The heart is forced to work harder. Due to the replacement of the area of necrosis connective tissue, the number of functioning muscle cells. To avoid negative consequences heart attack and protect yourself from relapse, you need to take care of the management healthy image life. Diet after a heart attack is key to a successful recovery by reducing the load on the necrotic heart.
Basic Rules
With a properly structured diet, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, unpleasant symptoms of the disease disappear faster and scar formation occurs as sparingly as possible. The choice of diet during a heart attack will largely depend on the period of the illness: in the acute stage, more stringent dietary requirements are put forward than in the recovery phase, the presence of atherosclerosis and hypertension plays an important role.
Restoring health after a heart attack is not an easy task; this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physiotherapy, giving up bad habits and therapeutic nutrition
For effective treatment the following rules have been developed for heart attack:
- people with excess body weight, especially with concomitant atherosclerosis, need to take care to normalize their weight;
- to form positive dynamics, the patient must receive daily dose all vitamins and minerals;
- It is better to consume more vegetable fats, and when cooking, use olive oil instead of butter;
- excessively fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the patient’s diet cardiology department, it is advisable to minimize the amount of salt consumed;
- Fiber-rich fruits and vegetables, along with seafood and lean meats, promote recovery contractile function myocardium and recovery vascular tone.
As the disease progresses to the scarring stage, moderate physical activity is recommended ( hiking, breathing exercises), which will help normalize the natural metabolism in the body. It is better to replace coffee and strong tea with dried fruit compote. After experiencing necrosis of the heart muscle, you should avoid stress, and also periodically measure arterial pressure, pulse and blood sugar levels.
Diet for acute myocardial infarction
The first week after a heart attack is a critical period in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ignoring medical recommendations at this stage leads to the development possible complications. While there is a fresh focus of necrosis on the heart, it is worth excluding fatty, high-calorie and fried foods. Scarring can sometimes last up to 14–21 days, which is worth remembering when drawing up correct mode nutrition.
Avoid heavy foods, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence.
List of what you can eat during an acute heart attack:
- vegetable purees and decoctions;
- light soups, low-fat broths;
- boiled porridge in water;
- lean fish;
- vegetable oil;
- chicken and lean beef;
- dairy products;
- carrot juice.
Heavy foods, as well as strong tea, help increase vascular tone, creating additional stress on the heart. You should avoid foods with allergenic properties, such as legumes, grapes, tomatoes, mushrooms, chocolate, etc. During a heart attack, it is recommended to eat unsalted, steamed food. The optimal choice would be 6 meals a day in small portions.
Diet in the subacute period
When the symptoms of a heart attack have smoothed out somewhat, and the fresh focus of necrosis has begun to be replaced by connective tissue, you can slightly diversify your diet. Still worth avoiding homemade baked goods, smoked meats and excessively fatty foods. Nutrition during a heart attack in the subacute stage can be varied with thicker dishes, carbohydrate porridges, cereals, and boiled meat. The amount of salt should not exceed 5–6 g per day.
After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery are still prohibited.
- animal fats (lard, fatty meat, butter);
- drinks containing caffeine;
- pasta, baked goods, fast food;
- overly salty and spicy foods;
- alcohol.
When observing positive dynamics, the daily amount of plant carbohydrates is gradually increased. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, still in small portions. If the patient has had a stent installed, you need to eat a little and 6-7 times a day, avoiding eating immediately before bedtime. It is worth sticking to this diet for two to three weeks after the disease has entered the subacute stage.
Diet during scarring
To correctly and completely replace the area of necrosis with connective tissue, you need to continue to monitor your diet, even if the symptoms of a heart attack have completely disappeared. To speed up recovery from illness, you need to take care of proper nutrition.
During the scarring period, the following products will be appropriate:
- dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, dried apples, various compotes);
Dietary nutrition is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease
- sea fish and shrimp rich in iodine;
- fresh fruits and vegetables, cucumbers, garlic (except grapes);
- fermented milk products, cottage cheese;
- milk;
- vegetable stews, purees, decoctions;
- lean poultry and beef.
Exceeding the recommended level of physical activity, stressful situation or the abuse of junk food complicates the rehabilitation period. A balanced diet after a heart attack will help stop the transition of scarring to the heart valves and avoid further formation of myocardiosclerosis.
Eating after illness
When enough time has passed for the body to fully recover after a heart attack, you can return to the usual 3-4 meals a day. It is allowed to eat solid food, weak tea and baked goods in reasonable quantities.
To prevent recurrent myocardial infarction, it is recommended:
- eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible every day;
- take care of sufficient quantity fiber (bread, cereals);
- add more carbohydrates to the diet and reduce the amount of protein-rich foods (replace fatty meat with cottage cheese);
- avoid smoked meats, stews and dishes with chemical additives;
- reduce cholesterol and salt intake.
Chicken eggs, pork liver, salmon caviar, and butter contain a large number of fatty acids. The diet after myocardial infarction should not include these foods. During the acute and subacute period, it is worth reducing the amount of fluid consumed.
21.09.2017
A heart attack is the death of a section of the heart muscle due to a violation of the coronary circulation. The causes of blockage of the artery supplying blood to the heart are varied, not the least of which is an error in diet. Balanced menu necessary not only for people with heart disease, but for everyone who wants to maintain good health long years, protect yourself from serious illnesses.
