearly shows them, which can reach 6 cm in diameter.

With the nodular form of mastopathy, round compactions form inside the gland: fibromatosis, adenofibroma, adenosis, fibroadenoma. The neoplasms are mobile, elastic, not connected to the skin, and gradually increase in size. Symptoms appear the same regardless of the menstrual cycle.

Fibrocystic and nodular mastopathy can develop simultaneously, causing tissue proliferation and the formation of cysts and seals. Any form of the disease can serve as a provoking factor for degeneration atypical cells mammary gland in cancerous tumor. Therefore, women should be regularly examined by a mammologist for timely detection of the disease.

Diagnostic methods

How is fibrocystic mastopathy diagnosed and treated? The doctor examines the patient, palpates the chest, regional lymph nodes, and collects anamnesis. Menstrual irregularities, hereditary predisposition, previous abortions, pathological birth. The doctor finds out the relationship between menstruation and pain, the appearance of discharge from the mammary glands, the color and consistency of the secretion.

Additionally prescribed ultrasonography, x-ray chest, mammography, pneumocystography of the mammary glands to identify changes in connective tissue, nodes, cysts. Diagnostic tests for women reproductive age who don't accept oral contraceptives, carried out on days 8–14 of the menstrual cycle, when menstruation completely ends.

Cystic mastopathy of the mammary glands is determined by digital mammography. This diagnostic method can show the smallest cysts and lumps and detect the disease at an early stage.

With fibrocystic mastopathy, ultrasound reveals compaction of the connective tissue, dilation of the ducts of the mammary glands, and multiple formation of small cysts. Before pneumocystography, fluid is removed from the cyst cavity using a thin needle, then the resulting cavity is filled with gas. After that they do X-ray mammary gland in several projections. The study can show the size and parameters of the cyst, analyze the internal walls of the capsule and the degree of pathological processes.

To exclude a cancerous tumor and to distinguish cysts from adenomas, a fine-needle biopsy of the contents of the cysts and secretions from the glands is performed. Biochemical analysis blood helps to determine the level of sex and thyroid hormones.

Systemic hormonal treatment of mastopathy

How to treat fibrocystic mastopathy in women? Traditional way therapy is carried out for the diffuse form of the disease and after surgery; for this purpose, both hormonal and non-hormonal agents are used. In the presence of concomitant diseases consultation with a specialized specialist and appropriate treatment is necessary.

Taking hormones is indicated if there is an imbalance of androgens, estrogens, prolactin, thyroxine or thyrotropin. The medications and dosage are selected by the attending physician, and constant monitoring of hormonal balance is necessary. Fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland responds well to this treatment method.

How to treat the disease? The following are used for systemic hormonal therapy:

Antiestrogens (Tamoxifen, Fariston) reduce activity in breast tissue, reducing the biological activity of the hormone.
Combined monophasic oral contraceptives suppress the ovulation process and the synthesis of androgens and estrogens. Marvelon, Femoden for fibrocystic mastopathy are taken for at least 3 months. If necessary, Primolut is additionally prescribed.

Prolactin secretion inhibitors - Bromocriptine, Parlodel are indicated for elevated level prolactin. Start reception with minimum dosages. The drugs have a lot side effects.
Progestins (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Norethisterone) inhibit the pituitary-ovarian connection, reducing the effect of estrogens on breast tissue. Such drugs are especially indicated for patients with uterine fibroids and anovulatory bleeding.

Danazol in fibrocystic mastopathy inhibits the production of gonadotropin hormone, helps align gland tissue. But the drug has many side effects, and relapses occur after its use.
Gonadotropin analogues (Norkolut, Pregnin) reduce testosterone and estrogen levels. The indication for their use is a severe form of fibrocystic mastopathy, if other methods of therapy have not yielded positive results.

As a result of the use of systemic hormonal therapy, the signs of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland are reduced, lumps are resolved, diffuse tissue proliferation stops, pain is relieved, and the menstrual cycle is restored.

Treatment is long-term, can take from 3–6 months to 2 years, the effectiveness is 70–95%. The regimen for taking hormonal medications is selected by the doctor, taking into account the causes and severity of the disease.

Conservative methods of treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy

Women in whom fibrous tissue changes do not cause discomfort do not need special therapy. It is enough to carry out an analysis that excludes oncology, regular mammography, and lifestyle changes.

