How to eat properly for men after myocardial infarction? Diet after a heart attack for a man Recipes for preparing diet meals for those who have suffered a heart attack

The heart is forced to work in an enhanced mode. Due to the replacement of the site of necrosis connective tissue, the number of functioning muscle cells... To avoid negative consequences heart attack and protect yourself from relapse, you need to take care of healthy way life. Diet after a heart attack is the key to successful recovery by reducing the burden on the necrotic heart.

Fundamental rules

With a properly composed diet, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, unpleasant symptoms of the disease disappear faster and the most sparing scar formation occurs. The choice of a diet for a heart attack will largely depend on the period of the disease: in the acute stage, more stringent dietary requirements are put forward than in the recovery phase, the presence of atherosclerosis and hypertension play an important role.

To restore health after a heart attack is not an easy task, this requires a set of measures, including drug treatment, physiotherapy, rejection of bad habits and nutritional therapy

For effective treatment the following rules have been developed for a heart attack:

• overweight people, especially with concomitant atherosclerosis, need to take care of normalizing their weight;
• for the formation of positive dynamics, the patient should receive daily dose all vitamins and minerals;
• it is better to eat more vegetable fats, and when cooking, use olive oil instead of butter;
• excessively fatty, fried and spicy foods should be excluded from the patient's diet cardiology department, the amount of salt consumed should be minimized;
• fiber-rich fruits and vegetables along with seafood and lean meats support recovery contractile function myocardium and recovery vascular tone.

With the transition of the disease to the stage of scarring, moderate physical activity is recommended ( hiking, breathing exercises), which will help to normalize the natural metabolism in the body. It is better to replace coffee and strong tea with dried fruit compote. After experiencing necrosis of the heart muscle, it is worth avoiding stress, and also periodically measuring blood pressure, pulse and blood sugar.

Diet for acute myocardial infarction

The first week after a heart attack is a critical period in the pathogenesis of the disease. Ignoring medical advice at this stage leads to the development possible complications... While there is a fresh focus of necrosis on the heart, it is worth excluding fatty, high-calorie and fried foods. Scarring can sometimes take up to 14-21 days, which is worth remembering when drawing up correct regime nutrition.

Excludes heavy food, foods that excite the nervous system, irritate the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys and cause flatulence

A list of what you can eat with a heart attack in the acute period:

• vegetable purees and decoctions;
• light soups, low-fat broths;
• boiled porridge on the water;
• lean fish;
• vegetable oil;
• chicken and lean beef;
• dairy products;
• carrot juice.

Heavy food, as well as strong tea, and contribute to an increase in vascular tone, creating an additional burden on the heart. Foods with allergenic properties, such as legumes, grapes, tomatoes, mushrooms, chocolate, etc., should be avoided. In case of a heart attack, it is recommended to eat unsalted steamed food. The best choice would be 6 meals a day in small portions.

Diet in the subacute period

When the symptoms of a heart attack have somewhat smoothed out, and a fresh focus of necrosis began to be replaced by connective tissue, you can diversify your diet somewhat. Still worth avoiding homemade baked goods, smoked meats and overly fatty foods. Meals for a heart attack in the subacute stage can be varied with thicker dishes, carbohydrate cereals, cereals, boiled meat. The amount of salt should not be exaggerated 5-6 g per day.

After discharge from the hospital, the diet becomes less strict, but, as before, salt, fatty foods, strong coffee and tea, alcohol and confectionery are still prohibited.

• animal fats (lard, fatty meat, butter);
• drinks containing caffeine;
• pasta, buns, fast food;
• too salty and spicy food;
• alcohol.

When observing positive dynamics, the daily amount of vegetable carbohydrates is gradually increased. You need to eat at least 5 times a day, still in small portions. If the patient underwent stent placement, he needs to eat a little bit and 6-7 times a day, avoiding eating just before bedtime. It is worth adhering to such a diet for two to three weeks after the transition of the disease to the subacute stage.

Diet during scarring

For correct and complete replacement of the site of necrosis with connective tissue, you need to continue to monitor your diet, even if the symptoms of a heart attack have completely disappeared. To speed up recovery from illness, you need to take care of proper nutrition.

In the period of scarring, the following products will be appropriate:

• dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, dried apples, various compotes);

Diet food is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease

• saltwater fish and shrimp, rich in iodine;
• fresh fruits and vegetables, cucumbers, garlic (excluding grapes);
• fermented milk products, cottage cheese;
• milk;
• vegetable stews, mashed potatoes, decoctions;
• lean poultry and beef.

Exceeding the recommended level of physical activity, stressful situation or the abuse of unhealthy food complicates the rehabilitation period. Rational nutrition after a heart attack will help stop the transition of scarring to the heart valves and avoid further formation of myocardiosclerosis.

Eating after illness

When enough time has passed for the full recovery of the body after a heart attack, you can return to the usual 3-4 meals a day. Allowed to eat solid food, weak tea and pastries in a reasonable amount.

For the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction, it is recommended:

• eat as many vegetables and fruits as possible daily;
• take care of enough fiber (bread, cereals);
• add more carbohydrates to the diet and reduce the amount of protein-rich foods (replace fatty meat with cottage cheese);
• avoid smoked meats, stews and dishes with chemical additives;
• reduce your intake of cholesterol and salt.

Chicken eggs, pork liver, salmon caviar, and butter contain a large number of fatty acids. The diet after myocardial infarction should not include these foods. During the acute and subacute period, it is worth reducing the amount of fluid consumed.