The purpose of changes in the diet is to stimulate regeneration processes in the myocardium, providing conditions for normalizing blood circulation and metabolism. Nutrition after myocardial infarction for men should reduce blood cholesterol levels. Unlike women, men must eat meat - beef, rabbit, chicken or turkey.
Basic rules of therapeutic nutrition:
- eat frequently, the entire daily amount of food is divided into 6-7 meals;
- The calorie content of the diet should correspond to the person’s activity; the more passive he is, the fewer calories he needs. You can't overeat;
- it is important to reduce the amount of cholesterol and animal fats in the menu;
- Cold dishes or boiling water are prohibited, food should be at a pleasant temperature;
- It is forbidden to consume, or rather, there is no need to salt them during the preparation of dishes;
- exclude yeast bread, soda and sweetened store-bought juices, because they cause bloating;
- reduce the volume of liquid consumed to 1.5 liters, including soup and jelly;
- increase the amount of foods containing magnesium and potassium (nuts, beets and citrus fruits, buckwheat, potatoes, watermelon and seaweed);
- reduce the amount of sugar.
If you evaluate the treatment tables in the Pevzner table, then the diet for myocardial infarction is table No. 10I.
3 Diet Options After a Heart Attack
The essence of the diet is to reduce the number of calories in the diet and reduce the volume of dishes, as well as limiting fluid intake and prohibiting salt. Nutritionists have developed 3 diets that are sequentially prescribed to men and women after a heart attack, taking into account the recovery period:
- acute – 2 weeks after a heart attack;
- scarring – from 2 to 8 weeks from the attack;
- rehabilitation – from 8 weeks from the date of the heart attack and beyond.
- 50g proteins;
- 30-40g fat;
- 150-200g carbohydrates;
- up to 0.8 l of free liquid.
Energy restrictions of the diet – up to 1300 kcal per day. Salt is prohibited. An approximate daily diet looks like this: boiled fish (50g), vegetable broth (100ml), jelly (100ml), porridge with milk with a small piece of butter, tea with milk (100ml), grated fresh apple, yogurt or prune compote (100ml) , cottage cheese (50g), rosehip decoction (100ml), prune puree (50g).
It is imperative to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages
Diet No. 2 is intended for feeding patients 2-3 weeks after a heart attack. It is still recommended to distribute the menu into 6 small meals. The food is crushed. Diet characteristics:
- 60-70g proteins;
- 50-60g fat;
- 230-250g carbohydrates;
- up to 1 liter of free liquid;
- up to 3g salt.
Energy restrictions of the diet – up to 1800 kcal per day. An approximate daily list of products looks like this: prune compote (100ml) and porridge with milk, cottage cheese (50g) with sour cream (10g), omelet of 2 eggs (without yolks) and tea with milk (100ml), apple with carrots (grated) , rosehip decoction or fruit juice (100ml), apple fritters, vegetable broth with breadcrumbs (150ml), boiled fish or chicken fillet (50g), apple jelly, curdled milk or tea (100ml), grated carrots or beets ( 100g), prune puree (100g), boiled cauliflower(100g).
Diet No. 3 is prescribed at week 4. Food can not only be chopped, but served in pieces. All dishes are divided into 5 meals. Diet characteristics during the scarring period:
- 90g proteins;
- 70g fat;
- 300-320g carbohydrates;
- up to 6g salt;
- up to 1.1 liters of free liquid.
Energy restrictions of the diet are up to 2300 kcal per day. Nutrition for myocardial infarction should include seaweed, mussels, squid - these products contain copper, manganese, iodine, cobalt. The diet also includes salads and black bread, boiled fish and vinaigrette, and vegetable caviar. Vegetable side dishes are welcome, with the exception of legumes. You are allowed to eat 1 protein daily chicken egg, 150g poultry, lean beef or lamb. You can eat pasta, cereals and low-fat fermented milk products. For dessert, the diet after myocardial infarction for men allows fruit in any form - grated, baked, boiled and in the form of mousse.
Alcoholic drinks are completely excluded, since alcohol excites the nervous system and makes the heart work actively. Also, alcoholic drinks increase the load on the kidneys and cause edema.
The diet after myocardial infarction is aimed at getting rid of extra pounds, so low-calorie meals are encouraged. Products with purines, which excite the nervous system, are excluded from the diet. Animal fats and foods containing cholesterol are also prohibited.
To prevent the body from being overloaded with food, the portion size should be small, the size of the palm of your hand. For the same purpose, you should not lean on foods that cause gas formation. Dishes that require large amounts of energy to digest are prohibited. These are baked goods, fried and smoked foods, and grilled foods. Considering that salt retains water in the body, a diet after a heart attack for a man prohibits dishes and foods with a lot of it (cheese cheese, pickles, herring, etc.).
Prohibited products:
- fresh bread and flour products (baked goods, pastries, pasta);
- fatty meat and fish, rich soups, fried meat;
- lard and offal, cooking fats, stewed meat, pickles and smoked meats;
- chicken egg yolks;
- sausages, pickled mushrooms and vegetables, canned food;
- desserts with cream;
- cabbage, legumes, spinach, onions, sorrel, garlic, radishes;
- fatty fermented milk products (cream, butter, fatty cottage cheese, cheese);
- strong tea, cocoa, coffee;
- jam and chocolate;
- horseradish, mustard, black pepper;
- tomato and grape juice, soda.