Not hormonal treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy it is indicated if the form of the disease is moderate. Therapy consists of the need to give up bad habits, play sports, and adhere to proper nutrition. It is necessary to refuse:

animal fats;
fried and smoked foods;
semi-finished products;
alcohol;
strong tea;
coffee;
completely eliminate carbohydrates.

The diet should contain more fresh fruits and vegetables, dairy products and seafood. If the functioning of the thyroid gland is impaired, meat consumption is limited.

To reduce pain in fibrocystic mastopathy, women are prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Brufen) and take them in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. The indicated remedies reduce swelling, inflammatory process, promote the resorption of seals.

Scientists have proven that disruption digestive tract promotes the development of cancer and fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland, since deterioration of peristalsis slows down the process of estrogen utilization. Therefore, women need to consume foods rich in vegetable fiber, at least 1.5 liters of liquid per day.

Conservative treatment for fibrocystic mastopathy must necessarily include taking vitamins PP, E, A, B, C, selenium, zinc, sedatives. The vitamin-mineral complex has a beneficial effect on hormonal balance, improves blood circulation, helps reduce swelling of the mammary gland. Selenium, zinc, and tocopherol have an antioxidant effect and prevent the degeneration of cells into malignant formations.

During the premenstrual period, women suffering from bilateral fibrocystic mastopathy may experience significant swelling of the face and limbs. Such patients are advised to take diuretic drugs, diuretic herbal teas, and should also limit salt intake.

Herbal adaptogens are effective for mastopathy - Eleutherococcus, Radiola rosea. These drugs saturate the body with vitamins, increase immunity, strengthen the nervous system, and normalize blood pressure. You need to take the medicine for at least 4 months.

Surgical method of treatment

If other treatment methods for fibrocystic mastopathy do not produce results, the disease progresses, then it is indicated surgery. Resection of large nodes is carried out, after which the material is sent for histological examination. If detected cancer cells, the mammary gland is completely removed and chemotherapy is prescribed. If the seals are benign, a course of conservative therapy is carried out after surgery.

When, as a result of diagnosis using pneumocystography, epithelial proliferation inside the cyst and the presence of atypical cells are detected, surgical intervention and subsequent treatment are prescribed. drug treatment. When multiple education cysts or nodes undergo extended resection or subcutaneous mastectomy.

After the therapy, women are prohibited from staying in the sun for a long time, visiting the sauna, solarium, or taking physiotherapeutic procedures. It is important to avoid stress and maintain immunity.

Folk remedies for mastopathy

How to cure fibrocystic mastopathy? Unconventional methods can only be used in combination with the main treatment and with the permission of the attending physician. Phytotherapy, homeopathic remedies help strengthen immune protection body, normalize hormonal background, restore the menstrual cycle.

Deserved positive reviews among women White cabbage. The plant is rich in zinc, selenium, contains everything essential vitamins for tissue exchange. The unique vitamin U has antitumor properties and has a powerful antioxidant effect.

Cabbage leaf is applied to the mammary gland as a compress at night. It is pre-lubricated with honey or butter. The procedure is done daily from the beginning of menstruation for 7 days. This recipe should not be used by women who are allergic to bee products.

Since the disease can be caused by stressful conditions, when treating fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary gland it is useful to drink soothing decoctions of valerian, motherwort, and lemon balm. Tea made from black currant, rose hips, citrus fruits, chokeberry helps normalize blood circulation, blood pressure, strengthening blood vessels.

Treatment folk remedies restores the functioning of the ovaries, helps with infertility, uterine bleeding. One such method is red brush therapy. This medicinal plant contains essential oils, bioflavonoids, minerals and vitamins that normalize the balance of sex hormones and metabolic processes in the body. After using the red brush, women note a decrease in the soreness of the mammary glands, a cessation of the growth of nodes, and discharge from the nipples.

Prevention of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands

Women of reproductive age before menopause must undergo mammography and examination by a gynecologist and mammologist once every 2 years. After menopause preventive actions shown annually.

At home, you should conduct regular self-examination and palpation of the mammary glands. A change in size, the appearance of discharge from the nipples, or painful nodes in the chest are reasons for an urgent visit to the doctor. Fibrocystic mastopathy at an early stage is manifested by thickening of the gland, pain during menstruation. A woman may notice nodules. After the end of menstruation, the symptoms disappear.