21.09.2017

A heart attack is the death of a portion of the heart muscle due to a violation of the coronary circulation. The causes of blockage in the artery supplying blood to the heart are varied, and not least is dietary inaccuracy. Balanced menu it is necessary not only for people with heart disease, but for everyone who wants to maintain health for long years, protect yourself from serious ailments.

The purpose of changes in the diet is to stimulate regeneration processes in the myocardium, to provide conditions for the normalization of blood circulation and metabolism. Eating after myocardial infarction for men should lower blood cholesterol levels. Unlike women, men must eat meat - beef, rabbit, chicken or turkey.

Basic rules of nutritional therapy:

• eat often, the entire daily volume of food is divided into 6-7 meals;
• the calorie content of the diet should correspond to human activity, the more passive he is, the less calories he needs. You can't overeat;
• it is important to reduce the amount of cholesterol and animal fats on the menu;
• cold dishes or boiling water are prohibited, food should be at a pleasant temperature;
• it is forbidden to use, more precisely, you do not need to salt them during the preparation of dishes;
• eliminate yeast bread, soda and sweetened store juices as they cause bloating;
• reduce the amount of fluid consumed to 1.5 liters, including soup and jelly;
• increase the amount of foods containing magnesium and potassium (nuts, beets and citrus fruits, buckwheat, potatoes, watermelon and seaweed);
• reduce the amount of sugar.

If we evaluate the treatment tables in the Pevzner table, then the diet for myocardial infarction is table No. 10I.

3 diet options after a heart attack

The essence of the diet is to reduce the number of calories in the diet and reduce the volume of meals, as well as limiting fluid intake and banning salt. Nutritionists have developed 3 diets that are consistently assigned to men and women after a heart attack, taking into account the recovery period:

• acute - 2 weeks after a heart attack;
• scarring - from 2 to 8 weeks from an attack;
• rehabilitation - from 8 weeks from the day of the heart attack and beyond.

• 50g of proteins;
• 30-40g of fat;
• 150-200g of carbohydrates;
• up to 0.8 l of free liquid.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 1300 kcal per day. Salt is prohibited. An approximate daily diet looks like this: boiled fish (50g), vegetable broth (100ml), jelly (100ml), porridge in milk with a small piece of butter, tea with milk (100ml), grated fresh apple, yogurt or prune compote (100ml) , cottage cheese (50g), rosehip decoction (100ml), prune puree (50g).

It is imperative to exclude the intake of alcoholic beverages.

Diet No. 2 is intended for feeding patients 2-3 weeks from the day of the heart attack. It is still recommended to divide the menu into 6 small meals. The food is crushed. Diet characteristics:

• 60-70g of proteins;
• 50-60g of fat;
• 230-250g carbohydrates;
• up to 1 liter of free liquid;
• up to 3 g of salt.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 1800 kcal per day. An approximate daily list of products looks like this: prune compote (100ml) and porridge in milk, cottage cheese (50g) with sour cream (10g), an omelet of 2 eggs (without yolks) and tea with milk (100ml), apple with carrots (grated) , rosehip broth or fruit juice (100ml), apple pancakes, vegetable broth with breadcrumbs (150ml), boiled fish or chicken fillet (50g), apple jelly, yogurt or tea (100ml), grated carrots or beets ( 100g), prune puree (100g), boiled cauliflower(100g).

Diet number 3 is prescribed at 4 weeks. Food can not only be chopped, but served in chunks. All dishes are divided into 5 receptions. Characteristics of the diet during scarring:

• 90g protein;
• 70g fat;
• 300-320g carbohydrates;
• up to 6g of salt;
• up to 1.1 l of free liquid.

Energy restrictions of the diet - up to 2300 kcal per day. Meals for myocardial infarction should include seaweed, mussels, squid - these products contain copper, manganese, iodine, cobalt. The diet also includes salads and black bread, boiled fish and vinaigrette, and vegetable caviar. Vegetable side dishes are encouraged with the exception of legumes. Allowed to eat 1 protein daily chicken eggs, 150g poultry, lean beef or lamb. You can eat pasta, cereals and low-fat dairy products. For dessert, the diet after myocardial infarction for men allows fruits in any form - grated, baked, boiled and mousse.

Alcoholic drinks are completely excluded, since alcohol excites the nervous system, makes the heart work actively. Also, alcoholic beverages increase the load on the kidneys, cause edema.

The diet after myocardial infarction is aimed at getting rid of extra pounds, so low-calorie meals are encouraged. Products with purines that excite the nervous system are excluded from the diet. Animal fats and foods containing cholesterol are also prohibited.

To keep the body from being overwhelmed by food, the serving size should be small, about the size of the palm of your hand. For the same purpose, one should not lean on products that cause gas formation. Dishes that require high energy consumption for digestion are prohibited. These are baked goods, fried and smoked dishes, grilled products. Considering that salt retains water in the body, the diet after a heart attack for a man prohibits dishes and foods where there is a lot of it (feta cheese, pickles, herring, etc.).

Prohibited Products:

• fresh bread and flour products (buns, pastries, pasta);
• fatty meat and fish, rich soups, fried meat;
• lard and offal, cooking fats, stew, pickles and smoked meats;
• chicken egg yolks;
• sausages, pickled mushrooms and vegetables, canned food;
• desserts with cream;
• cabbage, legumes, spinach, onion, sorrel, garlic, radish;
• fatty dairy products (cream, butter, fatty cottage cheese, cheese);
• strong tea, cocoa, coffee;
• jam and chocolate;
• horseradish, mustard, black pepper;
• tomato and grape juice, soda.