What can you eat
The diet after a heart attack and stenting contains a large amount of vitamins, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and lipotropic substances. Products that gently stimulate intestinal function and prevent constipation are useful. Instead of sugar, you need to consume honey, which contains many useful microelements and is biologically active substances. Instead of animal fats, use vegetable oil, which has a beneficial effect on intestinal function. By following your doctor's recommendations after a heart attack for women and men, you can quickly recover and prevent another attack.
You can eat dairy products
Allowed products (by diet):
- bread and flour products: crackers and dried bread (diet No. 1), 150g of yesterday's bread (diet No. 2), 250g of yesterday's bread (diet No. 3);
soup: 200 ml in vegetable broth with pureed vegetables (diet No. 1), soups and borscht with boiled vegetables and cereals (diet No. 2 and No. 3); - fermented milk products: milk only as an additive to dishes or tea, low-fat kefir, sour cream only in soup, unsalted and low-fat cheese, pureed cottage cheese;
eggs: only in the form of egg white omelettes or egg flakes in soup; - fish, meat and poultry: low-fat types without films and fatty inclusions, skin. Meatballs, steam cutlets, boiled fish (diet No. 1), whole piece of meat and fish (diet No. 2 and No. 3);
cereals: up to 150g of semolina porridge, boiled and pureed oatmeal and buckwheat porridge (ration No. 1), viscous and liquid porridge (ration No. 2), up to 200g of porridge, pudding from semolina, cottage cheese, buckwheat; - vegetables: mashed boiled (diet No. 1), raw grated carrots and boiled cauliflower (diet No. 2), stewed beets and carrots (diet No. 3). Volume ready-made dish– no more than 150g;
- desserts: mousses and purees of berries, fruits, prunes with dried apricots, a little honey (ration No. 1), ripe soft fruits, jelly and milk jelly including up to 50 g of sugar (ration No. 2 and No. 3);
- snacks: low-fat ham, fish and meat aspic - this is what is allowed exclusively in diet No. 3;
- sauces and spices: tomato and lemon juice in small quantities in dishes (diet No. 1 and No. 2), citric acid, vanillin, 3% vinegar (diet No. 3);
- drinks: weak tea with milk and lemon, a decoction of rose hips and prunes, juices from fruits, beets and carrots.
Dietary products for atherosclerosis
Considering that the possible “enemy” of the heart is vascular atherosclerosis, all measures must be taken to get rid of “bad cholesterol” and prevent its accumulation on the walls of blood vessels. The doctor will tell you what you can eat to prevent the formation of plaques, as well as how to get rid of existing ones.
The easiest way to cleanse your body of cholesterol is to consume raw garlic. It slows down the deposition of fat on the walls of blood vessels. You need to grind a head of garlic into porridge, pour in a glass of unrefined oil and leave for a day. Next, add the juice of 1 lemon to the resulting mixture, mix and leave for 7 days in the dark. The finished oil is consumed 1 tsp. three times a day before meals. Course – 3 months.
Most natural method cleanse the body of cholesterol - eat raw garlic
Another proven remedy cholesterol plaques– fruits, vegetables, berries and juices from them. The most effective in this area are cranberries, apples, rowan, and citrus fruits. A simple way is to regularly chew lemon zest, which contains beneficial essential oils.
From the first day after a heart attack, they drink freshly squeezed juices. For example, prepare carrot juice and add a little vegetable oil for better absorption useful substances and take 100 ml 2 times a day. Juices made from turnips with honey or persimmons are no less useful. Good effect give juice from carrots, beets, radishes and honey - all juices are mixed, sweetened with honey and taken 1 tbsp. three times a day before meals.
What happens if you don't follow a diet
Dietary nutrition during the period of recovery and rehabilitation after a heart attack helps the heart muscle return to full function and withstand stress. Thanks to the diet, excess weight is lost, which will have a beneficial effect not only on the condition of the heart, but also other organs. Every extra kilos- this is the load on cardiovascular system, spine and other organs that work in enhanced mode. Medical nutrition reduces the risk of recurrent attacks by lowering blood cholesterol, preventing further development atherosclerosis. Intestinal function is normalized, constipation and bloating are eliminated.
If you neglect your diet and follow your gastronomic desires contrary to your doctor’s recommendations, the following complications are possible:
- heart failure in acute and chronic form;
- disturbance of cardiac conduction and rhythm;
- thrombosis in blood vessels included in the systemic circle;
- aortic aneurysm;
- pericarditis;
- new case of myocardial infarction;
- death.
It’s easier to prevent the listed complications, and for this you need to reconsider your eating habits and start eating healthy, healthy foods. A balanced diet will improve health, give the body the necessary amount of energy, and prevent the development various diseases. Proper nutrition– this is not the only condition for maintaining health, but it is quite significant.
Diet after myocardial infarction – acute disorder cardiac circulation, as a result of which a section of the myocardium remains without nutrition and dies (necrotizes), is an important part of rehabilitation. Can lead to myocardial infarction various pathologies affecting the condition of blood vessels: hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, stress, physical inactivity, obesity, bad habits. Not least among the factors contributing to the development of pathology are gross nutritional errors.
Patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction should eat regularly, evenly distributed daily menu for small portions.
The purpose of diet after a heart attack
The diet after a heart attack is designed to help accelerate recovery processes in the myocardium, create favorable conditions for normalizing coronary circulation, normalize metabolism, and ensure proper functioning of the intestines. Therapeutic nutrition reduces the load on the kidneys, relieves edema, helps strengthen the heart muscle, and helps in the fight against disorders heart rate and helps maintain all body functions.