It is important to choose the right bra; preference should be given to natural cotton materials. The underwear should not squeeze or deform the breasts.

An important measure for the prevention of mastopathy is the timely treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the organs. genitourinary system, abortion prevention. During lactation, the development of mastitis should not be allowed.

The fibrocystic form of mastopathy is a disease that requires urgent treatment. Delaying a visit to the doctor, uncontrolled reception medicines can worsen a woman’s condition and lead to the degeneration of benign nodes into a cancerous tumor.

Bibliography

Viral, chlamydial and mycoplasma diseases of the genitals. Guide for the doctor. - M.: Information and Publishing House "Filin", 1997. -536 p.
Adamyan L.V. etc. Malformations of the uterus and vagina. - M.: Medicine, 1998.
New honey technology (Methodological recommendations) “Management of premature pregnancy complicated by premature rupture of membranes”; Makarov O.V., Kozlov P.V. (Edited by Volodin N.N.) - RASPM; Moscow; TsKMS GOU VPO RGMU-2006.
Miscarriage, infection, innate immunity; Makarov O.V., Bakhareva I.V. (Gankovskaya L.V., Gankovskaya O.A., Kovalchuk L.V.) - “GEOTAR - Media”. - Moscow. - 73 p. - 2007.

Graduated from Kirov State University medical academy in 2006 In 2007 she worked in the Tikhvin central district hospital on the basis of the therapeutic department. From 2007 to 2008 - employee of a mining company hospital in the Republic of Guinea (West Africa). From 2009 to the present day he has been working in the field of information marketing. medical services. We work with many popular portals, such as Sterilno.net, Med.ru, website

Fibrocystic disease (aka -) refers to pathologies that carry benign nature. It combines several types pathological conditions associated with the mammary glands. It is diagnosed in 30% of young and middle-aged women who have not reached menopause.

Characteristic features of this pathology

Considering fibrocystic breast disease, we can describe it as a dishormonal disease in which changes are observed in the ratio of glandular and connective tissue with the proliferation and predominance of one of these components, as a result of which compaction appears or cysts of various sizes are formed.

In medical practice, several types of classification for this disease are accepted. The following forms are distinguished:

nodular (it is characterized by the appearance of a compaction in the form of a single node);
diffuse (with it the appearance of multiple small neoplasms is observed).

In this case, the diffuse form of fibrocystic disease is divided into four more subtypes according to the degree of predominance of any component:

glandular;
cystic;
fibrous;
A mixed type is also possible.

Both isolated forms (both diffuse and nodular) can represent either a non-proliferative fibrocystic disease or a proliferative one (one in which there is excessive, uncontrolled division of epithelial cells). Thus, the second type is serious danger for the body.

There is a risk of malignancy (change in the nature of cells from benign to malignant) in any case.

What causes the development of the disease

Due to the fact that this disease is detected in women who have problems with hormonal levels in the body and disturbances in the secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the ovaries, doctors call hormonal imbalance the main cause of the pathological phenomenon.

The following can also lead to the disease:

problems at work endocrine system;
chronic inflammation of the ovaries, follicular cysts in the organ;
uterine fibroids and endometriosis;
some liver diseases (cirrhosis);
infertility (when its cause is lack of ovulation);
stress.

How does the disease manifest and progress?

At first, it may not manifest its existence and not bother the woman. Then characteristics appear and they may be as follows:

appearance of pain. They may be aching or dull, constant or intermittent;
feeling of heaviness;
swelling, increase in the volume of the gland (can reach 20%);
the appearance of compactions determined by palpation (single or multiple), without a clear boundary and with pain to the touch. Seals are characterized by an increase before menstruation and a decline after its completion;
increase lymph nodes in the armpit area;
discharge from the nipples is possible (spontaneous or with pressure). They can be transparent, white or greenish.

Attention! Greatest danger represent discharge from the nipples containing bloody spots.

With fibrocystic breast disease, changes affect the woman’s character; she becomes irritable, nervous, and restless. This disease often accompanied by migraine attacks, often experiencing flatulence, weakness, deterioration general well-being, increased fatigue.

How is the disease diagnosed?

A final diagnosis can only be made based on comprehensive examination which includes:

examination by a specialist (gynecologist, mammologist, and, if necessary, oncologist);
mammography;
conducting laboratory tests (for hormone levels and others);
biopsy (sampling of tumor tissue for examination).