What can you eat

The diet after a heart attack and stenting contains a large amount of vitamins, calcium, potassium, magnesium, lipotropic substances. Foods that gently stimulate the intestines and prevent constipation are useful. Instead of sugar, you need to use honey, which contains many useful trace elements and biologically active substances... Instead of animal fats, they use vegetable oil, which has a beneficial effect on the intestines. By following the doctor's recommendations after a heart attack for women and men, you can quickly recover and prevent a new attack.

You can eat fermented milk products

Allowed foods (by ration):

• bread and flour products: crackers and dried bread (ration No. 1), 150 g of yesterday's bread (ration No. 2), 250 g of yesterday's bread (ration No. 3);
  soup: 200ml in vegetable broth with mashed vegetables (ration No. 1), soups and borscht with boiled vegetables and cereals (ration No. 2 and No. 3);
• fermented milk products: milk only as an additive to dishes or tea, low-fat kefir, sour cream only in soup, unsalted and low-fat cheese, grated cottage cheese;
  eggs: only in the form of egg white omelets or egg flakes in soup;
• fish, meat and poultry: lean species without films and fatty inclusions, skin. Meatballs, steamed cutlets, boiled fish (ration number 1), meat and fish in one piece (ration number 2 and number 3);
  cereals: up to 150g semolina, boiled and mashed oatmeal and buckwheat porridge (ration number 1), viscous and liquid cereals (ration number 2), up to 200g of porridge, pudding from semolina, cottage cheese, buckwheat;
• vegetables: mashed boiled (diet # 1), raw grated carrots and boiled cauliflower (diet # 2), stewed beets and carrots (diet # 3). Volume ready meal- no more than 150g;
• desserts: mousses and purees from berries, fruits, prunes with dried apricots, a little honey (ration number 1), ripe soft fruits, jelly and milk jelly with up to 50 g of sugar (ration number 2 and number 3);
• snacks: low-fat ham, aspic from fish and meat - this is what is allowed exclusively in diet number 3;
• sauces and spices: tomato and lemon juice in small quantities in dishes (diet No. 1 and No. 2), citric acid, vanillin, 3% vinegar (diet No. 3);
• drinks: weak tea with milk and lemon, a decoction of wild rose berries and prunes, juices from fruits, beets and carrots.

Diet products for atherosclerosis

Considering that the possible "enemy" of the heart is atherosclerosis of blood vessels, all measures must be taken to get rid of "bad cholesterol" and prevent its accumulation on the walls of blood vessels. The doctor will tell you what you can eat to prevent the formation of plaques, as well as how to get rid of existing ones.

The easiest way to clear the body of cholesterol is to consume raw garlic... It slows down the deposition of fat on the walls of blood vessels. It is necessary to grind the head of garlic into porridge, pour a glass of unrefined oil and leave for a day. Next, the juice of 1 lemon is added to the resulting mixture, mixed and left for 7 days in the dark. The finished oil is consumed in 1 tsp. three times a day before meals. The course is 3 months.

Most natural method cleanse the body of cholesterol - eat raw garlic

Another proven remedy for cholesterol plaques- fruits, vegetables, berries and juices from them. The most effective in this area are cranberries, apples, mountain ash, citrus fruits. An easy way is to regularly chew lemon zest, which contains healthy essential oils.

From the first day after a heart attack, they drink freshly squeezed juices. For example, they prepare juice and carrots, add a little vegetable oil for better assimilation nutrients and take 100 ml 2 times a day. Turnip juices with honey or persimmons are no less useful. Good effect give juice from carrots, beets, radishes and honey - all juices are mixed, sweetened with honey and taken 1 tablespoon each. three times a day before meals.

What happens if you do not follow a diet

Diet food during the period of recovery and rehabilitation after a heart attack helps the heart muscle to return to full-fledged work, to withstand stress. Thanks to the diet, excess weight is lost, which will have a beneficial effect not only on the condition of the heart, but also on other organs. Each extra kilogram Is the load on cardiovascular system, the spine and other organs that work in an enhanced mode. Health food reduces the risk of recurrent attacks by lowering blood cholesterol, preventing further development atherosclerosis. The bowel function is normalized, constipation and bloating are excluded.

If you neglect your diet, go on about your gastronomic desires, contrary to the doctor's recommendations, the following complications are possible:

• heart failure in acute and chronic form;
• violation of cardiac conduction and rhythm;
• thrombosis in the blood vessels in the great circle;
• aneurysm of the aorta of the heart;
• pericarditis;
• new case of myocardial infarction;
• death.

It is easier to prevent the listed complications, and for this you need to reconsider your eating habits and start using healthy ones, healthy foods... A balanced diet will strengthen health, provide the body with the necessary amount of energy, and prevent development various diseases. Proper nutrition- this is not the only condition for maintaining health, but it is quite significant.

Diet after myocardial infarction - acute disturbance cardiac circulation, as a result of which a portion of the myocardium remains without nutrition, which dies (necrotizes), is an important part of rehabilitation. May cause myocardial infarction different pathologies affecting the state of blood vessels: hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, stress, physical inactivity, obesity, bad habits... Not in the last place among the factors contributing to the development of pathology are gross errors in nutrition.

Patients who have had myocardial infarction should eat regularly, evenly distributing daily menu into small portions.

Purpose of the diet after heart attack

The diet after a heart attack is designed to accelerate the recovery processes in the myocardium, create favorable conditions for the normalization of coronary circulation, normalize metabolism, and ensure full bowel function. Therapeutic nutrition reduces the burden on the kidneys, relieves edema, helps to strengthen the heart muscle, helps in the fight against disorders heart rate and contributes to the maintenance of all body functions.