After the postponed extensive heart attack Table 10 according to Pevzner is shown. This diet is used for cardiovascular diseases and diseases nervous system, it includes products that improve blood circulation and strengthen the heart and blood vessels. Table 10 provides balanced diet and at the same time sparing the body.
Basic principles of diet after a heart attack for men and women
Both men and women who have suffered a myocardial infarction should become accustomed to following the following rules:
- Eat regularly, evenly distributing the daily menu into small portions. Neither severe hunger nor overeating are equally unacceptable.
- Limit salt intake. Salt contributes to increased blood pressure, fluid retention in the body and the occurrence of edema;
- Limit the consumption of fats and easily digestible carbohydrates.
- Eliminate from the diet foods that irritate the gastric mucosa, increase nervous excitability, and cause fluid retention in the body.
- Maintain drinking regime. In the acute and subacute period, the total daily volume of fluid is limited to 1-1.2 liters.
- Enrich the diet with microelements (primarily magnesium, potassium, iodine), vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, and foods that have an alkalizing effect.
- Culinary processing of products should be carried out using gentle methods in order to preserve maximum amount useful substances.
- Eating food at moderate temperatures - from room temperature to warm; too cold and hot dishes are not recommended.
- Limit your daily caloric intake. Since in the post-infarction period patients are limited in physical activity, care must be taken to energy value food corresponded to energy expenditure. Overweight patients are recommended to reduce their daily caloric intake by 200-300 kcal from the recommended value for their age and type of activity.
Potassium promotes excretion from the body excess water, helps eliminate swelling, is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, and heart muscle.
Similar dietary requirements are imposed after stenting; in addition, in this case, you need to especially carefully monitor the drinking regime, since it is critically important to prevent dehydration, which leads to blood thickening.
Diet during different periods of a heart attack
For each of the main periods of a heart attack (acute, subacute and scarring), a special diet is recommended.
Diet for the acute period
What can you eat after a heart attack? In the first week after a heart attack, in the acute period, the basis of nutrition consists of liquid and semi-liquid, crushed and pureed foods. Allowed: steamed meatballs or cutlets from veal, chicken or fish fillet, viscous porridges, milk and fermented milk products, steamed omelettes, pureed soups, vegetable stew, fruit and berry compotes, jelly, fruit drinks, rosehip decoction. Daily calorie content is 1100–1300 kcal.
Diet for the subacute period
In the second stage, which lasts two to three weeks, the diet becomes less strict. Dishes do not have to be chopped. The diet should contain fresh and cooked vegetables, easily digestible meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, bran bread, vegetable and butter, and dried fruits. Daily calorie content is 1600–1800 kcal.
Diet for the scarring stage
The scarring stage begins around the fourth week after a heart attack and lasts from 2 to 6 months. At this time, the cardiovascular system adapts to new operating conditions. An easily digestible, balanced diet enriched with potassium is recommended. Potassium helps remove excess water from the body, helps eliminate swelling, and is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, and heart muscle. They are rich in dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes, etc.), fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products and fish. You are allowed to consume up to 5 g of salt per day. Daily caloric intake is usually recommended for a given gender, age and type of activity.
All dishes must be prepared using dietary methods: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. In the late rehabilitation period Grilling is allowed. Fried foods should be avoided.
Authorized Products
- lean meat - veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit;
- fish (especially fish from the northern seas, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids);
- dairy products - milk, curdled milk, fermented baked milk, kefir, cottage cheese, cheese;
- eggs;
- cereals – oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, rice (especially unpolished);
- bakery products - dried white bread, whole grain bread, soft cookies (“Zoological” and the like);
- vegetables - any, primarily pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, potatoes, all types of cabbage, onions, garlic, parsley, horseradish, dill, fennel;
- oils – butter, vegetable (olive, sunflower, pumpkin, sesame).
As for spices, dry herbs that do not have a pungent taste are acceptable for consumption; for example, it is useful to add dried dill, parsley, basil, thyme, etc. to dishes.
What fruits are allowed after a heart attack? Almost any. Citrus fruits, apricots, bananas, grapes, dried fruits (primarily raisins, figs and dried apricots) are especially recommended. Berries are welcome in the diet - currants, raspberries, viburnum, blueberries, cranberries.
Since myocardial infarction often occurs in people with excess body weight, the consumption of high-calorie foods, especially fatty foods and confectionery products, should be limited or completely eliminated from the diet. Acceptable sweet dishes (in moderate amount): dried fruits, jam or preserves, marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows, fruit jellies and milk puddings. Sugar should be consumed in limited quantities, and even better, replace it with honey.
The list of products recommended for consumption is large enough to provide the patient with a varied and balanced diet every day
It is necessary to observe the drinking regime. It may be different for each period and for each patient (some patients limit their fluid intake as part of the fight against edema), but during the recovery period it is usually recommended to drink at least four glasses of water per day. Other drinks: fruit and berry compotes, unsweetened fruit drinks, jelly, freshly squeezed fruit, berry and vegetable juices, herbal infusions, weak tea. Sometimes it is acceptable to drink a cup of cocoa or coffee with milk.
All dishes must be prepared using dietary methods: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. In the late rehabilitation period, grilling is allowed. Fried foods should be avoided. As for food recipes, no special recipes are required; anything that can be easily prepared at home from approved products will do.
Prohibited Products
After a heart attack should not be used fatty varieties meat, sausages, offal, smoked meats, canned food, pickles, legume dishes, mushrooms, baked goods, chocolate, hot spices, strong tea, coffee, sweet carbonated drinks.