Based on the results of studying the biopsy, it is determined whether a non-proliferative or proliferative form of fibrocystic disease occurs, its development is predicted, and a plan is drawn up for effective treatment. in this case therapy.

Therapy for a tumor of this location

Treatment of fibrocystic breast disease is prescribed based on diagnostic results, taking into account general state patients. If we are talking about multiple neoplasms, long-term conservative therapy is prescribed; if we are talking about a single node, then in this case the most effective will be surgical intervention and its removal. The extent of the operation also depends on the form of the disease. Excision (sectoral resection) is sufficient when a non-proliferative form of fibrocystic disease is identified. In the proliferative form, the excision area is expanded, removing adjacent tissue and regional lymph nodes.

Regardless of the form of the disease, the patient is prescribed a course of conservative therapy. It can be aimed at adjusting hormonal levels or eliminating disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system. Treatment of fibrocystic disease includes vitamin therapy, herbal medicine, homeopathic medicines– all of them must be assigned strictly individually.

For the timely detection of fibrocystic disease, it is necessary to conduct a monthly self-examination of the mammary glands to check for the absence of lumps in them and undergo an annual gynecological examination.

Considering that one of possible reasons are called liver diseases, then a diet that is intended for this organ is recommended. It is mandatory to exclude coffee, chocolate, and cola. It is recommended to replace black tea with green tea.

We should not forget about the prevention of stress (they are the causes of many diseases and this disease too). Doctors also recommend giving up bad habits (smoking, alcohol) and treating hormone replacement therapy with special caution.

Mastopathy is called the disease of emancipation. Stress, having children after 25 years of age, refusal to breastfeed due to early going to work, unhealthy diet, irregular sex life associated with late marriage - all these factors provoke hormonal disorders, as a result of which diseases of the female breast develop.

In the article we will talk about fibrocystic mastopathy, symptoms and treatment of the disease.

For glandular fibrocystic disease during puberty and pregnancy, as a rule, special therapy is not prescribed, since this state is a consequence of temporary changes in hormonal levels.

Medications may be prescribed to relieve symptoms of mastalgia (chest pain). local application: , .

How to treat diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy, can it be cured? Therapy for diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy is aimed at relieving the symptoms of mastodynia (swelling, tenderness of the mammary glands).

This is achieved by taking medications for fibrocystic mastopathy. They must be based medicinal herbs(, "Cyclodinone") and hormonal drugs (gestagens "Dostinex", "Danazol"; oral contraceptives, antiestrogens "Tamoxifen"), which are prescribed strictly according to medical indications.

Since mastopathy is a disease caused by hormonal imbalance(excessive production of prolactin or estrogen, with decreased progesterone), Hormone therapy helps restore balance in the body.

How to take Mastodinon for fibrocystic mastopathy? "Mastodinon" for mastopathy must be taken every day for three months, 2 tablets daily.

IMPORTANT! Drugs for the treatment of fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands should only be prescribed by a doctor!

Medicines for fibrocystic mastopathy can be supplemented. As part of the treatment, it is useful to take infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs, which have mild sedative effects.

It has been proven that increased emotional stress on the nervous system is one of the main factors provoking hormonal imbalance.

What to drink for fibrocystic mastopathy?

Medicinal decoctions of St. John's wort, motherwort, and hawthorn have a calming effect. It is useful to drink chamomile-mint tea before bed.

Aromatherapy and foot massage with eucalyptus oil will relieve tension.

In nodular fibrocystic disease, it is mainly indicated surgery, followed by elimination of the cause of tumor formation. Since removal of a tumor does not always lead to full recovery. In the absence concomitant treatment relapses are possible.

Contraindications

Diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy, like any hormonal disorder, is a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle. Therefore, first of all, experts recommend reconsidering established habits in lifestyle and nutrition:

It is necessary to reconsider your diet. You should limit your intake of sugar and salt. It was revealed that oncological diseases mammary glands are associated with sluggish bowel activity. At chronic constipation the risk of developing FCD increases. Therefore, it is indicated to normalize intestinal activity. It is also necessary to exclude foods that increase the load on the liver: chocolate, citrus, alcohol, sugar, fatty foods.
It has long been known that smoking suppresses the production of progesterone, so you will need to say goodbye to this habit.
Stress, nervous disorders, neuroses, and depression not only contribute to the occurrence of mastopathy, but also provoke the development of malignant tumors.