After the transferred extensive heart attack Table 10 according to Pevzner is shown. This diet is used when cardiovascular diseases and diseases nervous system, it includes foods that improve blood circulation and strengthen the heart and blood vessels. Table 10 provides balanced diet and at the same time sparing the body.

Basic principles of a post-heart attack diet for men and women

Both men and women who have had myocardial infarction should become accustomed to following these rules:

1. Eat regularly, evenly distributing the daily menu into small portions. Neither severe hunger nor overeating is equally unacceptable.
2. Limit salt intake. Salt increases blood pressure, fluid retention and edema;
3. Limit the intake of fats and easily digestible carbohydrates.
4. Exclude from the diet foods that irritate the gastric mucosa, increase nervous excitability, and cause fluid retention in the body.
5. Observe the drinking regime. In the acute and subacute period, the total daily volume of fluid is limited to 1-1.2 liters.
6. Enrich the diet with microelements (primarily magnesium, potassium, iodine), vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, and products that have an alkalizing effect.
7. Culinary processing of products should be carried out in gentle ways in order to preserve in them maximum amount useful substances.
8. Eat food at a moderate temperature - from room to warm, too cold and hot foods are not recommended.
9. Limit the daily calorie intake. Since in the postinfarction period, patients are limited in physical activity, it is necessary to ensure that energy value food corresponded to energy expenditure. Overweight patients are advised to reduce the daily caloric intake by 200-300 kcal from the recommended for their age and type of activity.

Potassium promotes excretion from the body excess water, helps to eliminate edema, is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, heart muscle.

Similar requirements to the diet are also imposed after undergoing stenting, in addition, in this case, it is especially necessary to carefully monitor the drinking regime, since it is critically important to prevent dehydration, leading to thickening of the blood.

Diet at different periods of a heart attack

For each of the main periods of heart attack (acute, subacute and scarring), a special diet is recommended.

Diet for the acute period

What can you eat after a heart attack? In the first week after a heart attack, in the acute period, the basis of nutrition is made up of liquid and semi-liquid, crushed and mashed dishes. Allowed: steamed meatballs or cutlets from veal, chicken or fish fillets, viscous cereals, milk and fermented milk products, steam omelet, mashed soups, vegetable stew, fruit and berry compotes, jelly, fruit drinks, rosehip decoction. The daily calorie content is 1100-1300 kcal.

Diet for the subacute period

In the second phase, which lasts two to three weeks, the diet becomes less restrictive. Dishes do not need to be chopped. The diet should contain fresh and cooked vegetables, easily digestible meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, bran bread, vegetable and butter, dried fruits. The daily calorie content is 1600-1800 kcal.

Diet for the stage of scarring

The scarring phase begins around the fourth week after a heart attack and lasts 2 to 6 months. At this time, the cardiovascular system adapts to new conditions of functioning. An easily digestible balanced diet enriched with potassium is recommended. Potassium helps to remove excess water from the body, helps to eliminate edema, is necessary for the normal functioning of blood vessels, capillaries, heart muscle. They are rich in dried fruits (dried apricots, raisins, prunes, etc.), fresh vegetables and fruits, dairy products and fish. It is allowed to consume up to 5 g of salt per day. Daily calorie intake is usually recommended for a given gender, age and occupation.

All dishes should be prepared using dietary methods: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. In the late rehabilitation period grilling is allowed. Fried foods should be discarded.

Allowed Products

• lean meat - veal, chicken, turkey, rabbit;
• fish (especially fish of the northern seas, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids);
• dairy products - milk, yogurt, fermented baked milk, kefir, cottage cheese, cheese;
• eggs;
• cereals - oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, rice (especially unpolished);
• bakery products - dried white bread, whole grain bread, uncooked biscuits ("Zoological" and the like);
• vegetables - any, primarily pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, potatoes, all types of cabbage, onions, garlic, parsley, horseradish, dill, fennel;
• oils - butter, vegetable (olive, sunflower, pumpkin, sesame).

Of the spices, dry herbs that do not have a pungent taste are permissible for use, for example, it is useful to add dried dill, parsley, basil, thyme, etc. to dishes.

What fruits are allowed after a heart attack? Almost any. Citrus fruits, apricots, bananas, grapes, dried fruits (primarily raisins, figs and dried apricots) are especially recommended. Berries are welcome in the diet - currants, raspberries, viburnum, blueberries, cranberries.

Since myocardial infarction often occurs in overweight people, the use of high-calorie foods, especially fatty foods and confectionery, should be limited or completely eliminated from the diet. Acceptable sweet food (in moderate amount): dried fruits, jam or preserves, marshmallows, marmalade, marshmallows, fruit jellies and milk puddings. Sugar should be consumed in limited quantity, or even better, replace it with honey.

The list of foods recommended for consumption is large enough to provide the patient with a varied and balanced diet for every day.

It is necessary to observe the drinking regime. For each period and for each patient, it may be different (for some patients, fluid intake is limited to combat edema), but during the rehabilitation period, it is usually recommended to drink at least four glasses of water a day. Other drinks: fruit and berry compotes, unsweetened fruit drinks, jelly, freshly squeezed fruit, berry and vegetable juices, herbal teas, weak tea. Sometimes it is permissible to drink a cup of cocoa or coffee with milk.

All dishes should be prepared using dietary methods: boiling, stewing, baking, steaming. Grilling is allowed in the late rehabilitation period. Fried foods should be discarded. As for the recipes for the dishes, no special recipes are required, anything that can be easily prepared at home from permitted products will do.