Is it possible to drink alcohol? There is an opinion that red wine and some others alcoholic drinks It is permissible to drink in moderation, and strong drinks are allowed if binge drinking is avoided, but this opinion is erroneous. Patients who have had a heart attack should completely give up not only vodka, beer, cognac and other strong alcoholic drinks, but also low-alcohol drinks - wine, beer, cider, etc. Simply put, all alcohol is prohibited.
Diet after myocardial infarction for men and women
Diet after a heart attack is no less important than diet.
Fractional meals are optimal - frequent meals at approximately equal intervals. There should be at least 5 meals per day: 3 main ones (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and two additional ones. The portions are small, the approximate volume being the size of the patient’s fist. Last appointment food - no later than three hours before bedtime.
Sugar should be consumed in limited quantities, and even better, replace it with honey.
This mode allows you to unload digestive system and at the same time ensure its optimal functioning. In addition, fractional nutrition allows you to optimize metabolism and normalize body weight. For patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction, it is advisable to follow a fractional diet for life.
Menu
An approximate menu for a week during the rehabilitation period after a heart attack is presented in the table.
|
Day of the week |
Approximate diet |
|
Monday |
First breakfast: oatmeal, yogurt or soft-boiled egg. Second breakfast: fruit salad. Lunch: vegetable soup, steam chicken cutlet With vegetable puree, dried fruits compote. Afternoon snack: rose hip decoction, banana. Dinner: boiled fish, steamed vegetables, herbal tea. Late dinner: kefir. |
|
First breakfast: two-egg omelette, toast, tea. Second breakfast: fruit puree. Lunch: vegetable soup with fresh herbs, boiled beef with a side dish of cauliflower, dried fruit compote. Afternoon snack: jelly. Dinner: cottage cheese casserole with pieces of fruit. Late dinner: fruit salad topped with yogurt. |
|
|
First breakfast: oatmeal with milk, tea. Second breakfast: stewed vegetables. Lunch: vegetable soup with rice, steamed chicken cutlet with vegetable side dish, fruit juice. Afternoon snack: rosehip decoction, dry cookies. Dinner: boiled fish, fresh cucumbers, compote Late dinner: a cup of cottage cheese with sour cream and raisins. |
|
|
First breakfast: soft-boiled egg, toast with cheese, tea with lemon. Second breakfast: baked apples. Lunch: vegetable soup, beef with cauliflower and green beans, fruit compote. Afternoon snack: cookies, tea, pear or apple. Dinner: cottage cheese casserole, herbal tea. Late dinner: ryazhenka. |
|
|
First breakfast: omelette with tomatoes, compote. Second breakfast: casserole with fruit. Lunch: vegetable soup, steamed chicken cutlet, side dish of stewed cabbage, compote. Afternoon snack: any fruit. Dinner: fish balls and mashed potatoes. Late dinner: yogurt. |
|
|
First breakfast: buckwheat with milk, tea. Second breakfast: fresh vegetable salad, toast. Lunch: chicken broth, boiled chicken with stewed vegetables, dried fruit compote. Afternoon snack: berry jelly. Dinner: stuffed zucchini, herbal tea. Late dinner: milk pudding. |
|
|
Sunday |
First breakfast: toast with cheese, tea. Second breakfast: rice pudding. Lunch: green borscht, grilled chicken fillet, grilled vegetables, berry juice. Afternoon snack: milk or kefir, dry cookies. Dinner: spaghetti with stewed vegetables. Late dinner: yogurt. |
Video
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After a heart attack, it is very important to follow the rules for the first time healthy eating, as this will help avoid another heart attack. Since this disease occurs more often in men, the basics of a diet specifically for representatives of the stronger sex who have suffered myocardial damage will be discussed
Myocardial infarction (MI) - serious disease heart disease, which, if left untreated or not followed medical recommendations, can lead the patient to disability and even death. If, after an attack, you change your lifestyle in time, including nutrition, you can recover quite quickly and even begin to perform your usual duties.
When using dietary rules after a myocardial infarction, you can reduce the risk of a recurrent attack by 73%.
Eating certain heart-healthy foods may help lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure and maintain body weight within normal limits. Otherwise, the heart and blood vessels will wear out and undergo repeated oxygen starvation, which generally has adverse consequences.
Video: What not to eat after a heart attack or heart surgery
Diet basics after a heart attack
Diets for patients after myocardial infarction are developed taking into account the characteristics of periods of illness:
- acute (2-10 days);
- medium (2-8 weeks);
- after a heart attack (over 8 weeks).
In addition, the severity of the disease and the development of complications, the need for observation in a special physiological mode, presence of concomitant diseases.
The nutrition of such patients is aimed at restoring processes in the myocardium and improving the functioning of the heart. Diet therapy helps correct metabolic disorders and prevents the formation of atherosclerosis. Another important task is to prevent weight gain and disorders in the digestive system.
Men after myocardial infarction are prescribed a diet in which the energy value of food is reduced with a gradual limitation of salt, animal fats, cholesterol, and nitrogenous substances. Proper nutrition should be enriched with ascorbic acid, lipotropic substances, and potassium salts. Typically, such a diet excludes foods that contribute to flatulence (grapes, fruits with rough fiber, milk).
A study of the popular DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and other cardiovascular nutrition guidelines published in the journal Nutrition in 2013 found that such diets have significant benefits for patients with heart and vascular disease.