Conclusion

Now you know how to treat fibrocystic mastopathy. Without a doubt, the best prevention mastopathy are healthy eating, presence of regular sex life, childbirth and lactation.

In almost all women of childbearing age, the symptoms of mastopathy disappear without a trace after childbirth and full feeding breastfeeding (at least 1 year).

You will be able to find Additional information on this topic in the section.

We welcome to our website everyone who wants to learn a little more about what diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy of the mammary glands or simply FCD (fibrocystic disease) is. Today we will talk about this variant of mastopathy, the reasons for its development and the therapeutic plan.

What is FKB? This is a pathological pattern (a set of changes) leading to disturbances in the tissues of the bust. At the same time, it can grow fibrous tissue or form a large number of cysts. The diffuse version of the disease usually occurs in mixed form. In this case it is observed:

atrophy of the alveoli with their transformation into cysts;
lobular hyperplasia;
sclerotic changes in connective tissue both within the lobules and between them.

is a disease of disharmony. Mammary gland female body are in a state of permanent change of processes:

proliferative;
and involutive.

These processes are justified menstrual cycle, more precisely, hormonal changes within one cycle. Each of these processes corresponds to a certain level of hormone content in the blood (proliferation is associated with an increase in their number, involution - with a decrease). The health of the female body is ensured by a fine line of harmony between these processes. If it is violated, the woman feels the first unpleasant signs of a developing disease:

engorgement of the mammary glands.

Further development of the clinic depends on the type of FKB, for diffuse mastopathy characteristic:

the presence of discharge from the nipple from transparent to dirty green, less often mixed with blood;
The rough heaviness and granularity of the glandular tissues is determined by palpation.

The changes can be unilateral and affect the tissues of both glands. If you think that mastopathy is the lot of women in premenopause and in menopause, this is wrong. Its diffuse version is more common in young menstruating patients. This is what this disease is. But what provokes it?

Factors provoking pathology

The pathogenesis of this disease is under study. And the last dot over the “i” is still very far away. The causes of the disease are:

absolute/relative hyperestrogenism or gestagenic insufficiency;
changes in one direction or the other in hormones produced by the adenohypophysis;
violation of the relationship between individual gonadotropic substances.

Contribute to the development of the disease:

pathologies of the thyroid gland;
early start sexual life;
irregular sexual contacts;
absence of pregnancies and pregnancies ending in childbirth;
frequent abortions;
local production of prostaglandins of unknown etiology;
liver diseases, causing disturbance production of globulins that bind T4 and steroid hormones;
bad habits;
bad ecology;
stress and frustration;
neuroinfections;
mammary gland injuries.

Did you know that in countries where women, for religious reasons, do not use contraceptives and do not consider abortion a routine, pathology of the mammary glands, including breast cancer, is much less common?

Apparently, the fewer factors that disrupt the harmonious neurohumoral regulatory system of the female body and depend on the lifestyle of the woman herself are included in the process, the healthier the tissue of her bust is. How to treat the disease of disharmony, you ask?

Directions in FCD therapy

When choosing treatment methods for the diffuse form, doctors often choose conservative methods therapy. These methods are divided into non-hormonal and hormonal.

Non-hormonal therapy

reduction diet to normalize weight;
streamlining life, stabilizing rhythm to reduce stress;

Depending on the suspected causes of the disease, it may be recommended different groups medications:

adaptogens (Gerimaks);
vitamin preparations that improve estrogen inactivation (Sana-Sol);
mild diuretics (preferably herbal) a week before menstruation (lingonberry, bearberry);
microdoses of potassium iodide;
hepatoprotectors (Karsil, Heptral, Essentiale);
sedatives, preferably herbal ones (fennel, mint, you can use valerian in 2-week courses);
drugs that reduce the production of prostaglandins 10 days before menstruation (Aertal), their use reduces pain, reduces swelling, and prevents the growth of connective tissue;
Mastodinon and similar products;

A drug such as Klamin may be prescribed. This is an extract brown algae, a storehouse of microelements and vitamins.

Hormone therapy

If FCD is caused by an imbalance between progesterone and estrogens, patients are prescribed long-term gestagen therapy. This treatment is acceptable when there is a relative increase in estrogen production. It is desirable that the hormones used do not have androgenic properties.