Prohibited foods

After a heart attack, you can not use fatty varieties meat, sausages, offal, smoked meats, canned food, pickles, legumes, mushrooms, baked goods, chocolate, hot spices, strong tea, coffee, sweet carbonated drinks.

Can I drink alcohol? There is an opinion that red wine and some others alcoholic drinks it is permissible to drink in moderation, and strong ones are allowed if drinking is not allowed, but this opinion is erroneous. Patients who have suffered a heart attack should completely abandon not only vodka, beer, cognac and other spirits, but also low-alcohol drinks - wine, beer, cider, etc. Simply put, all alcohol is prohibited.

Diet after myocardial infarction for men and women

The diet after a heart attack is just as important as the diet.

Fractional meals are optimal - frequent meals at approximately regular intervals. There should be at least 5 meals per day: 3 main (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and two additional. At the same time, the portions are small, the approximate volume is about the size of the patient's fist. Last take food - no later than three hours before bedtime.

Sugar should be consumed in limited quantities, or even better, replaced with honey.

This mode allows you to unload digestive system and at the same time ensure its optimal functioning. In addition, fractional nutrition allows you to optimize metabolism and normalize body weight. For patients who have had myocardial infarction, it is advisable to observe a fractional diet for life.

Menu

An approximate menu for a week during the rehabilitation period after a heart attack is presented in the table.

Day of week	Approximate diet
Monday	First breakfast: oatmeal, yogurt, or soft-boiled egg. Second breakfast: fruit salad. Lunch: vegetable soup, steam chicken cutlet with vegetable puree, dried fruits compote. Afternoon snack: rosehip broth, banana. Dinner: boiled fish, steamed vegetables, herbal tea. Late dinner: kefir.
	First breakfast: an omelet of two eggs, toast, tea. Second breakfast: fruit puree. Lunch: vegetable soup with fresh herbs, boiled beef with cauliflower garnish, dried fruit compote. Afternoon snack: jelly. Dinner: cottage cheese casserole with pieces of fruit. Late dinner: fruit salad with yogurt.
	First breakfast: oatmeal in milk, tea. Second breakfast: stewed vegetables. Lunch: vegetable soup with rice, steamed chicken cutlet with vegetable garnish, fruit juice. Afternoon snack: rosehip broth, dry biscuits. Dinner: boiled fish, fresh cucumbers, compote. Late supper: a cup of cottage cheese with sour cream and raisins.
	First breakfast: soft-boiled egg, toast with cheese, lemon tea. Second breakfast: baked apples. Lunch: vegetable soup, beef with cauliflower and green beans, fruit compote. Afternoon snack: cookies, tea, pear or apple. Dinner: curd casserole, herbal tea. Late dinner: fermented baked milk.
	First breakfast: scrambled eggs with tomatoes, compote. Second breakfast: casserole with fruit. Lunch: vegetable soup, steamed chicken cutlet, stewed cabbage garnish, compote. Afternoon snack: any fruit. Dinner: fish balls and mashed potatoes. Late dinner: yogurt.
	First breakfast: buckwheat with milk, tea. Second breakfast: fresh vegetable salad, toast. Lunch: chicken broth, boiled chicken with stewed vegetables, dried fruit compote. Afternoon snack: berry jelly. Dinner: stuffed zucchini, herbal tea. Late Dinner: Milk Pudding.
Sunday	First breakfast: toast with cheese, tea. Second breakfast: rice pudding. Lunch: green borscht, grilled chicken fillet, grilled vegetables, berry juice. Afternoon snack: milk or kefir, dry biscuits. Dinner: spaghetti with stewed vegetables. Late dinner: yogurt.

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After a heart attack, the first time it is very important to adhere to the rules. healthy eating as this will help avoid a second heart attack. Since this disease occurs more often in men, the basics of the diet will be considered specifically for the stronger sex who have undergone myocardial damage

Myocardial infarction (MI) - serious disease heart, which, in the absence of treatment or non-compliance with medical recommendations, can lead the patient to disability and even death. If, after an attack, you can change your lifestyle in time, including nutrition, you can quickly recover and even start performing your usual duties.

By following the dietary rules after myocardial infarction, the risk of re-attack can be reduced by 73%.

Eating certain heart-healthy foods can help lower cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure and maintain body weight within normal limits. Otherwise, the heart and blood vessels will wear out and undergo repeated oxygen starvation, which in general has adverse consequences.

Video: What not to eat after a heart attack or heart surgery

Diet basics after a heart attack

Diets for patients after myocardial infarction are developed taking into account the characteristics of the periods of the disease:

• acute (2-10 days);
• medium (2-8 weeks);
• after a heart attack (over 8 weeks).

In addition, the severity of the disease and the development of complications, the need for observation in a special physiological mode, the presence of concomitant diseases.

The nutrition of such patients is aimed at restoring processes in the myocardium and improving the functioning of the heart. Diet therapy helps to correct metabolic disorders and prevents the formation of atherosclerosis. It is also important to prevent weight gain and disturbances in the digestive system.

For men after myocardial infarction, a diet is established in which the energy value of food is reduced with a gradual restriction of salt, animal fats, cholesterol, and nitrogenous substances. Proper nutrition should be enriched with ascorbic acid, lipotropic substances, potassium salts. Usually, such a diet excludes foods that contribute to flatulence (grapes, fruits with rough fiber, milk).