The report, which analyzed six studies, found that the risk of overall cardiovascular disease was reduced by 20% after using the DASH diet. coronary disease heart disease by 21%, stroke by 19% and heart failure by 29%.
Foods to include in the post-MI diet
Men after myocardial infarction should include a number of foods rich in heart-healthy components in their daily diet:
- Whole grains
“All whole grains are good, but barley and oats have something special—a fiber called beta-glucan,” says nutritionist/dietician Jill Weisenberger. “This fiber prevents cholesterol from being absorbed in the digestive tract, thereby preventing it from entering the general bloodstream.” Other good choices are buckwheat, bulgur, whole wheat and millet.
Bulgur is Wheat groats, which has been treated with boiling water. Widely used in India, Pakistan, the Caucasus and the Middle East.
- Fruits and vegetables
“Fresh fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of potassium, which can reduce the adverse effects of sodium and lower blood pressure,” Weisenberger says. “Berries, in particular, are very good for the heart.” Pears and apples may help reduce the risk of stroke. Bell peppers, tomatoes, carrots and leafy green vegetables are all excellent sources of vitamins and carotenoids, a type of antioxidant, to promote overall health. Cranberry is another one a good choice because it helps reduce inflammation and promotes dilation blood vessels. “Try to eat a fruit or vegetable at every meal and snack,” Weisenberger says.
- Healthy fats
Not all fats are bad. You just need to choose “healthy” unsaturated fats and limit your intake total number fats, which is eaten as a whole, because all fats contain many calories. Weissenberger says fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids—lake trout, mackerel, herring, salmon, sardines and albacore tuna—are good for the heart. “The fats they contain may reduce the risk of abnormal heartbeats and reduce the formation of blood clots.” This will undoubtedly reduce the risk of developing recurrent myocardial infarction. Olive and canola oils are also an excellent source of healthy fats and a good replacement for regular butter. “When some of the saturated fats - butter, lard and bacon, for example - are replaced in the diet unsaturated fats, cholesterol levels are normalized,” says the nutritionist.
- Nuts, beans and seeds
There is no doubt that beans are good for the heart. “They help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack,” says Weisenberger, who recommends eating one for lunch every week. at least four servings of beans. Walnuts, almonds and other nuts and seeds are also important for heart health. “When you eat these foods regularly, you can reduce your low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or “bad” cholesterol,” says the doctor.
- Dark chocolate
If you really want something sweet, you should give preference to dark chocolate. Rich in flavonoids - another type of antioxidant - dark chocolate may help lower blood pressure and reduce inflammatory process, often affecting the intima of blood vessels, especially with the development of atherosclerosis.
- Freshly prepared tea
When you need something to calm down, it is better to turn to tea. Rich in flavonoids, tea may help reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, as well as normalize blood pressure. However, you should not drink store-bought bottled tea because it contains a small amount of flavonoids.
Foods to avoid when dieting after an MI
- Processed meat
How much to eat: no more than 2 servings per week.
Serving size: 60-85 g.
Processed meat contains salts, nitrites or other preservatives to preserve it longer. Hot dogs, bacon, sausage, salami and other delicacies, including turkey and chicken, are especially popular among men. Long-term observational studies have shown that the worst kinds meats for the heart are those that are processed.
Why does it harm the heart? It is likely that high level salts and preservatives found in processed meats pose a risk to the cardiovascular system.
- Highly refined and processed grains and carbohydrates
How much to eat: do not consume at all or no more than 7 servings per week.
Serving size: 28 g.
Many studies link consuming whole grains instead of starchy foods (such as potatoes) and refined carbohydrates (such as white bread, white rice and instant breakfast cereals) with a lower risk of heart disease, diabetes and possibly stroke. Processed grains, in turn, contribute to weight gain, especially when consumed over a long period of time. Additionally, highly refined grains increase blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and can impair blood vessel function and increase hunger, leading to repeated meals and weight gain.
Why does it harm the heart? Refined or processed food products is white bread, white rice, cereal with low content fiber, sweets and sugars, and other refined or processed carbohydrates. Their highest processing removes many of the most useful components found in whole grains such as alimentary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and fatty acids. Also, careful processing destroys the natural structure of the grain. For example, eating foods made from finely ground oats (such as Cheerios) or grains (such as typically finely ground whole grain bread) causes much higher spikes in blood sugar than less processed foods such as bran or stone-ground products. bread. Additionally, processing often adds a variety of ingredients that are less healthy, especially trans fats, sodium and sugars. Finally, some research suggests that fructose is metabolized differently than other sugars and therefore increases the synthesis of a new type of fat in the liver. Fructose makes up about half the sugar in sweeteners such as corn syrup. high content fructose or sucrose (found in cane sugar and beet sugar). This does not mean that you can’t eat a piece of pie or white bread, you just don’t need to make this product part of your diet.
- Soft drinks and other sweet drinks
How much to eat: either not at all, or 200 grams per week.
Serving size: up to 30 grams per day.
It has been proven that men in developed countries are drinking more and more sugary carbonated drinks, which has a noticeable impact on their health. Most weight gain is from sugary drinks, especially soda, sweetened fruit drinks and sports drinks. For example, a 350 ml can of soda contains the equivalent dose of 10 teaspoons of table sugar. Diet sodas are offered as sugar-free or low-calorie sodas, but they do not contain nutrients.