Women's health depends on many factors, including the condition of the breast. From this article you will learn everything about what mastopathy is, what the symptoms and treatment are. of this disease, what are the signs of pathology and the causes of the disease.

What kind of pathology

Mastopathy is a disease in which growths of connective and glandular tissue, which leads to the formation of various seals and cysts.

This pathology is common. In women it is diagnosed very often. The peak incidence in adult women occurs at 30-40 years of age, childbearing age. Unfortunately, approximately 7-8 out of 10 women face problems of this kind.

It may seem strange, but this pathology is not uncommon in men. Male mastopathy usually develops in adulthood. The occurrence of this disease in a child is practically excluded.

Both mastopathy in men and women can be dangerous, since some of its forms can degenerate into cancer. Most often this occurs with nodular tumors, in particular with the fibrocystic type of the disease.

Breast structure

The breast consists of several types of tissue:

glandular;
connecting;
fatty.

During pregnancy, these organs increase in size. The number of internal lobules and ducts is added, and milk production begins inside to feed the baby. Upon completion of feeding the baby, these areas are replaced by adipose tissue. During menopause, even the parenchyma is transformed into adipose tissue.

All processes inside the mammary glands are controlled by the hormones prolactin, progesterone and estrogen. When an imbalance occurs, pathological processes are launched.

Why does mastopathy appear?

In order to safely cure mastopathy, and, if possible, avoid this pathology, it is important to understand what causes the development of the disease. The main factor in the development of breast mastopathy is hormonal disorders. The reasons for the failure may be:

constant stressful situations;
autumn-winter prolonged depression;
powerful emotions;
dissatisfaction with sex life;
constant overwork due to heavy physical exertion;
lack of sleep;
refusal to breastfeed children;
miscarriages;
abortions;
no pregnancy before age 30;
strict diets, due to which the body does not receive important compounds;
not cured inflammatory diseases genital area;
changes during menopause;
polycystic ovary syndrome;
mammary gland injuries;
infectious liver diseases;
thyroid diseases;
overweight;
genetic predisposition.

Bad habits, such as smoking or alcohol abuse, can increase the risk of disease. Problems with the adrenal glands, lack of iodine and wearing an unsuitable bra also increase the likelihood of developing mastopathy.

Types of pathology

Mastopathy happens different types. Some forms of the disease are easily treatable, others are more serious consequences. The classification includes several types of mastopathy, which we will discuss below.

A doctor can distinguish between the types of pathology. To make a diagnosis, he needs to collect complaints and conduct some other examinations.

Features of the diffuse form

Diffuse mastopathy is considered the first stage of the disease. It precedes more severe forms pathology. You can get rid of mastopathy if you start quality therapy in a timely manner.

This type of disease can be divided into:

adenosis;
fibroadenomatosis;
with a predominance of the cystic component;
mixed.

With adenosis, the proliferation process affects only the lobules of the organ. This form is the most common. If mastopathy appears in girls or young women, it is usually its diffuse form that develops.

Fibroadenomatosis is a condition in which the growth affects connective rather than glandular tissue.

Important! If the cystic form predominates, in every fourth case calcium is deposited in the formation cavity, which can become the basis for the formation of an oncological tumor.

The distinctive symptoms of this form of the disease include engorgement, swelling of the mammary gland, increased sensitivity. Small lumps, sometimes the size of a grain of rice, can be felt. When the nipple is squeezed, transparent or brownish discharge. In the photo you can see how the formations are located inside the glandular organ.

Features of the nodal form

Nodular mastopathy can be either unilateral or bilateral. With this form of pathology, cysts and nodules form in the body of the mammary gland. As a rule, they have clearly defined boundaries and are mobile within the organ, since they are not fused to the surrounding tissues.

Features of fibrous mastopathy

With fibrous mastopathy, organ cells are replaced connective tissues. As a result, the growth begins to compress the gland ducts, which leads to blockages.

This form of the disease is most often diagnosed in young women. If treatment is started in time, the disease will not worsen, and the outcome of mastopathy will be favorable.

An examination of the mammary gland reveals dense nodes, chest pain appears and the organ increases in size. Liquid is released from the nipples.

Features of cystic mastopathy

Cystic mastopathy involves the formation of cavities within the parenchyma. This form of the disease affects about 50% of women.