A study of the popular DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and other cardiovascular nutritional guidelines published in Nutrition in 2013 showed that such diets have significant benefits for patients with heart and vascular diseases.

A report that analyzed six studies found that following a DASH diet reduced the risk of general cardiovascular disease by 20%. ischemic disease heart rate by 21%, stroke by 19% and heart failure by 29%.

Foods for inclusion in the diet after myocardial infarction

Men after myocardial infarction should include a number of foods rich in heart-healthy ingredients in their daily diet:

• Whole grains

“All whole grains are good, but barley and oats have something special - a fiber called beta-glucan,” says nutritionist / nutritionist Jill Weisenberger. "This fiber prevents cholesterol from being absorbed in the digestive tract, thereby preventing it from entering the general bloodstream." Buckwheat, bulgur, whole wheat, and millet are other good choices.

Bulgur is Wheat groats, which has been treated with boiling water. It is widely used in India, Pakistan, the Caucasus and the Middle East.

• Fruits and vegetables

“Fresh fruits and vegetables are an excellent source of potassium, which can reduce the adverse effects of sodium and lower blood pressure,” says Weisenberger. "Berries, in particular, are very good for the heart." Pears and apples can help reduce the risk of stroke. Bell peppers, tomatoes, carrots, and leafy green vegetables are all excellent sources of vitamins and carotenoids, a type of antioxidant, for promoting overall health. Cranberry is another a good choice because it helps reduce inflammation and promotes expansion blood vessels... “Try to eat fruits or vegetables at every meal and snack,” says Weisenberger.

• Healthy fats

Not all fats are bad. You just need to choose “healthy” unsaturated fats and limit your intake total fat that is eaten in general, because all fats are high in calories. Weissenberger says fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids - lake trout, mackerel, herring, salmon, sardines and albacore tuna - are good for the heart. "The fats they contain can reduce the risk of abnormal heartbeats and reduce blood clots." This will undoubtedly reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction. Olive and canola oils are also a great source of healthy fats and a good substitute for regular oils. “When some of the saturated fats — butter, fat, and bacon, for example — are replaced in the diet unsaturated fats, cholesterol levels are normalized, ”says the nutritionist.

• Nuts, beans and seeds

There is no question that beans are good for the heart. “They help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of heart attack,” says Weisenberger, who recommends eating a meal every week for lunch. at least four servings of beans. Walnuts, almonds and other nuts and seeds are also important for heart health. “When you eat these foods regularly, you can reduce your low density lipoprotein (LDL) or 'bad' cholesterol,” the doctor says.

• Dark chocolate

If you really want something sweet, you should give preference to dark chocolate. Rich in flavonoids - Another type of antioxidant - dark chocolate can help lower blood pressure and reduce inflammatory process, often affecting the vascular intima, especially with the development of atherosclerosis.

• Freshly made tea

When you need something to calm down, it is better to turn to tea. Tea rich in flavonoids may help reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke, as well as normalize blood pressure. At the same time, you should not use store-bought tea in bottles, because it contains an insignificant amount of flavonoids.

Foods to avoid when dieting after myocardial infarction

• Processed meat

How Much To Eat: No more than 2 servings per week.

Serving size: 60-85 gr.

Processed meat contains salt, nitrites or other preservatives for long-term preservation. Hot dogs, bacon, sausage, salami and other delicacies, including turkey and chicken, are especially popular with men. Long-term observational studies have shown that worst species meat for the heart are those that are processed.

Why does it hurt the heart? It is likely that high level The salts and preservatives found in processed meats pose a cardiovascular hazard.

• Highly refined and processed grains and carbohydrates

How much to eat: do not consume at all or no more than 7 servings per week.

Serving Size: 28g

Many studies link consumption of whole grains instead of starchy foods (such as potatoes) and refined carbohydrates (such as white bread, white rice, and instant breakfast cereals) with lower risk of heart disease, diabetes, and possibly stroke. Processed grains, in turn, contribute to weight gain, especially when eaten over long periods of time. In addition, highly refined grains raise blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and can impair blood vessel function and increase hunger, leading to repeated meals and weight gain.

Why does it hurt the heart? Refined or processed food is white bread, white rice, cereal with low content fiber, sweets and sugars; and other refined or processed carbohydrates. Their highest processing removes many of the most useful components found in whole grains such as alimentary fiber, minerals, phytochemicals and fatty acids. Also, careful processing destroys the natural grain structure. For example, eating foods made from finely ground oats (such as Cheerios) or grains (such as usually finely ground whole grain breads) causes much higher spikes in blood sugar levels than less processed foods such as bran or stone-ground foods. bread. Additionally, processing often adds many ingredients that are less healthy, especially trans fats, sodium, and sugars. Finally, some studies show that fructose is metabolized differently than other sugars, thus increasing the synthesis of a new type of fat in the liver. Fructose makes up about half of the sugar in sweeteners like corn syrup with high content fructose or sucrose (found in cane sugar and beet sugar). This does not mean that you cannot eat a slice of pie or white bread at all, you just don’t need to make this product part of the diet.

• Soft drinks and other sugary drinks

How much to eat: either do not consume at all, or 200 grams per week.

Serving Size: Up to 30 grams per day.

It has been proven that men in developed countries are drinking more and more sugary carbonated drinks, which significantly affects their health. In most cases, weight gain is from sugary drinks, especially soda, sweetened fruit drinks, and sports drinks. For example, a 350 ml can of soda contains the equivalent dose of 10 teaspoons of table sugar. Diet sodas are offered with no sugar or low calorie content, but they do not contain nutrients.