Why does it harm the heart? Sugar-laden drinks have harmful effects on the heart, similar to highly refined and processed carbohydrates. Research also shows that the human body is as unable to detect calories taken in in liquid form as it is calories taken in through solid foods. Therefore, if soda was added to a meal, approximately the same number of calories would likely be consumed as the rest of the meal. The calories in soda are simply “added.” In addition to others harmful effects highly refined and processed carbohydrates, sugary drinks also contribute to weight gain.
Sample menu for two days
The menu for a healthy diet and strengthening the cardiovascular system excludes fat and salt. If you have heart problems, eating healthy doesn't have to be too difficult. As a visual example, we offer a menu for two days, which shows that organizing a heart-healthy diet is quite simple.
- Menu “Day 1”
Breakfast
1 cup cooked oat flour, sprinkled with 1 tablespoon chopped walnuts and 1 teaspoon cinnamon
1 banana
1 cup skim milk
Dinner
1 glass fermented milk product low fat (1 percent or less), such as plain yogurt with 1 teaspoon ground flaxseed
1/2 cup peach halves, canned in juice
1 cup raw broccoli and cauliflower
2 tablespoons low-fat cream cheese, plain or plant-based
Sparkling water
Dinner
120 g salmon
1/2 cup green beans with 1 tablespoon toasted almonds
2 cups mixed salad greens
2 tablespoons low fat salad
1 tablespoon sunflower seeds
1 cup skim milk
1 small orange
Snack
1 cup skim milk
9 small crackers
Nutrient analysis for “Day 1”
- Calories 1562
- Total fat 45 g
- Saturated fat 10 g
- Monounsaturated fat 15 g
- Polyunsaturated fat 16 g
- Cholesterol - 126 mg
- Sodium 1.257 mg
- Total carbohydrate 207 g
- Dietary fiber 24 g
- Protein 92 g
- Menu “Day 2”
Breakfast
1 cup ryazhenka, low-fat yogurt mixed with 3/4 cup blueberries
3/4 cup calcium-fortified orange juice
Dinner
1-2 slices whole grain bread
1 bowl shredded lettuce, 1/2 cup chopped tomatoes, 1/4 cup chopped cucumbers, 2 tablespoons feta cheese and 1 tablespoon reduced fat butter
1 kiwi
1 cup skim milk
Dinner
Roast chicken (90 g) with eggplant (1 cup) and basil
1 cup brown rice with 1 tablespoon chopped dried apricots
1 cup steamed broccoli
120 ml red wine or grape juice
Snack
2 tablespoons unsalted nuts
1 cup low-fat yogurt
Day 2 Nutrient Analysis
- Calories 1605
- Total fat 30 g
- Saturated fat 10 g
- Monounsaturated fat 10 g
- Polyunsaturated fat 6 g
- Cholesterol - 126 mg
- Sodium 1264 mg
- Total carbohydrates 242 g
- Dietary fiber 24 g
- Protein 83 g
If you feel thirsty during this diet, then you can consume clean water to hydrate the body.
Video: Food and disease. What you can and cannot eat during a heart attack
In addition to a strict medication regimen and psychological assistance, the patient needs a mandatory diet after a heart attack. Food has a direct impact on the functioning of the digestive, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The body receives vitamins, microelements and substances to ensure normal functioning. If the food is harmful and difficult to digest, this will create additional stress on the heart and lead to another heart attack.
Compliance with the diet is mandatory during the period of treatment for recovery after a heart attack.Dependence of nutrition on the stage of the disease
Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction for men and women is compiled individually, taking into account the characteristics of the body, the degree of damage, individual intolerance to certain foods and the stage of the disease. The diet differs markedly depending on. Some products are strictly prohibited at the very beginning of rehabilitation, but they can be included at later stages.
Therefore, the diet after a heart attack is divided into three stages:
- V acute period;
- in the subacute period;
- with scarring.
If you eat properly during these periods, supplementing with healthy foods and following all other doctor’s instructions, you will be able to speed up recovery processes and significantly increase the chances of effective rehabilitation. Let's consider each stage separately.
Acute period
These are the first days after the attack that occurred in a person has stopped. Food for patients is selected based on their current general condition. In some cases, you have to feed with a tube, introducing liquid food through special tubes. If the patient is able to chew independently, then after a heart attack and stenting, the daily diet is divided into at least 6 servings. Receptions should be frequent, but in small quantities. This will prevent overloading the gastrointestinal tract.
During this period, the patient’s mobility is minimal, which is why low-calorie foods are selected for women and men. This can include meat that does not contain lard, simple soups with water, cereals and vegetables that have been heat treatment by extinguishing method. Before eating, all dishes must be crushed into a puree. This minimizes digestion time. The doctor will individually determine what you can eat and what foods you need to avoid in the first days. But the same rule applies to all patients:
- coffee;
- strong tea;
- alcohol;
- sweet products;
- smoked meats.
If you start eating rough and long-digesting food on the first day, this will negatively affect your health. general condition and will lead to some complications.
Subacute period
It begins approximately 7 days after a heart attack. After stenting, recovery is not as intense, so it is recommended not to rush into switching to more varied and not properly processed foods. Here you can eat a wider range of foods as the patient's condition improves. Gradually, if recovery goes according to plan, food is given whole, without processing in a blender. The recommendations remain the same:
- no harmful products;
- nothing fried, smoked, salty or fatty;
- The diet should be based on low-calorie dishes.
You can eat often, more than 6 times during the day. But don’t forget to drink and adhere to the principles of separate nutrition. This way, the digestive system will be able to more easily cope with the digestion of food, relieving the patient of discomfort.