The cavities are filled with liquid. They are surrounded by a dense capsule and can be easily palpated.

Signs of the cystic form are:

pain in the places where formations form;
breast enlargement;
enlarged lymph nodes under the arm;
swelling.

Note! In case of joining bacterial infection Complications are possible, including purulent discharge from the nipples.

Features of fibrocystic mastopathy

With fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM), lumps form in the mammary gland. Over time they are reborn into cystic formations and fill with liquid. According to the ICD, this is diagnosis 60.1.

Most often, a woman discovers signs of the disease during self-examination. It's good if she's in as soon as possible consults a doctor for advice.

Typically, fibrous cystosis develops after age 30 and before menopause. The symptoms of fibrocystic mastopathy combine the symptoms of both forms of the disease.

Palpation of the mammary gland makes it possible to determine the presence of round or oval lumps. As a rule, they are not hard, but soft.

Symptoms of mastopathy

If you recognize the first signs of mastopathy in time and carry out therapy effective methods, surgery will not be required, and the woman’s well-being will be completely restored.

Symptoms can be either general or localized in one or both mammary glands. It is important to consider the signs of each form of mastopathy separately.

Diffuse symptoms

The following symptoms are characteristic of diffuse mastopathy:

feeling of chest fullness;
pain when touched;
increase;
discharge from the nipples is green, brown or clear.

Unlike focal form, at diffuse lesion seals are located throughout the chest. The sensations become most noticeable on the eve of menstruation. When menstruation begins, the intensity of mastopathy symptoms decreases. On late stages diseases, signs of pathology are present, regardless of the day of the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms of nodular form

The signs of this form of pathology are as follows:

increased sensitivity of the mammary glands;
engorgement;
aching and dull pain, worse when touched;
feeling of fullness;
discharge that appears not only from pressure;
formation of nodes from 2 mm to 7 cm in diameter.

If an infection occurs, patients note an increase in temperature, redness of the skin in the affected areas, general weakness, formation purulent discharge from the nipples.

Symptoms of the cystic form

With this form of pathology the following symptoms appear:

the chest hurts and swells;
a burning sensation is felt;
discharge is observed from the nipple;
the mammary gland grows depending on the volume of the cyst;
lymph nodes hurt, enlarge and swell.

The cyst can appear in only one lobule. Sometimes there is formation large number formations in different fragments of the mammary gland.

Symptoms of fibrocystic form of pathology

With diffuse fibrocystic mastopathy (DFCM), symptoms of both fibrous and cystic pathologies simultaneously appear.

Important! If they appear from the nipples bloody issues, this is not mastopathy; This condition requires urgent diagnosis and medical consultation.

Diagnostic measures

When a patient consults a doctor, he will conduct everything necessary tests and examinations that will allow you to make an accurate diagnosis.

Important! In order for the diagnostic results to be accurate, it is necessary to visit a mammologist in the first half of the cycle, shortly after the end of menstruation.

Before giving the patient a prescription, the doctor:

interview the patient;
examine the breasts for asymmetry and nipple deformation;
will conduct an examination in a standing and lying position;
will determine whether there is discharge from the nipples, and what nature they are.

Depending on the results of the inspection, the following procedures may be recommended:

X-ray;
Ultrasound of the mammary glands;
puncture;
blood test for hormones;
Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
biochemistry.

In other words, mammography is an x-ray of the breast. The procedure is permissible only in the first half of the cycle. The photo is taken from the front and side. By using this method may with high accuracy determine the presence of any compactions and formations that cannot be felt during examination.

Important! Mammography is performed on patients over 35 years of age.

Ultrasound, unlike mammography, is allowed at any age, during pregnancy and in children (if such a pathology has arisen). However, the information content of the study may be affected by the experience and qualifications of the doctor. In addition, when the breast parenchyma degenerates into adipose tissue, it is extremely difficult to determine some pathologies by echo signs.

The puncture is performed only if any compaction was discovered during the examination. The biomaterial obtained in this way is sent for histological examination to determine whether it is benign or malignant.

For drug treatment to be effective, the doctor must know what the patient’s hormone balance is at the moment. this moment. That is why, when fighting mastopathy, analysis of thyroid, adrenal and sex hormones is mandatory.