Why does it hurt the heart? Sugar-laden drinks have a heart-damaging effect similar to highly refined and processed carbohydrates. Research also shows that the human body is unable to determine the calories that are ingested in liquid form, as well as the calories that are ingested through solid foods. Therefore, if soda has been added to a meal, it is likely to consume about the same calories as the rest of the food. The soda calories are simply “added”. In addition to others harmful influences highly refined and processed carbohydrates, sugary drinks also help increase body weight.

Sample menu for two days

The menu for a healthy diet and strengthening of the cardiovascular system excludes fat and salt. For heart problems, eating a healthy diet doesn't have to be too difficult. For an illustrative example, a two-day menu is proposed, which shows that it is quite simple to organize a heart-healthy meal.

• Day 1 menu

Breakfast

1 cup cooked oatmeal, sprinkled with 1 tablespoon of chopped walnuts and 1 teaspoon of cinnamon
1 banana
1 cup skim milk

Dinner

1 glass fermented milk product low fat (1 percent or less), such as plain yogurt with 1 teaspoon of ground flaxseed
1/2 cup peach halves, canned in juice
1 cup raw broccoli and cauliflower
2 tablespoons low-fat cream cheese, plain or vegetable flavored
Sparkling water

Dinner

120 gr salmon
1/2 cup green beans with 1 tablespoon toasted almonds
2 cups mixed salad greens
2 tablespoons low fat salad
1 tablespoon sunflower seeds
1 cup skim milk
1 small orange

Snack

1 cup skim milk
9 small crackers

Nutrient Analysis for "Day 1"

• Calories 1562
• Total Fat 45 g
• Saturated Fat 10 g
• Monounsaturated fat 15 g
• Polyunsaturated fat 16 g
• Cholesterol - 126 mg
• Sodium 1.257 mg
• Total carbohydrate 207 g
• Diet Fiber 24 g
• Protein 92 g

• Day 2 Menu

Breakfast

1 cup fermented baked milk, low fat yogurt mixed with 3/4 cup blueberries
3/4 cup calcium-fortified orange juice

Dinner

1-2 slices of whole grain bread
1 bowl chopped lettuce, 1/2 cup chopped tomatoes, 1/4 cup chopped cucumbers, 2 tablespoons feta cheese, and 1 tablespoon reduced fat butter
1 kiwi
1 cup skim milk

Dinner

Chicken roast (90 gr) with eggplant (1 glass) and basil
1 cup brown rice with 1 tablespoon chopped dried apricots
1 cup steamed broccoli
120 ml red wine or grape juice

Snack

2 tablespoons unsalted nuts
1 cup low fat yogurt

Nutrient Analysis for "Day 2"

• Calories 1605
• Total fat 30 g
• Saturated Fat 10 g
• Monounsaturated fat 10 g
• Polyunsaturated fat 6 g
• Cholesterol - 126 mg
• Sodium 1264 mg
• Total Carbohydrates 242 g
• Diet Fiber 24 g
• Protein 83 g

If during this diet you want to drink, then you can use clean water to hydrate the body.

Video: Food and Disease. What can and can not be eaten with a heart attack

In addition to a strict medication regimen and psychological assistance, the patient needs a mandatory diet after a heart attack. Food has a direct impact on the functioning of the digestive, nervous and cardiovascular systems. The body receives vitamins, minerals and substances to ensure normal functioning. If the food is unhealthy, difficult to digest, it will create an additional burden on the heart and lead to another heart attack.

Compliance with the diet is mandatory during the recovery period after a heart attack.

Dependence of nutrition on the stage of the disease

Proper nutrition after myocardial infarction for men and women is compiled individually, taking into account the characteristics of the body, the degree of damage, individual intolerance to certain foods and the stage of the course of the disease. The diet differs markedly depending on. Some foods are strictly prohibited at the very beginning of rehabilitation, but they can be included at a later stage.

Therefore, the diet after a heart attack is divided into three stages:

• v acute period;
• in the subacute period;
• with scarring.

If you eat right during these periods, supplementing healthy foods in compliance with all other doctor's prescriptions, you will be able to speed up recovery processes and significantly increase the chances of effective rehabilitation. Let's consider each stage separately.

Acute period

These are the first days after the relief of an attack that happened in a person. Food for patients is selected based on their current general condition. In some cases, you have to feed with a tube, introducing food in liquid form through special tubes. If the patient is able to chew on his own, then after a heart attack and stenting, the daily ration is divided into at least 6 servings. Receptions should be frequent, but in small quantities. This will allow you not to overload the digestive tract.

During such a period, the patient's mobility is minimal, which is why low-calorie food is selected for women and men. This can include meat that lacks lard, simple soups in water, cereals and vegetables that have passed heat treatment extinguishing method. Before serving, all dishes must be crushed into a puree. This minimizes digestion time. The doctor will individually determine what can be eaten and which products must be discarded in the first days. But for all patients, the same rule applies:

• coffee;
• strong tea;
• alcohol;
• rich products;
• smoked meats.

If on the very first day you start to eat rough and long-digesting food, this will negatively affect general condition and will lead to some complications.

Subacute period

It starts about 7 days after a heart attack. After stenting, the recovery is not so intense, therefore it is recommended not to rush to switch to more varied and not properly processed food. Here you can eat a wider list of foods as the patient's condition improves. Gradually, if the recovery goes according to plan, the food is given whole, without processing in a blender. The recommendations remain the same:

• no harmful products;
• nothing fried, smoked, salty and fatty;
• the diet should be based on low-calorie meals.