Scarring
The diet after a heart attack during the scarring period begins at 4 weeks or later, depending on the pace of recovery. Continues to eat strictly low-calorie foods. But it is important to diversify the menu and ensure a balance of vitamins and beneficial microelements. Restrictions, as at all previous stages, apply to:
- fat;
- salty;
- smoked;
- spicy;
- coffee;
- strong tea;
- alcohol;
- semi-finished products.
You can eat more different products. Doctors recommend diversifying the diet for women and men with the following dishes:
- food from lean meat, steamed, boiled or baked in the oven;
- a variety of vegetables (focus on different types cabbage, pumpkin and carrots);
- fruits (preferably seasonal, not causing allergic reactions).
If there are no restrictions or individual intolerances, high-quality seafood, dried fruits, and nuts rich in vitamins and minerals, which are beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract, are periodically added to the menu. The exception would be peanuts, which contain little benefit.
Differences in nutrition for men and women
A well-designed diet after a heart attack must take into account gender patient. The foods may be the same, but the portion sizes are different. Proper nutrition during a heart attack for men and women is based on a balanced intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In the case of men, the daily intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is up to 90, up to 60 and no more than 400 grams, respectively. For women it is allowed:
- up to 80 grams of protein per day;
- no more than 70 grams of fat;
- maximum 300 grams of carbohydrates.
The amount of liquid for them is the same, and amounts to up to 1.5 liters of purified water without gas. Other drinks are not included. But the main difference between the diets of men and women is the goal they pursue. For men, it is important to reduce cholesterol levels, and women's diet is focused on lowering blood sugar. If speak about daily norm calories, it is 2300 Kcal for men and up to 2200 Kcal for the fairer sex.
Permitted and prohibited products
Your doctor will give you a specific list of foods that you can or cannot eat in the first and subsequent weeks after an attack. Consultation with a nutritionist will be mandatory since different patients react and digest the same food differently. The specialist will tell you what you shouldn’t eat and what dishes to focus on. To normalize the functioning of the heart vessels, the menu is based on dishes that will provide the body with calcium, potassium, magnesium, various vitamins and useful microelements. For starters, it is recommended to use only vegetarian soups that are easy to prepare and digest. The basis will be vegetables. It is better not to cook them in meat broths.
During the recovery period after a heart attack, the menu consists of:
- various cereals, which are cooked with a small amount of salt and sugar;
- low-fat varieties of cheese, dairy and fermented milk products;
- lean meat, fish and seafood;
- eggs, but in small quantities;
- vegetable oils from pumpkin, olives or barley;
- seasonal fruits;
- vegetables and herbs;
- honey;
- fresh berries and dried fruits;
- green loose leaf tea, making a weak brew.
You can supplement the menu with decoctions from medicinal herbs, which have a positive effect on blood pressure and strengthen blood vessels. Please discuss their use with your doctor. Now let's move on to those products that are strictly not recommended to be consumed during the period. To begin with, forget about rare meals in large portions. This is detrimental to the post-infarction state.
Patients are strictly prohibited from using in their daily diet:
- all kinds of semi-finished products, sausages and frankfurters, even of the highest quality;
- lard and fatty meat;
- fatty fish;
- any preserves, marinades, pickles and aggressive spices;
- bakery products;
- foods that cause fermentation in the stomach and increased gas formation;
- alcohol;
- fatty cheese and butter;
- soda;
- strong tea and coffee;
- almost all confectionery products.
Fats and lard or fatty meat are not identical concepts. A person needs fat for normal functioning, but it should not be obtained from fatty foods. The same goes for carbohydrates and proteins. There are many sources essential microelements and substances. Choose the right and safest ones so that the body receives the necessary portions of benefits, minimizing harmful factor from digested food.
The list may expand depending on availability allergic reactions and individual intolerance to various products. The concept of a healthy diet implies a number of logical restrictions. Even minor violations of diet rules. Believe me, it’s better to replace your favorite chips with some fresh fruit than to suffer from a new heart attack later.
Sample menu
Keep in mind that each body is unique, so the diet is selected individually. Some people are advised to eat garlic every day, while others find it healthier fresh tomatoes. We offer an example of a menu that should be followed during the acute period of rehabilitation. This is an approximate diet and is not universal.
After the acute period, the menu becomes more varied. Patients, in the absence of contraindications and allergies, are recommended to eat garlic and tomatoes. But if it is better to take tomatoes fresh and as ripe as possible, then garlic should be subjected to heat treatment.
Heat-treated garlic releases special substances that protect the cardiovascular system from the formation of blood clots. Tomatoes also provide benefits by providing the body with vitamins and minerals. But tomatoes are eaten only fresh and in season. In winter they have neither taste nor benefit. Therefore, it is good to have frozen vegetables in the freezer that you can eat in winter. Ask your doctor if you can move on to the next stage of the diet. The subacute or acute period does not always pass within the specified period of time. With severe heart damage, recovery takes longer. Therefore, you have to adhere to nutritional rules longer.
Even if you have gone through all stages of recovery, partially or completely returned to your previous life after an attack, forget about the rules rational nutrition never possible. In combination with preventive measures from recurrent heart attacks, a well-designed diet will ensure effective and coordinated functioning of the whole body.
The products we use have a direct impact on all systems and internal organs person. Proper nutrition is required not only after a heart attack. It is much wiser to follow the principles of healthy eating before any health problems occur.
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