Biochemistry and ultrasound of other organs are performed to exclude concomitant diseases. The attending physician determines which research methods are necessary based on the data already obtained.

Treatment of mastopathy

If the diagnosis of glandular mastopathy of the mammary gland has already been made, based on the test results, the doctor will prescribe necessary medications. In most cases, mastopathy can be treated at home. Only if there are complications and the need for surgical intervention, the patient is admitted to the hospital for first aid.

When prescribing treatment, the doctor will take into account the stage and type of pathology, the patient’s age, the presence of additional diseases, and the desire to have children in the future. Applicable:

Not hormone therapy;
hormone therapy;
surgical intervention.

It is worth taking a closer look at how these remedies help in the treatment of mastopathy.

Use of non-hormonal therapy

Patients with mastopathy usually benefit from the following techniques:

cyclic vitamin therapy;
use of iodine-containing drugs;
use of sedative medications;
use of herbal medicine;
use of anti-inflammatory drugs;
use of diuretics.

It turns out that vitamins can influence a woman’s hormonal levels. Thus, vitamin A reduces the activity of estrogen, and vitamin E activates progesterone. Other elements support organs where hormones are synthesized and utilized.

Iodine is simply irreplaceable in a woman’s body. This element performs very important functions when building thyroid hormones, without which balance in sex hormones is impossible. This is why many doctors recommend their patients to use Iodomarin.

Sedatives normalize the functioning of the central nervous system, support the liver and stimulate immune system. Thanks to this, recovery occurs faster.

Anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain during mastopathy, and also relieve swelling, which is usually quite pronounced.

Use of hormone therapy

No matter how much a woman wants to refuse hormonal pills, such therapy is the main one in the fight against the disease. Since the effect of progesterone on the mammary glands is such that it helps to cope with mastopathy, hormonal therapy is aimed specifically at maintaining the correct balance between these indicators.

Use of gestagens

Treatment medicines includes the use of such drugs:

"Utrozhestan";
"Norkolut";
"Duphaston".

These medications must be taken in courses of 4 months. According to the doctor's decision, therapy can be extended.

There are gels for the mammary glands, for example “Progestogel”. They help to act locally on the problem area and promote maximum absorption of progesterone by these tissues. To increase the effectiveness of such products, you can apply Lyoton gel to the mammary gland 20 minutes before applying the main product.

Androgen use

These drugs are used by patients over 45 years of age in long courses, the duration of which should not be less than 6 months. Such drugs affect the pituitary gland, which results in inhibition of the natural production of ovarian hormones.

Important! Under no circumstances should you take hormonal drugs on the advice of girlfriends or mother, since each body is individual, and you can cause serious damage to your body.

Use of other medicinal groups

Depending on the patient’s hormonal status, the following may also be recommended:

antiestrogens (for example, Tamoxifen);
inhibitors of prolactin production (Dostinex, Bromocriptine);
combined oral contraceptives (“Marvelon”, “Janine”).

If moderate positive dynamics are observed, the growth of formations has stopped or the involutive stage has begun, surgical intervention is not required.

If nausea or other signs of side effects occur after using any medications, you should stop taking the medications and consult a doctor.

Surgical intervention

The operation is not always performed, but such intervention is indicated in the following situations:

the cyst appeared after treatment;
education is growing rapidly;
histological examination confirmed a cancerous tumor.

Depending on the circumstances, either breast resection or removal of the tumor itself may be performed.

At the postoperative stage, antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent bacterial infection.

Treatment with folk remedies for mastopathy is allowed, but any methods must be agreed upon with the attending physician. No folk way will not replace basic hormone therapy.

Breast massage and back massage can also have negative health effects. Stimulation of muscles and blood vessels can only enhance the nutrition of a growing tumor, which often leads to dire consequences. For the same reasons, the patient should not visit a sauna, steam bath or solarium, or undergo a course of physiotherapy.

Proper nutrition is important:

reducing the amount of coffee, black tea, chocolate, cocoa;
increase in vegetables, fruits;
introduction of cereals, vegetable oils and seafood.

The following prevention will help protect against pathology:

do not resort to abortion;
lead a healthy active lifestyle;
wear comfortable underwear;
try to avoid worries;
have regular sex life.

All these precautions will help avoid mastopathy.

Since most forms of pathology are successfully treated with medications early stages, the sooner the patient consults a doctor, the will be more successful therapy!

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