You can eat often, more than 6 times during the day. But do not forget to drink and adhere to the principles of separate meals. So the digestive system can more easily cope with the digestion of food, relieving the patient from feelings of discomfort.

Scarring

The diet after a heart attack during the scarring period begins at 4 weeks or later, depending on the rate of recovery. The intake of strictly low-calorie food continues. But it is important to diversify the menu and ensure the balance of vitamins and minerals. Restrictions, as in all previous stages, apply to:

• fatty;
• salty;
• smoked;
• spicy;
• coffee;
• strong tea;
• alcohol;
• semi-finished products.

You can eat more different products... Doctors recommend diversifying the diet for women and men with the following dishes:

• food from lean meat steamed, boiled or baked in the oven;
• a variety of vegetables (focus on different types cabbage, pumpkin and carrots);
• fruits (preferably seasonal, not causing allergic reactions).

If there are no restrictions and individual intolerance, periodically high-quality seafood, dried fruits useful for the gastrointestinal tract and nuts rich in vitamins and minerals must be added to the menu. An exception would be peanuts, which contain little benefit.

Differences in nutrition for men and women

A well-designed diet after a heart attack necessarily takes into account gender the patient. The foods may be the same, but the serving sizes are different. Proper nutrition for a heart attack for men and women is based on a balanced intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. In the case of men, the daily intake of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is up to 90, up to 60 and no more than 400 grams, respectively. Women are allowed:

• up to 80 grams of protein per day;
• no more than 70 grams of fat;
• maximum 300 grams of carbohydrates.

The amount of liquid for them is the same, and is up to 1.5 liters of purified water without gas. Other drinks are not included. But the main difference between the diets of men and women is the goal they pursue. For men, it is important to lower cholesterol levels, and the women's diet focuses on lowering blood sugar. If speak about daily rate calories, it is 2300 Kcal for men and up to 2200 Kcal for the fairer sex.

Permitted and prohibited products

A specific list of foods that can or cannot be eaten in the first and subsequent weeks after the attack will be given by the attending physician. Consultation with a dietitian will be mandatory as different patients react and digest the same food differently. The specialist will say what should not be eaten, and what dishes should be emphasized. To normalize the work of the heart vessels, the menu is based on dishes that provide the body with calcium, potassium, magnesium, various vitamins and useful microelements... At first, it is recommended to use only vegetarian soups that are easy to prepare and digest. The basis will be vegetables. It is better not to cook them in meat broths.

During the recovery period after a heart attack, the menu consists of:

• various cereals that are cooked with a small amount of salt and sugar;
• low-fat varieties of cheese, dairy and fermented milk products;
• lean meat, fish and seafood;
• eggs, but in small quantities;
• vegetable oils from pumpkin, olives or barley;
• seasonal fruits;
• vegetables and herbs;
• honey;
• fresh berries and dried fruits;
• green large leaf tea, making a weak brew.

You can supplement the menu with broths from medicinal herbs which have a positive effect on blood pressure and strengthen blood vessels. Check their use with your doctor. Now let's move on to those products that are categorically not recommended to be consumed during the period. For starters, forget about infrequent meals in large portions. This is detrimental to the post-infarction state.

Patients are strictly prohibited from using in their daily diet:

• all kinds of semi-finished products, sausages and sausages of even the highest quality;
• lard and fatty meat;
• fatty fish;
• any preservation, marinades, pickles and aggressive spices;
• bakery products;
• foods that cause fermentation in the stomach and increased gas production;
• alcohol;
• fat cheese and butter;
• soda;
• strong tea and coffee;
• almost all confectionery.

Fat and lard or fatty meat are not identical concepts. A person needs fat for normal functioning, but it does not need to be obtained from fatty foods. The same goes for carbohydrates and proteins. There are many sources essential micronutrients and substances. Choose the right and safest ones so that the body gets the right portions of the benefits, minimizing harmful factor from digested food.

The list can be expanded, depending on availability allergic reactions and individual intolerance to different products. Healthy eating implies a number of logical limitations. Even small violations of dietary rules. Believe me, it is better to replace your favorite chips with some fresh fruit than to suffer from a new attack of heart attack later.

Sample menu

Keep in mind that each organism is unique, therefore the diet is selected individually. Some are advised to eat garlic every day, while others are healthier to use fresh tomatoes... We offer an example of a menu that should be followed during the acute period of rehabilitation. This is a rough diet and is not universal.

After a hot period, the menu becomes more varied. Patients, in the absence of contraindications and allergies, are advised to eat garlic and tomatoes. But if it is better to take the tomatoes fresh and as ripe as possible, then the garlic should be heat treated.

Heat-treated garlic releases special substances that protect the cardiovascular system from blood clots. Tomatoes are also beneficial by providing vitamins and minerals to the body. But tomatoes are eaten only fresh and in season. In winter, they have neither taste nor benefit. Therefore, it is good to have frozen vegetables in the freezer that you can eat in winter. Ask your doctor about whether you can move on to the next stage of the diet. Not always a subacute or acute period passes within a specified period of time. With severe heart damage, it takes longer to recover. Therefore, the rules of nutrition have to be adhered to longer.

Even if you have gone through all the stages of recovery, partially or completely returned to your previous life after an attack, forget about the rules rational nutrition never can. In complex with preventive measures from relapses of a heart attack, a well-designed diet will ensure effective and well-coordinated work of the whole body.

The products we use have a direct impact on all systems and internal organs person. Proper nutrition is required not only after a heart attack. It is much wiser to follow the principles of healthy eating before any health problems occur.

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